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Abstract
Jordan blessed with a various type of renewable energy resources, being located on the Sun Belt is the most
perspicacious and substantial matter. In spite of these facts the energy problem is one of the most frustrating challenges
facing Jordan these days, causing tremendous pressure on the country's economy, obviously the solution lies in reducing
the proportion of the imported fuel for the benefit of exploitation of renewable energy sources.
Street lighting is a vital sector in any country growth. This vital sector represents 2% of annual electricity consumption
in Jordan. This paper will introduce feasibility study for the installation photovoltaic cells in street lighting for existing
and futuristic project as a step toward solving the problem facing this sector. The study shows that photovoltaic is
feasible for futuristic due to minimizing the work frame time and the cost required for the infrastructure.
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Figure 2: The number of traffic accidents in the last three years in Jordan [4].
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This study aims to give an alternative option in street lighting lighting projects are cost effective investment in securing
in Jordan by introducing a comparison between solar powered tomorrows energy at todays prices as well as going a
LED street lighting for new road project and existing ones, in long way to offsetting the effect of global warming [8].
addition to determining the feasibility of these projects. The
economic feasibility of the solar powered roadway lighting
using LED luminaries 110 W for 2 km Naur highway is 3. Description of solar powered LED lighting fixture
studied; the highest solar irradiation is 8.31kWh/m/day and A stand-alone design was advised by ministry of housing and
average maximum ambient temperature is 32C while the public works which applies to the required specifications of the
average minimum temperature is 14C. Figure (3) shows the standard high pressure sodium street lighting design main
monthly solar irradiation for Naur highway. specification are presented in table (1). The solar panel unit is a
monocrystalline solar panel which has the advantage of better
efficiency in low light conditions.
2. Literature Review
A comparative analysis on economics of street lighting 4. Economic analysis of LED and solar powered LED
powered by public electricity utility and solar energy in Nigeria
was carried out by (Tsado and Ganiyu, 2012) [5]; the result The present paper studied the economic feasibility of the solar
showed that, the initial cost of installing solar energy for stand- powered street lighting using LED luminaires for 2 km
alone street lighting is N 6,402/hr which is more expensive highway 40 m apart. Tables (2) presents an economic
than using public electricity utility with a cost of N 2,508.9/h. comparison for three kinds of street lighting projects, namely,
However, over a period of 20 years such projects become solar power LED for existing projects, solar powered LED for
new projects and conventional high pressure sodium street
feasible. The feasibility emphasizes the need to supplement
lighting projects is carried out. Each unit of solar powered LED
and eventually replace the existing conventional street street lighting system includes a two 300 Wp PV modules, four
lighting powered by electricity from public utility. 100 Ah12 V batteries, and two 110W LED lighting fixture.
Recently many studies had been made on the feasibility Table (2) shows that the installation cost is 134.250 thousand
JOD for LED lighting powered by grid and 126.200 thousand
of introducing photovoltaic to the lighting sector. Wu,
JOD for solar-powered. The total installation cost of high
etal. (2009) [6] investigated the design of the solar- pressure sodium grid-powered street lighting is 110.250
powered LED roadway lighting using high-power LED thousand JOD. The excess cost of LED mainly comes from the
luminaries (100 W) and estimated the installation cost cost of LED lamp and solar PV. But, the cost of electrical
for a 10 km highway with 2 lanes. This solar-powered power generation and electrical transmission components can
LED roadway lighting system can save 75% lighting be greatly reduced since more than 50% of energy was saved
energy as compared to the mercury lamp. The payback using LED. Table (3) shows that the payback period for the
time for the excess investment of the whole lighting excess investment of LED is 7.2 years for LED using grid
system is 3.3 years for high-power LED using solar- power and 3.15 years for LED using solar power. This result
shows the solar-powered roadway LED lighting is
powered.
economically feasible for new road projects.
Rizaho, China is a solar powered city. In addition to 99%
of households in the central district, most of traffic Table (1): Solar street lighting specifications
signals and street lights are powered by photovoltaic.
Description value
The achievement was the result of an unusual
convergence of three key factors: a supportive
Minimum luminous at mid line of the street 18 lux
government policy, local solar industries that seized the
opportunity, and strong political will among the city's
Lamp efficacy [lm/W] 72
leadership. In addition, government buildings and homes
of city leaders were the first to have the panels installed
Lighting power per lamp [W] 110
[7].
In 2003, ten solar powered grid tied street lamps in south Operating temperature of the lamp [C] -20 - 50
Wales, UK mainland where designed and installed by
SolarGen Solutions. Excess power generated by the Power of one solar panel [W] 250
system is sold back for use by other customers. The
annual energy supplied to the grid and the consumed Pole hight [m] 12
energy were monitored. The objective of the project was
to compare the consumption saving with the predicted No. of heads on each pole 2
35% increase in electricity cost. It was found that street
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Figure 4: Accumulated saved costs as a result of installing stand-alone PV systems as a function of years for different values of inflation rate
in electricity prices.
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Table (4) shows that the payback period for the excess Applying the same inflation rates to the increase in the
investment on existing road projects of LED is 6.76 years for price of grid electricity and maintenance cost, leads to a
LED using grid power and 24.92 years for LED using solar reduction in the payback period to 24 years, 22 years, 20
power. This result shows the solar-powered roadway LED years, 18 years and 17 years for the inflation rates of 1 to
lighting is not economically feasible for existing road 4% consequently.
projects.
Taking into account the continuous increase in fossil fuels
Figure (4) shows a Solar Powered LED system for existing prices and the decrease in photovoltaic technology prices,
Roads. The payback period of this system which is about Photovoltaic will be a viable futuristic alternative.
26 years in case of zero inflation rate in the cost of the grid
electricity over the life time of photovoltaic system.
Table (4): Naur street economic analysis for existing road projects
Economic analysis
Yearly energy savings, JOD ($US)/yr Base 2,044 (2,889.86) 3,650 (5,160.47)
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5. Conclusion References
Photovoltaic systems have been commercially available for [1] Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Annual
quite some time. The present study investigated the feasibility Report, 2011. Haik, Y: Engineering Design Process.
of the solar-powered LED street lighting using LED luminaire Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole, 2003.
100 W. [2] Al-Salaymeh A., Al-Hamamre Z., Sharaf F. and
This solar-powered LED street lighting system can save 50% Abdelkader M.R. (2010), Technical and economical
of lighting energy as compared to the high pressurized sodium assessment of the utilization of photovoltaic systems
lamp. in residential buildings: The case of Jordan, Energy
Conversion and Management 51, 17191726
The payback period for the additional investment of new road
projects lighting system is 7.2 years for grid powered LED and [3] http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvgis/apps4/pvest.php?map
3.15 years for solar powered LED and ranges from 6.76 to =africa&lang=en#
24.92 years for existing road projects. Therefore, the solar [4] Public security Diractrate command and control
powered LED lighting system is economically feasible in center (2013).
considering the payback time and the lifetime for new road
projects. [5] Tsado J. and Ganiyu M.A. (2012), Engineering
economics of solar based street lighting in Nigeria,
Journal of economics and engineering, 3(1), 13-16.
Acknowledgments
[6] Wu M.S., Huang H.H., Huang B.J., Tang C.W. and
The authors wish to thank the Ministry of Housing and Public Cheng C.W.(2009), Economic feasibility of solar-
Works and the Great Amman Municipality for their support. powered led roadway lighting, Renewable Energy,
34, 19341938.
Also, the following privet companies for their corporation in
this study: [7] Xuemei B. (2007), RIZHAO, CHINA: Solar-
Powered City, World Watch, 20(2), 31.
Super Solar for Energy and Engineering,
[8] Power Engineer (2003), Page:7.
Philadelphia Solar
[9] Ministry of Public Works and Housing Jordan
Shamsi Alsateah for Alternative Energy Solutions.
[10] Great Amman Municipality.
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