Reform Movements Era

Causes of Reform Era

Rise of democracy: More groups, like __________________and blacks, organized to raise public awareness and influence
__________________.

Second Great Awakening: Religious ________________________ that spread westward during early 1800s
o Message: traveling ____________________ spread a message of repentance from evil ways of living (laziness,
drunkenness, slavery, etc.)
o Impact: Methodist and __________________________ church membership soared
New groups like the __________________________ began
Many Americans became involved in ______________________ movements; empowered the
______________________.

_______________________: Continued to emphasize ____________________ and fought for rights of underrepresented. (as they
always had)
o Contributions: abolition, temperance, womens rights.

Changing Role of Women: Industrial ________________________ brought women together through factory jobs
o Middle and upper class women ____________________________ social functions to support reform movements.
o Looking for _____________________ and ____________________________ opportunities outside the home

Movement Purpose Significant People Impact

Education Build more free public schools
Most had little formal Pay teachers higher salaries
education Educate more children
Teachers were poorly Paid for by taxpayers so poor
trained and paid and working class children
could attend
Public schools opened (mostly in
Horace Mann North)
(education is the great Churches and other groups
equalizer). privately funded grade schools
and colleges
Public education still did not
become widespread until the 20th
century
Labor Improve working conditions Women Labor unions established
Industrial Revolution Especially in factories Children Some states begin 10-hour work
Thousands of unskilled Immigrants day
workers Labor unions Unskilled workers still exploited
Work was long, loud, Working class More labor reforms in the 20th
and unsafe century
Wages were low

Movement Purpose Significant People Impact

Prison Improve conditions Dorothea Dix Separate prisons for women, men,
Prisons were disease- Rehabilitation of prisoners Eliza Farnham and children
ridden Especially women and Shifted from punishment to
Debtors often housed children rehabilitation
with murderers and
thieves
No rehabilitation
Poor food quality
Guards beat prisoners
severely
Care for Disabled Improved care for mentally ill Dorothea Dix Established mental asylums
Mentally ill often Education of people with Thomas Gallaudet Schools for deaf/blind
imprisoned disabilities Louis Braille Braille alphabet for blind
Considered dangerous to Sign language for deaf
society
Blind/deaf often
neglected by society
Temperance Outlaw the sale and Women Some states banned alcohol
Concern about the consumption of alcohol The 18th Amendment banned
damaging effects of alcohol nationwide in the 1920s
drunkenness on families,
communities, and
individuals.
 Reform Movements Era
Womens Rights Gain suffrage, among other Lucretia Mott Seneca Falls Convention resulted
Women held little or no rights Elizabeth Cady Stanton in the Declaration of Sentiments
power Equality with men Susan B. Anthony document
Could not vote Sojourner Truth Called for women to have equal
Limits on property William Lloyd Garrison rights with men
ownership Frederick Douglass Built momentum that led to
Often denied public womens suffrage in 1920
speaking
Abolition To end slavery Frederick Douglass Underground Railroad
Century-long effort to Harriet Tubman Uncle Toms Cabin, North Star,
end the institution of Sojourner Truth The Liberator
slavery Harriet Beecher Stowe Speeches and conventions led to
Strongly resisted by the Women growing support for abolition in the
South Quakers North
William Lloyd Garrison 13th amendment passed in 1865
John Brown
Grimke Sisters