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This document discusses the physical properties and changes of matter. It defines matter as anything that takes up space and has mass, and is made up of atoms. There are three main states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas. Physical properties like density, boiling point, melting point and solubility can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. Physical changes alter the appearance of a substance but do not change its chemical composition. Separation methods like filtration and distillation rely on physical properties and changes.
This document discusses the physical properties and changes of matter. It defines matter as anything that takes up space and has mass, and is made up of atoms. There are three main states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas. Physical properties like density, boiling point, melting point and solubility can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. Physical changes alter the appearance of a substance but do not change its chemical composition. Separation methods like filtration and distillation rely on physical properties and changes.
This document discusses the physical properties and changes of matter. It defines matter as anything that takes up space and has mass, and is made up of atoms. There are three main states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas. Physical properties like density, boiling point, melting point and solubility can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. Physical changes alter the appearance of a substance but do not change its chemical composition. Separation methods like filtration and distillation rely on physical properties and changes.
Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.
Examples include: air, trees, water, paper, computers, etc. Matter is not energy, time, thoughts, sunlight, electricity, sound, memories and other things that do not take up mass or have volume. The smallest particle of matter is an atom. They are the basic building blocks of all matter. Atoms are made of particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Elements, Molecules, and Compounds An element made up of only one type of atom. It is the simplest form of matter. Elements are pure substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means. There are 118 elements arranged in the periodic table of elements. 92 of these elements are natural. A molecule forms when two or more atoms join by chemical bonds. A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements joined by chemical bonds. All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds. Examples: It takes two oxygen atoms to form a molecule of oxygen (O2). A water molecule is formed with one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms (H2O). Because there are two different elements, a water molecule is also a compound. Physical Properties
Defined as a property that can be observed without changing the identity of
the substance Most common properties: States Density Boiling point Melting point Solubility States Solid Particles are tightly packed together vibrating about a fixed position. Definite shape and definite volume Liquid Particles are tightly packed together yet far enough to slide past one another. Indefinite shape and definite volume Gas Particles are very far apart and move Freely. Indefinite shape and indefinite volume Density
The amount of matter in something is called mass.
Volume is the amount of space something takes up. Density is the quantity per unit volume (compactness of a substance). When molecules of matter are more tightly packed together, the density is greater. When molecules of matter are spread far apart, the density is less. Boiling & Melting Point Boiling point is the temperature at Melting point is the temperature at which a liquid boils and turns into gas. which a solid melts and turns into a liquid. Water: 100C Water: 0C Iron: 2862C Iron: 1538C Mercury: 357C Mercury: -39C Nitrogen: -196C Nitrogen: -210C Solubility The property of being able to dissolve (soluble) Solute: substance that is dissolved in another substance Solvent: ability to dissolve other substances, typically water Solution (solute + solvent) is homogeneous, meaning it appears as a single substance.
Solute: lemon juice & sugar
Solvent: water Solution lemonade Other Examples Include Viscosity: resistance to flow Water has low viscosity Honey has high viscosity Conductivity: ability to allow heat to flow Metal has high conductivity Wood has poor conductivity Malleability: ability to be hammered into a thin sheet Separation Methods
Physical properties are used to separate mixtures.
Two common methods: Filtration: process that separates materials based on the size of their particles Distillation: process that separates substances in a solution based on their boiling points Physical Changes A change on the appearance without changing the composition of the material Occurs when the appearance of a substance changes, but chemically the substance is the same Can be reversible or irreversible Physical changes could include a change in: Texture, shape, size, color, odor, volume, mass, weight, and density Examples Include Evaporation Molding a clay ball Freezing liquid to a solid Dissolving Tearing Changing size/shape Melting Cutting Shredding Mixing