Solubility Unit Review

1. Complete the following table.

Type of Particle Size Settles Out? Uniform Scatters Light? Example
Mixture Properties?
Solution

Suspension

Colloid

2. Because particle size is so ________________, _______________________ cannot be used to separate

the components of a solution. Instead techniques like distillation and chromatography are used.
a) Describe how distillation could be used to separate a solution of acetone and ethanol. Be sure to describe
the basis upon which this separation technique works, the equipment needed, and the results expected and
why. (see p76 in your text)

b) Describe how chromatography could be used to separate a solution of dyes in ink. Be sure to describe the
basis upon which this separation technique works and the equipment needed. (see p77 in your text)

3. Consider a saturated solution of FeCl3 at 25oC.

a) Write the dissociation equation for this salt. ______________________________________________

b) Calculate H for the reaction above and then add the energy term to the equation above.
 c) Calculate S for the reaction above. Does the calculated S agree with what you would have predicted? If
so, why? If not, why not. Draw a molecular level picture to help explain what is happening?

d) Calculate G for this reaction. Is the dissolving of PbSO4 thermodynamically favoured at 25oC? Does this
agree with your solubility rules? Explain.

4. Consider a saturated solution of PbSO4 at 25oC.

a) Write the dissociation equation for this salt. ______________________________________________

b) Calculate H for the reaction above and then add the energy term to the equation above.

c) Calculate S for the reaction above. Does the calculated S agree with what you would have predicted?

d) Calculate G for this reaction. Is the dissolving of PbSO4 thermodynamically favoured at 25oC? Does this
agree with your solubility rules? Explain.

e) Calculate K for this reaction. Compare K to Ksp.

5. a) How does increasing the temperature affect the solubility of a gas in water? ______________________

b) Write the equation showing the dissolving of nitrogen gas in water to form a saturated solution and include
the energy term.

c) Predict the signs of G, H, and S for the dissolving of nitrogen. ______________________________

d) Predict the effect of decreasing pressure on the solubility of nitrogen in H 2O and explain using Le
Chateliers principle.

e) The solubility of nitrogen in water at 0oC and 0.790 atm is 8.21 x 10-4 M. What is the solubility of nitrogen
at 0oC at 0.500 atm?

6. Write equations to show the systems that exist when the following compounds are dissolved in water.
a) C12H22O11(s) saturated b) Ca3(PO4)2(s) unsaturated

7. a) List the following salts from most to least soluble: AgI, CuI, CaSO 4 ____________________________

b) How did you decide on the order above? _________________________________________________

c) Why cant you use the same reasoning to compare the solubilities of Cu(IO 3)2, AgIO3?

d) Which is more soluble Cu(IO3)2 or AgIO3? Prove by calculation.

8. Sometimes you will have to rely on general solubility knowledge as well as the Ksp table to answer a question.
For example: Rank the following salts in order of increasing [S2-]: CuS, ZnS, FeS, CaS

9. Rank the following solutions from the one in which Mg(OH) 2 is most soluble (1) to the one in which it is least
soluble (4).

a) 0.1 M NaCl ________ b) 0.1 M HCl ________ c) 0.1 M Sr(OH)2 ______ d) 0.1 M MgCl2 _______

10. a) Consider the equilibrium for a saturated solution of CaF 2: CaF2(s) + E Ca2+(aq) + 2F-(aq)
Complete the table below to show the effect of the following stresses on the parameters given.
(Ksp of CaF2 = 3.5 x 10-11 and Ksp of SrF2 = 4.3 x 10-9)
Stress Amt of CaF2 [Ca2+] [F-] Shift Rate Ksp
Add 1mol
CaCl2

Add 1 mol
SrCl2

Add 1 mol
CaF2

Increase
Temperature

b) Draw graphs to show the changes that occur when the following stresses are applied.
i) 1mol CaCl2 added ([ ] vs time) ii) 1mol CaF2 added (rate vs time)

[] Rate

Time Time
11. Write the formula, complete and net ionic equations for the reaction between cobalt II sulphate and lithium
carbonate.

12. Calculate the individual ion concentration and the total ion concentration for each of the following:
a) 150.0 mL of 0.850 M CuCl2 diluted to 600.0 mL

b) 25.0 mL of 0.380 M NH4Br mixed with 75.0 mL of 0.120 M (NH4)2SO4

c) 80.0 mL of 0.66 M NaOH mixed with 40.0 mL of 1.26 M Cu(NO 3)2

13. Will a precipitate form when:

a) 0.20 M solutions of Na2CO3 and MgCl2 are mixed?

b) 750.0 mL of 4.00 x 10-4 M Fe(NO3)3 and 300.0 mL of 2.00 x 10-3 M KOH are mixed?
 c) equal volumes of 0.0025 M Pb(NO3)2 and 0.0030 M NaBr are mixed?

14. The solubility of Bi2S3 is 5.14 x 10-14 g/100 mL at 25oC. Calculate Ksp.

15. Calculate the solubility of Cu(IO3)2 at 25oC.

16. Calculate the [F-] in a saturated solution of SrF2 at 25oC.

17. a) Calculate the solubility of Mg(OH)2 in 0.025 M NaOH.

 b) Is Mg(OH)2 more or less soluble in NaOH than in water? Explain.

18. A maximum of 0.75 g of Sr(NO3)2 can be added to 1.2 L of NaF solution without forming a precipitate. What is
the [NaF]?

19. In order to determine the concentration of lead ion in a solution a student titrated a 25.00 mL sample with
0.080 M NaCl solution. The following results were obtained:
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Initial Volume Buret (mL) 0.23 1.85 0.02
Final Volume Buret (mL) 27.67 29.23 27.38
Amount Dispensed (mL)

Determine the concentration of the lead ion in the solution.

20. a) What ions are responsible for water hardness? ____________________________________________

b) What are three effects of water hardness?

c) How do you soften:

Permanently Hard Water? Temporarily Hard Water?
21. Indicate the salts you would add and the order in which you would add them in order to determine if a mixture
contained Ag+, Ni2+, or Ca2+. Write net ionic equations for any precipitates that might form.

22. A 1.500 g mixture of NaOH and Sr(OH)2 was dissolved in water then CuNO3 was added to precipitate out the
OH-. If the total mass of the precipitate was 2.418 g, what was the percent by mass of NaOH in the original
mixture?