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What the module is about?

H22INS Understanding structural behaviour is a key issue in

Indeterminate Structures designing structures:
Module Convenor: Dr W Tizani Is the system stable or unstable?
Is the system determinate or indeterminate?
Will the system allow redistribution of loads?
Assumptions are made in all analyses
Are they valid?

Module Introduction What are the implications?

What is the module about? What made these structures . determinate ?

- No of ..
Analysing REAL structure! static equilibrium equations

In first year your analysed structures using:

. . static equilibrium

1.
- No of .. unknown forces

2.
3.
- If NOT, then structure is called ?
alone
- . indeterminate

These structures were .

- Its solution/analysis becomes . trickier

We study Indeterminate Structures

Summary of Module Content
How to analyse The fundamental behaviour of structures established in
H21SEM and H21SSV is extended to cover more complex
structural forms:

Analysis of indeterminate structures using the flexibility

method
Indeterminate structures
Analysis of indeterminate structures using the stiffness
method

Introduction to analysis of structures by computer

We also glue on: fundamentals of structural analysis: torsion

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Module Aims - Structures Staff Involvement

Dr Walid Tizani (WT)

Indeterminate structures
Torsion

To introduce torsion and statically indeterminate

structures and the flexibility and stiffness methods of
Dr Walid Tizani and demonstrators
solving them.
Computer workshops

Teaching Procedures Assessment

10 Credit Module (Autumn)

Lectures, examples classes, and computer workshop Examination 80%
2 hours written examination in January
4 questions
Answer all questions

Coursework 20%
Computer analysis of structures

Virtual Learning Environment How to pass H22INS

with flying colours
Course materials will be available on Moodle 1. DO do your revision examples. Revise method. Solve.
Check. Redo if necessary. Ask me if you are stuck.
PowerPoint slides 2. DO NOT look at the solutions and say: e p , I know
how to do that! and leave it. Show yourself that you DO.
Lecture notes
Coursework details etc.
3. DO do the exercise questions (similar to above: DO NOT
look at the .. and say: ...)
There is also the: 4. DO NOT look at the handouts for future lectures and say
H22INS forum Q&A and discussions . and do not attend. I cannot give private lectures at
later dates. I do take attendance at every lecture.
5. Learn to love the subject! It is fantastic to be able to use
simple principles to solve complex structures

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How to pass H22INS (2) Sign Convention- Follows right-hand rules

y

v (shear disp.)
My and
(Minor axis moment
External
Understand the principles (equilibrium, virtual work, ) and rotation)
Loading positive
direction follows convention:
the same rules as
forces
Load, forces and
Mz and
(Major axis displacements
moment and
(bending about z)
Apply them correctly rotation)
rd
isp
.)
ea Mx and
z (sh
W (Torsion and twist)

z axis
to cross-
u (axi
Master sign convention. Sign convention. Sign Right-hand rules
section height al di
sp.)
x axis along
convention. x element

y
What else? M M M M
S S S S
N N N N x
Negative side; Positive side;
Cut Forces are Forces are Cut
positive but positive and same
Internal forces opposite direction direction as those
in right-hand rule (Adapted from Megson 2005)
as those in right-
hand rule

z
x
Z
Signs in 2D (translations and rotations) Convention for diagrams y
M ! M Mz
S S x
N N
! Vy
Negative side of cut Positive side of cut
Axial force in the negative axis
y
Axial force in the positive axis

z direction

Positive moment causes tension

direction Sign convention of
forces in xy plane
at the bottom (Sagging). (Right hand rule)

Mz The convention is to draw the

-ve load

x My bending moment with the

x positive downwards!
A B
Illustrative deflected shape
This is also called: drawing the
Sign convention moment on the tension side of
the beam.
Vy Tension at top

Vz The resulting diagrams tends

Hogging moment

then to approximate the shape

of the actual deflected shape
and they do provide a means Moment
for quickly checking where is +ve Tension at bottom
Vy My the tension
Sagging moment

Mz x Shear is drawn above the line

x when the moment slope is
negative (or simply draw the
positive downward!) Shear
+ve
Vz
Sign convention Note: Convention might differ (in appearance) from 1st years (the y-axis being downward). Its adoption, however, is
necessary as it is what is used in standard software packages (you will use later), in the codes, and in practice.
z
y So always apply signs in accordance with your chosen axis system using the right hand rule. Results will always be exactly
the same.