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Peter Riddell
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Q9:5 Q2:256
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Q53:1-12: Muh. stakes claim to authority as the Consolidating claims of the Messenger
Messenger of Allah
The Quran is nothing less than a revelation that is sent
Muhammad aligned with previous prophets
to him. [The Prophets] own heart did not distort what (21:41, 25:4-6)
he saw. Are you going to dispute with him what he saw Muhammad responds to the rejecters
with his own eyes?
Role of the Messenger is to call all to the Significant space devoted to reassuring
message of the revealed Quran Muhammad, as opposition built up
Sura 112 encapsulates the faith that Muhammad was
calling his audience to embrace: Say, He is God the One,
God the eternal. He begot no one nor was He begotten.
No one is comparable to Him.
repeatedly told to give warning to the unbelievers
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Doctrine of jihad through battles and wars Doctrine of jihad through battles and wars
sura 8 (battle of Badr), Specific instructions:
believers can incur the wrath of God in hell if
sura 47, sura 3 (battle of Badr and Uhud), they flee from a disbeliever while in battle (8:16);
sura 59, sura 33 (Battle of the Trench), struggling for Gods cause is listed as one
sura 48, and sura 9 (preparations for the ingredient for inheriting Gods forgiveness (8:74);
expeditions to Tabuk) there is a high rank and tremendous reward
for those who take part in striving in Gods way
(4:95-96);
while in battle, God does not protect those who
prayinstructions are given to have some stand
guard while others pray (4:101-103)
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message that works without belief are Even Satan and false gods will renounce
fruitless (Q18:103-105) disbelievers on Judgement Day
Character of believer irreproachable They will take full responsibility for their
(Q25:63ff) unbelief and disobedience
Believers show gratitude to God; disbelievers
do not
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For first time, Muhammad understands his This new religion replaces the old Scriptures; Q28:49;
Q39: 27-28
beliefs as a new religion (Q45:16-19): We gave scripture, wisdom, and
prophethood to the Children of Israel; We provided
them with good things and favoured them above
others; We gave them clear proof in matters [of
religion]. They differed among themselves out of
mutual rivalry, only after knowledge came to them:
on the Day of Resurrection your Lord will judge
between them regarding their differences. Now We
have set you [Muhammad] on a clear religious path,
so follow it. Do not follow the desires of those who
lack [true] knowledgethey cannot help you against
God in any way.
Positive Delineation: Islam as separate faith Negative delineation: Views of Jews &
Sura 2 speaks of direction of prayer (v.142-149), Christians less favourable
fasting (v.183-187), fighting (v.190-194, 216-
218), pilgrimage (v.196-203), suffering (v.214- Messenger no longer appeals to J & C
215), gambling (v.219-220), orphans (v.220), Rather establishes practices that delineate M
marriage with disbelievers (v.221), menstruation from J & C
(v.222), sex (v.223), taking oaths(v224-227), Q2:144: Qibla introduced
divorce (v.228-232), breastfeeding (v.233),
widows (v.234), refugees (v.243), and giving Q2:183: Ramadan
(v.261-281). Q2:197: guidance on pilgrimage
ceremonial cleanliness is addressed thoroughly Later Medinan verses give instructions on
throughout. (Women, 43)
eating, praying, other codes of conduct
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