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Early-warning System Needed - new approaches of remote sounding, with special em-
An important problem to be solved is accomplishment phasis on retrievals of atmospheric aerosol properties
and substantiation of an early-warning system for the entire and hydrooptical parameters (concentration of phyto-
SPR. From the viewpoint of the sustainable development plankton, suspended matter, and dissolved organic
of the region, the highest priority problems are the follow- matter), developed and verified on the basis of com-
ing: bined in situ and satellite {i.e. SeaWiFS*) observations;
3-D dynamic photochemical numerical models to
1) accomplishment and substantiation of an optimal simulate minor gas components' dynamics (a priority is
environmental monitoring system for the SPR, based on surface ozone), as well as aerosol transformation and
the application of both in situ and remote-sensing observ- transport in the atmospheric boundary layer, verified by
ation data; comparison with combined in situ and remote-sensing
2) numerical simulation modelling of land-use and observations.
water-resources exploitation under conditions of increas-
ing anthropogenic loads; The eventual aim of the above Project is substantiation
and accomplishment of an early-warning system concern-
3) studies of anthropogenically-influenced cycles of ing dangerous levels of pollutants in the atmosphere and
matter and energy for various natural systems and the natural waters (including assessments of transboundary
whole SPR, as well as changes in the chemical composition transport). Such a system may be used for environmental
of the environment under the impact of such processes as management purposes.
pollution, acidification, salinization, erosion, deforest-
ation, and eutrophication; REFERENCES
4) assessments of stability limits for various eco-
GORE, A. (1993). Earth in the Balance: Ecology and Human Spirit.
systems subject to anthropogenic impact; and PLUME, New York, NY, USA: 408 pp.
5) influence of environmental degradation on human KONDRATYEV, K.Y., DANILOV-DANILYAN, V.I., DONCHENKO, V.K. &
health. LOSEV, K.S. (1993). Ecology and Politics. RAS, St Petersburg,
A special place belongs to problems of atmospheric and Russia: 286 pp. (in Russian).
sea pollution. In the case of atmospheric pollution, the aim WEISZACKER, E.U. VON (1994). Earth Politics. Zed Books Ltd,
is to simulate changes in the chemical composition of the London and New Jersey: 243 pp.
urban atmosphere with special emphasis on surface and
KIRILL YAKOVLEVICH KONDRATYEV, Counsellor
tropospheric ozone dynamics in view of its impact on
human health, as well as on atmospheric aerosol transport Research Centre for Ecological Safety
and transformation (including transboundary transport) 18 Korpusnaya Street
resulting from heterogeneous chemical reactions on par- 197042 St Petersburg
ticles. Aerosol dry- and wet-deposition processes deserve Russia,
special attention in the context of toxic pollution of soils &
and waters. Drinking-water and contaminated agricultural OLEG MIKHAILOVICH POKROVSKY, Laboratory Chief
production are practical aspects of the problem. Main Geophysical Observatory
7 Karbysheva Street
Means of Solution? 194018 St Petersburg
Russia.
Towards solving the above-mentioned problems, the
following means will be tested:
- techniques of regional-scale optimal planning-observ- * In answer to our query about this, Academician Kondratyev
ing systems based on combined utilization of in situ and explained (in litt.) that is 'is the title of an instrumentation set
remote-sensing data; intended for measuring the sea colour.' Ed.
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Notes, News & Comments 369
tural heritages is limited to the monuments. Many land- governments and private agencies in India as well as in
scapes and the neighbourhood of the monuments thus fall other countries regarding this subject. Useful critical ana-
outside the purview of the governments' responsibility and, lysis of those steps, and comments on specific guidelines,
as such, are increasingly vulnerable to misuse, damage, should result from this study.
encroachments of commercial activities, and even extinc-
tion in the face of modernization, leading to unrecoverable RAHUL D. PATEL
cultural, social, and environmental, loss. P.G. Programme in Landscape Architecture
At a time when awareness of the need for architectural School of Architecture
conservation is taking root more firmly than hitherto quite Centre for Environmental Planning & Technology
widely in the world, the relevance of landscaping around Navarangpura
historical sites seems destined to gain in importance. The Ahmadabad 380009
undersigned proposes to study the different steps taken by India.
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http:/www.cambridge.org/core/terms. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0376892900033749