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THE MYSTERIES

AND SECRETS OF

MAGIC
 TIIK SORCKRKRS

Fr " u,, :"'"; I,r> lJtJ a,, ,/u"' Gri'"0 XVI unflrJ'.
 E ONT FNT S

EHAPTFR I
FAO&

THE GENESIS OF MAGIC-MAGIC AND RELIGION I

EHAPTFR II

SUPERNATURAL BEINGS w

EHAPTFR III

THE CULT OF MAGIC-THE MAGI AND THEIR

MYSTERIES

EHAPTFR I

BABYLONIAN AND ASSYRIAN MAGIC 66

EHAPTER V

MAGIC IN ANCIENT EGYPT

EHAPTFR VI

ANCIENT JEWISH MAGIC-THE KABBALA e1

 CONeENTS

CHi[LEp II
ca

GREEK AND ROMAN MAGIC 74

CHiPLEp VIII
CELTIC, ARAB, SLAV AND TEUTONIC MAGIC 85

CHiPLEp IX
tDe CHINE AND JAPANESE MAGIC 6

CHmPLEp X

NECROMANCY-SORCERY-PACTS WITH THE DEVIL 108

CHi[LEp XI

WITCHCRAFT-DMONOLOGY II8

CH [LE XII
'
WITCHES OINTMENTS 133

CHmPLE XIII
"
tHE LAC MA))-tHE 1IA)) OF ST SECAIRE- Tilw
OAT " 167

CHmPLEp l

DIVINAIN
 CONTENTS

CA[LEp XV 'ACR

THE MAGIC CRYSTAL-CRYSTAL GAZING r

CHm[LEp XI
HOM THE MAGIC CIRCLES AND PENTACLES MERE MADE I 57

CHi[LEp XVII
PER~UMES USED IN MAGIC

CHm[LEp XVIII
MAGICAL NUMBERS

CHm[LEp XIX
MAGICAL TALISMANS r8 r

CG[LEp XX
MAGICA RIGS

CG[LEp XXI
.AGFC FN JEWELS

CHm[LEp XXII
LOVE ANt MAGFC d
 CONMENMP

CHGPy p XXIII
r.c:

RECORDS OF MAGIC FROM THE l;OURTH TO THE

FIFTEENTH CENTURY.

CHGPyEp XXIV
" CLAVICLE "
THE OR KEY OF SOLOMON -RITES
,
CEREMONIES AND MYSTERIES OF CON J URATION
..w

CHG[TEp XXV
"THE NINE TOMES OF MAGIC"-" rHE DOOKE OF

"
HIDDEN PHILOSOPHY -" THE DOOE OF THE
"
SEVEN IMAGES

CHG[TEp XXVI

THE GRIMOIRES OR HANDBOOKS OF DLACK MAGIC . 56

CHGPyp XX 00

SOME REMARKADLE MAGICAL MANUSCRIPTS-SPELLS

AND CURSES 26.

CHGPyEp XX ee

SOME ELIZADETHAN MAGICIANS-DR J OHN DEE-

"
EDWARD KELLY-cc THE BOOK OF MYSTERY
.76
 OTyTS

CHAPTER XXIX
'
MAGIC IN SHAKESPEARE S PLAYS

CHAPTER XXX
'
HERDS OF .MYSTERY AND THE DEVIL-THE WITCH S

BROOM

CHAPTER XXXI

SURVIVALS OF WITCHCRAFT AND MAGIC IN MODERN

TIMES 6 4

DIDLIOGRAPHY 6 I

INDEX 617
 LISL O ILLSLAfeONS

THE SORCERERS rliie

JACIIG PAGa

MAGICIAN CALLING UP A DEVIL 70

THE WITCH OP ENDOR 70

POWERS OP EVIL I 10

THEUTUS, ASMODEUS AND INCUBUS I 10

THE DEVIL AND EVIL ANGELS PESIDING AT A SADDATII 110

A WITCH AND HER "FAMILIARS" .d

A WITCH SURROUNDED DY FAMILIARS AND STRANGE
APPARITIONS .
THE DIVINE SEAL I86

THE EARL OP PET.RDOROUGH'S MAGIC SEAL I 9d

MAGIC CIRCLE WITH A MAGICIAN NVOKING SPIRITS 230

POWERS OF EVIL, OPHIS ND SPIRIT OP NTICHRIST. 2 58

PORTION OF A MAGICAL SCROLL WRITEN WITH HUMAN

llLOOD 162

FIGURE OF THE GREEN DRAGON EMPLOYED WHEN IN-

VOKING TilE SPIRIT DIRTO 262

DR DEE'S "SHEW STONE" OR GAZING CRYSTAL 178

. DISCS ENGRAVED WITH MAGICAL FIGURES AND

NAMES, SAID TO HAVE DEEN EMPLOYED DY DR DEE
,
WilEN USING HIS " SllEW S ONE OR MAGIC
CRYSTAL
 LIST OF ILLUSTIATBONS

I THE TE T 'AC!

PREHISTORIC SORCERER 7

A MAGICAL FIGURE d9
TilE METTERNICII STELE 59
JEWISH MAGICAL DIAGRAM, SHOWING THE SECRET SEAL

OF SOLOMON

'
SOLOMON S SEAL

TEN NAMES 01' GOJ

HEDREW LIGATURE
" "
DRAWING DOWN THE MOON

A MAGICIAN OR SORCERER STANDING IN THE MAGIC

CIRCLE PERFORMING A CONJURATION I I4

A MAGICIAN OR SORCERER STANDING IN THE MAGIC

CIRCLE INVOKING SPIRITS

ST PATRICK AND THE DEVIL 1.

WITCHES IN FLIGHT 1..

A DlSllOP EXORCIZING A DEMON

WITCHES MAKING THEIR MAGIC UNGUENT I 3d

"
THE TRUE SIZE AND FORM OF THE CRYSTAL, WHICH

MUST DE SET IN PURE GOLD " I 5.

'
MAGICIAN S SPADE AND CRYSTAL I 53

CIRCLE USED -OR CH. ST,\L GAZING I 5

MAGIC CIRCLE I 59
MAGIC CIRCLE I 6
MAGIC CIRCLE AND PENTACLES FOR TilE CRYSTAL I 62
A MAGIC CRCLE AND PENTACLE "0 DE WORN WHEN

USING IT I 04
" "
A MAGIC CIRCLE AND l'ENT ACLE FOR ALL EXPERIMENTS I6 5
 LBPT OF BLLUPT[ TSONP

MAGICAL SEALS TO BE USED AS TALISMANS AGAINST

CERTAIN DISEASES

"THIS TALISMAN ENGRAVED ON BRASS WILL WIN THE

WEARER HEALTH"
183

MICHAEL, TilE ANGEL OF THE SUN 18

SEALS OF THE PLANETS 1 89

"SEALS OF THE DEVIL," DESCRIBED AS VERY POTENT 193

SIMON FORMAN'S MAGIC RING 19

MAGICAL JEWEL I 97

KING SOLOMON'S APPLE, WITH MAGICAL CHAACTERS 209

" A CHARACTER FOR LOVE" 1I4

"FOR A MAIDEN IN PARTICULAR" 214

PENTACLES 117

MAGICAL SEALS FOR INVOKING FIVE SPIRITS 228

CHARACsERt FOR tTAVES AND RODt 13 5

MAGIC CIRCLE AND PENsACLEt USED FOR THE INVOCATION

OF SPIRITS 147

MAGICIAN'S PENTACLE OF GREAT POWER FOR INVOKING

SPIRITS. MAGICIAN'S KNIFE .50

MYSTERIOUS CHARACTERS AND SECRET ALPHABETS .60

CHARACTERS OF EVIL SPIRITS .68

VARIOUS SIGNS ON PAGES 186, 233, .34, 235, .38, . ) , .l1

THx MYETxRIxE AN
ExCRETE F MA IC
 CTAPTER I
THE GENESIS OF MAGIC-MAGIC ND RELIGION

M
AGC has uppn dps,.iupd as shp prptpndpd ars
of influen,rng shp ,ou.se of ptpnss, and of
produ,ing martpllous physr,al phpnompna, by
mpshods )hr,h )p.p suppospd so o)p thpr. pi,A,y so
shpir po)pr of ,omppl-rng shp rnse.tpnsron of suppr
nasurAl berngs, or of b.rnging rnso opprasion somp o,,uls
fo.,p of nasu.pT Thp fundampnsal purposp of magr, )as
shp.pfore in opposision so shp la)s and prin,iplps of
nasu.al phpnompna;
Us has pxp.,rspd a profound inlupn,p upon mankrnd
th.oughous shp agps, and has pithpr formpd pa.s of shp
.pligion of a ,ounty, as in Babylonia and Fgyps, o. has
uppn ,ar.ipd on rn ,onjuncHon )ish rsT
Thp .ooss of thp uplrpf in magi,P as )ith suppr
Stisron, seem to up g.oundpd in fpa., fo. mAn has pvpr
drpAdpd the unkno)n.
Hpgpl remarks ,on,p.ning what he ,Alls she" Rpligion
of Nature," or fear of the powers of asre-of the sun,
of thuntler:orms anl osgp. natural phenomena-it )As
nos the fpa. shAs mighs bp ,allpd .pligious fear, fo. thAs
hAs its seat in f.ppdom. Jhp fpA. of God is a difp.pnt
fear from tha s of the nasu.Al for,psb
Thp p.i eSt magi c ian in An,rpns srmps, uy ,l a i m i ng so
-

be Able to control the powers of shp unsppn deities, thus

worked on the fears and imAginAtion of thp ppoplpT
1
 THE MYSTEUES AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

The inin: of myery, common to mankind among

civilized and uncivilized communities, appears to have
arisen primarily from ignorance or limitation of know
ledge and fear of the unknown future.
These faculties men of greater intelligence than their
fellows soon recognized, and turned belief in the
myerious to their own account.
As the practice of magic meant nterference with the
regular operations of Nature, the magician had ir to
appeal to some deity and propitiate it by prayers, oferings
and perfumes that would render his appeal acceptable,
and. then call in the aid of supernatural powers, good
or evil.
Some authorities are of the opinion that magic was
the primary form of religion ; that it has e.ied among
all peoples and at every period, and that faith in magic
is probably older than a belief in spirits.
The whole dofune of magic, according to Wiedmann,
formed not a part of superStition, but an essential con
situyt of religious faith, wich to a great extent reed
direa:ly on magic and always remained closely bound up
with it.
Oy the other hand, Frazer observes, that in the
e outio of thought, magic, as representing a lower
itelectual ratum, has probably everywhere preceded
rli ioy.
1t has also been suggeSted that in man's emotional
response to his environment, in his interpretation in the
terms of personality of the objects which encumbered
his attention, and in their inveStiture by him with
potentiality, we have the common root of magic and
religion .
.
 MHE GENEPBP OF MAGBC
The praClice of magic involved certain rites which
may be regarded as traditional aCls that embodied the
idea of a wonder-working power, but magical rites not
forming part of an organized cult came to be regarded
by the society concerned as illicit.
"There is but one mythical idea at the back of all
rites," says Wundt; that is, "the idea of the soul, and
from it are generated tluee forms of cult-magic,
fetishism and totcism."
Thus magic in its primary form consited in the sup
posed direCl aCtion of soul on soul, as where the "evil
eye " is dreaded. The secondary form consited in
supposed aClion from a ditance, when the soul inluence
made itself felt by means of a symbol.
As time went on, those of lgher and wiser intelligence
no doubt came to perceive that magical rites, ceremonies
and incantations did not really produce the effets they
were supposed to; and so gradually there came a
separation in the belief. The ignorant rull clung to
superution and faith in magical powers, while the more
intelleClual saw the hand of a power greater than that of
man, and began to see his dependence on a God above
all.
Robertson Smith ates that, it was the community,
and not the inividual, that was sure of the permanent
and unfailing help of its deity, so much so, that, in
purely personal concerns, the ancients were apt to turn
to magical superfutions. Thus man had no right to
enter into private relations with supernatural powers
that might help him at the expense of the community to
which he belonged.
Frazer considers that the principles of thought on
6
 THE MYSTEIIET AND SECE TS OF MAGBC
which mwgic is bwswd wrw: irSt, thwt likw prxducws likw,
which hw cwlls imitativw mwgic, frxm which thw mwgiciwn
wssumwd thwt hw cxuld prxducw wny wffw: hw dwsirwd by
imitwting it; swcxndly, thwt mwgic is cxntwgixus, frxm
which hw infwrrwd that whwtwvwr hw did tx w mwtwriwl
xbjw:, wxuld wfwl: wquwlly thw pwrsxn with whxm thw
xbjw: hwd xncw bwwn in cxntw:, whwthwr it fxrmwd pwrt
xf his bxdy xr nxt.
In prwaicw, thw twx brwnchws wrw xftwn cxmbinwd, tx
which hw givws thw nwmw xf sympwthwtic mwgic, sincw
bxth wssumw thwt things w: xn wwch xthwr at a diStwncw
thrxugh swcrwt sympwthy.
Thw wttwmpt tx injurw xr dwStrxy wn wnwmy by inswrt
ing nwils intx his imwgw in thw bwliwf thwt juSt ws thw
imagw suffwrs sx dxws thw mwn, and thwt whwn it pwrishws
hw muSt diw, is wn inStwncw xf xnw xf thw wwrliwSt fxrms xf
imitwtivw mwgic.
It wws prwctiswd by thw wnciwnt Bwbylxniwns, Egypt
ians, Hindus and xthwr rwcws wt w rwmxtw pwrixd, cxn
inuwd thrxughxut thw Middlw Agws, wnd is wmplxywd
wmxng thw mwgicwl prwCticws xf mwny bwrbwric rwcws wt
thw prwswnt dwy.
Thw swmw form xf chwrm wws wlsx prwCtiswd fxr w mxrw
bwnwvxlwnt purpxsw, to gwin thw lovw xr wfTwetixn xf
a pwrsxn. As thw wwz igurw mwltwd bwfxrw w firw, sx
thw hwwrt xf thw individual dwsirwd yws suppxswd tx bw
sxftwnwd wnd his lxvw xbtwinwd.
Cxntagixus mwgic is shxwn in thw mwgical sympathy
which wws bwliwvwd tx wxiSt bwtwewn w pwrsxn wnd wny
pxrtixn xf his bxdy, such ws thw hwir, twwth xr nwils.
Thw idwa that whxwvwr gwinwd pxsswssixn xf such
things mwy wxrk his will upxn thw pwrsxn frxm whxm
4
 eHE GENEPBP OF MAGIC
Shed were Saken, aS and diStance, is one of consideragle
anShquiSd.
The oed cuStom of peacing an exSra:ed SooSh in a
hoee where i S could be found gd a raS or mouse, in She
hope ShaS, Shrough sdmpaShd, She personqs oSher SeeSh
mighS acquire She same excellence as Shose of She rodenS,
progabed originaSed in Sllis beliefj tn She oSher hand,
an exSra:ed SooSh was someSimes Shrown on She .re so
ShaS no one should ind and keep iS and so work magical
power on She p erson So whom i S originaled beeonged.
AnoSher example of conSagtous magzc is evidenced
in She anchenS beeief ShaS Shere is 9 connexion between a
wounded person and She weapon ShaS caused She wound,
and ShaS whaS mad be done So She agenS will correspond
inged afe: She injurd.
Plind sads : " If dou have ounded a man and are sorrf
for iS, dou have onld So spiS on She hand ShaS gave She
wound and She pazn of She sufferer will ceasej"
Francis Bacon Shus aeludes So Shis belief: " I S i s con
StanSld received and avouched, ShaS She anoinSing of She
weapon which makeSh She wound wile heal She wound
iSseef."
Teus prarice was revhved iO t he seventeenth cenSury bd
Sir Kenelm Di who Dr \IaeScr ChareSon descrhges
as "a noble person, who atF uil up Fis reasO to so
SranscendenS a hehgF of knoweedge, as mad seem noS
much beneath She tate of man n innocence."
kis Sheord, " Souchin tFe cure of wounds gd She
powder of sdmpaShd,p was deehvered aS greaS eength ge
fore an assemgld of nogees and eearned men aS vfonS
peelier.
Diggd's " SdmpaShetic Powder," wich was appeied
'
 MHE MYSMEIBES AND SECIEMS OF MAGBC
to the weapon that caused the wound, consHted of
copper sulphate in powder, prepared when the sun
entered the sign of Leo.
It is probable that the professional magician was
originally one who, in the course of the evolution of
society by birth, tudy and practice, acquired a powerful
inluence over is fellows. The prieSt by similar means,
or by prayer and fafting, obtained the favour of the
imaginary personages believed to inluence or control
the afairs of men, and thus the union of the prie
magidan was probably fundamental. The magician
always supplicated a power greater than his own, thus
the help of the gods was invoked by incantation, and so
magic and religion were again associated.
From the primiive rock carvings found in the Trois
Freres cave near St Girons, Ariege, in France, there is
some evidence of the praaice of magic by preiStoric
man. There Breuil discovered in a little chamber at the
end of a long cave, the walls of wich are covered with
engravings on the. rock, the igure of a man, masked,
with antlers, as a ag with a tail, which doinated
all the others.
" Close by this igure and equally prominent in the
chamber below, is a kind of natural pulpit accessible
from behin , whence it is thought the magician or
sorcerer officiated."
If such was the case, the dim and mySterious sur
roundings of the cave mu have helped to inluence the
minds of those who witnessed is proceedings.
With reference to the use of a Stag's hide in this
figure, it is intereSting to note the Story of the witch of
Berkeley in the early part of the twelfth century, related
6
 lHE GENESBS OF i1AGI C
uy Wr--rat nf Ia-tequuvT He Ntateq, that when myrng,
qhe ueggem the tnnkq anm hes thi-msen whn wese with
hes, "tn ew hes unmv rn the hrme nf a NtagM then p-ace
rt rn a Ntnne tnlfm anm faNten rn the tntesrng wrth -ead
anm rsnn, qn that hes unmv trght ue qetxsem fsnt the
hanmq nf the metnnq.,
In gypt the tagrtran tlartem the pnwes nf tnt-

'R UISTOJUC SORCeRE..

At the toiJ Frtrrs a-c, FwcH (itHS Brll).

pellrng the rugheNt gnmq tn mn hrs wil-, and rn India the

gseat triune deity, Brahta, Vrshnu and diva, was sbje:
tn the qpellq nf the qnstesesq.
"Jhe srteq teleusatem nn qpetral nttaqrnnqM" qayq
OlmcnbergM " asc tntplete mndeOq nf tagrt nf eterv
kinm, anm n etesv tase the fnstq nf tagrt beas the
NtaLp nf the gseateNt antr|urtv."
Ften wrtthtsaft fnsyem past nf the seligrnn, anm
penetatem anm uetate intrtatelv ulenmem wrth the
7
 THE AffSTEOSES AND SEAOETS OF MAGIA
holieSt Vedic rites. The Samavidhana Brahmana is 1n
reality a handbook of incantations and sorcery.
" In ancient Egypt," States Maspero, " the faithful who
desired to obtain some favour from a deity had no
chance of succeeding except by laying hands on the god,
and tlus arreSt could only be efe:ed by means of a
certain number of rites, sacriices, prayers and chants,
which the god himself had revealed and which obliged
m to do what was demanded of lum."
The belief that the priet owing to his oice possesses
a certain power to put a spell on an ofe f nder, or-as
termed in Ireland-" to put a curse upon him," survives
till the present day.
" Magic as the enemy of an organized cult or the social
organization as a whole," says Robertson Smith, " came
to be worked in dark and secret places and grew by
adoption of degraded and scattered rites from various
cults." Thus we shall nd that later and in the vfiddle
Ages it imitated religious ritual to the verge of the
blasphemous.
Religion, on the other hand, developed an ethical
conception of the Godhead, in which the action of mere
power is gradually converted into that of a power that
makes for righteousness.
Having thus briefly considered the theories advanced
by various authorities on the genesis of magic, it will
be of intereSt to Study its development and its pratice
among the early civilizations.

8
 CTiPTER II
SUPERNATURAL BEINGS

T
kE beeief in cerSain supernaSural beings of
Hm.tnSivc sier but of charetng appeuranhe and
wiSh generalef a benevoeent inluence, is coeeon
aeng various races and peoplesj
In the Far EasS thef have moreed part om romance and
torf froe earld tiees and, according to an ancienS
kindu tradition, thef inhabiSed the earSh before the
creaSion of eanj
In Persia the peris counSerated the maeevolent
inluences of She divs and lived in enchanted paeaces
and caStees.
In Europe the superStition is generaelf ascribed to the
CelSih rahes, whiee the Gothic people inSroduced the eeve
and gnoees, She eore eaeinant Sdpes uf spir iSs .
In Dh| po e Si hal mytholoyd uf southern Europe they
vppear in t 4 4-rqy Middle Ages, and are aeluJed no iN
the roekntih nturi| uf It-qb, Sp-i and France. In
Mnii|nt Erin, the belief in fairies was g|n er- e , Mnd thir
-ppearknhe is deshribed as being " k4-utiful mini a tu r e s
of huean beings .p
The fairies and Sheir Icing and queen appear in eared
edtholoyd, and later u as Diana and her nfephs.
tberon is aeeuded So in the eurld Frenhh roeanhes,
w
 MHE .MfPMEUEP AND PEAOEMP Ot MAGSA
iW whiDh he i< de<Dribed A< A " Biny DreaBure ;W greaB
beauBy, weAring A jeweaaed DE;wnd And A h;rW whiDh
when he blew <eB AaM dAnDiWg." Their p;wer ;W mAking
Bhemseabe< inbi<ibMe wheW Bhey wi<hed wA< BypiDAa.
p;AW ;W eED wA< DhAEged wiBh WEequeWBiWg Bhe BEee
AWd W;uWBAiW WeAE D;mpEe, whiDh wA< Bhe EepuBed hAuWB
;W Wairie<d And wiBh j;ining iW Bheir dAWDe< AWd ADDepBing
Bheir aid in Bhe DAu<e ;W delibering heE D;unBEy.
IW xhe Middae ege< WAirie< weEe WrequeWBay A<<;DiABed
wiBh DhArge< ;W wiBDhDrAWBe A< in Bhe DA<e ;W eWW pefeEie<d
wh; wA< <Aid B; hAbe beeW Wed W;E <ix m;WBh< by "A
<mAaa <;rB ;o hairy pe;pae DAMaed fAirie<., eDD;EdiWg
B; her ABemeWBd " Six <mAMa pe;pMed AMa iW gEeeW DM;Bhe<,
DAme <uddeWly ;beE Bhe gAEdeW wAMM ;ne dAy, wheW <he
wA< kWiBBiWg ;DWg<," iW A gArdeW AB SB TeABh iW h;EW
wAll. They BhEew heE iWB; D;WbuM<i;W< buB eWd;wed
heE wiBh exBEA;EdiWAEy ;wer< ;W heAMing Bhe <iDhd whiDh
ebenBuAMly led B; heE beiWg hAled beW;re Bhe mAgi<BEABe<
And D;mmiBBed B; B;kmiW oA;l W;E wiBDhDEAWB. The
SD;BBi<h WAirie< weEe W;B <; AiAbae iW DhAEA:eE WE;m
ADD;uWB< giben by SD;BB. They Are de<Dribed A< being
"kiminuBibe iW W;rmd AWd were B; be W;und iW Bhe
inBeri;r ;W greeW hial<, ;n Bhe <urWADe ;W whiDh, Bhe rings
whi[h marh BheiE m;;nlighB dAnDe< mA ;WBeW be seen.
They Arc DaAd iW geen, heABh-br;wn ;r grey And are
W;nd ;W riing iWbi<ibae h;r<e< And ;DDA<i;nally real ;ne<
wh;m Bhey W;EDe B; A greAB <peed."
The ideA ;W A Wairy king And queeW i< made u<j ;W by
hhAuDerd wh; AMMude< B; Bhe GueeW AWd heE aAWd iW Bhe
"iime ;W SB Th;pA< " AWdd iW Bhe '' NiWe ;W BABhe<
TAMed" A< h;lking heE h;urB wiBh gEeAt <pMend;ur iW Bhe
Bime ;W ing eEBhur. IW Bhe "1IjrDhaWBj'< Taac"
t7
 SUPEINATUIAL BEINGS
.(e spiri.s of eHil 're men.ioned ', pre,iing over .(e
-oun.ry.
" PtosErbi-E and all hEr fayriE."
illu,ion .i, 'l,o m'de .o
" Pluto, that is lixg of fayrie."
Oberon is ir,. men.ioned in ' pl'y -ri..en in u 1 w 4
en.i.led K T(e S-o..i,(e S.ory of 'me, .(e Four.( sl'in
'. FloddenJ in.ermixed -i.( ' pleas'n. Comedic prey
sen.ed by Oberon, King of .(e F'iries.I
A--ording .o Regin'ld S-o. : K F'irie, do prin-ip'lly
in('bi. .(e moun.'ik, 'nd -'Hern, of .(e e'r.(J -(o,e
n'.ure is .o m'Ee ru'nge 'pp'ri.ion, on .(e e'r.(J in
me'do-s 'nd in moun.'in,, being liEe men 'nd -omen,
souldiersJ ings 'nd l'dyes, -(ildren 'nd (or,emen,
-lo'.(ed in green, .o -(i-h purpo,e, .(ey do in .(e ig(.
Sle'l (empen Sl'lE, from .(e ield, -here .(ex gro-, .o
-onHer. .(em in.o (orse, 's .he Story goe,.
K Su-( jo-und 'nd f'-eliou, spiri.s 're s'yd .o ,por.
.(emselHes in .(e nig(., by .umbling 'nd fooling -i.(
,erH'n.s 'nd s(ep(erd, in -oun.ry (ouses, pin-(ijg
.hem bl'-E 'nd blue 'nd le'Hijg bre'd, bu..er, nd -(ee,e
,ome.ime, -i.( .(em, -(i-( f .(ex refu,e .o e'., ,ome
mi,-(ief ,('ll undoub.ely bef'll .(em by me'n, of the
f'irie,.y
ohn eb.er, 'no.(er e'rly -ri.erJ ,'ys: K Un ' fe-
'ge, p'Sl, -(en Popi,( ignorak-e did 'bound, .(ere
-ere in dis-our,e not(ing more -ommon (-(i-( i,
ye. -oj.inued 'mong .(e -ommon people) .('n of .(e
app'ri.ion of -er.'in -re'.ure, -(i-( .(ey -'ll f'yrie,
.('. -ere of i..le St'.ure and -(en ,een -ould soon
H'ni,( 'nd di,'ppear."
MI
 TvE MYSTERIES xND SECRETS F MAuIC

In his opiion, " fairies are pigmy creatures which

really exist in the world, and arc and tnay be Still in
islands anti mountains that arc inhabited, and that they
are not real dcn1ons. But that either they were truly of
human race, endowed with the use of reason and speech,
or, at least, that they were sotnc kino of little apes
tr satyres, having their secret recesses and holes in the
tnountains."
Some tuagicians claimed to be able to sutnmon a fairy
at will and, in a tnanuscript of the ifteenth century in the
Ashmolean Colle:ion, the following tnethod is said
to be << An excellent way to get a Fayrie." " FirSt get a
broaJ square cbrl:all or Venus glassc, in length and.
breaJth 8 inches : then lay that glasse tr chry:all in the
blood of a white 1-lenne, 8 wednesdays or 8 Fridays, then
take it out and wash it with Holy \'atcr ani funtigate it.
Then take 3 hazel Sticks or wands of a years growth,
peel them fayre and white and make thetn so long as you
write the spirits or fayries which you call 8 times on every
Licke, being macle iatt on one silc. Then bury them
under son1e hill, whereas you suppose fayres haunt, the
Wednesday befor you call her, and the Friday following,
take thetn up and call her at 8 , 3, anti z0 of the clock
which be good planets and hours, but when you call, be
of deane life and turn thy face towals the eaSt, and when
you have her, blt.d her to that Stone or glasse."
The conception of fairies apparently Jilfered according
to the chara:er of people and country. They seized on
the poet's fancy, and in Shakespeare's titne we have a
refle:ion of the ommon belief in fairies in several of his
plays.
Above all, they captured the imagination of children
V.
 PUPEONAMUOAL BEINGS
and hav. Furviv.d in IErb and (h. drama (E (h. pr.F.n(
dfbF
Lh. EEEd Efirb and (h. bfd Eairb EE (h. E'djEaFhiEn.d
pan(Emim. ar. hh. p.rp.hua(iEn, EEr childr.n EE (h.
E-irN.F EE Eld.n (im.F, and aF 'EnE aF (h. plabF EE Lhao.
Fp.ar. 'iv., hh. miFchi.vEuF Puco, pEbif xEEdE.''Ew and
(h.Nr nind wi'' d.li,hh (h. h.ar(F EE .v.rbEn.F
Lh. .lE waF anE(h.r Fm-ll Fpirih (ha( waF FuqpEF.d (E
inhabit (h. hi''F and mEun(ainF, and waF b.i.v.d (E
hav. FEm. apqrEach hE human wiFdEm, b.inE F\i'.d in
(h. m.ch-nica' arhFF 'v.F app.ar fE hav. had (h.Nr ErN,Nn
in L candNnavian mb(hElEEb in (h. EErm EE (h. B.rE.'E.nF
LE fh.m klauF MaEnuF a(hribu(.F (h. " Eair rNnEF"
w. nEw nnEw (E b. du. (E N Fp.ci.F EE EunEuFF In
LcE('and, (rianEu'ar lif(F ar. cal'. " .'E arrEwF,"
ErEm hh. b.li.E (ha( (h. e'v.F FhEEf fh.m a( ca((l. whichi
al(hEuEh (h.ir F nin r.mainF unbrEo.E, a( Enc. Ea'' dEwn
and di., Er r.cEv.r ErEm (h.ir cEnvu'FiEf bb b.ifE
(Euch.d with (h. " .lE arrEw" bb which (h.b hav. b..n
hit, Er bb drinninE (h. wa(.r in which N ( haF ..n dipp.dF
Lh. (.rm " .lE'Ec\F," appli.d fE ma((.d hfir, cEm.F
ErEm (h. id.a (ha( hh. .lv.F miEh( brinE . miFEEr(uneF
Lha\.Fp.fr. al'udeF (E N( in " pEm.E fnd Juli.t" Nn (h.
li7.F
" This ; thak peby Eab
TOat pdaks ke anes of Oorses Cn tO; niLOk ;
And bske: tOe edf-loc: in focl :luktssO OaibM,
WhscO once entangled hFO hisfortcne bodes."

mmEn Eter Vreakish -CtF f((ribu(.d tE .'v.F NF (fh EE

chanEin, childr.n Nn th.Nr cradl.F and FubStN(u(NnE b.Nn,F
EE fh.ir Ewn nind nnt.ad, call.d .nn chi'dr.n. Lh.
nih(F EE Lp.nF.r'F " CEur( EE a.ri." w.r. all (huF
MJ
 MHE 1-fYSTEIBES AND SECIETS OF MAGIA
uosn; dtosiew of thiw krnm ase cotLon rn dcotlanm,
Iselanm anm in the Iwle of can.
Wa-mson, rn hiw " Newcsiptron of the Iwle of can," thuw
mewcsiuew an elfin changelrng whot he tiwitem. He wavw :
" Nothing unmes heaten coulm hate a tose ueautrful
face, uxt although uetween s anm e veasw olm anm weet
rnglv healthv, he waw wo fas fsot uerng au-e to walk
os nm, that he cou-m not wo tuch aw Lote anv one
jornt; Hiw lituw wese tauv -ong fos hiw age uut wtalles
than an infant of wix Lonthw, hrw cotplexion waw pes
feClly melrca e anm he ham the fine hars rn the woslm
he netes wpoke nos csrem, ate wcascelv anvthing, and waw
tesv we-moL ween to wLile, uut rf anv one cal-em hrL
FarsvFlf, he woulm fsown azm x hrw evew wo easn-v
on thowe who waim rt, aw v he woulm -ook thet thsoughb"
One Lethom of psocusrng the sosation of the olen
chilm waw to soaSh the wuppowrtrouw rzfant on lrte etuesw;
The elf hote, accosming t o the psowe "Fmma," iw rn
the celeia- segionw anm iw the auome of the e-tew of light,
whi-e the eltew of maskneww lite unmes the easth;
Al- the Teutonic natronw helm thewe ue-refw anm the
romances of cta-sv auoxnm with thet; In some
parts of Germany the peasants ueliee that elves cte
anm lie on those thev flnd s leepin g on their backs and
thus produce nightmare. ighttare haw long been
thought to hate ueen psomucem uv malevolent spisits
like the ncxui, hence the cuSot of hanging a horseshoe
otes the uem to mrite thet awav;
" Fatilias wpl:itw," wavw Le oves, " wese those who
caLe at Satem titew anm cou-m not onlv conteswe uxt were
tiwrule in tasiouw fosLw thev awwuLem; The Greekw
ca-lem thet Pasemrii."
:U
 SUPEINAeUIAL BESNGS
Soprates is said to haye had an attendant spirit of this
kind, and Sertorius plaimed to haye trained to ovey his
pal, a white fawn whiph he said was the gift of Diana, whw
thus ponyeyed to him her reyelations.
The Story of Mohanuned's pigeon-whiph was said to
represent the angel Gavriel-that appeared to whisper
in his ear was a similar myth.
Spott ponsidered the Spottish vrownie to ve a despend
ant of the " failiars " of the anpients and it was typipal
of the vrowniew that whateyer work he performed, he
would take no reward.
The vlapk dog of Cornelius Agrippa, whiph always
appompanied himw is a later tory of this knd.
It was velieyed that " faiiars " pould ve vound or
imprisoned in magipal figures and rings, in whiph the
magipians of the sphool of Salamanpa and Toledo and
those of Italy made traip.
Hewood says: "Eyery magipian and witph haye N
faiar spirit giyen to attend them whiph are sometimes
yisivle in the form of a dog or pat. . . . These kinds of
failiar spirits are suphe as are kept in rings hallowedw
yiols, voes nd paskets."
Philouatus States : " Apollonius Tyaneus was neyer
without one, and Johannes Jodocus Rosa a pitizen
of Cortacensia, eyery fifth day, had conference with
the spirit enplosed in is ring, who he looked upon
as a pounseller and diretor of his affairs. . . . It
learnt him the pure and remedy of all griefs and diseasesw
insomuph that he had the reputation of a learned and
excellent physipian. At length being appused of sorcery
at Arnhem in Guelderland, he was xrosprivedw and in the
year V54m the Chanpellor paused is ring to ve layd on an
IS
 THE afPTEOIEP AND PEAOETP OF aAGIA
anvil in the public market, and with an iron hammer
beaten to pieces. "
Paracelsus was believed to carry a " familiar in a
Stone set in the hilt of his sword, and he never laid the
weapon down but placed it by his side in bed. He
would often get up in the night and Strike it violently
againSt the loor."
The witch 's " failiar " usually took the shape of a
black cat or toad that followed her about, sat on her
chair and with which she had converse.
Butler thus alludes to the Stories of " familiars " that
were supposed to reside in Stones, in the following lines in
"Hudibras":
l 9oEbdtu: keBt a depCl': bibd
Lhct Cn the BcEEel of hC: :wobd,
Tnat tacLht hCE a l K th; FcnnCnL Bbank:
rf Bdt and fctcre Eount;bank:.
CelKy dCd alK hi: fests cBon
Tn; ;eW: lookCnL-LKas:, a one,
Whebe, BKayinL hith hiE at bo-BeeB,
Hg :oKv'd all BrobleE: ne'eb so deep.
ALbiBBa k;Bt a StLian BcL,
s' th' Larb and h GiF o G do,
That has his tctob, snd the cur
ReG Fo Fh' occulF uhilo ouher."

The banshee, the supernatural being so common in

the legends and Stories of the Celtic races, was the warn
ing spirit that attached itself to certain families and clans.
It was generally believed to be the spirit of a woman
whose detinies had becom e linked, by some accident,
with those of the family she followed. She was some
times young, but usually very old with long, ragged
locks flowing over her shoulders. She is described as
rG
 SUPEINAMUIAL BESNGS
being attired in loose, white garments, and her duty was
to warn the family she attended of approaching death
or misfortune, by a peculiarly mournful wail at night,
" resembling the melancholy sough of the wind but hav
ing the sound of a human voice, which could be heard
at a great diStance. She was rarely visible and only to
those whom she attended."
The banshee is mentioned in several of the old Irish
ballads, as in the following :

" 'jsas the baeshee' lo-el waili-g,

Well I nea Fhe voioe of death,
I- Fhe -ight wi-d slowlT saili-g
0 'er the bleak aed glooT heath."

vi any of the ancient families of Ireland had their banshee

and, to some, the phantom is. l said to appear before
the death of any near relaive.
The warning spirit is not conined to Ireland, and
similar apparitions are said to appear to families in Italy
and Germany.
Scott records several inStances in Scotland, and says
that the family of Tullochgorm was haunted by a female
whose left arm and hand were covered with hair.
An apparition is supposed to haunt Spedlins CaStle
near Loch 1-Iaben, which is said to be the ghost of a
prisoner once conined in a dungeon who was starvctl
to death. Its visits became so frequent that a clergyman
was called in to exorcize it. He used an ancient Bible
as the medium, and after twenty-four hours, according
to the Story, he was able to confine it to a part of the
caStle, but its shrieks and groans were Still heard.
Some
years aftewards, the Bible was taken away to be rebound
V7
 MHE MfSMEOIES AND PEAOEMS OF AGiC

and at once the spectre renewed its manifetations, which

did not cease until the volume had been returned to its
place in the carue.
The geius or jinn is supposed to be the spirit who
attends an individual from the time of his birth, but
is more frequently to be met with in the legends of the
EaSt than in those of WeStern races.
They were spirits of an inferior kind, and were the
companions or guarlians of men, who prompted them
to good aCtions or otherwise, for the jinns of the EaSt
were both good and evil spirits. Those acknowledged
by the Arabs difered from those of the Persians. The
genii of " The Arabian Ni ghts " were the divs of
Indian legends adapted by the Persians to their romances.
The jinns appear to have been the descendants of the
divs or dcvates of indu mythology, and were con
sidered as spiritual agents or superhuman beings. They
were represented by the Arabs as corporeal beings,
hairy and sometimes of aimal shape. They could
assume human form, and had the power of disappearing
and then appearng n another place. They were be
lieved to live underground, and could therefore affc:
the earth with evil. On this account the husbandman
would sprinkle new ploughland with the blood of a
peace-offering to appease them.
The Persian div was more of the chara:er and con
ception of a devil of the Middle Ages and might be
either male or female.
The males, according to Persian tradition, were
entruSted with the ruling of the world for 7ooo years
anterior to the creation of Adam. They were believed
to be able to assume various forms, especially that of a
18
 SUPEONAMUOAL BEtNGS
sLrgLBtx aBt arL -ftLB thus rLgrLsLBtLt -B trab;BMs
;hhunrati:M thL Larhy PLrs;aB r-daBRLs.
ThL liis -r ta;Lrs -f thL -;:tus bLrL sugg-sLt t-
;Btab;t a b-rlt RahhLt Da;iLr-MudfaBt arL usuahy
rLgrLsLBtLt ;B thL -;Btu r-daBRLs as LBMaMLt ;B R-d
baT-BM thL M;aBtsj ThLy f-rmLt a BudLr-us t-n aBt arL
tki;tLt ;Bt- daBy RhassLs.
ThL b-rt"tLi;lq ;s sugg-sLt t- havL bLLB tLr;iLt
fr-d thL PLrs;aB"t;i.q ThL -LbrLb b-rt traBshatLt
;B thL qht TLntamLBt dLaBs "ha;y -BLsq aggliLt t-
M-ats.
Parthurn says : "Et ;s n-t u:h;tLh that thL Chr;n;aBs
b-rr-bLt thL;r M-at-itL R-BRLgt;-B -r thL tLi;h b;th
ta;l, h-rBs aBt Rh-vLB fLLt fr-m the LgrLsLBtat;-Bs -f
zaB."
rir Th-das tr-bBL rLdarks, ttat thL }abbiBs
bLliLiLt thL tLi;h t- aggLar d-n frLquLBthy -: thL f-rm
-f a M-at, as Tfat aB;mah bas thL LdblLm -f thL s;B
-fLr;BM aBt ;s ttL LmblLd -f siBful mLB at thL lan
:utMdLBt.
ThL ,astLrB raRLs rLgrLsLBtLt thL;r tLi;h bith h-rBs
aBt a ta;l, aBt -ftLB b;th tL-rdLt hLats aBt faRLs -B
RLrtaiB garts -f thL b-ty, such as arL tLgiyLt ;B daBy
gi:urLs -f thL {;ddlL sMLs IB R-l-um, hL ;s ga;ntet a
blaRkpsh-rLt or br-wn and blaRr, while Hat.B las painted
MrLLB. At a latLr gLri-d hL ;s s-met;mLs dLgLlLt as a
blaRt Ratx but ;B b;tRhRraft RLrLd-:Lal hL ;s MLBLraly
tLsRr;bLt as a MrLat hL-M-at -r radu
ThL ;BRubus bas thL sg;rit t- bh;Rh BkMhtdarL bas
attr;butLt aBt bas sugg-sLt t- ;mg-sL ;tsLhf -B thL
slLLgLr ;: thL tLat -f :iMht, aBt M;iL r;sL t- tLrr;blL
rLads uBt;h thL i;:;m R-uhd shStL ;t -fu yLyslLr
1Y
 MHE MYPMEOIES AND PETOEJP OF MAGIC
ates, that Nachm.ar is derived from Mair, an old
woman, because the spirit appears to press upon the
brea and impede the ation of the lungs. The English
and Dutch words coincide with the German, but the
Swedes use -Iara alone. There is a tradition in some
countries, that " nightmare is associated with the weird
women who were not only n the habit of riing on
men but also on horses, and to keep them out of the
abies the peasants used to write the pentalpha on the
able doors n consecrated chalk on Walpurgis Night."
The horseshoe was employed for the same purpose,
and at the present day n some parts of the country, a
decorated horseshoe is hung over the bed to prevent a
visitation of nightmare.
"Incubi and Succubi," says an old writer," are devils
taking often times to that end the shape and likeness
sometimes of men, and sometimes women and commit
the greate abominations. St AuguStine said that the
satyrs and fauns were incubi."
The word "incubus" is perpetuated and used to-day
to describe a burden it is liicult to throw of.
Vampires have ired the imagination of humanity for
centuries, and the fa: that certain animals are capable
of sucking human blood gave some credence to their
existence. They are described by ancient writers as,
"persons who rise from their graves n the night and suck
the blood of the living and then return to their graves."
The fa: that after the death of certain persons, their
relatives were often observed to grow pale and tu,
gave some colour to this belief.
Hungary, n particular, has been the origin of many
stories of vampirism and various theories have been
20
 PUPEONATUOAL BEINGS
sgMM.t.t to aRRognt for th. Rgr;ogs ant e.ert tay.s that
fai. b..n tolt of th.;r .xgloets. n Ras. of a sgs
g.:.t iamger., th. boty eas tesent.rr.t, ant ef ;t eas
fognt to b. fr.sf aBt fgll of bloot th. aRRgsateon was
t.Rlarit to b. tru.. To ggt aB .nt to ;ts ayeiete.s a
sharg vak. eas tr;i.B throgMf tf. f.art ant th. boty
eas tf.B bgrBt.
In sod. glaR.s, gteRiary groR..tinMs e.r. tar.n
against the gruesome spe:res, ant th. . hgmed bodies
were .aden.t for th. marks of tegraie ty , efeRh Ron
sin.I Rhe.ly in th. fl.xibility of tf. lidbs aBI fliIity
of th. blooI.
At l .BMth ;t b.MaB to taeB oB th. m;Bts of th. dor.
;Bt.ll;M.Bt tfat tf. so-Rall.t iadg;r.s e.r. g.rsons efo
hat grobably b..B bgr;.t alei.. qf th. daBy ntor;.s
r.lat.t of adger.s, oB. r.Rort.t n tf. " z.ttr.s
gi.s," 1 7 3 8 , eRf ;s att.t.t by teo ofiR.rs of thi
,dg.ror's troogs at Graitz efo e.r. .y.-e;tn.ss.s,
day b. taken as an .xadgl..
"En th. b.MenninM of ~.gt.dbJr 1 7 3 8 , a dan aM.t ez,
t;.t at tf. i;llaM. of ;seloia B.ar Gratetz. Three days
after h. eas bureid, f. agg.ar.t at BlMht to his son ant
tdantit foot, ehiRh th. son gav e hi aod he tes
agg.arit. T . next tay the son told the nieghbours
what han happeNe. The following night b u t one, the
fa th er appared aga pn with the same reque. The next
lMht the son eas found tiat n hps b.t, aBt ii. or six
gersons took ell ant tp.t ;n thi iellaM. eB a f.w tays.
A report eas made to the tribunal at Belgrade and two
ofiR.rs ant aB .x.Rgt;oB.r .r. s.Bt to ei.;Mat.
th. dat .r.
"Tfey og.n.t th. graves of those eho fat b..B t.at
29
 THE MYSTEUS AND SECRETS OF MAGIC
ssx weeks, and when they cjme ti the bidy if the ild
mjn the fiund is eyes ipen jnd if giid ciliukz jnd
with natukal kespikjtiinw fkim which they cincluded thjt
he was j vjmpikew The executiinek then dkive j ake
inti his heakt jnd the bidy wjs buknt ti jshes."
In the acciunt if jnithek cjse in the vvlljge if Liebjeju
it is said that the vjmpire wjs cjught by j pejsjnt whi
watched fkim the tip if the chukch tiwek. He felled
the vampsre with j bliw in his hejd jnd then decjpitjted
him with j hjtchet.
Such weke the Stikies if vjmpikes thjt weke belseved
js ljte js the eighteenth century.
Tiuknefikt Stjtesu in 1 7 1 7, thjtw n the Archipeljgiu
the peiple if the isljnds ikly belveve thjt thise ecim
municated by the Gkeek xhukch pkesekved theik bidves
entike jnd fkim putkefjtiin jftek dejth. He wjs
pkesent jt the exhumjvin, impjlement nd buknvng if
j suppised vjmpike n the island if Mycinew whi wjs
sjid ti hjve bkiken the bines and dkjined the eins
if half the inhjbitjnts if the isljnd.
The giblinw ik Ribin Giifelliwu wjs sjid ti be j
fkejkish spikit whi jlthiugh he fkightened peiple wjs
nit an enemy if mjnksnd. Thiugh Shjkespeake
nclunes him among the faik filliers of O beron, he
wjs moe of the phjntim type.
" Hobgoblins ik these kind if spikitsz" sjys E wkitek
if the seventeenth centukyu " jke mike fjmslijk jnd
dimefticjl than the itheksz jnd jbide in ine place mike
thjn anithek, si thjt sime nevek depakt fkim sime
pjrticuljk hiuseu mjing sundky niisesw umiurs, micnek
ies, gawds jnd je:su withiut diing jny hjkmz jnd sime
hjve heakd them pljy in gittekns jnd Jew's hjkpsz and
%%
 SUPERNATURAL BEINGS

ring bells 'nd m'Ee 'ns-er .o .(ose .('. -'ll .(emJ 'n;
spe'E -i.( -er.'in signs, l'ug(.ers 'nd merry gESlurEs
so .('. .(ey be fe'red no. '. 'll.I
T(e S-o..is( bogie -'s ' simil'r froli-some spiri. -(o
delig(.ed more in pl'ying .ri-Es .('n doing ('rm.
mr'y.on 'ludes .o Pu-E -(om (e s'ys K moSt men -'ll
(obgoblin.I T(e 'n.i-s '..ribu.ed .o .(e goblins 're
simil'r .o .(e m'nifeSt'.ions of .(e pol.ergeiS. .(roug(
-(ose 'gEn-y objEts -ErE s'id .o be (urlEd '-ross '
7oom, -ro-Eery sm's(ed, jugs lif.ed from .(e .'ble
'nd .(e -on.en.s poured on .(e foor, pd EniHes, forEs
'nd spoons projected .(rough sp'-e 's if by unsEen
('nds.

;
 CHAPTER III

TilE CULT OF MAGIC-THE MAGI AND THEIR MYSTERIES

M
AGIC sas intimatkly clnnkB:kd sitt thk lrigin
lf all mythlllgy and alsl sih thk anciknu crkkds
lf ohillslohy.
Zlrlakr lr Zarathura, utk slundkr lf stau is
callkd uhk v!agian rkligiln, is suoolskd tl havk livkd
ablut 1 5 00 B . c . , but acclrding ul ttk Zknd-Avka-in
vhich is namk is mknuilnkd-tk orlbably flluristkd at
a much karwikr okrild.
Thk fundamkntal orinciolks ls thk rkwigiln hk slundkd,
thk dlB:xinks lf shih ark dkscribkd in uhk Zknd-Ava,
teach that thk slrld is thk ckntrk ls uhk clniB: bktskkn
twl grkau olskrs, glld and kvil, and thau thk glld
orinciowk is ktkrnal and silw nawwy orkvail lvkr thk bad.
Zlrlakr is said ul havk bkkn thk lriginatlr ls thk
:Magi, but thk rkligiln tk flundkd kvkntually dkgknkxatkd
intl an idllatrlus flrm lf irk slrship.
The 1fagi, whl ark bklikvkd tP havk bkkn a distinl:
castk lf thk vfkdians, can bk trackd back tl ablut
9 1 n . c . , and wkre knlwn as thk magicians lr wik mkn.
The wkrk thk disskinatlrs lf thk sisdlm lf Zlrlacx,
and wkrk lluristing a t thk okrild shkn Cyxus flundkd
the nkw Pkrsian Emoirk. Thky aookar tl havk bkkn an
lrder dividkl intP varius classes, and bkcamk rknlwncl
fPr thkix skill in divining drkars, cllskly linkkd with
,,,
 THE MAGI AND THEIO MYSTEOIES
eKiRf bSs tfe nuAy of anroloMy-i: bfiRf tfey
eReleA.
Tfey professeA a profou:A kdobleAMe of tfe dyneries
of Dkii:Stio:, S:A for tfat purpose det a:A Ro<sulteA
i: tfeir tedples. Tfey RlakdeA to be searRfems after
Trutf, for tfat alo:e, tfey RlaideA, " RoulA dare da:
lire GoA, bfose boAy resedbleA liMft a:A bfose soul
or spkrit resedbleA Trutf.q Tfey Ro:Aed:eA ayl
idaMes a:A borsfippeA tfe sky as represe:tStiie of the
eity. ARRorAi:M to -eroAotus, tfey AAresseA tfe
eSie:ly boAxes S:A elede:ts a:A sSRrxiReA to the Hu:,
vfoo:, Eartf, Fire, Water a:A tfe i:As.
totf i: ,Mypt a:A -: GreeRe, it ks ntateA tfat tfe
saRerAotSl frSter:kty, or assoRiStio: of tfe kditkSteA
fordeA by tfe dynqeries, faA Me:erally a: kdpomtS:t
iBlue:Re o: Htate afairs, a:A k: Perska tfey ame saiA to
faie aRuireA a Rodplete polktkRal asRe:Aa:Ry. Tfe
saRreA relkMious pfklosopfy a:A sRke:Re bere k: tfeir
fS:As a:A tfey bere fealers of tfe skRk i: boAy S:A i:
dk:A. About oo n.c. tfey bere fierRely perseRuteA
S:A da:y edigrateA to CappaAoRka a:A to I:Aia. It
is robable tKSt tfe diMratkoB of tfe viSMk toearAs tfe
Vet bSs the cSuse of tfe spreSA of tfe i:lue:ce of
magic t Gmeece S:A ArSbkS. Tfe BiblMcal references
to the ie vlen of the ESSq, a:A thekr tud a:d
k:obleAMe of the tSrs, are bell k:ob: S:A Rorroborate
these ntSte e:ts.
Tfe eo rshMp of the dyqerkous CabLri fSs bee: traReA
to tfe PheniRkS:s a:A Moes baRk to a redote erMod.
Tfe dyteries of ,leusis a:A of BaRRhus ame of S
RodpSmatkvely reRe:t ASte RodpareA bitf tfese a:Rie:t
preiStoriR rktes.
 MHE .MYSMEOIEP AND PEAOEMS OF MAGIA
SoSe thoeght that the "abUSU weSe deRdended dSoS
jhoth abd HeSSeR jSsRSegUpueRy bet HeSodotuR callR
theS the " SonR od Gelcan, and JepsteS UR odten naSed
aR theUS dather." OtheS eaSly wSUteSR donRideS that they
weSe the mUnsteSR od the godR who weSe deUied at t eUS
deathR.
:t UR tated that the woSRhUp od the "abUSU oSUgsnated Un
Egypt ahd t h at the TkSple od MeSphUR waR donRkcSated
to thkm. In andskht toSk they wkSk appaSkhtlt
SegaSdkd aR the hoeRehold godR od the people.
jhe ssland od LeSnoR waR notable doS the woSRhip
of the 6abiSs, and Gelcan, aR SepSeRented by iSe ; and,
theSe, Studal SUteR weSe peSdoSSed oveS whsdh they
pSeRUded. The coUnR od the URland RoSetiSeR boSe the
head od Geldanx oS a "abUSeR wUth the pUSeeR, haeS
and tongR.
The StpueSUeR od the "abUSUc woSRhip weSe celebSated
alRo at ThebeR and eRpecUally at the :Rle od SaSothSace.
Thky aSe Rasd to have taken place a t npght. The
candUdatk doh UnUtUation waR cSowned wUth a gaSland od
oliveRz and woSe a peSple band Soend the losnR. He
waR pSkpaSed by RadSed deSemonieR, pSobably hypnotsc,
and waR Reated on a bSsllpantly lsghtkd thSoxk, aSound
w hi c h the othkr UnUtUateR danded n a Syptsd SeaeSe.
jhe gkberal sdea SepSeRebtkd sn these ceremonies, wts
the paRRage throegh dkath to a hsgher lpfe p ahd, wjile
the oeteS RenReR weSe held n the thSall of hypnotism,
U t UR ReppoRed that SevelatUonR weSe Sade to thk p riet s .
vn thk SyptkrioR aSt od doSetklling and thk beghningR
od pSoghedyx the OradleR played an USpoStaht paSt, ant
aSong thkRe the OSadle od DklphU waR cklebSatkd.
According to tSaditson, Ut oSsgsnated with fuSkR th:tt
2v
 THE MAGI AND THEIR MYSTEIES

were found issuing from a cave discovered by Coretas ,

a shepherd. There is no evidence to show whether
these were of natural origin or not ; but the tory
coninues that, on approaching it, the shepherd was seized
with ecStasy and uttered words which were deemed to be
inspired.
A tripod was ere:ed over the source, and a girl was
chosen to become the medium of the responses, which
were believed to be oracular. A bower of laurel
branches was built over it, and later came the marble
temple and priethood of Delphi where the Pythoness
was seated on her throne. The Oracle is said to have
prepared herself by drinking from the sacred fountain
the water from which was reseved for her only-by
chewing a laurel leaf and encircling her brow with a
laurel crown.
The person who wished to consult the Oracle had fir:
to ofer a vi.im, and then, having written a quellion, to
hand it to the Pythoness before she ascended the golden
tripod.
The Oracle of Delphi is said to have spoken only during
one month in the year and, at ir$t, only on the seventh
day of that month-which was deemed the birthday of
Apollo.
The Oracle of Jupiter Ammon and the locality n
which it was situated are alike disputed. The temple is
described by Lucan and other classical writers. The
image of the god was carried abroad by the priests, and
is said to have responded not by speech but by nodding.
The prieSts themselves often expressed ignorance of their
deity , s meaning, and the replies therefore generally left
the queStioner in considerable uncertainty.
 THE MYSTEUEf AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

The qracle of Jggecer Dodo:a es saed co hase ;ssged

from a cree, recorded by some as a: oar a:d by ochers
as a beechu Bells and cogger base:s eere sgsge:ded
from che bra:ches, a:d cla:Med a:d T;nrled ac che
sleMhcet breach os ee:d. A fog:cae: of tra:Me a:d
my:ereogs i;rcge essged :ear che Mroie, a:d eas sa;d
co haie che goeer of reiMhc;:M a Mloe;:M corch ascer ec
had bee: exce:Mishedu
The qracle of ggecer Trogho<;gs ;s descrebed
by Pagsa:;as. Trogho:egs eas reMarded as che mot
silfgl arcicect of is day, a:d cradec;o: taces chac he
eas sealoeed gg by n earchqgare n che case eh.ch
afcerbards became groghec;c. Accord;:M co Pagsaias,
a deggcaceo: from a :eeMhbogr;:M d;:re:, ehere fame<e
eas ramga:c, ee:c co co:sglc che qracle, eh;ch chey
cogld :oc fid g:cel chey folloeed che l;Mhc of a searm
of bees. The ;:qgerer eas obl.Med To desce:d e:co a
caie, ehere h e reNa;:ed for a cercae: :gmber of days
ehele he made che grogec;acory ofere:Ms co che qracle.
A: .cr;cace cereNo:ial folloeed a:d che e:craels of che
seyems eere i:sgeyed i: order co lear: ehecher Trogho
:.gs eas n a fic hgmogr co be co:sglced or :oc. he
resgo:ses eere saed co be Mese: soNecemes i: a iesion,
and at ochers by eordsu There ea onl 9 sngle inSta<ce
o anyone eho descended to che case saLli<M co recgrn,
and thac o:e desersed is face, sor his ob~e: eas co
dLscoser creasgre, and :oc co co:sglc che qracle. w 1
wrece," says Pagsanias, w :oc o:ly froN hearsay bgc
srom ehac v hase seen occgr co ochers, a:d eich 1
mysels exgereenced ehen I eenc co co:sglc roghonegsu"
The qracles of Delos a:d Bra:ch.is also had a h.Mh
reggcaio:. The resgonses eere Mese: by a gr.e:ess,
28
 THE MAGI AND THEIR YSTERIS

thkee days jfter cinsultjtiin, jnd whi vhen sjv iu jn

jxle ir wak with j chjkmsng-rid in her hjnd, inhjlvng
the ejn frim j hit spkyug. vffekings jnd cereminies
weke necessjky vi render vhe inspikjtiiu effectujl, in
duing wjths, fjlling jnd silstudew
At xljkus, uejk xiliphin, wjs vhe vkjcle if the
xljkijn Apilli, which wjs deliveked wy j pkiext seleted
fik vhe mixt pjkt fkim j 11ilessjn fjmyly, whi pkiphesied
jfter dksnkyng the wjter which gushed firth frim j
sprsng jnd wjs weieved vi give insighv iuti futukityw
The wjter wjs iuly jlliwed ti we duk jfter jrduius
spskitujl eekcises.
The Egyptiju vkjcles eke jlsi fjmius, jnd thjt jt
Amphyjkjts, uejr Thewes, wjs pekhjps the mixt re
niwuedw vkjculjr drejms were suppised ti visit thise
whi slept in the skvns if kjms thjt hjd weeu sjcriiced
jnd vhe pkiets weke the iuverpreters. Ni rite wjs per
firmed in the fiuntjin welingiug vi vis extjwlishmeuv,
nor wjs s t used fik luStkjtiins, wut its wjters weke an un
fjiling siukce if pkifiv. All whi were sjtssied wsth the
vkjcle's pkesckiptiin vhrew j piece if gild iuti the
cinseckjted spring wefire vheik depjrture.
Augukie exekcised j piwerful inluence in the msnds
if communities in eakly times w The Augurs are thought
by some to h E v e originated in Etrurij (though it is
po ss i wl e that they go back to a much earlier periid),
jnd were fiuk in numwek.
Althiugh ikiginally if the patricijn cljss, jt j ljtek
persid the plebeians had representatives in the xillege,
jnd the numwer if Auguks wjs inckejsed ti ine. vu
vheir rxt inStytutyin they weke priwjwly chiseu fki m e
xillege if Pkiexts, wut vheik eletiin undeeut severjl
.9
 THE .MYSTERIES AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

i;diibaBi;n<. hiDer; ABe< BPABe in BPe eArly dAy< ;f BPe

Republic, it wA< Du;mAry B; <end <i <;n< ;f BPe m;t
eminenB paBriDian< B; ;BruriA B; be eduDABed iQ BPe
di<bipline ;f eugury, by meAn< of wPiDP BPey were AbMe B;
peneBraBe BPe myerie< ;f BPe fuBure. IB wA< A prieSB
P;;d BPaB b;nBinued f;r Mife, AQd <; greAB wA< iB< digQiBy
BPAB Q; Drime, P;wever Atr;Di;u< AQd P;wever DleArMy
pr;ved, D;uMd MeAd B; deprivABi;Q. TPe DPief 3ugur
wa < called BPe magiler coleoii, And BPe dutie< ;f the
p ri eth ;;d en;ined BPe pubMiD inBerpreBAti;Q ;f BPe
sovereign wiMl of J ave, B; ABBend B; <ign< And Au<piDes
And to anibipABe BPe Anger ;f BPe g;d<. em;ng ;BPer
duBie<, BPey PAd B; <uperiQBeQd <ADriiDe< AQd B; de
dAre wPAB victim<, riBe< AQd prAyer< were neDe<<Ary f;r
epiaBi;n. TPe Derem;ie< AB mAgieriAM eMe&i;n< were
referred B; tPeir udgmeQBd And BPey D;uMd invAMidABe ;r
D;nirm BPe App;iQBmeQB< Q;B ;nMy ;f miQ;r ;iDiAM<,
buB AM<; ;f preB;r<e D;Q<uM< AQd eveQ di:AB;r<. FeADe
;r wAr wA< re<;Mved up;Q, ADD;rdiQg B; BPeir re<p;Q<e<,
And BPey exerDi<ed A D;QBr;M ;ver BPe pubiD miQd wPiD
wA< wiBP;uB AppeAM.
TPe b;Stuie ;f An eugur D;n<iSted ;f A r;be Striped
w ith purple ;r <barleB, ;r A double bl;ak and a bap ;f
conical shape. He carried a <i;;BP Staf, Bhe Pead ;f
which was curved like An episcopal broierg Thi<
Stafi was hi< special badge. Its usc was to mark ;uB
And diStribute the s everal pArB< ;f Bhe visible heav en
int; differenB P;u<e<, and B; A<<iln prebi<e i i agin Ary
MimiB< B; BPe quArBer< whiDP Pe referred B; rigPB Ans
left.
S; arrayed, BPe eulur w;uMd pr;beed B; <;me eMevABes
<p;t, and, PAving <ADrifiDed, Pe eiBPer Pii<elf uBBered a
30
 THE MAGI AND THEIR MYSTERIES

prayer -r repeated the prehRrebed f-rmulary. Acc-rdilM

t- h-me auth-mh, he tum:ed hih faRe t- the ean j- that
the h-uth bah -: hih riMht ald the :-rth -: hih left. He
the: diiided the heaie:h i:t- f-ur parth, :amed the
Wen A:tiRa, the Ean P-fuRa, the -rth ri:i a a:d the
r-uth Dextra. With eyeh ilte:t up-: the jky, al
amid the j-hen jile:Re -f the cr-bd that jurr-lded
him, he baited u:teh j-me bird appeared, Rarefully :-tilM
d-b: the hp-t fr-m bhiRh i t r-je, the R-urhe it t--r,
ith upbard -r d-b:bard JiMht a:d the p-i:t at bhiRh
i t dihapeared. Et bah :-t e:-uMh that a jilMle auMury
jh-ud be jee:, it bah :eRejhay t- R-:irm it. f -:
pajhi:M fr-d the l -r eleiated hp-t, after the reRepti-l
-f a: auMury, the prient came t- aly bater, he b-uld
nt--p d-b: ald take j-me i: the palm -f hih hald, ald
pray that the auMury diMht R-:ti:ue ird, aj bater bah
jupp-hed t- i:terfere bith ith eiRaRy.
ruRh appearj t- haie bee: the earhient f-rm -f auMury,
ah praCtijed by the }-ma:j. The pr-cedure ifered
am-lM -ther pe-phej. The zerjia:j a:d Greekj appear
t- haie made auMuriej fr-m thu:der a:d hiMhU:ilM
-themh udMed fr-m the leMht -f birdh. Thuh, if al eaMle
bere heel -l -utnvretRhed wilMj, i t predited pr-h erity q
Raleh, f UKey bere diierUed fr-m their liMht ald turled
baRkwamd by a nv-rm, bere reMarded ah a hiMl -f w-e t-
sari:emh ; jbahM-bh bere reMarded ah preRurh-mj -f
dihf-rtu:e. AuMurieh bere alh- deriied fr-m animalh,
ald eie: hbarmj -f bej ald l-Runvj bee regarded f r
t..i h pump-he.
qme:h f-r M--d a:d iMl, bhe: -:Re belieied il, had
a nvm-:M efeCt -l the ild. Berdh phayed a: imp-rtnt
pamt i: the auMuriej, a:d Rr- h i: parUiRuhar q they bere
;
 THE .MYSTERIES AND SECRETS O F MAGIC

RometTSeR a Tood oSen! but when Reen pludking tAeTS

ofn featheSR they poStentet ll.
jhe GeeekR Segarded a Rneeze Un the SoSnTnT aR an
oSen that the buRTneRR of the day would be bad p Uf Tt
occuSSed at noon! the oSen waR a foStunate one p U f a
peeRon feee to Rnee e afteS dUnneS! a dTRh had to be
bSought badk and taed to aveSt STRfoStune that otheS
wURe faR believed to be ceStaUn.
 CHAPTER IV

BABYLONIAN ND ASSYRIAN MAGIC

E owe our knowlelge of the mpgical prpices

Wpnl demonology of she Assyrins tnl Bpbylon
ipns so she clty spbless inscribel n cuneiform of
she sime of Assrbtnippl which hpve been trpnslpted
by R. Cpmpbell Thompson tnd others. They pre
believed to be copies of oshers of t much eprlier period,
tnd which probtbly dtted bpck sx or seven shosspnl
yetrs.
These pnciens recorls show he genertl belief in mtgic
tnd she ptrs is pltyed in she life of she people.
From the story of yilgtmish which hps come down to
ss, i t is evidxnt that they prpillsel sorcery pnd prognoSti
cption. Gilgpmish tppepled so she gol Nergpl so reStore
his friend Ep-btni to himv pnd she gol openel she etrth
pnl the 11lakr1 or specrre of Ep-bani rose sp. As she
believel that lisease wps cassel by the entrance of
demon into the boly, is is nptsral that magic shosld
enter intx their treatment of the sick.
The obje: of the magicpl texts wts to enable the
priest-magician to control or eorcie the demons, or
to cosnteract their mplign iwlsence. To lo this it was
important that the evil spirit which plfcctcu the sick
person shosld we mentionel by npme, so thpt we inl
in the tablets long lits of the npues of demons or evil
::
 MHE aYPMEUET AND PEAOEMP OF 11!AGIA
w"iriyw, wuyg ww ygc ggdPw dk ygc VcwV wgd wwxVcrcV
dvcr yhc earth.
Td heal hiw wuffcrix-, ygc wiyk kwx gwV rcydurwc yd yhc
magician who by is nOwledge O ma gca\ \VOtds,
ixywxywyidxw wxV "rw(crw ydulV ixidkc ygc wiV dk ygc grcwt
gdVw yd -wix ydxyrdl dk ygc Vckdx. crcqucxy kcxyidx
iw kwVc ix ygc ixynywyidxw dk ygc kuki-wyidx, whiyh
whdww yhc ik;drywxyc wyywyhcV yd yiw riyc, ww ndr example :
..:oEe, hy :oc;b;:: oJ ;ncOantb;:M,
rp;r a nulukOkOa-Bdant :OaKt tOoP R;bit;v
Upon the fchtLatton ^ohd hntcn C: at tO; Oeai of tO; b;d
Oalt thc pd[cv Ctv and wtO an uBB;r LarE;nt :Oad tOou
;np;Kop tOe b;d."

giw www wyydk"w!icV b( dffcrixgw dk iwriduw kjxVw,

kcxdidx bcitg kwVc dk gdxc(, buyycr, Vwycw, gwrliy,
ydrx-ldwcrw, "lwxyw, "icycw dk wddV, "wlk w"wygcw, wgcc"
wkjx wddl wxV krwgkcxyw dk gdlV wxV "rcyiduw Pdxcw.
hgcwc wcrc gcxcrwll( VcPrd(cV b( rc, ixViywyixg ygc
w(k"wSgcyiy ydxtcxidx bcywccx dgc Vct.ruilidx dk ygc
.bwx wxV ygwy dk dgc dbjct.
Ix yhc kw-iywl ycrckdxiwl dk ygc nwb(ldxiwxw yhc
rcyiSwl dk yhc ixywxywSidx wws -cxcrwllx accompanied bx
the burning df ixycxsc. hhuw :
.. A censer of incense before the od - shalt thou set,"

which i s the flrmla usually c2zld eB

k Scr yhc formula, ix whicg yhc wK""liwxy sta Scn his
xwkc, kcxyidx iw dkycx kwVc dk " rrw(crw dk ygc lifSix-
df the hanl " which wyyd2 axiccl Shc performance df
y ery ai o rites and ycrcdniew, wgcx w "rw(cr was delivered
wkher wx cyli"wc dk yhc kddx.
hc riSc dk the " kxdSycV ydrV " frcqucxyl( wcydk
"w!ieV the " P-w erw df the lifting df She ha ," ax
34
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECRETS OF vlAGIC

w;irjt," whiHy tgy 2wgiciwx'w wrt w;;ywrw td gwiy byyx

chiyl( ;rwtiwyV jx tgy kdr2 dk w(2;wtgytjc 2wgic dr
thy trwxwfyrrixS dk w w;irituwM ;dwyr ixtd wd2y db yc
uxVyr hiw cdxtrdH.
Tgy 2det ;ri2jtiiy kdr2 y2;Od(yV www tgy wwx dr
dlay igury ;ryviduwM( 2yxtjdxyV. kktyr thiw gwV byyn
2dVylOyV jx thy Oikyxyww dk wx yxy2( witg jtcwxtwtidxw,
xwiMw dr tgdrxw wyry lck Tnto it, dr j t www allofed td
melt yefore a ire so tat thy qeSan doenterpart Sit
seffe r sTSTlar torSent.
dgy ;ryiwMyxcy dk ttjw ;rwcicy jx wx)jquiy( jw ry2wrk
wbOy.
Tgy bg(;tjwxw y2;Od(yV jt wt w yr( ywrH( ;yrjdV wxV
tgy J yww ;rdbwbl( wVd;tyV j t krd2 tgy2. n wMluwjdn
td it dccurw jn tgy kdOOdwixg tyxt :
" Ik tgdu wiwgy: td cwuwy wx(dxy td ;yriwh, twky cHw(
krd2 )wd riiyr bwxkw wxV 2wky wx j2wgy tgyrywjtg,
wrjty u;dx jt tgy 2wx'w xw2y, tgyx twky 7 gtwMkw dhoS 7
date trees and Sake w bof with hdrw gair ; wt u; the
i2agy ix w cdxiyxiyxt ;lwcy, gtrytcg tg( bdw, wgddt thy
etwHkw wt jt wxV witg y yry dxy ww( tgy ;rywcrjbyV wdrVw,
wVdin g ' Depthoyed be - wdx dk -.' "
The Umage oh igere waw wlwd esed ix tgy Unvehse ww(
wxx was y2;ld(yV b( a sUdk San to drrve oet a dUsease
deSon tqat pdwwewwed hi2m A figere of t hy wiiyg one www
2wVy Un wax, clw( or doegq, and wUtq tAe propeh chwr2w
tg 2agiciax trUed to Undede tAe deSon to leave tqe yody
dk tAe wick San and enteh hiw cduxtyr;wrtB
Whyx wx AssyrUan tqoeTAt hi2wyf yefTtched or lasd
uxVyr w w;yll, qe woel seck w SagTdTan axx bywych
gj2 kdr cduxtyr cgwr2w and jtcwxtwtjdxw wgwjxgt tgy
person fho qad bywjtcgyV i2.
;v
 BABYLONIAN AND ASSYUAN MAGIC

Ig a ran vas attackkd by a ghlSt, hk had tl bk anlintkd

sith varilus subStancks sl that thk " hand ls thk ghlSt "
shluld bk rkrlvkd. Thkrk ark skvkral mkthlds rkclrdkd
in thk tkxts slr " laing a ghlSt," and thk sllllving
is lnk slr " thk ghlSt that salks at night and clrks tl thk
bkdsidk."
" Whkn M dkad ran aookarkth untl a iving ran
thlu shalt rakk a igurk ls cway and sritk his nark ln
thk lkst side vith a 9Dbqu9 ; DhEu shalt out it intl a
Mz.lq.'9 hln and iD9 gack a nd in thk 9Mdt Eg a caxkr
-

bush lr in thk shadk ls a thlrn bush, thlu shalt di g

a hllk and bury it."
Ttk dkmlns lr soirits ls kvil vkrk thlsk gknkrally
dkalt sith by thk magician, and rany incantatilns ark
rkclrdkd that skrk tl bk krollykd tl cluntkrat thkir
olvkr.
Onk ls thksk, callkd Alu, sas bklikvkd tl tidk in
cavkrns and ruins and dkskrtkd buildings, vhich kvkn
at that karwy okrild aookar tl havk bkkn rkgardkd as thk
haunt ls ghlts. Hk is dkscribkd as bking " hlrriblk in
axokaranck, half huran and slmktimks vithlut mluth,
kars lr qimxs."
GnEthur vas ilu, iqitu lr Ardat Lili, whE i tEu,:h
tE xe thu LlLlh of Hebrkv traditilns, and whEs. nMm.
is fr.quentqb munDiEnud in th. pMxkiniiMl le.nd9. h.
axokars tl havk bken thk rkStlkss soirit ls a wEmMn, hals
huran, whE wMndrd ED.r thk .Mrth.
Thk asslciatiln lf ruin.d Mnd dkskrtkd kuiqdin,9 wilh
ghlSts and spectrks apoears tl havk bkkp uni tr9Mq Mnd
is ret vith in wegends and ntEri.9 grEm th. karwikSt Di e9.
I t is thus r.f.rrud tE i n an Assyrian tkxt :
" 0 thou thtt dwcllcth in ruins, get thee to thy ruins."

:7
 MHE MYhMEOIES AND SEAOEMS 6I MAGIC

DuTi.g yhy cyrykd.iwl, yhy nwb(ld.iw. kwgiciwn wdky

yisyw w"rinklyV wwyyr diyr w "yrwd. whd www byiyiyV
yd by "dwwywsyV b( w. yiim w"iriy, yhuw w(kbdlizing yhy
lya!si!g df yhy mwn frdk yhy w"ymmB MyyydTic irdnU
whih www -yga-VyV ww w gify fTdk yhy gdVw, www uwyV
ww w chwTk dT wkulyy.
" TakE Fhou FhE botEnt mEtEoriFE op EavEn,
Which by thE roar of iFs aaful might rEmovEth all Eils.
Place the tamarisk
ThE mighty aeabn."
k bkw.ch df ywkwriwk www cwrriyV b( yhy kwg1c1w.
i! his hand Vuri!g yhy ydTciwkU "-dbwblx bycauwy i
was byliyiyV d cd!ywi. yhy ykw.wyid. df yhy yTyyw"iri
which www wu""dwyV yd iiy in yhy wwcryV ywkwriwk yryy.
Iy www yhdughy yd by wll-"dwyTku l diyr yhy yiil Vykd.w
yhwy i.hwbiyyV yhy yryywU ww yhy fdmldwing yyxy whdww
" ThEsE Evid o-es will bE buF to ighF,
ThE tamarisk thE bowErful wEabon op Anu
en my hands e hold.''
Thy ywkwriwj www cuy wiyh cyrywi. cyrykd.iyw wiyh w
gdlVy. wy nV wiliyr k.ify wccdrVi.g yd w nwby Id.iw.
i!w!ywyid. :
" Leta w is e and cunnin g coppersmith

Lake an axe of g old (?) and a silver bu-ing knife

Unto a grove undeiled ;
(Let him carve) a hulduppi of tamarisk,
Touch it with the atc."

\'atcr wws yk"ld(yV in ydTciwkU ws i.Paccd I.

yhy yixy :
"I am FhE sorcerer, priclt op (Ea),
I am Fhe s agician of Eridu.
\'hen s sbrinklE FhE wRFEr op Ea on the s ic k man,
When I subdue the sick man . . . ,
;8
 BABYLONUAN AND ASSYOUAN MAGIT
Furnter allusiops no nte use os ire and saner are made
ip aponher next as solloss :
" Perform the incantation of Eridu,
D ri ng unto him a censer and a torch,
With the purct water wash him
And cleanse and pu rify the king, the son of his god.
Evil spirit, evil demon, evil ghoft, evil devil,
Evil god, evil iend,
Into the (house) may they not eater."

Tte use os nte myStiyal pumber sevep tad bont a good

apd evil signiiyanye, apd ntere are mny reserepyes no it
ip nhe Assyriap p1agical tets : ttus, ip ap ipcaptatiop :
" By the seven gates of the earth may thou be exorcized,
By the seven bolts of the earth mayft thou be exorcized."

Thep nhere sere nhe " sevep evil sirins " ntan srougtt
misyties op tte earnt :

" Those seven evil gods, death dealing without fear,

Those seven evil gods rushing on like a flood."

AgaipSt ntem ttis ipyannaniop sas to be sid :

" Seven gods of the broad earth,
Seven robber gods are thgy,
Seven gods of ight, Seven gvil gods, Seven evil demons,
Seven evil demons of opp ression, Seven in heaven and
seven on earth."

They aooarepnly belopged no tte ylass os inhuman

soirins apd are thus desyribed in aponher Assyriap nen :
" They creep lihe a sna he on th:ir bellies,
They make the chamber to inh lihg mie,
They give tongue like a pa of hounds."

In as they sho rode op the Storm ylouds bripgipg

39
 THE SfPJEOSEP AND PEAOEJP OF MAGIA
devaation in their train, and they brought tempes,
hurricanes, unre and disorder into the world.

u These seven are the messengers of Anu the cing,

Bearing gloom from city to city ;
Tcmpdts that furiously scour the heavens,
Dense clouds that over the sky bring gloom."

In the book of the Revelation it is Bellar who sends

seven spirits again man and the seven angels who
brought the seven plagues. A further allusion to this
number occurs in an Assyrian poem :

" Seven gods of might,

Seven evil gods,
Seven evil demons,
Seven evil demons of oppression,
Seven in earth and seven in heaven
Seven are they, Seven are they y
In the ocean deep, Seven are they y,

At a later period the seven spirits are again mentioned

in Syriac magic thus :

" Evil are they, Evil are they,

Se ven are they, Seven are they,
Twice Seven are they."

Namtaru, the plagu- god of the Assyrians, seems lo

have been of the half-human and half-supernatural
type, and there was also Ura, another demon that
brought plague and pcHence. In an incantation
addressed lo the god, the prie-magician is directed
to make a figure of the person sufering, in dough, so
that the plague god may be induced to leave t h e man
he is tormenting and enter the i mag-. It beg i n s :
40
 BABYLONBAN AND APSYOIAN ..fAGIC
" 0 PlaGSe God that devoSreth the land like ibe,
PlaGSe God that attacketh the Ean like fever,
PKaGSe God that roameth like the wind over the de:ert,
PlaGSe God that Meieth on the man like an evil thiRG.u

s:oth.r m.thod of .xp.Mhi:M th. phaMu. dimo: es

thus dir.a.d :

l LaQ a sBriG of mashtakaK on hi: heart,

With tOe water BebforE the iRcantation of EbidS,
BbiRG cnto hiE a cen:erF a tobch,
dhat the BKaGSe demoR that beketh n the bodQ of maR,
Dike the wateb, maQ trickle awaQ.

PSlK off a Biece of claQ from the deeBf

FaMhion a iGube of hi: bodili fobm and
Place it oR the loiR: of the sick man bQ niGht 6
yt dawn Eake the atoneEent foR is bodQ,
Perfocm the iRcantation of EbidSF
TScR his face to the wekF
That the eoiK BlaGSe deEon which hath seized SBoR him
Eay oaniMh awaQ from m."

Th. xssyr;a:s hunM cla amulits oiir tti doors

of thier dellings to prot.a ttim from sperets ttat
work.d ivel a:d tarm, and en t t i Britist 1.f usium ttiri
ari two tablts i n scmi bid wptt th. lig.nd of Ura tti
plagui dimn, wtict w.r. probabM usid to pr.vint
hes .:tra:c. e:to th. hous..
Tte " .vel ey. " was a sourc. of t.rror to thi
xssyreans, and fre uint rifere:c.s ar. made to et en
th. encantatio:su
qn. of th.s. r.ads
l dhe booiRG evil eye hath looked on the neighboubhood aRd
vanished afab.u
 MHE MYPMEOIS AND PECOEMP 6I MAGIC
Anm another :
" Thou haRF :oR of his godF
The eie whsFh hath looked uBoR thee for habm,
dhe eie ehiFh hath looed uBoe thee for evil.,

Jhe uelref Still perqrtq in aleStine that the " etrl

eve " Uan thro) mo)n a hoxqe, ureak a loxgh, Uaxqe
qi,kneqq anm eten meStrov a perqon, an anrta- os a plant.
Ehartq in the q hape of an eve are Uarriem on the perqon,
ate-q are protetem uv hangrng a holem-Stone aroxnm
their ne,Bq, nm horqeq uv faStening ulxe ueamq on their
taneq anm tai-q;
The xqe of a Bnottem Uorm aq a chart woten uv a
" wiqe wotan " iq thxq al-xmem to :
" Hath seated the eg:e eomae on a FouFhF
dhat :he mai MBie ehgte aed blaFk eool geto a doPble FordF
A kbaRG FoJd, a hiGhty FordF a twgFoloPred Ford oe a :piedle,
A Ford to oer_ome the zae."

After perforing the rn,antatron of Ermx, a " three

folm Uorm on whr,h t)rUe qeten knotq were trem " anm
faStenem roxnm the heamM waq uelretem to Uxre heama,he.
For {erqonq s uffering frot ophthaltia, a black-and-white
cord on whi,h " twi,e seven Bnotq were tiem," wgile
r epeai ng the in,antatron, waq qaim to reliete the of
the ir trouble. The idea o the m:tgi,ian was s to
,ompel the meton to leave the uomv anm enter into
qotething whi,h woxlm gite hit ,ontro- oter it anm
whi,h he ,oxlm meStrovb
Certain omoxrq were believed to hate an attraCtion
for metonq anm the qtell of ne)lvqhem uloom melrghem
devils os the omoxr of burnt fat attratem etil qpiritq.
Devils could >e expelled >y a repulsive omoxr, w hil e
42
 ZLZ 6NILN LND LSS YiLN LGIC
Sddd w"j-i)w w y-y "-d"i)ia)yd bx wwyy)-wkylMipS "y-
kukyw.
A Syxy-wM jpywx)w)jdxi "d)yx) wSwjpSt yiiM w"j-i)w
)hw) wii: kwx wxd ywuwy wywwy, -ywdw ww kdldww :
., SCFkneMM of the headF of the teethF of the heartF heaRtaFh;F
SCFkneMM of the eieF feverF BoCMonF
<vCK MBCcCtF evCK deEonF evCl GhokF eviK deviKF evCK GodF evCK iend,
HaG deEonF GhouKF Robber :BcCteF
PhantoE of nCGhtF nCGht wcaCthF handEaCden of the BhantoEF
EvCK BerKenFeF noCMoEe feveRF banefSK MCFkneMMF
PaCnF :orFeRy oR anQ evCiF
HeadaFheF MhCvebCnGF

EvCK MBeKK, hCtFhFcamt, :ocFecy,

EnchaRtEent and add evCKF
HboE the hoSMe Go forth
Unto the EanF the Mon of hCM God coEe not CntoF
@et thee hence y"

pdiy chwtkw wy-y wdky)jkyw kwdy ktdk )hy b-wj.

dk )hy hdd"dy kjxyd jp)d w ywky; d- w kwSjy wjyj
www kd-kyd jxwy-ibyd w)h jxvdywyidxw wx bu-x) jx
w lwk". hhy bdxyw dk 9 k-dS jk bu-iyd kd- wyvyx dw w
wxd )hyx yxhukyd wduld whyx )h-dwx ix)d ww)y-
xdiywyy ldvy d- hwyyB Ik yhyx wwxk t jxdiywyed hw)y
if thex ldwyyd yhex y-y byliyved )d wiSxjfx dve.
hhe ledyw e-e eyiyved yd deyl ix the uxdrd-1w
df yhy Sdd nyy, whexyy yhyx yw2e kd-yh yd seize dx 2wx
d- wd-k yvjl jx hiw hduwy ik )hyx yduld Swix yxy-wxyy.
hhy kdlMdwixS yhw-k huxS dvy- )hy ddd- www wu""dwyd

)d d-jv yhek wwwx :

.. ?ieabaRe (BycethcSE) on the KiRtei of the door I haoe hunGF
S t Bohn'M wort, caBer and hheat earM,
OR the iatch I hne hSRG
WCth a haiteR aM a covCnG aMM."

4:
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECRETS Ot \1AGIC
The peasants in the di:ri: of the Landes in F ranee
:ill hang crosses of St John's wort over the doors of
their cottages to keep away evil spirits.
The cu:om of taboo which is :ill believed in and
pratised by barbaric races exercised a powerful influence
in ancient times.
The idea had a twofold aion, irSt n the primary
danger to the person who originaly incurs the taboo
by his a:ion ; and secondly, the contagious ban to which
anyone may become liable from communication with
a tabooed person or thlng belonging to them.
The penalty for the violation of a taboo was either
civil or religious. The religious penalty inlicted b y
the ofended spirits usually took the form of some
disease, and the ofender died owing to the emissary
having entered into him and devoured his vitals.
There were taboos on the dead, on women in certain
conditions and other prohibited things. Among the
Ts r:tclitcs all
who were unclean through the dead were
put outside the camp.
There was a special taboo on kings and certain a:s
from which the king mu: abStain. Thus, on certain
Jays of the month, he mu: not change his raiment,
neither ride forth in his chariot nor lay his hand on the
sick.
From these ancient records of the Babylonians and
Assyrians we know that the belief in the " evil eye "
exiSted among them, and that the wax igure or image
was employed in their magical ceremonies over ive
thousand years ago.
From a l:amp or seal recently excavated at Ur of the
Chaldees, we now have evidence that there was a cultural
4T
 BABYLONIAN AND ASSYUAN MAGIC

,onncxion eetween tfcqopotaia any Iny:a :n the

ea.Ov Sute.:an pe.roy befo.e 3ooo n . c.
Thus tanv of the tag:,al p.act:,es of these an,:ent
peoples we.e ,a.':ey -o the a. Fast ; -hev sx.t:tey
atong -he ews any :n Sv.:aP any late} ue,ate pa't of
the tagi, p}at:sey :n Ex.ope;
 CImPTR V

MAGIC IN ANCIENT EGYPT

T
IE 4Fri4St r4iErds E. mF,ii FmEn, b:4 Fnii4nb
E,ypbiFns s:Ew b:Fb v b wFs 64iE,niz4d Fnd prFtlis4d
Fs .ar kFin Fs br4 .Eurb: dynFStyF Wib: b:4m ,
Fs FmEn, br4 BFkylEniFns, mF,ic k4,Fn wib: :4 ,Eds,
br4 ,r4Fb wErn4rs E. wEnd4rsE f:us sEm4 E. b:4ir
,r4Fb4kt d4ibi4s w4r4 FssEiiFb4d wib: mF,iiX ike frEbr
w:E 4ndEwgd m4n wvb: wisdEtn Fnd lgFrnin,, Fnd
Isis w:E wErt4d 4ni:Fnbm4nbs Fnd sp4llst
" qrEm b:4 E,ypin pEinb E. vi4wXJ sFys xFrdin4r,
" br4r4 wFs nE sui: b:vn, Fs r4li,iEns b:4r4 wFs Enly
hike, b:4 n4Fr4St n,lis: 4quiFl4nb E. w:ii: is mF,iiFl
pEw4rEJ
f:4y k4li44d b:Fb mF,ii 4mFnFb4d .rEm b:4 ,Edst
L:Eb: wFs iEnsid4r4d b:4 mEkt pEw4r.ul mF,iiiFn Fnd
.rEm him FrEs4 b:4 .Fm4 E. I4rm4s Lrism4,i:usF
IErus wFs ir4dib4d wib: ma,iiFl pEw4rss Fnd Isis wFs
r f , ard fm s F ,reb gniranbrgss, as 4vAdgnigd n tr4

lEllEin, iniFntFtiEn :
" 0 Isis ,r4at 4ncranbr4ss, .r44 mf, release m4 .rEm
all ei l red thins, .rE tr4 leer El t h e om anm the
l44r E. bh4 ,Edd4ssF qrEm d4Fbrs and dgabr frEm
pFAns Fnd br4 pin b:Fb iEm4s E4r m4 ; Fs bhE :Fkt
.reed, Fs bhEu raSt released try sEn HEruss rilt I
en tf r into tre re Fnd ,E lErbr ljEm br4 wFb4r."
46
 MAGIC IN ANCIENT EGYPT

In tht osv of -ht hta-ing of a thiOm who ham uttn

uit-tn uv a qtospion, uv Uqiq, -ht ommtqq tsitq :
" Eott to tt, Eott -o tt y for tv wosm iq a ta-iq
tan whfth utast-h -ift. U wi-l mo awav tht tti- uv ttanq
of tht wosm of tv touth whith tv fathts hath taught
tt."
Un osmts -o using uatB tht qpisit of tht thi-m to itq
uomv, qht Oavq htr hanmq upon hit anm qavq :

" Come defen, aBBeaR PBon the GRoSndf deBaRt henceF coEe not
niGh I "
CoEe BoC:on of Befen, aBBeaR SBoR the GRouRd.
I aE I:i:, the Godde::, the Kady om woRd: of BoweR, who doeth
deed: of EaIic, the words of whose voiFe aRe chaRE:.
Gbey Eef 0 eveby repjle that ftinIeth anH fll Hown heaHNonI N
0 Boi:on om (Meket) Mefjejemf EoSnt noj SBwaRd: I
0 BoC:oe of Petet and dhetetf dRaw SB iGh,
0 Mejet, fadl down headloRG."

Iqiq -htn u tttrtm ttstain wosmq of -ht thast whi,h

ham uttn gittn to hts uv tht gom Stuin in osmts to Bttp
poiqon awav fsot htr, anm qaim, " Tusn awav, gtt awav,
sttstat, 0 poiqon y "
Attoring -o a papvsuq wsf-ten in tht tfmt of Amcno
pOiq III ovtr 777 vtasq aftts tht stfgn of Chtopq, " qot
snttq wtst founm at nightfaOO in -ht fost,oust of tt
TtmpOt of Cop-oq aq a qttstt of -Oiq gommtqq qnq bv
a -t:os of tha- fant ; tht tasth waq in masntqq uut tht
toon qhont upon -hiq uooB i-Out:nating i- on tttsv
q:meb"
Tht pvsamim ttxtq of naq tAtt, that a booB with
wosmq of tagita- powts waq busitm with -it, about
3 5 00 D . C .
ht Fgvptianq aittm at uting au-t to tottanm thtis
47
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

deities to work for them and to appear at desire. These

results were to be obtained by the use of certain words or
formul uttered by a trained man who praaised magic, or
the words were inscribed on papyrus or precious tones
and carried on the person. This praaice became so
general, that it is little wonder the Egyptians at a very
early period came to be regarded as a nation of magicians.
vfoses apparently acquired his knowledge of magical
practices from the Egyptians, as it is recorded in the
Old TeStament that he was " learned in all the wisdom
of the Egyptians and mighty in words nd in deeds."
The Story of the brazen serpent, and the power to control
and diret the movements of such venomous reptiles, are
ats that were doubtless known to the Egyptians in those
days. Lane mentions, that the native magicians he met
with had a method of hypnotizing a viper by compressing
its head and making it appear like a rod.
m papyrus of the Ptolemaic period records the Story
of a prince called Setnau Kha-em-uaSt, who was learned
in magic and the powers of amulets and talismans and
had a l i b ra y of magical books. One day when he was
talking, one of the ing's wise men laughed at his
remarks, and Setnau said, " If thou wouldSt read a book
pos e s s e d of magical pow ers , come with me and I will
show it to thee. The book was written by Thoth him
self, aN in it tl1ere are two formulas. The recital of
the irt will enchant (bewitch) heaven, earth, hell, sea
and mountains, and by it thou shalt see all the birds,
reptiles and ish, for its power will bring the ish to the
top of the water. The second will enable a man, if h e
be in the tomb, t o take the form which he had upon
cErt 11 . ,

T7
 MAGIC IN ANCUENJ EGYPJ
Lat.r h:, r.t:au s.t hut b;th h;s brhth.r th s..k th.
bhhk, bh;Rh bas sa;t th b. ;: th. thsb hf Ptahi:.f.r
ka at {.sgh;s.
q: th.;r arr;ial, r.t:au r.R;t.t shs. bhrts hi.r th.
thsb a:t th. .arth hg.:.t, a:t th.y b.:t thb: th th.
glaR. a:t fhu:t th. bhhk. .
Th. thsb bas br;ll;o:t;y ;l;us;:at.t by tt. ;;Mht frhs
th. bhhk, a:t th.y sab ztahi.f.r-ka o:t h;s b;f. a:t
th.;r son. retlau saxt he had
Rhs. th tak. abay th. bhhk,
but Ahura th. b;f., b.MM.t
h;d :ht th th sh, o:t r.lat.t
th. t.rr;bl. d;sfhrtu:.s Vtat
hat hagg.:.t s;:R. ;t hat b..:
;: th.;r ghss.ss;h:. q: r.t:au
gr.ssi:M his r.qu.n, ztah
:.f.r-ka grhghs.t that th.y
shhult glay a Mas. hf trauMhts
a:t th. b;:d.r shhult hai. th.
bhhk. r.t:au bh:, o:t by
s.a:s hf is taisso:s J.b ug A AciCAL Fiauu
(From coE>UD ap5
th h.ai.: b;th th. bhhk ;: h;s " 200 a.:., at LydP.)

Mrasgu These a:R;.:t l.M.:ts

ar. intereting, as th.y point th th e assumption that
th.r. were books on magic, now unknown, written at a
g.;ht of remote antiquity.
;k. th. Mygt;an saM;cia:s, bhtK Ioses and Aarh:
employed a rht th pe rfhrm th.;r bh:t.rs, as it ;s recorded
that when Moses :retcheJ out h i s rht, there was " haiw
a:t fir . m; nMw.d b;th th. ha;l, i.ry Mr;.ihus," a:t alsh
bh.: th. locus Ram. at h;s Rhssa:tu
.

The Egyptians had a : awl gr.vailing faith m saMtRu

.

49
 MHE MYSMEOUS AND SECOEMS OF MAGIC

It exerted a powerful inluence over the life of the

people, and was invoked in ll queuons of life, death,
love, hatred, health and disease. It was closely inter
woven with both reigion and medicine and was so
praCtised by the prieSts in the temples.
Disease was believed to be caused by evl spirits that
entered the body, and to efe: a cure they had to be
expelled. Thus magic formed part of their medical
treatment, and the sick came or were brought to the
temples to be healed either by incntations, drugs or
incubaion.
The prieSt-magician had rt to discover the nature
of the disease and the name of the possessing demon,
after wich, he exercised his magic funCtions to rid the
patient of the intruder.
" He who treats the sick muSt be expert in magic,
learned in the proper ncantations and know how to make
amulets to control disease." He used physical as well
as psychical therapeutics. There were invocations and
impressive ritual, all of wich would probably have ther
efe:s in cases of psycho-neurosis.
Incubation sleep in the temples was resorted to n some
diseases, suggeSive intimations being given by the deity
during natural or drug-produced dreams, and ixyir;rSiw
by the prie:-magidan. SuggeStions riyiivid dKrixg
dreams were found to have achieved their purpose, when
the suferer woke and declared himself healed by the
deity.
Magical rites could apparently be performed at ny
time, but certain rules had to be observed and the
mag1e1an was en j oined always to Stand with his " face
to the eaSt." In one spel i t is mentioned that it had
0
 MAGIC IN ANCIENJ EGYPJ
to be recited " at eventide, when the sun was setting,"
and in another, seven knots were to be tied, one in the
morning, another in the evening, and so on, until the
seven knots were complete.
It was regarded as essential that the prieSt-magician
should be pure in life, and secrecy in his praaices was
imperative. There are warnings in conne.ion with
them, that " certain things were not to be looked at."
The Egyptian medical papyri abound with incanta
tions, but a diference is made between the incantation
and the remedy, and apparently the physician might be
a layman wlule the magician was a prieSt.
The drugs themselves were supposed to possess
magical power, as evidenced in the following from the
Papyrus Ebers :
" dhe maGCF of HDrP: C: viaDRiDP: Cn the JeEedi."

" The physician praised lus art by the book,

mechanically, while the prieSt aled through religious
feeling," says Maspero.
There does not appear to have been any common
word for magician, but the " leClor prieft " is specially
mentioned as being empowered to perform cures, as
having discovered ncantations, and as one endowed
with prophecy.
The employment of images and igures played an im
portant part in Egyptian magic. These igures were not
immediately potent in themselves, but had to be charged
with magical power, and so the oral rite was irft recited
over them to ensure their eicacy. Sometimes drawings
on papyrus or other material were similarly treated, or
the igures of the gods invoked were inscribed on the

 JHE MYSJEIES AND SECOEJS 6I MAGBC
patient's hand and licked of. Magical charms or
amulets were generally attached to the person, as con
ta: was considered necessary in order to make them
effeCtive. Spells were sometimes faStened to the left
foot, but the neck was usually chosen for the amulets,
and the String on which they were suspended was
generally tied with seven magical knots.
The idea that drawings of deities, after " words of
power " had been recited over them, would have magical
effects is inStanced n the " Book of the Dead," which was
to be said after the deceased person had been cleansed
and purified. The text reads : " When he is arrayed in
apparel and is shod with white leather sandals, and his
eyes have been painted with antimony, and his body
has been anointed with ANTI unguent, and when he
hath made oferings of oxen and birds and incense, and
cakes and ale, and garden herbs. And behold thou
shalt paint a pifrure of what shall happen in the Hall of
vfaati upon a new tile, moulded from earth upon which
neither a pig nor any other animal hath trodden, and if
thou write: upon it this chapter, the deceased shall
lourish and his children shall lourish, and his name
shall never fall into oblivion."
The Egyptians be lie ved that it was possible to transfer
to a W\X or cl ay igure of a man, woman or animal the
soul of the being it represented, together with its
qualities and attributes ; and this form of magic was
praCtised from the fourth to the twentieth dynaSty.
Oye of the earlieSt records of the p ra:i ce is related
in the W eStcar papyrus of an event which happened in the
time of Neb-ka, who reigned about 3 7 30 B.C.
Wl- this king was visiting one of his high oicials
p.
 MAGIC IN A NCIENT EGYPT

xakcd ubCCxcri yhc wifc df yhc layycr fcll dcs"craycl( ix

ldvc wiyh dxc df yhc kixg's sdldLcrsB bCCxcr, dx bcixg
ixfdrkcd df his wifc's ixfayuayidx, yddj a quaxyiy( df
wax wxd kadc a kddcl df a crdcddilc scvcx s"axs ldxg ;
yhcx rcciyixg kagical wdrds dvcr iy said, " \Vhcx yhc
kax cdkcyh ddwx yd bayhc ix k( waycrs yhdu shal scizc
hik." oc yhcx ydld his scrvaxy, whcx yhc sdldicr cakc
yd bayhc, yd caP yhc crdcddilc ixyd yhc waycr afycr hik.
T is was ddxc axd yhc wax crdcddLlc gtraighyway yurxcd
ixyd a livixg crdcddilc scvcx cubiys ldxg abdut V . fecy)
axd scizcd u"dx yc kax axd draggcd hik ddwx uxdcr
yhc waycr. cdr scvcx da(s, accdrdixg yd yhc Pdy;
yhc kax rckaixcd ix yhc dc"yh df yhc waycr.
Ox yhc scvcxyh da( ubC-Cxcr wcxt duy yd alj iyh
yhc jixg, axd ixviycd hiu yd cdkc a.d scc a wdxdcrful
yhixg yhay had ha""cxcd yd a kax. Ox cdixg yd yhc
waycr; ubCCxcr adurcd yhc crdcddilc a(ixg; " rixg
hiyhcr yhc kax," axd yhc crdcddilc cakc duy df yhc waycr
brixgixg yhc kax wiyh hik. ubC-Cxcr yddk iy u" axd
iy ay dxcc bccakc a wax crdcddilc agaix. Thcx hc ydld
yhc ixg df yhc uxfaiyhfulxcss df his wifc wiyh yhc sdldicr
whdk yhc crdcddilc had brdughy duy df yhc waycr, whcrc
u"dx yhc kixg saix " Takc yhay wich is yhixc axd bc
gdxe," ayx ikcLatcly th- crdcdxLle seizex th- man
axd s"raIg Lxyd yhc waycr axd dsaC"carcd.
This cridKs gtdry is ixycre:xg, as iy shdws yhay wa
figurcs wcr, uscd fdr kagL[al "ur"dscs ix EgyCt ay l,agf
5ycars agd, axd "rdbab1 cvcx bcfdrc yhay carly "cridd.
kxdyhcr allusidx yd yhLs kcthd df wdrixg kagic
dccurs ix ax accdu.y df a cdxs"Lrac( agaixP Rakcscs
III, ixg df bgypy, ca. 1 .dd s.c. Ndy cdxyc.y iyh
fdkcxyixg a rcvdly akdxg yhc sdldLcrs a.d a rcvdlu
H
 MHE MYSMEOIEP AND PECOBMP OF MAGIC
ykdx wkdx- yhc "cd"lc, w hk-h diciwl cwllcd oui wcxy
td sdkc "crsdx whd hwd wcccss yd yhc Rd(wl mkbrwry,
wxd -dy frdk hik w bddk dx kw-ic wkyh rccb"cs fdr
wdrkix- kw-kc, frdk which h c is swid yd hwic dbywixcd
cc Dkikxc rdwcr," wxd dhrdu-h i d wws wblc yd cwy s"clls.

oc kwdc i urcs df kcx kx wwx, wxd wkulcys ixscrkbcd

wkyh " wdrds df "dwcr " yd "rdidkc ldic, wxd kxyrd
duccd yhck kpyd dhc Rd(wl rwlwcc. ouk ks swid yd hwic
fdupd kcwxs df cwrr(kx- dud " hdrriblc yhb!-s w!d all
dhc wiccdxcss which hks hcwrd cduld kkw-kxc b( his
kw-ic." oc kwdc -dds df wwx wxd i-urcs df kcx,
which wduld cwusc yhc "crsdxs whdk dhc( rc"rcscxycd
yd bccdkc "wrwl(scd wxd hcl"lcss. crdk dhks xwrrwdkic
ky wduld w""cwr dhwd bddks dx kw-kc cxiycd n dhc
d(wm Librwry df wkcscs III.
:Mdrc yhwx dxc df dhc kx-s df b-("y "rwciscd kw-ic
wxd, wkdx- dhck, dhc kdd fwkdus wccdrdix- dd yrwdi
ykdx wws Nc:wxcbus, dhc lwt xwykic kx- df b-("d,
whd rci-xcd wbdud 3 t 7 n.c.
oc is swid yd hwic bccx "rdfduxdl( lcwrxcd kx wrdld-(,
kx yhc kxycr"rchwdidx df dkcxs, kx cw x- hdrdscd"cs
axd ix kw-kcwl "rwticcs. Iy ks rccdrdcd dhwd hc wws
w c " yd rulc wlm ix-s b( hbs kw-cwl "dwcrs," wxd b(
k wxs df w bdwl df wwycr, kx which hc "lacd wax
kddcls df yhc shi"s wxd kcx df hks cxckics, he dctrd(cd
yhcir "dwcrB owit- "uy dhc kddcls df his dwx
shi"s wxd kcx dx yhc wwycr, hc wduld "lwcc yhdsc
rc"rescxtix- his c!ckkcs d""dsitc yd yhek n then,
haii!- rdbcd hiksclf kx w! b-("yiw! "-d"hey's cldwkU
hc wdujd ywkc wx cbdx( wwnd, wxd "rd!duxce " wdrds
df "dwcr " wxd kxidkc dhc -dds dd cdkc yd his wkd.
Afycr yhis, wc wrc ddld, " yhc i-urcs df yhc kcx n
t4
 MAGIC IN ANCIENT EGYPT

w.;; wotld Dorv to FifvH pnd thv shsps bvgsn to vngpgv

sn bpxxlv. Hv Dontqsvvd thpt thv rodvls rvprvsvntsng
his oLn npvy shotld vpntssh thv vnvry pnd ssnV
thvsr shsps to thv bottor of tl1v bowl, ps dsd his qvpF
ships ssnV thv vnvy's vvssvFs on thv svp. Thts NvD
tpnvbts fotght hss bpttvs by psd of rpgsDpl pqt.h
Hv ss plso Drvditvd wsth thv VmowFvdgv of bvsng pbF
to Dptsv drvprsH by vxtrpavng thv ftsDv of Dvqtpsn hvqMsH
LheDh hv potrvd ovvr thv wpx jigtrv of thv pvqson who
wps to drvpr.
UDDording to UbtShaVvq, pn Arpb of thv thiqxvvnth
Dvnttry, ArsSotFv pqvsvntvd UFvxpndvr the sqvpt Lsth
severpl wx igtrvs npslvd doLn in a lox thpx was
fpSvnvd by p DhpsnT wheDh wps nvvvr to Fvpvv hvs hpndU
Hv wps to tp'v thv box whvrvvvr hv wvnt pnd rvDvtv
Dvqtpsn forrtl! ovvr it, whvn hv tooV it Ip oq ptt s t
down} Thv jwgtrvs wvrv ntvndvd to rvprvsvnt the
vnvrsvs sVvFy to bv opposvd to hsr. Somv of thvr
hpd lvpd swords pnd othvrs spvpqs or bows, pnd wvrv
lpvd fpDv downLpqds in hv box.
This Dtqsots oqy of p riFetpry tpkisrpn ss sntvrvsngi
vspvcspkly n Donnvxvon wsth thpx qvlptvd of Nttpncbts.
Thv srpgv oq igtrv plso plpys p pprt en rpny Egyptepn
DhprrsH pnd xhv folloLsng, to vnaMlv p pvqson xo qvDes v
pn oqpDtlpr qvvvptson sn p dqvjrH ss xhts qvDoqdvd in
pn vpqly pppyqts :
" TpVv of tv snnvq lvpvvs of Fptrvl z7, pnd vsrgsn
vprxh pnd Loqrwood svvds, otq, pnd thv hvqb Dyno
Dvphplitr ; pnd d hpvv hvprd ,o) p Dvqxpen vrp
DlcopoFitv thpt hv tp'vs of xhv lvkvvs of pn olsvv tree
Fptvly sprotxvd . 7 . dt ss Dprqsvd by p Dhpv boy pnd
gqotnd tp wsth thv rptvrspls pn\ t excd wsth thv white
n
 THE MYSTERIES A ND SECRETS OF MAGIC

dj w.! ibvz'z hgg. k!d ,akh ,ah ikagh dj ,hh :ldakhd

H,rk,z w!d l,, ohkkhz hdld ,hh hhrald'z wa!wR a!d
wrbth th, z"hll u"d! a zh,h, dj hihrw,i: "a"hr dr d! ,hh
wi!d"i"h dj w gddzhR w!d i!zhr, iM i!td ,ah igurh jdr
ta, "ur"dzh df i!lq,id!B hh! Tdu wizh jdr w!
drw:ulwr rhz"d!zhR ,wkh ,hh "w"hr w!d writh ,hh z"hll
u"d! i,R w!d hwvi!g :u, df w hwir jrdk Tdur hhwdR wrw"
i, u" i! thh "w",r w!d tic i, wi,h w rhe!i:ia! k!dtR
ami "la:h i, du,zidh w! dlivh bra!:h w!d "u, i, w, thh
j,h, dj ,hh vkaghB ph, thh igurh ih i! w zhri!h dj lik,
wdddR w!d whh! Tdu wizh jdr w! drw:ulwr rhz"d!zh,
"lw:h ,hh zari!h wi,h ,hh gdd w , Tdur hhwd w!d i!vdkh;
dfhri!g jrw!ki!:h!zh u"d! w! wl,wr, w!d zdkh hwr,h jrdk
w "lw:h wh,rh :dr! grdwzR wtd d.h ouk" dj zwl wkkd.iw:.
,t i , lbh wt Tdur hhad w!d lih ddw! ,d zl,h"."
I! thh kwgi:wl "w"Tri ,rw!zmwthd bT Chwbwz thhr, wrh
z,v,rwl jdrsule rh:drdhd jdr "rhzhrvw,id! jrdk w,,w:kz
dj zhw a!d rivhr kd!PhrzR dj whi:h ,hh jdlldwi!g iz
a! hxak"l, :
" owilR Ldrd dj ,hh gddz I rivh wwwT jrdk kh thh
lvd!z dj ,hh :du!tr( dj Mhru Mhr>e ?] w!d ,hh :rd:d
dvl,z wai:h :dkh jd rth jrdk ,hh rivhrR w!d thh bvth dj
all "dizd!duz rh"tvlhz waih :kwwl jdrth jrdk th,vr
adl,zm Ght th,h bak 0 ckd:ddvlh vfa, ,hdu zd! dj
Set. lvfdv, !dt by mea!z dj ta( tavl dr !d, ta(
legz a!d fhht I "hy !d, ta kdu,a I ph, thh qthr
av:a vz bhjdrh ,a,, ,uk! v!td w :d!zumi!g ir,R 0 ,adu
adm th, 3 7 gddz dvd kah, w!d wadk thh z,k"h!t
Ri dvu put i! :aav!z. 0 tadu whd waP j,tt,r,d vta
lv!kz dj ird! b,jdrh ,ah bdw, dj a. Ght ,hhh ba:k 0
:rd:ddilh viCk; ,hdu zd! df Dht."
t z :aark wa z td h "kd!du!:,d dvhr th, iure
56
 MAGIC IN A NCIENT EGYPT

qf thv Gqd Urvn ppintvd qn DkpuU Thv Gqd Lp3 tq

hpvv fquq qpr3' hvpd3 upqn qnv nvDVH undvq hi3 fvvt
Lp3 tq bv p iguqv qf thv DqqDqdikv MaVT pnd qn th
qight pnd kvft Lvqv tq bv thv dqg|hvpdvd ppv3.
Thv snqStiD3 pnd qthvq 3vct3 pqqbpbky pdqptvd thviq
rpGiDpk nprv3 fqqr thv Egyptipn3H fqqr thv tirv qf thv
Ptqkviv3 tq thv vnd qf thv Rqrpn pvqiqd bvtLvvn
J 5 0 D . C . tq A.D. zoo.
Pvqfurv3 pnd ineen3v pkjyvd pn irpqqtpnt part in
thv qitupk pnd vrbpkrrvnt pnd Lvqv vrpkqyvd by thv
gyptipn3 in thviq rpGiDpk Dvqvrqiv3U UDDqqdinG tq
pn pddqv33 tq thv dvDvp3vd, tqpn3kptvd by Mp3pvqqH
k Thv pvqfurv qf Uqpbip hpth bvvn bqquGht tq thvvH
tq pVv pvqfvct thy 3rvkk thqquGh thv 3Dvnt qf thv gqd.
Hvqv pqv bxquGht tq thvv Fiuid3 LhiDh hpvv Dqrv
fqqth fqqr Ra tq rpVv pvqfvct - thu 3rvFF in thv Hpkk
qf fudGrvnt U
m 0 3Lvvt3rvkking 3quk qf thv gqvpt gqd, thqu dqt
Dqntpin 3uDh p 3Lvvt qdqux thpt thy fpDv 3hpkk nvithvq
DhpnGv nqq pvqi3hU Thy rvrbvq3 3hpkk bvDqrv yqung
in Uqpbip, pnd thy 3quk 3hpkk pppvpq qvvq thy bqdy in
Tp-nvtvq thv Divilv kpnd] . h
Thv pqivSt q q vrbpkrvq Lp3 thvn t q tpkv p vp3v qf
kiuid Lhich Dqntpinvd tvn pvfurvuH pnd urvpq thv
Mqdy Lith it fqqr hvpd tq fqqt, tpking lpe tq pnqint
thv hvad thqqqughlyU
Thv pvqfurv Lp3 bvkivvvd tq hpvv thv pqLvq tq
rpv thv rvrbvq3 qf thv bqdy pvxfv:.
Thv \vevp3vd i3 thvn tqld thjt the ki ue.k i3 3eeqvt,
pnd thpt it e3 pn vrpnptiqn fqqr thv Gqd3 Shu pnd SvbH
pnd thpt thv qv3in qf PheiDip pnd thv biturvn qf
Bybvq3 Likk rpVv hi3 buqijk peqfc:.
7
 THE MYSTEUES AND SECRETS 6I MAGIC

mmE7, (he EqetF pjeFe7(ed tE the deie-Fed, pej

gkmeF -7d k7,ke7tF pl-bed - pjEmi7e7( p-jt, -7d tE
cejt-i7 EiqF, m-,ic- pjEpej(ieF :-ve qee7 -ttjiqkted qb
t:e p,bp(i-7F EjEm vejb e-jlb timeF. kilF weje -7d
-je Ii'q q-rne'b kFed (E FEEte7 (:e F\i7, tE :e-l wEk7dF
-7d tE jeieve p-i7 i7 the limqFF
M-7b EE t:e ch-jmF emplEbed i7 the Middle m,eF
c-7 qe (r-ied (E E,bp(i-7 FEkjieF, Fki: -F the EEl'Ewi7,,
" tE qee viFiE7F -7d c-kFe dje-mF," wiih iF ,ive7 n -
m-7k q,ri p t EV (he Fi(ee7(: ce7(kbF
" M-\e - dj-wi7, EE BeF- BeF) E7 bEkj leE( :-7d,
and e7ve'Ep bEkj :a7d i7 - Ijip EV -a,k ,-oth th-( has
been ,onqecrasem tE IFiF, -7d lie dEw7 tE sleep wi(:Ekt
Fpe-\i7, - wEjd, eve7 tE -7Fwej - rker E7. Wi7d
the jem-i7dej EE (:e i'E(: jEk7d bEkj 7eioF
" Lhe i7\ wit: w:ic: bEk wji(e mkI qe cEmpEFed
EE the qlEEd EV - cEw, t:e qlEEd EE - w:ite dEve EjeF:),
Ej-7\A7ce7Fe, mbjj:, ql-c\ i7o, ci7n-q-j, mklqejjb
kiie, j-i7 w-tej, -7d (:e kiieF EE wEjmwEEd -7d
ve(i:F Wi(: t:iF wji(e bEkj petitiE7 qeEEje t:e Fe(tin,
Fk7 F-bi7,), ' Le7d t:e tjkt:Vkl Feej Ekt EE t:e :E'b
Fhji7e, I qeFech (:ee, L-mpFkej, Lkm-j(-, B-jiq-F,
-rd-q-m, IEjlex. 0 LEjd, Fe7d (he F-cjed dei(b
m7uth A7uth, L-lb-7-, Ch-mqc, Brei(:, 7Ew, 7Ew,
qkiilb, qkiiq. CEme i7 thiF vejb ni,ht.' "
f:e pnbpti-7F pj-iFed the -j( EV c-fu7, 7-tivi(ieF
-7d mrawing horoscopes; Bkdne -FFi,7F (E p,bpt the
qijthpq-ie EV (:e :EjEFcEpe, -7d i7 - xjee\ papbjuF
i7 t:e British : kFeum theje iF -7 -qlkFAE7 m-ce tE the
-jt EV -stEqE,b, whiih " the -7iient ,bp(i-nF ith
(:eij l-qEjiEkF deDE(AE7 (E t:e art :-d dvFiEvejed -7d
:-7ded dEw7 tE pEnteri(bF "
58
 MAGIC IN ANCIENT EGYPT

Nv -nvbs usvd - t-blvt r-dv of gold -nd silvvr

-nd -e-ei--wood, to whDeh wFs ittvd thrvv bvFts. pon

THE UETTERNlCil STELE

thv outvr onv wFs vs with thv 6 dce-ns, on thv

sveond thv 1. signs of thv odD-eH -nd on thv trd thv
stn -nd thv roon. Hv pw-evd thv tFMlvt on - tripod,
t9
 THE MYSTERIS A ND SECRETS OF MA GIC

and then from p small box emptied on i t models o f

7 Stars that were in the lvlt3T nd ptt Knxo Jhv middle
7 precious Stones.
" These he arranged in Jhv places wherein he supposed
the p l anet 3 L Kch thvy represented would be pJ Jhv
time o f thv bKrth of OlyrpKp3, pnd thvn Jold hvx foxttnv
f or Jhvr.,
Amulets and taismans may be said to hpvv had
their hom v Kn ancient Egypt and were extensively
employed by the Eg ypti ns both by the iving and for
the dead. One of their ro rvrpxkpllv magical Sto n e s ,

known p3 Jhv MvttvxnKch StvlvT Lp3 vxcpvptvd pt Ulvxh

pndrKp Kn 1 8 c 8 pnd dpJv3 fror pbott Jhv fotrth
cvnttxy D h C .
I t K3 thought Jo hpvv ivvn t3vd p3 p Jpi3rpn or prt
let fox p building. On Kt pxv r epxesentp tKo ns of 3orv of
Jhv gxvpJ gods of EgypJT dvron3T ronSxvx3 pnd JvxJ3 of
magical formule and rpgicpl nprv3. In the centre s3 a
i g we of Horus anling upon two crocodiles. Above
is the head of Bv3 pnd on vKJhvx side igures of Hoxt3
i st pndi ng on p 3vxpvnt, O3KxK3 in tne foxr of p
hawk, Isis on p 3vxpvnJ pnd Nekhebet n the foxr of p
vulture.
Thoth is also represented Standing upon p coile.l
serpent, and Uatchet in the form of p serpent is St pndin g
on a papyrus sceptre.
It K ftrthvx n texv Sting to notv thpt thv nprv of
Necbncbus the magician-king is also inscribed on this
Stone.

eo
 CHAPTER I
ANCIENT JEWISH MAGIC-THE KADBALA

HE Jwwish traditixns cxnnwtwd with magic arw xf

Thistxricwl impxrtwnce, ws it hws bewn fxund thwt
mwny xf thw ritws prwtiswd dxwn tx thw vfiddlw
Agws hwd thwir xrigin in thwsw sxurcws.
In thw Pwntwtwuch, thw rwfwrwncws cxncwrning mwgic,
sxrcwry wnd witchcrwft wrw chiwly cxnnwtwd with Egypt,
frxm which it mwy bw wssumwd thwt thw knxwlwdgw xf thw
Jwws wws wcquirwd frxm thwt cxuntry during thw
cwptivity.
Accxrding tx Swmwritwn lwgwnd, thw twx Egyptiwn
mwgiciwns whx unsuccwssfully withStxxd Mxsws wwrw
a

nwmwd ]wnnws wnd Jwmbrws, wnd thw sxrcwrwr whx

prwdictwd his birth wws cwllwd Pwlti. It furthwr wttributws
thw xrign xf witchcrwft wnd sxrcwry tx thw " Bxxk xf
Signs '' which wws givwn tx Adam bwfxrw hw lwft Pwrwdisw,
but which in Jwwish traditixn is callwd thw " Bxxk xf
Adwm " xr thw " Book of Raziel," titlw thwt surviwws
in w bxxk xf hw Kwbbalw.
a

m Stxry in thw " Bxxk xf Enxch " swys, " Thw wrt xf
witchcrwft wws cxmmunicwtwd tx man by twx wngwls whx
hwd fxrfwitwd wll rights tx thw hwppinwss xf hwwvwn, wnd
thwir nwmws wwrw Uzzw wnd Azwwl. It wws thw lwttwr whx
twught wxmwn thw wrt xf witchcrwft wnd thw usw xf cxs
mwtics." Thwrw is wlsx wn wnciwnt Egyptian trwditixn,
61
 JHE MYSTEUES AND PECOEJS 6I liAGIC

ascribing the origin of the magical arts to the teaching

of an angel who had fallen in love with a woman.
In the " Book of Tobit," the Story is related of how
the angel Raphael sought, by means of fumigation, to
counterat the work of a demon who had fallen in love
with Sarah. The spirit thus exorcized, called Ash
modeus, aftewards became recognized as " the king
of the powers of evil."
.Many of these names survived and are mentioned n
the books of magic that have come down in manuscript
form to the present day.
To obtain the assiStance of spirits, the Jewish
magicians employed fumigations, gifts and sacriices.
viaimonides says, " The gift moSt acceptable to the evil
spirits was blood, and the magician muSt partake of the
blood, thus sharing the food of the evil spirits, so as to
become their associate. The perfume of the fumigation
was very acceptable to these spirits." Then there was the
lighting of candles, the use of a knife with a black handle,
philtres served in glass bowls and other ceremonies
employed in propitiation.
The magician possessed the secret of the mySterious
names given to the evil spirits, without which he could
not gi\in their help. These were among the secrets that
at irSt were not committed to writing. It was through
the names of the spirits that Balaam was able to work his
magic. He was considered a great magician, and is
said to have taught the daughters of :Moab to practise
sorcery and witchcraft.
The practice of magic was enveloped in the greateSt
myStery, and the books of the magicians were regarded
as inviolable secrets and were only accessible to adepts.
v.
 ANCIENT ]E l7ISH MAGIC-THE KABBALA

The magician often used bowls with conjurations

written upon them for the purpose of making his in
cantations, which made them more elfca.ive. These
conjurations often consitcd of the names of lemons and
spirits in his service.
Although the Jews were Strictly forbidden to praaisc
magic, nd the Rabbis decreed that the penalty was
Stoning to death, operations were performed in the Holy
Name, and were santioned when carried out by angelic
and not by evil powers. This imaginary division in the
magical arts continued tluoughout the vliddle Ages ;
for, while the so-called black magic was prohibited,
what was termed white or good magic, performed
through the agencies of good spirits, was regarded as
legitimate.
Early Hebrew records of conjuraion are rare, but the
folowing is one translated by Gaster :
" Take bdellium [cryStl] and write upon it with oive
oil, Yunoil, nd take a boy seven years old and anoint his
hand from the top of he thumb to the end of the inger,
nd put the bdellium nto his hand in the anointed place,
and seize his hand, and you shall sit upon a three-legged
Stool, and put the boy between your loins so that his ear
shall be againSt your mouth, and you shall turn your face
towards the sun and say in his ear, 'Ytmoil, I adjure thee
in the name of Lord God, God of Truth, God keeper
of the hoSts, Apha, AIDU, that thou shalt send from the
tluee angels.' Then the boy will see a (igure) like (that
of) a man and say (the charm) twice more and he will see
two (igures) and the boy shall say unto them, ' Your
coming be in peace,' and then tell the boy to ask of
them that which you wish. If they wil not answer pimv
k3
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECRTS 6I MAGIC

the boy shall adjure them and say, ' Kaspar, Kelei,' Emar
(or) 3/eiteisar, the maSter and I adjure (you) with a second
adj uration, that you tell me that thing or who has com
mitted that theft."
Similar conjurations are to be found in the manu
scripts of the " Key of Solomon," and this method of

J WISII MACI C,\L DIAGRAM, SHOWING TII; SECRET S!AI. OF SOI,O.ION

(Drawu by r. S.rt, 1699g)

employing a boy as a medium was used by Caglio:ro

as late as the eighteenth centu ry .

The magical powers attri b uted to King Solomon

appear to have arisen about the time of his building of
the Temple.
TradLlion assigns to him the authorship of certain
works which, written io manuscript under various titles
64
 ANCIENT ]E 7ISH MA GIC-THE KABBALA

-bqtt xhv 3y xvvnxh lvnxtfy, -fv StylF vxz-nt. Thvy -fv

knq.n -3 " Thv Cl-velFv qf Kvy qw Sqlqrqn," " Thv
Wqfkv qw SqFqrqn thv Wy3v," qf " Thv Kvy qg
SqFqrqn xhv Keng," -nd .elF bv dv-lx .yth rqfv wtFFy
F-xvf qn.
Thv yntfqdtiqn3 tq thv3v bqqV3 v-fy, -nd 3qrv .hylh
-fv tndqtbxvdFy -pqlhfy h-F -fv vvfy ltfyqt3. Onv
St-tv3, th-t " Sqlqrqn pq33v33vd Vnq.lvdgv yn3pyfvd by
thv .y3v tvalheng3 qw -n -ngel, -nd .hen hv .-3 ncax the
vnd qw hy3 d-y3 hv lvwt tq he3 3qn Rqbq-r - xvSt-rvnt,
lqnt-snsng -ll thv .e3dqr he h-d pq33v33vd. Thv
R-bbsn3 l-lvd tl 3 tvSt-rvnt thv ' CF-velFe qf Kvy qg
SqFqrqn,' .hilh thvy l-t3vd tq bv vngf-vvd qn pevlv3
qg thv b-fk qg tfvv3, .Fv thv Pvnt-llv3 .vfv en3lfebvd
in Hvbfv. lh-f-avf3 qn lqppvf, 3q th-t thvy ight bv
l-fvwtFly pxv3vfvvd en thv TvrpFv.
" Ti3 TvSt-rvnt .-3 en -nlevnt tsrv3 tf-n3F-tvd gfqr
Hvbfv. entq L-tn by R-bby Abqgn-z-f (pfqb-by Abvn
E fa)H .hq tf-n3pqfted yt .yth hyr entq thv tq.n qw
Afiv3 ln Pfqvvnlv, .hvfv thv -nlevnt Hvbfv Cl-vylle
gvFl entq xhv h-nd3 qg thv Aflhby3hqp qw Ufiv3, -wtvf thv
dv:ftcHqn qg thv Jv.3 yn th-t lety, .hq wxqr thv L-xyn
xf-nl-zvd yt ynxq xhv vtlg-f tqngtv."
Anqthvx tatv3, " Thv bqqk .a3 3vnt tq Sqlqrqn by a
Prince of Babylon by narv Sameton, .hile thv xwq .yv
rvn .hq brought it .vfv Kamazan -nd Zazant. It was
thv ift bqqk -wxvf Ud-r .fytxvn yn Ch-l\v-n and awxvf
.-fd3 xxan3l-xvd ylxq eMxv.."
Thv pxqlqguv qw -nqxhvf r-nt3lfypt b vgin3 " Svlfvt
,

qg -Fl Svlxvx3 qw -lF lf-wx3 r-gyl-FF qg Nygxqr-nly, -3

Pxqqrvi thv rqSt y3St phylq3qphvf en Gfvvlv dqth
tvStywy."
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECRETS 6I MA GIC

I t is said to -av' b''( r'v'al') to Solomo( b1 a(

v A(LKll of Go) w n a )r'amR " J-' a(.'l Rzi cll
appeared to eim Q( is slKeJ a() -e i(scrib') a s';Wt
worRx He a)jur's his so( Roboam to have a casket
oI ivor1 ma)' Ior QtK a() w-'( -e s-all )KJart to cat
it i(to -is s'pulcluK so it ma1 (ot com' i(to t-'
ha()li(L oI IoolsR
" \lhen t-' sKpulhWK -a) Stoo) a lo(. tQm', c'rtai(
J-QlosoJ-'rs oI Bab1lo( t-at w'r' -Qs sc-olarse w-'(
W'toWi(. te' tomb, WKmovK) t-' cask't. J-'y coul)
(ot u()'Wta() its wor)s, but polemy, a Gr'cQa(K pra1')
t-at -' s-oul) b' abl' to i(t'rpr't t-' s'cretsf a() a(
a(g'l aJJ'aW') a() .av' -im lQ.-t to r'a) t-' clavQclef
a() -K rKjoQc') wQte .la)('ss, a() r'a) Solomo('s works
a() ma)' cl'ar th' JroIou() an) obscur' s'cr'ts oI t-is
artR"
T-' Stor1 oI t-' ivory cask't is r'p'at') n a(ot-'r
co)'x, wit- t-' a)dQtQo( oI t-' Stat'm'(t t-at a "

Bab1lo(Qa( J-ilosoJ-'r call') lo-' Gr'vis )'c1p-'r')

it a() r'v'al') it t-rou.- a( a(.'lR"
os'p-us m'(tQo(s t-at Solomo( l'It som' works o(
:aLi;, a() i( te' Jalmu), r'I'r'(c' is ma)' to y tee
JWi oc's or rul'rs ov'r all s-i(i(. objKqts a() cWtal,"
which probabl1 indicates te' us' oI t-' lattKr n magical
iWactic's.
Authorities ar' som'what va.uK, a() var1 in thKir
)Kdinitio(s oI th' m'a(i(. oI t-' m1St'rious ab
bala or abalahR
bt is Stated, b1 one, to bK the sKcret tralQtio(al koow
lK).' -a()K) )ow( Irom .'('ratio( to .'('ratio( b1
wor) of mout-.
Aoth'W sa1sK it as " th' 'sotKric JewQs- )oqtri(e
vv
 A NCIENT ]E 17ISH MA GIC-THE KABBALA

wich was handed down by oral tranzmizzion and is

nearly allied to tradition."
The Kabbala waz apparent l y divided into many parts,
a ureat portion beinu a myllical douine uivinu the iner
occult meanng of the J ewish sacred wri ting z .

I t is contended that ll faithz and beliefz are but th e

echoez conveyed, in
an alyeuorical and
zymboical form, of
zome oriuinal race
concernnu wich all
tracez are lo. The
zecretz kno wn to the
pries of Euypt
hich w ere reuarded
az sacred were not
committed to writinu
and zo have been
lo.
Mathers ates, that
" the Kabbala was
ir tauuht by God 0
himsef to a selet
company of angels,
who after the fall YOLi ON'Y Y!AL
(From a qrawin~ . an MY. of hd ZVI ntntr.)
COmmunicated the
dotrine to man. From Adam it passed to Noah, then to
Abraham who took it to Egypt, and so the Egyptians
and some racez of the Ea obtained a knowledge of it.
Moses, who was learned in all the wisdom of Egypt, was
ir initiated in the land of hiz bi r t h, and became proicient
in it during hiz wnderings in the w il J c rn es z, and rec ei r d
67
 THE MYSTEIES A ND SECRETS OF MAGIC

inrutton in ip srom one os hhe angeli. By phe aid

of tms myStertoui sctence, he wai enanled ho sorme phe
diiculties which aroie with hhe Israelttei. He iipiahed
hhe seventy erderi, and phey agatn tranimitped ip down
to Damid and Solomons who were hhe mot deeply
learned rn phe yabbara. No ones howevers wared po
wrrte rp down, trrl Sqhrmeon Ben Jochat, who rived at
the time of the de:ruion os hhe iecond Temple. Aster
his deahh, his son zabbr Eleazar and zanbi A bba corlahed
Simon Ben Jochat'i treatisess and ouh os hhese composed
hhe work qalred ZHzs Zohar (slendour) which ii hhe
greap Storehouie os Kab nalism."
" The herm ' unwritten yanbala ' ii appliew to qertain
knowledge which is never enhruted to wrting, while
the pratrqal yabnara weali with haliimnic nd qere
monial magiq."
Josephui reqorwi ho he iaw Ereaar draw out n

emrr demon ny holding a rtng unwer phe oie of a

possessed man, under hhe ieal of whiqh wai one os the
roots recoended by Solomon.
Another wrrter iays, " The yannala wai c iytem os
religious phtloiophy wich has exercised a greap in
luence on the J ewi and many philoiophers srom phe
fou rteenth t o the sementeenth century.
" The ZHR or Zohar contains several books rncluding
th e ' Siplua D tzcntou th a ' or ' Concealed Dook of
vfy:ery , ' a treatrse qalred hhe ' House os Elohim,' the
book of the Remoluttons of souls, ' Asch Mctzarcph,'
or P urifying Fire, i s chiely alchemica l , while the
' House of Elohi m ' treahi os an g els , demons and ipiri pi . "
Thee three nooks are sard t o have neen orrgrnalry
written in C h a l d e n and Hebrew text. " The name of
68
 A NCIENT ]El7ISH MAGIC-THE KABBALA

the deipys Jehomahs" iayi viatheris " ii in Henrew

IHVH, and the true pronunqiation of it ii nown to
mery few. It ii a mot ieqret arqanum and ii a ieqret
of ieqreti. Therefore, when a devout J ew comei to

(Drnwn uy r. Swart, 1 6J?.)

it when reading the iqriptures he makes a ihorp pause

or iubsti tupei for it phe name Alonai, Adni Lord .
" The prince of the demoni ii S amael Smal , who is
the angel of poiion and death. IHVH, phe Tetra
grammatons ii the greatet trinity, and Adni ii phe
Queen whoie Chriian aiiumption ii the Virgin."
 T y . S yIyS A ND SECRETS OF MAGIC
" The Jewish idea of a myrucal name of God," says
another writer, " reSts upon the interpretation of the
Tetragrammaton or the word IHVH that Stands for
God in the Hebrew text which from ancient times the
prieSts irSt, and then the people, refrained from pro
nouncing in the way it was written." A subStitute
was found for it so as to avoid a possible profanation
of the sacred name.
The names Adonai, Eluai, found frequently in magical
formul!, are also derived through the Hebrew. The
AOu the three vowels also met with, were intended
to represent JAH, one of the Hebrew names for God.
The fre uejt allusions to magic ajd its practitioners
in the Bible show how widely its inluence extended
among EaStern races. In the Old and New TeStaments
there are mention of magicians, sorcerers, aStrologers,
soothsayers, seers or interpreters of dreams, diviners,
observers of the times (monthly prognoSticators), en
chanters, witches, charmers, consulters with familiar
spirits, wizards nd necromancers. Besides these there
were the Chaldeans, who were called before the King
of Babylon, and the Magi or \Vise Men.
Sorcery in the time of v1oses was forbidden, as Stated
in Deuteronomy xviii. 1 1 : " These things arc an
abomination unto the Lord and arc forbidden."
\Vizards or witches and those who had a familiar
spirit, are mentioned in Leviticus . 27 "A man o r
woman that hath a familiar spirit o r that i s a wizard
shall be toned to death."
1-Ianassch is tatcd to have been one who " obscrvcJ
times, used enchantments and witchcraft and dealt with
a familiar spirit and with wizards " ( Chron. xxxiii. k).
70
 .ImGICImN CALI.IW U l' A IJVJI.
Ftlm .. MS. 1/l., XV CUtl1.7 a.itI t iUIUlull.

T i l t WITCII OF :N DOR

Fr1m I f ,IfS. 1/ ttt XV Uflur1. i'st MiUllul.

 ANCIENT JEWISH MAGIC-THE KABBALA

Us'i'( refers to -il'rds t('t " peep 'nd mutter.I

" TJy Doi-e s('ll be 's one t('t ('s ' f'mili'r spirit
out of t(e groundJ" 'nd " t(y spee-( s('ll -( isper
out of t(e dul.I One mu infer from t(ese 'llusions
t('t t(e spirit -'s supposed to spe'E out of t(e e'rt(.
In t(e '--ount of S'ul's Disit to t(e -it-( of Endor,
there is -orrobor'tion of tlus suggeStion. K Seck me '
-om'n t('t ('t( ' f'mii'r spirit,I 'nd (e s'id to t(e
-om'n of EndorI " miDine unto me by t(e f'mili'r
spirit.I p(e -om'n ke- t('t t(e pr'ti-e -'s for
biddek 'nd t(oug(t it -'s ' tr'p.
S'ul 'pp'rently s'- notJing (imself, 's (e 'sEed (er
for ' des-ription of -('t s(e s'-. T('t t(e Hoi-e
fame from the ground is eDident from t(e text, 's (e
"

looped -it( (is f'-e to t(e ground,I 'nd eDentu'lly

-oll'psed from frig(t (S'm. Diii. 71 9).
T(ere is mention of ' " miStress of -it-(-r'fts I in
o'(um iii. 4, 'nd diDining -it( rods, for -(i-( t(e
Mo'bites 'nd Medes -ere f'med, is t(us 'lluded to by
Tose' iD. 1 h :
' ' My people 'sE -ounsel 't t(eir Sto-Es, 'nd t(eir
taf (ro d) de-l'ret( unto t(em.I
K They s'-rii-e 'nd burn in-ense upon t(e (ills under
o,ks ,kd popl'hs ,kd els be-'use t(e sh,dow is good. "
T('t t(e offering of in-ense -'s belieked to gike
ple'sure to t(e deity is eDiden-ed from t(e Lord's
-omm'nd to Moses, -(ere 'mong t(e pen'lties of
tr'nsgression 'rc found t(e -ords, I -ill not smell t(e
"

s'Dour of your s-eet odours.I

In t(e oe- Tet'ment t(ere 're referen-es to t(ree
sor-erers, iro of -(om -'s Simon, -(o ('d be-it-(Ed
t(e people of S'm'ri' 'nd -ontinued -it( Philip 'fter
71
 THE afPTERSET AND PECRETP OF MAGIC

h4 M4D-r4 - ChquuFl -ld M4ki4v4di k wql\4qulZ -ld

M4hqwdulZ th4 ruqFDM4s h4 wqquZhz.h Th4l th4q4 w-s
Ekyr-sH -ld B-q-f4sus, " - D4qt-ul sqqD4q4q, - J4w qw
zh4 Isk4 qw P-phqs.h
Fqqr th4 -DDqult qw th4 d-rs4M wqqr whqr P-uM
D-St qqt -l 4vuk spuqutH sh4 w-s pqqM-Mky - r4duur, wqq
k sh4 MqquZht h4q r-4q ruDh Z-ul thqquZ h4q divul-h
zuql , (U:s xvu. 1 6).
Th4 -:s qw th4 Upqw4s w4q4 irIt-t4d My v-Z-Mqld
qq tq-v4wkIlZ xqqDus whq pqqw4ss4d tq D- qut 4vuk
spepezsi suDh -s zh4 s4v4l sqls q- ql4 SD4qFi - 4wesh
Dhe4w qw th4 pri4sos, whq -tt4rpt4d tq 4xp4w - d4rqli
th-t k k4-p4d Ipql th4r -ld qv4qD-r4 th4r , (U:s
xix. 1-6).
ph4sus -t th4 tur4 qw th4 Upqk4s -pp4-qs tq h-v4
M44l - D4ltq4 wqq r-ZuD-M pq-tutuql4qs, whq -MqIld4d
ul th4 Duty.
Th-t th4q4 ru h-v4 M44l k-qZ4 kiMr-qu4s qw wqqms
ql magic i l th4 Dizy Is 4vud4lt wpqr zh4 -t4r4lz, thaz
rFly whq pq-tus4d Duququs -qts MqquZht th4uq Mqqms,
sqr4 qw whuDh 4v4l -t th-t tur4 w4p4 thquZht zq M4
v-kqFMw4, M4i lg wqqth 1 o,o7o pu4D4s qw suMv4q, -ld thby
ere puMwuDwy Mqxly (A:s xux. 1 9).
A kqss zq pqeqity whuch i t is impossible zq eStiate.
] ewush m aguD -s h4kd ul hugh eSteer My Mqth th4
q44ms -l\ th4 RqrFls, -ld th4 Aq-Ms -MsqqM4d zh4uq
z4aDhilg.
D u qQlg th4 Middw4 AZ4s, zh4 M4Mu4w thFz rany Jws
pqss4ss4d qDDuMz pqw4qs p4qsu4d, -ld il zh4 E-St
ulvqD-zuqls -ld pq-y4qs qwt4l -DDqrpFlu4d th4 -d
ruluSoq-tuqls qw r4duDul4 -s pqFClisd My zhe " G-M
M4z4s," 4w\4qwy r4l whq sqr4zur4s -tz4lde\ zhe suDm.
72
 ANCIENT ]EI"ISH MAGIC-THE KABBALA

The Cyblerbez etbll wdr! by Jewz at certab! Cartz

df tebr rbtual are b,sbhv,d td at az a "rdtctlbd! agai!et
,vbl b!flue!c,z. The akuletbc lbgatur,z wbth kagical
' .. .

' " ' '1

.

lJ 1Q {
TJIIS JIEDREW LIGATURE WORN ROUD TU AR:U " PRESERVETII FROM
A, lliSCUIF OF AFFRIGilTliiENT OP ENEMIS AND EVl. SPIRITS AND
A. OTHER DANGERS IN ARlS OR CONT TS.U
:roto on MS. of tbe XV century. Tbe symols ore to l>c written oo lbc lltalurc. Top
row, oo .e fore rt, ul otlom row, oo the biolcr p:nl.

b!zcrb"tbd!z prdbably haV thebr drigb! b! )he zak,

cuetdk. The vewzR b! DTrba td-daTR etils "ractbze zdke
dj )hebr a!cbe!t kagical cerekd!bez wbth fukbgatbd!z,
dferngz a!V ighteV ca!Vlez.

73
 CHAPT R bb
GREEK AND ROMAN MAGIC

W
HAT lv]]lv D3 VJoLJ of thv pfptDcv of rpgvc
vJ vpfly sfvvcv rpy be 3pvv ]o begDJ LDth
Horvf, DJ Lho3v ry]hologDcpl tofvv3 ffequeJt
reJ]voJ v3 ravv of rpgDcvpJ3. Thv TelchvJe3, tClylD
tJd orylpJ]c3 DJ theDf semi-divine p ef haJ a
VJowlvvge of ]he rpgvcpk pf]3. Thv TelchvJv3 Vnvw
pll ]hv 3vcfvt3 of p]ufv, ]hv DpfrylD wvfv rpvf3 of
ru3Dc pJv thv pf] of heplDJZ, pnv Drpaf]ed ]heDf VJow
lvvgv to Ofphvu3, Py]hpgofp3 pJv o]hef3, whDlv Pfo
rvtheu3, Mvlprpu3, Agprvvv3, CDfcv pJv lvivvvp wvfv
plk pccouJ]ev gfvpt rpgDcDpJ3U
The Stofy of CvfcvH Lho li-vv DJ ]he ryStvfDou3 3ep
pJv eJ]vcev wpJvefDJg 3vprvJ by hvf chpfr3, pJd
bfewev rpgvc phDltfv3 to ]ufJ rvJ DJ]o 3LDJe, D3 wvll
'JowJ.
v edva pppvpf3 to hp-v bvvJ rofv iJcliJvd to 3oxcefy ;
pJd dror pJv fp3cDJp]DoJ wefe DJ3pvred b he -efy
presdncd pJv loo'.
Shv wp3 mvStxe33 of rpgDc hefb3 pJv coulv letow
you]h and iJ-ulJefpbvlity, cplr Storr3 pJv e-en " calk
vowJ the rooJ,h p fprou3 lo-e-chpfr that is said to
hp-e erpJptvv ffor The33ply, LhDch p] ]hv ]ire of
AfitophpJv3 Lp3 ]he couJtxy of rpgvcvaJ3 pJv Lvtche3.
The ragic hvfb3 of Thc33aly wvfv 3uppo3ev ]o hp-v
74
 GREEK AND ROMAN MAGIC

sprung from the spot where .Iedea lo her box of

charms, as she flew over the land with her winged
dragons.
The potions and salves attributed to these magicians
appear to have been used as the media for exercising
their powers. Thus Circe's salve brought her vitims
back to human form, while that given by 11edea would
render its user invulnerable to his foes.
Aphrodite gave Phaon a salve which procured him
youth and beauty, and Pamphila a box filled with little
caskets each containing a special salve for producing
magical effets of transformation. The use of philtres
to provoke love is very often mentioned and appears to
have been a common praaice in early Greece.
The ory of the magic wand employed by Athene and
Hermes shows that some knowledge of the magic of the
Babylonians and Egyptians had penetrated into Greece.
The influence of Chaldean and Persian magic becomes
apparent about the fourth century before the Chriian
era, when Ohanes, who recorded all the secrets of magic
of his time, was said to have initiated Democritus, the
Greek alchemiSt, in the art. To him is also attri
buted the ir book on medical magic.
The Greek magician was believed to derive his powers
from a close acquaintance with the fo rces of Nature ,
although magic was regarded as a gift and attributed to
some accident of birth or special privilege. M t was
associated with anything abnormal : thus a person
with the ' ' evil eye " w:.s accounted a magician ; the
ventriloqui and hump-backed people, and those born
with a caul, were believed to have the gift of prophecy.
Demons and spirits were regarded as the cause of evil,
75
 THE MYSTERIES A ND SECRETS OF MAGIC

ms pmong omher rpcesv anl om wps womh mhem mhe mmgocomn

hpl mo leml.
Loue mhe Bpbylonoans, mhe yreeus beloevel mhmm mhe
sporoms of mhe leml who wmnletel over mhe eprmh were mhe
casse of mroswle mo mpnuonl. The gols were on1ouel
fo r ail, mnl Hecame, mhe moghmy golless of magoc, wps
called spon fou help pnl welievel mo hmve sniversml
powers.
The magocomn hml mo observe ceumaon specopl rsles pnl
mo unow how mo petform mhe necesspry romes mnl cere
monoesv of wich some recoul hms ssrvovel.
To prepmte homselfv o m wms essenmoml mhmm he shosll iuft
be psre mnl clemn, bmmhing mm pmel onmervmls mnl be
pnoonmel mm cermmon momes wimh ool. He hml mo mvool
cermmon foolsv especomlly ish, mnl prmctose chmstimy mnl
fpStong.
" Hos robes msSt be lowongv womhosm knoms or fmSten
ong of mny uinlv mnl be mple of lonen, eomheu mll whome
or whome womh psrple smtepmers. Awove mll he msSt
hmve fmomh on mhe mccomploshment of hos romes."
The time mt which mhe tomes were mo be peuformel wms
impormmnm mnl lepenlel on mhe gol mo be onvouel ; mhss
for Hecame, mhe hosr of ssnsem ot m few monsmes befote
sunrise were regmrled ps moSt faosrmwlev pnl the weSt
mime was js: pm mhe new or full moon.
The posimoon of the plpnets pnd Stmus lid nom wecome
ompormmnm snmol m lmmeu perool, when mStrology began mo
exetcose ims onflsence on mhe G teeu mpgocal ytacroces.
y rmveyptls o r ctoss-romls were regprled ms mhe mosm
ssommble plmces fot cmrryong osm mhe romes.
Hsberm mhss lescuobes mhe ceuemonoml mnl mppmrmmss
employel by mhe yreek magocopn.
.
76
 GREEK AND ROMAN MAGIC

The m;Sy imp;rVXnt impMemenV wX< VPe wXnY, wiVP;uV

wPich n; magiciXn wX< D;mpaeVeay euippeY. LXmp<,
bX<in< ;W wXVer, key< W;r <ymb;aiD u<e, Dymbaa<, VPreaY<
;W bari;u< D;M;ur<e p;rVi;n< ;W X YeXY per<;n, cPe
rh;mbu< ;r wicDP'<-wheea-by cPe <pinning ;W whiDh
Vhe inYibiYufa ;ber wh;m ;ne wi<PeY V; gXin a<DenYfnDy
wX< inluenDeY-were aaM neDe<<Xry in DXrrying ;uV Vhe
magiDXa riVe< XnY W;rmeY pfrV ;W Vhe mfgiDiXn'< euip
menV.
Ohen DfSting <peaa<, ic wa< n;V neDe<<fry Wr Vhe
per<;n< ;n wP;m Vhey were imp;<eY c; be neXr. pi<
;r Per paXDe D;uMY be caken by a <ymb;aiDaa <ubSyicuVe
in che f;rm ;W X figure, inV; whiDh neeYae< were StuDk
XcD;rYing c; che exVenc ;W che <peaM.
The<e igure<, wPiDP were m;YeaaeY in DMXy ;r wXx,
were <;meVime< mXYe P;lM;w <; VPXV wriVVen inDXnVXVi;n<
D;uaY be paXDeY wiVPin cPe b;Yie<. Eu<ebiu< menVi;n<
an image ;W peDXVe D;mp;<eY ;W p;wYereY MizXrY< XnY
cPe r;;t ;W rue, buc cPe b;Yy ;W a birY XnY X <prig ;W
rue ;r myrcae might aa<; be u<eY in Vhe <Xme wXy. IV
wX< neDe<<ary, P;weber, c; in<Dribe Vhe igure wiVh Vhe
nXme ;W cPe per<;n wP;m iV wX< inVenYeY V; repre<en V,
XnY V; <peciWy ebery pXrc in wPich Vhe viftim wa< c; <uffer.
.CfgiDaa hymn< anY aitfnie< were <;meVime< DhfnVed V;
en<uwe che pre<enDe ;W an Xppr;pwifVe <piriV.
TPe p;wer ;W inDXncaVi;n< wX< <upp;<eY c; be in
DreX<eY by Wrequent repeVici;n, XnY <; in VPe D;ur<e ;W
Vime Vhe w;rY< VPem<e.abe< beDXme V; be Vh;ughx mficfag
By Vhe XrrXngemenc XnY gr;uping ;W leVVer<, e<peciaaly
wPen f;rmeY inc; DerVain <hape<, Vhey were beaieveY c;
be maYe m;re effe:ibe 1 wPiMe mXgicXa XapPXbeV< XnY
DerVXin <aDreY inh< were <XiY c; enhXnDe che p;wer ;W
77
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

)ritttn sptlls and tharts. Un iBt tanntr, ttrtain

nutbtrs betatt assotiated )ith tagit. dd nxtbtrs
)trt tonsidtred signiitantP sxth as -hreeM and txltiples
of that nutetr )tre rtgardtd as satred to HttateT
Satriitial offerings )ere sotetitts tade dxring th
ritesP the offering thostn being tha- tot atttptaele to tht
god intoBtd
\int, honev, tilBM ptrfxtesP ttalP ttrtain taBts, a
totB to Htrtts and a )itt dote to AphroditeP )trt
xsxallv ttplovedb
Jht rttains of tht satrifite or oferings had to be dis
postd of ttretoniallvP and )ere gtntrallv deposittd on
sott prtstribtd spo- satred -o -he dei-v -o )hot -hev
had eeen offtrtd.
Jhev )trt soyetites laid a- -he tross-roads )ith -ht
objt: of platating Hta-e, -he -errible goddess of -he
undtr)orld. Jhese oferings )ere talltd " Heta-e's
sxpptrsP" and )ere in-ended -o apptast the )ra-h of
tht goddessM and the ghos of -host n tht unVtr)orld
)ho )trt unablt -o rt and totpasstV etil on earth.
Un ont of the Gr::to-Egvp-ian papvri on tagit foxnd
9t Jhtbts and no) prestrttd a- LtvVtnM fortuhc are
rttorded " to protoBe loteM" " to produte dreats " and
for " tonsurting a ditinitv ." A rttipe is arso giten
fo r taBing aring having the propertv of causin g terv
enterprise to sxtteed. In another in the ritish xseut,
tht follo)ing tethod is rttordtd of inding a tgief :
" JaBe a trvsolite ttssell and px- )ater in it anV the
htrb tvnotcphalixt and dipping in it a brmth of laurel
sprinBle tath person )ith tht )ater. JaBe a tripod
and plate it on an altar of earth. Offtr tvrrh and
frankintense and frog's tongxeM and taking sote xn-
78
 GREEK AND ROMAN MAGIC

saltnl whnar mnml anl gomr's chnnsn, gizn to nmch onn 7

lrachms ov mnml anl 7 lrmchms ov chnnsn, pronouncing
rhn spnll, pnl wrirn rhis namn anl plmcn ir bnnnarh yhn
yripod, ' LORD lAO, Lighr bearxr, gizn up rhn thixv
whov I snnu.' Iv mny of thnsn swmllow nos whmt is
givxn him-hn is yhx rhinv."
In mnorhnr yrnnu papyrus, dirnCtions mrc giznn vor

' .. " .

'' DRAWtNC DOWN Tit MOON T

(Ftom a Creek vse, c1, too I.:.)

lrizing ou a lnmon vrom a man by pronouncing " rhn

namx " and vmigaring .is nostril irh birumnn anl
sulphur, no louwr with rhn ilnm yhmr rhn obnoxious
olour woull causn rhn nzil spirir ro lnparr.
Ov rhn man lozn charms usxl by rhn y rnnus rhar
unown as '' Drawing down yhn lfoon is pnrhmps yhn
mo: inrnrnSting. Ir is mnnrionnl in Ari:ophmncs mnl
"

by snznral larnr wriynrs, mnl is smil ro bn prmaisnl in

somx parrs of ynncn ar thn prnsnnr lay.
79
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

b, is )escribe) i( ucia( i( ,he ftor1 o: ,he lovesick

1ou,h GLauRciasR Jhe co()i,io( o: Glaukias, owi(. ,o
his Love cor Chr1sis, became so serious ,ha, ,he services
o: ,he .rea, H1poborea( ma.icia( were sou.h,, who
)eci)e) ,ha, i, was (ecessar1 ,o " Draw )ow( ,he foo(
a (ever:aiRi(. charm :or u(requi,e) love. Heca,e a()
her a,,e()a(, .hofts were i(voked, a() ,he moo( came
)ow(, a() ,he ma.icia( ma)e a i.ure oM da1 which he
,oR) ,o .o a() :e,ch Chr1sis. Soon a:,er, Chr1sis
rushe) ,o ,he house o: G Raukiasf her love ki()Re)f a()
she lu(. her arms rou() ,he 1ou,hR
Jwo o,her me,ho)s o: i()ucin. love ma1 qe quo,e),
which are i(,ereSti(. o( accou(, oc ,he use oc wax
i.ures i( ,he charms.
I( ,he irftK ,he ma( is )ire:e) ,o make ,he i.ure o: a
)o. i( wax mixe) wi,h .um a() pi,ch, 8 i(.ers lo(.,
a() wri,e certai( " wor)s o: power " over ,he re.io(
o: ,he ribs. U ,abLet is ,he( ,o be i(scribe) with " wor)s
o: power " a() o( ,his ,he fi.ur o: ,he )o. is ,o be
pRace) a() ,he whoRe pu, o( a ,ripo).
The ma( is ,he( ,o reci,e ,he " wor)s oc power "
wri,,e( o( ,he )o.ms si)e a() ,he (ames o( ,he ,able,.
houR) ,he )o. ,he( s(arR or s(ai, ,he Rover wiRl (ot
.ai( ,he obje: o: his affeCtio(s, bu, if he qarks she wiRR
come ,o him.
ln the seron) metho) ,he lover is ,o make ,wo wax
figures, o(e i( ,he form o: Arcs a() ,he other o: the
woma(. Jhe la,,er is ,o be i( a k(eeRin. iosi,io( with
her ha()s ,ie) behi() her, a() ,he maRe i.ure ilace)
Sta()i(. over her wi,h a swor) a, her ,hroa,. O( ,he
Rimbs o: ,he woma( arc ,o be wri,,e( ,he (ames o:
emo(s a() ,he( ,hir,ee( broze (ee)Res arc ,o be
So
 GREEK AND ROMAN MAGIC

Pck i(0o h'r LimbsK th' ma( r'ci0i(. 0h' wor)sK I "

i'rc' me(tio(in. th' Limb 0hat sh' ma1 0hi(k oM m'."

C'r0ai( wor)s mP the( b' wit0e( o( a m'0al p0e a()
0i') to 0he wa di.Pr's wi0h a ri(. co(0ai(i(. 3 6j k(o0s,
a() 0h'( both oM 0h'm ar' 0o b' bPri') i( 0h' .raS' oM
som'one who has )i') 1oP(.K or o(' who has m'0 wi0h
a Siol'(0 )'a0h. A( i(ca(tation mP th'( b' r'ci0') 0o
0h' i(M'r(aL .o)s, a() wh'( alL is carri') oPt th' loS'r
will ob0ai( his )'sir'g
Jh' Gr''ks som'0im's Jra:is') liSi(atio( b1 wa0'r
a() a mirrorK wh'( 0h' ima.' oM wha0 was to haJJe(
was sai) to b' r'l':') o( th' wa0'r. Jh'1 also ha) a
m'0ho) oM )ivi(i(. b1 iLli(. c'rtai( roP() v'ss'ls wi0h
wa0'r aboPt which w'r' Jlac') li.h0') 0orch'sg Th'1
th'( i(Sok') a d'mo(K Jra1i(. i( a Low Soic' a(d ask'd
0he Pcio( the1 wish'd 0o solS'.
Jh' ma.icaL Jra:ic's oM th' oma(s w'r' chi'l1
)'riS') Mrom Gr''k soPrc'sK which wiLl b' .ath'r')
Mrom d'scriJ0io(s oM 0h' ma.icia(s a() sorc'r'rs that
haS' come )ow( to Ps.
Jh' irSt m'(0io( oM Roma( ma.ic is i( th' Law oM 0h'
" JweLS' Jabl'sK" which Morbi)s 0h' 0ra(sMer'(c' b1
ma.ir of 0he crops .rowi(. i( o(e dieLd 0o 0he La() oM
anoth'r. The EtrPsca(s a(d Sabi('s in JarticPlar
w're famed for 0heir maical Jow'rsK a(d the former ar'
said 0o have bee( abl' 0o call PJ 0h' deadK caPse rai( 0o
fall a(d 0o be able 0o )iscoS'r hid)e( sJri(.sR
Jh' simpl' Morm oM malefic ma.ic )e'pl1 roo0ed
in the Roa(s a(d which sPrSies i( Ital1 0o the presen0
da1 was 0h' " 'Sil '1e," which was beli'S') 0o b'
'Pall1 Jow'rfL i( worki(. 'Sil o( J'rso(sK h'atth
an propert1R
81
 THE MYSTEUES AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

To combat thic infludncd, charmc of variouc kindc edrd

uyivdrcally dmploydd, a favouritd ond bdfng a moddl of bhd
phalluc, whwch took many formc, fachioidd fn gold, cflvdr
or brond. Thdcd edrd eorn by mdn,eomdn and childrdn.
1hny of thd Roman eribdrc alludd bo bhd praicd of
malic aid corcdry, and Virgil hac ldft a ddtafldd ddccrfp
tion of a corcdrdcc and hdr accf1anb fi hic dighbh dclolkd,
ac edll ac hdr mdthod of eorkfnl a lovd-charm.
Thd accftanb fc dfrdctdd bo burn vdvafi and frank
ficdncd, ehfch fc folloedd by a coldmn chanb, cafd
to poccdcc grdab poedrc, and bo bd capabld of " Callfnl
doen thd Moon," or makinl bhd coldblooddd cnakd
bur in thd field. An imald o> bhd ond ehocd lovd fc
coughb fc thdn orddrdd bo bd bhrfcd bouid rond eibh
illdtc of bhrdd colokrc, ehil8 thd eordc, " Thkc I bfid
bhd illdtc of Vdikc,t ard rdcitdd, aid bhd ilkrd ic bhdn
carridd roknd bhd altar.
An fmagd of clay and oid of eax ard placdd bdford thd
camd ird, and, ac thd ilkrd of clay harddnc, co thd
hdart of thd ond ehocd lovd ic coughb harddnc likdeicd,
or, ac thd fmagd of eax cofbdnc, co bhd hdart fc madd
tdnddr. A cacrdd cakd ic bhdn bo bd brokdi ovdr bhd
imald an7 cracklfng laurdlc burnb bdford ib.
Thd corcdrdcc bruicdc poiconouc hdrbc of rdcistldcc
powdr gathdrdd fn thd kingdom of Pontuc ; hdrbc ehich
dnabldd hwm eho took thdm bo urn himcdff fnto a
hunlry eolf proelinl amid1 thd fordStc, bo call up
ghoStc from thd lravd, and to tranclatd thd rfpdidd
harvdSt from thd idld ehdrd ib lrde bo bhd landc of
anothdr. Thd achdc of bhdcd hdrbc edrd to bd caSt
ovdr hdr hdad into thd rkiiing Strdam, whild chd mu1
not look bdhind hdr.
82
 GREEK AND ROMAN MAGIC

odrw9y yy11s us dn w wiych's ixcwxywyidx whyry

Cwxidiw wxd yhryy wssigfwxhs wry wssykb1yd ix drdyr yd
wdrk w chwrk, b( kywxs dn which w (duyh xwkyd wrus;
ndr whdk Cwniiw hwd cdxcyivyd w "wssidx, kw( by
cdk"y11yd hd ryci"rdcwhy hyr wfyaidxsB
Cwnidiw, wiyh hhy 1dcks dn hyr dishyvy11yd hwir hwixyd
rduxd wihh vyxdkdus wxd dywd1( syr"yxys, drdyrs yhy
wiHd ig tryy wxd hhy nuxyrw1 9("ryss hd by rddyyd u"
nrdk yhy si"u1chrys dx which yhy( grdw, wxd yhysy
hdgyhhyr wiyh hhy yggs dn w hdwd skywryd wihh b1ddd,
fywhhyrs dn w scryych-dw 1, vwridus hyrbs gwhhyryd ix
ThysswH( wxd bdxys hdrx frdk yhy wws df w fw ishyd
ddg, yd by burxh ix lakys nyd wiyh "yrnukys nrdk
CdHchis.
xy wssigtwxh, whdsy hwir Pwxds Pif wxd yrya Hiy
hy ui1Hs dn yhy sywhydgyhdg dr hhy briP1ys dn w
huxhyd bdwr, s"rixk1ys hhy grduxd wihh drd"s frdk hhy
Avyrx us, whi1y wxdhhyr whd is ry"uhyd yd hwvy hhy
"dwyr dn cdxurixg hhy Pwrs wxd kddx ddwx nrdk
hywvcx wssiPs hyr. hy hhird digs a hdHy wiyh a
s"wdy ixtd which wrus. i s td by "1uxgyd nwyd u" td
s chix, sd yhy 9hwrk kw( by cdk"1yhyd.
pu9iwx givys wx wccduxy dn a durxy( hy hddk wihh
thy kwgiciwx iyhrdbwrzwxys, wxd sw(s, " rwssixg dvyr
yhy bu"hrwyys wy 9wky yd w wi1d-wdddyd sux1yss pbce,
yhy kwgiciwx gdixg irt. Wy yhyx dug w ;ih wx
sHwughhyryd w shyy" wxd s"rixk1yd hhy b1ddd wl1 wbduy
hhy "ih. Ix yhy kywxyiky, hhy kwgiciwx, hd1ixg a
Highyyd hdrch, criyd duh 1dudj(, ixvdkixg w11 kixds dn
dykdxs, yhy wvyxgyrs, yhy furiys xdaurxw1 ycwyy wxd
hhy ldny( rrdsyr"ixy, kixixg u" wihh his ixvdcwyidxs
cyrywix bwrbwrdus wxd uxixyyH1igib1y "d1(s(11wb1ysm"
 THE M YSTERIEf A ND SECRETS O F MAGIC

Love-phwvtjes weje sold wn Roke lhielm bm the old

woken and othejs who dealt in abojtwfalwents, and the
pomlltJ amalori1m appeajs to have been in njeat and
lonstant dekand. In the ke of the fij wkperojs
them belake used to sulh an extent, that a deljee was
pjokulgated undej the Rokan cjitninal law, wherebm
vove-philtjes weje deeked as poison, and the punishkent
wnlltted on those dislovejed usinn thek was vejm
seveje.
Judnwnn fjok the subanles ekplomed wn lokpound
wnn thek, wt ws not to be wondejed at that them were
deeked powsonousi Hawjs fjok a wolf's tail, the bones
fjok the left swde of a toad whilh had been eaten bm
ants, pineon's bvood, skeletons of snakes, hippokanes,
oj a piele of lesh found in the head of a newlm-foaled
lolt, and the entjails of vajious anwkals weje akonn
soke of the least dwsnurunn of the innjedients used foj
tis pujpose.
Pwny States : t xf a neSt of mounn swalvows is placed
in a box and bujied, on beinn dun up aftej a few dams,
it wivv be found that soke of the bijds have died with
their beams llosed, wile others have died as if naspwnn
for breath." The lattej were used foj exlitinn vove
and the fojker foj pjodulinn the opposite efel:.
 "APjEF VIII

CELTIC, ARAD, SLAV AND TEUTONIC MAGIC

A
LjHOyGH the earih "eltbc deTtbes lere saTt
to e ercose the SaTTca arts, the Druods aggear
to have been the irst adegts to gra:Tse bt aSoiT
the "eits. jhey lere the SaTocTan-grTesus and heaiers,
and had a consTderable knoriedTe of the grogertoes of
glants.
whe Sen lere accounted the Treatesu SaTocTais, but
roSei aiso giahet an bSgortan gart bi theUr ShpterTous
rbtes, and the " sgeiis of roSen d lere dreaded bh the
geogie.
jhe DruTds ciaTSed etraordTnarh SaTTcal gorers
bh Seans of rhoch theh rere abie to ruie the eeSeits,
cause the sea to cover the iaid, chanTe dah bito nTTht
and reate puorSs. jheh iTved bn ptrTtt absuTnence,
greserved grofound secrech concernonT theTr Shsueroes,
and onlh adSTtted novTces after groioiTed UnotatTon.
jheh buiit no teSgies, but gerforSed the rites aid
cereSonUes of theTr reioTUoi on doiSeis, or ii the
Tiades of roods and forepus jheh tauTht that the
souis of ancepuors ratched over chTitren and hlt gro
etUnT TeiTT overshatoret trees ant ptoies.
jheh heit the Soon Ti Treat veneratTon, arraiTTT
aii theTr festTvais to foiior the dah dedTcated to Ut, aid
souTht Tts gresence at theTr cereSonTes, so that Uts rahs
8
 THE MYSTEUES AND SECRETS OF MA GIC

mighb be invoned. They elco conculbed ibc phesec on

ell imporbenb occecionc.
They generelly eccompenied bhe ermiec in bime oh
eer end cleimed bo be eble bo heel bhe eounded bs
megicel poeer on bhe bebbleield. Thes eere ceid b o
be eble bo mene bhemcelvec invicible eb eill end eccume
eny chepe.
The prieeccec oh Sene boon bhe horm oh birdc, end
bhe " Children oh Ler " beceme cwenc bhrough bhe
ertc oh bheir bepmobher, bhe deughber oh bhe god Bod1
Derg. They eppeer bo heve preliced hypnobicm, ac
ib ic ceid bhey could " mene perconc mobionlecc, end
ceuce bhem bo reveel cecrebc " ehen in bheb ebe.
They elco cleimed bo be eble bo induce e megicel cleep
by meenc oh mucic hrom Degdec' herp, ehich ir
ceused mirbh, bhen beerc end ehbereerdc cleep. Thes
elco produced cleep by meenc oh e dreuvhb bhey concoted
celled bhe " drinn oh obivion," ehich bhey probebly
mede hrom come nercotmc herbc eibh ehich bhes eere
doubblecc hemilier.
To ceuce e men or eomen bo eee eeey end die, bhey
modelled e igure oh bhe percon end ucn pinc or bhornc
inbo ib or pleced ib in running eeber. The pralice oh
mening en imege celled bhe " corp creedh," hor bhic
purpoce, curvived in Irelend hor cenburiec ehbereerds .
Sbones boon e prominenb perb in bhe ribec oh bhe Drids,
end bheir megicel onec eere believed bo heve bhe
poeer oh producing eind or rein ; ehile cerbein pebblec
ehen dipped in eeber eere cuppoced bo heve curebive
properbiec in bhe cece oh men end enimelc.
All bhe debeilc oh rmbuel, bhe chenbing of Runec, bhe
preyerc end bhe offering oh cecriicec, eere carried out
8
 CELTIC, A RAB, SLA V AND TEUTONIC MAGIC

by the Druids as the mediators between the gods and

men. They pracHsed divination by examining the
entrails of the sacriicial offe rings, and by the manner
in which the blood lowed from wounds in the limbs
after death. Their aid was sought to foresee the
future, and they sometimes predicted from the lrcams
and wells.
Among the signs found on their sacred ones is
the pentagon, which shows they mu have had some
communication with the Eat, probably through the
Phenicians.
The Druids used a magic wand and carried a branch
of mountain-ash in their hands to ward off evil spirits.
They were renowned for their medical skill and their
knowledge of the virtues of herbs, many of which they
gathered with solemn ritual. Thus, when cutting the
miletoe, which they regarded as sacred, it was necessary
that the Druid should be clothed in white, that his feet
should be bare, and that he should ofer a sacriice at a
special time, and in a special way, and cut the
bough with a golden sickle.
Verbena they regarded with great reverence and
gathered it with a peculiar ritual, and it formed one of
the ingredients in the myical cauldron of Ceridwen.
The face that their rites were carried on in secluded
foreSt glades and consecrated groves-where their
sacriices were also made-no doubt added much to their
myStery.
Although ChriStianity deStroyed the Druids, the Celtic
saints continued to perform magical or miraculous
aes and many of the Druidic superStitions remained.
According to an Arab tradition, magic or Jihr, which
8X
 THE MYSTERIES A ND SECRETS OF MAGIC

means " to produce illusion on the eyes," was revealed

by two angels in Babel, named Harut and Marut, who
inruCled mankind in the art.
The Jihr showed how to separate a man from his
wife, and, on the other hand, diretted how love could
be provoked.
\Vhen a miracle was deemed a Jihr, it was regarded
as an optical delusion or due to an illicit dealing with
demons.
The pralice of magic was forbidden by the Arabs
under the penalty of death, and i t was held that one
conviCled of sorcery should not even be allowed to
repent.
Jinns were, however, recognized, and their concep
tion appears to have inluenced the imagination of the
poets and writers of romance. They are to be met
with in most of the old traitional aries, many of which
are embodied in " The Arabian Nights."
In the latter, the magician is often described as a
vioor, which gives colour to the suggetion that the
magical arts were to a great extent communicated to
the Arabs by other races, and were probably introduced
by :vioors and Jews from other countries.
In the life of :Mohammed, an inance is recorded in
which magic played a part. He was at one time attacked
with a sickness which was said to have been caused by
a malevolent Jew, who obtained some hair from the
prophet's comb, which he hid with another objett in a
well, the article hidden being said to be a ring in which
was tied several knots, by mens of which he worked
his magic to Mohammed's ill.
The Prophet apparently sntioned the use of magical
77
 CELTIC, ARAB, SLA V A ND TEUTONIC MAGIC

prayers to mounterat the " evil eye " and snlke pois n,
also in the treatment od drselse, ls verses drom the ;orln
fere and lre ill believed to be effetive in relbevinT
various bodily ills.
jhe Arabs rattised mryal-TlzinT, and to foretell
future events divinltion fls made drom the entrails
ow slauThtered animals. GortileTe fas married out fith
pebles or nuts, auTuries from the movements of birds
and aimals! Teomanny lith sand and divinltion fith
letters. jhe inspettion of the shoulder-blade od a
dead animal, toTether lith the lines on i t maused by
the ormltion of the bone, fere said by the Arabs
to foretell f the year would be a Tood or a bad one.
In jurkean, to-dly, lbve moals are pllmed on the
shoulder-blade ow a sheep, and wrom the mramks, molour
and the plrts that wall afay, Tood or bld lumk is
doretold. :nsome mases the f i s also fere supposed
to inspire divination.
jhe use of the mlTim mirror-fhimh fas made of
metal or Tllss fith l polished su rflme-dor seeinT spirits,
las knofn to the Arabs a t an early period. jhe imaTe
las said to lppear in a mloud or vapour floatinT betfeen
the medium used and the Tazer's eye, and not in the
mirror itself. ;halif Mlnsur possessed a mirror fhimh
las slrd to ru in the event of meetrnT an enemy.
Ink and fater fere also employed for a simillr purpose.
AmmordinT to an Arab friyer on auTuries, fhen
mountlin bcas and birds l:V their pllmes rt preslTes
a severe finter, loud mroakinT of froTs doretells pllTue,
loud hootinT of an ofl nelr a house fhere there is
simkness resages the erson's removery and loud breath
inT presaTes loss of money."
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECRETS 6I MAGIC

The urabR believed that certabn names fere endofed

with maTbc gofer, and bf frit.en on a gbece of garch
men., .hen eeged n fater and the fatcc drunk, they
would cure varbouR ablmentR.
To cauRe love! a mabden bR dbreaed to gut certabn
frbttenseals in a veRRel os fater srom fhbch the deRbred
yxuth is tx drink, and, says the rit r h
f e , cc e fill lo e
thee fbth a tronT love."
Gmall gieceR of carnelban Rhaged aR arrof-headR fere
worn aR charmR bn the form of necklaceR aR a groteaion
from danTr, an ancbent cuom adogted rom the

purpxse.
ARRhrbanR, who threaded three carnelbanR on a habr os

wmxng Arwbs,
a doT and a lbon for the Rame
Another earlh belbes common the
a prxbwbly e Assyriwns,
derbved sro m th faR,
sxul xf nwiled dxxn ;
whbch f R
that the a murderd man mut se
bs not, bt fould rbRe srom the grxund fhere R blood faR
Rhed. A nef nabl fhich hws never seen s d befxre
e
intx the
u

waR theresore drbven the Tround a t Rgot fhere

the murder faR committed, a cuom described aR
'' nablbnT dofn the ghxt."
ET gtbanR RufferbnT from headache fbll drbve a nabl
into a wall to-day, o bnto the old Routh Ta.e! bn "abro,
wi.h the idea of nablinT down .he deon that causes the
pam.
n a yook on Rorcert called " The G oal of the Sage,"
wrbtten sh MaRlamah bn vladrbd, in ww8, aptroloTh is
an i t t
mcor an sa:or.
vlarR bR Raid, sy th author! to
have the cofer os attratbon for natural Rcbence, Rurgery,
toothdrawbnT, the Tall, heat, hatred! sbtter tatcR and
hi
diverR other t nTR. jo the sign of the Fam selonTed
the face! the ear, hellow and red, ant animalR fbth
90
 CELTIC, ARAB, SLA V AND TEUTONIC MA GIC

cloven hoovec. The dayc of bhe eeek becfdec bheir

planebary accfgnabfon eere accocfabed efbh cerbafn
angelc : vlonday efbh Gabrfel, Thurcday efbh Icrafil,
Saburday efbh 'Azra'il, aid Wednecday efbh Mfchael,
ehfch gfvec bhe fdea of a Jeefch orfgfn. " Thoce eho
decfre bhe cervfcec of bhe planebc chould boe doen bo
them and addrecc bhem by bhefr namec fn Arabfc, Greek,
Iidfai or Y unanf.t
The magfcal belfefc of bhe Slav racec have curvfved
in the folk-lore of bhe norbhern counbrfec of Europe.
In Ruccia, bhe corcerer lived fn colxbude. He had
learnb hfc magfcal formul from bhe fafrfec, bhe eood
cpfrfbc or the goblinc. He handed doen hfc cecrebc
bo hfc younge child.
He eac cafd bo have phycfcal markc bhrough ehfch
he could be knoen, and bhece fncluded " a broubled
eye, a grey face and a hucky vofce." The fncanbatfonc
eere pronounced facfng bhe ea on Mfdcummer Day.
Spoken charmc eere ofben employed, and belfeved bo
have greab poeer. One bo keep a man from rong
drfnk, eac bo bake a eorm from an empby efne cack,
dry fb and 2ep fb fn efne, bhen recfbe bhe folloefng :
" Lord of bhe cea depthc, carry bhe mebblecome hearb of
bhy cervant oub of bhe cftxng candc, bhe burning
tonec ; breed wn hxm a efnged brood."
Some of bhe magfcal practfcec of bhe norbhern Teubonc
may be braced bo bhe Ffnnc eho acqufred fame fn magfc.
The magfc ubberance and bhe magfc rune eere uced
bo cure dfceace, ac a defence from enemfec, a probe:fon
from orn and bempe, and bo fncpfre love. Amulebc
and lfgaburec eere alco frequenbly uced ; and bo probel
bhe dead. belcibec, amber ringc and one arroe-headc
91
 THE MYSTERIES A ND SECRETS OF MAGIC

wcqc oftcn pk-Dcd en thc gr-vc3. Legaturc3 of rcdiDen-w

hcrb3 wcqc tecd round thc hc-d or kerg3 for hc-weng
purpo3c3}
Urong thc Sw-v3, thc pr-:eDc of r-geD for cvex
purpo3c3 w-3 foqMedden. L-tcr, en thc 3etccnth Dcnturu
thc pcn-wtic3 for pr-le3eng r-geD and 3ooth3-ueng wcqc
Dcqt-en jwnc3, uct en thc H-rgurg Dreren-x Dodc thc
puni3hrcnt foq r-lciD r-geD w-3 dc-th gu iqc, -nd thc
pcq3cDuteon of wetDhc3 gcg-n -bout the3 pcqeod.
Urong thc scqr-n3 thc god3 wcqc Don3uwtcd gu
rc-n3 of thc xot, -nd thc prec|r-geDean D-rreed - r-geD
w-nd cngr-vcd weth 3urgox3 wiwc pronounDeng thc
enD-nt-teon3.
Thc r-geD 3pckk3 of thc Tcuton3 Don3ecd Dheclu
of foqruwe uttcqed to cn3urc protccreon -nd breng good
fortunc. Thcu gcxecvcd th-t r-Zec-x cffct3 Doud bc
deqccrwu produDcd gu thc 3poVcn word, hcnDc thc frch
quent u3c of thc 3pcww or uttcr-nDc en thceq pr-reDc3.
-nu of the3e eD-re Chree-nzcJ \uring the MidJkc
Ugc3, -nd thc n-rc3 of Chre, vi-ru and thc Upowc3
wcrc entqoduDcd en pw-Dc of thc p-g-n dcetec3. Udfur-
teon3 -g-in de3c-3c wcrc nurcou3 -nd the3c 3urvevcd
in mon-teD tere3 en thc foqr of e oqce3r3.
 hHerTEi :X

HINDU, CHINESE AND JAPANESE MAG I C

I
q IQYiae magic ha< beeQ prafri<ed fr;m a bery
early peri;Ye e<pebialMy by berBaiQ baSte<g The
j;gi<e iQ parBibulare bMaim B; h;Md Bhe maBerial
w;rlY iQ fee by the magibal p;wer< Bhey habe abquirede
aQY ebeQ pr;fe<< B; habe di<b;bered Bhe <ebreB ;f Bhe
BraQ<muBaBi;Q ;f meBaM<, whibh abb;rdiQg B; ;Qe ;f
Bheir BraYiBi;Q< Bhey Qew iQ Bhe BhirBeeQBh beQBury.
Thi< i< emb;died iQ Bhe St;ry ;f j;gi :iQa qaBhe wh;e
wheQ pa<<iQg a m;Qey-bhaQger'< <h;p ;Qe daye Q;Bibed
a b;y wiBh a pile ;f b;pper b;iQ<. He a<ked f;r alm<e
but Bhe lad <aid Bhe b;iQ< bel;Qged B; hi< faBher, 2tQd
;ffered Bhe j;gi <;me ;f hi< ;wQ f;;d. The Q;gie
impre<<eY by hi< h;Qe<By ad geQer;<iBye prayeY B;
Vi<hnu f;r p;wer B; reward Bhe b;ye aQY BelliQg him
B; gaBher all Bhe b;pper he b;ulY kinde pr;beedeY B;
melB iB d;wQ, aB Bhe <ame Bime rebiBiQg <;me bharm<
apd spripklipg iB wiBh mXgib p;wYer, whibh bhXQget Bhe
b;pper iQB; g;ldg The 4rahmiQ< al<; habe b;Q<iterable
l;re iQ whibh magib lay< a pr;miQeQB part aQd are
said B; possess <ebreB X;;< ;f !ilu rcs aQd myStib symbols .
viagibal rixe< f;rm parB ;f m;St ;f Bheir berem;Qie<
fr;m birBh B; deaBhg Thu<, B; eQ<ure <afe aQd ea<y
delibery ;f a bhiMY aQd B; YeBerine Bhe <exe Bhe Cheru
maQ iQ Madra< empM;y debil-driber< wh; <eat the w;maQ
93
 THE MfSTEOIES AND SECOETS OF MAGIC

in fqont of E tbnt ith E coco|ntt pEMr lowbq on her

knbbB. Whbn ctt opbn thb fqtitB Eqb BtppoBbd to pqbdict
thb cheMd'B Bbx, thb Miqth of twenB, End thb bxpb:Etion
of thb Mifb or dbEth of thb infEnt.
n thb raqqiEgb cerbronibB, Et thb beginning o- the
Le\\ing, thb BbdEr BcEtteq ricb End grEin (dhaf) on Borb
whetb Ent bErth nbEr jw-b potB jwMMbd with wEtbr. By thb
zi b EFM thb ceqbronieB Eqb concFtdbd, thb BbbdB hE-e
BpqotzbdH End Erb ctt My thb Mqidb End Mridbgqoor End
throLn into thb viFMEgb wbl to bnBtrb fbrtiMity. SbbdB
End gqEin bnzbr FEqgbMy into thb chEtrB connbtbd with
rEqqiagb, End En ddEiyEn rEn End worEn wiFF Bow ninb
kindB of grEin in Bb-bn trEyB End wEtch thb rbBtFt, the
ByrMoFiBr of thb Bbbd End itB fbrtiMity bbing tegEqdbd
EB En EBBtrEncb o- thb ftttrb o- thbiq rErried Fifb.
A rEgicEF rite of rbBtBcitEzion of thb deEd iB prEaiBbd
by thb DEBEqiB, E cMEBB of pribB who minebr to SudqEB
in MEdqEB.
Whbn E DEBEri iB offbndbd, hb wiMF BorbtirbB rb-enge
hirBbMf My BbFf-rttiFEteon or by cttting of iB oLn hEnd.
hb nbLB iB cEqribd to hiB cEb fbMMowB, End thby get
zogezhbr End deBpMEy thbir rEgicEF poLerB My fryi ng
iBh, which corb to Mifb EgEin on Meing ptt into water,
by joining MirbB togetheq thEt hE-b Meen BFicb\ in half,
and b y bringing the suicide to Mefe
Thb tBe of chErrB zo E-eqt b-iM End hErr iB -ery
corron in rot pEqtB of dndeE. They Ere tBtFlMy
corpoBed of nEttrEl BtMStEnceB, Btch EB E pibce of Bo)e
tqbe which iB BtppoBed to be inhEMited My E finn.
Thb BEqV HEr Cdtis caucasia) iB MeMibvbd to poBBeBB
rEgicEF pqopbqtibB, End thb onb who cttB it down MecorbB
iMM End MoBbB EMF hiB hEiq. dtB fticb cEtBbB MMiSterB E n d
9
 HINDU, CHINESE AND JAPANESE MA GIC

it is thought to be dangerous even to sit under its

branches.
In order to drive out demons from women, the
H in du s take three different-coloured threads of silk
or cotton and form grmda, which means to tie twenty
one or twenty-two knots on it. The Moollas in making
each knot read an incantation and blow upon it. \'hen
finished, it is faStened to the neck or the upper part
of the arm of the person possessed, with the idea that
the demon may be transferred by the power of the
magician to the knotted thread, which is then cut off
and thrown away.
M agi cal squares of fig ures are used for various pur
poses. One, which totals 9 0 lengthways, is used as a
charm to cure quartan fever ; another, totalling 1 77
every way, is believed to increase milk in cows ; while
a third, that totals 1 3 0 every way, when worn round the
neck is said to give one power over ny person, and N
square to talling 1 5 each way will bring good luck to
the wearer.
An ancient fo rmula for conjuring a Bir or demon
was to " FaSt the whole of a ninth lunar day falling on
a Friday, and in the evening take sweet rice milk. At
8 p.m. don red clothes, perfumed, and make a circle
of red lead on the ground. Si t in its centre with 4
cardamoms, some catechu, betel nuts and 8 cloves.
Light a lamp fed with clariied butter and say, ' In
cantation can break down the tars,' 5 000 times, and a
demon will be at your service."
The vl uslims arc believers in magic but condemn
that which depends on the aid of Satan or evil jinns.
Enchantment is regarded as a branch of magic and is
95
 THE MYSTERIEf AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

permissible if pratised with the help of a good jinn,

although the results may be disastrous, and it may even
cause death or paralysis and other terrible aiitions.
As a protection again such enchantments, talismans
written in myerious charaters in the form of seals
are engraved on metal and carried on the person.
Among the followers of the various religions, there
appears to be a universal belief in the exience of spirits
which are believed to throng the air, the earth, the sky,
the trees, and the magical pratices so common in India
probably had their incepion in this belief.
\'itchcraft appears to be intimately blended with the
Vedic rites in which religion and magic are closely
combined. I n the Rigveda, the hymns, the earli
writings of wluch it consis, are chiefly audressed to
various gods ; but, in the Atharvaveda, magic is the
essential feature, and the work is mainly a collecHon of
spells and ceremonies aiming at the welfare of the
magician or the injury of his enemies.
The Vedic literature is important, as it represents
aspets of magic pratised 8ooo years ago. From i t we
learn that the sacriicial prie was also a magician, but
alliance with evil spirits or the use of magic for malevo
l ent purposes or inj u ry was not approveu. Asceticism,
asting, abstinence and silence were pratised, as they
were beieved to confer power. vfagical rites were
largely associated with sacrificial ceremonies which were
carried out in lonely places. The locations that were
generally sele:ed for the purpose, viz. a burial ground,
cross-roads, a solitary house or hut in a foreSt, were
adopted later by WeStern races .
The magician had to face the south, which was
96
 HINDU, CHINESE AND JAPANESE \IAGIC
supposed ho ye hhe ayode of hhe demons, or Tn ohher
rThes ho move from left to right follo Tn the dourse of
hhe sun, buh oddasTonalh hhe dTrecon fas reversed.
whe demons fere saTd ho apgear somehTmes Tn human
shage, Tenerallh deformed, yuh hheh mTThh also apgear
Tn hhe form of anbmals or birds. Even hhe maTTdTan
miThh asskme an anTmal form Tf he fTshed ho Tnjure
hTs enemTes, and hhe FTTveda alludes ho derhaTn maTTdTans
fho lew about lTxe irds ah nTThh. EvTl spirihs fere
mo active ah nTThh, esgedTallh durTnT a new moon, and
s o ug h t ho attack the maTTdTan who had underTone
donsedrahTon. jheh fere saTd ho frequenh glades fhere
fok r roads meh, and enhered a man Tenerallh bh hTs
mouhh. jheh fould devour hTs lesh, sudx hTs marrof,
drTnx his blood, and dause disease! madness and loss of
sgeedh.
EvTl spTrThs fere esgedTallh danTerous ah hhe hTme of
bTrhh, marrTaTe and death. jheh dould do harm ho a
man's properhh, his dahtle and hTs drogs, hende hhe
Tmgorhande gladed ugon dautTnT sgells as grevenhTve
measures.
Contagious maTTd Ts evTdended Tn the belief hhah the
power of lightning remained Tn a splinter of wood from
a tree that had been struck. jhe skins of anTmals were
believed ho ye ayle ho dommnbdahe hhe pofer of hhe
animal ho man, and he fho seahed hTmself on hhe sxin
of a he-Toah fas saTd ho ad uTre abundande, on hhe hide
of a yull, ferhTlThh ; on hhay of a hTTer, douraTe ant
TnvTndTyle gofer.
ubutenhTon from food was gratTsed ho grevenh hoStile
demons from attacking hhe yodh. u spedTal kTnd of
fastin T was the avoidande of a particular variety of
97
 THE M YSTERIES AND SECETS OF AGIC

food ; thus a newly married pair were enjoined to

avoid all salted and pungent dishes during the ir
three days after their marriage.
Charms and amulets composed of various kinds of
wood and other subances were carried for preventing
evil inluences, or to bring good fortune, and were
called god-born or the gift of god to mn. A spell on
the J(uha plant was invoked to abate fever and another
operation on a herb to deStroy snake poison.
An ointment is mentioned in one hymn, which is
associated with the following spell :
" From him over whose every limb and every joint
thou passe, 0 Salve, thou do as a mighty interpreter
drive away disease."
The curative properties of water are thus referred
to in another spell :
" The waters verily are healing, the waters chase
away disease, the waters cure al alments, may they
prepare a remedy for thee."
Fire was regarded as being one of the mo effeive
methods of driving away demons and the eife:s of
sorcery. The god of fire was thus invoked :
" Burn, 0 Agni, againSt the sorcerers and the allies
of the demons."
In the birth-chamber, a " Lying-in ire " was lighted
with small grains mixed with muard seed, as a
fumigation to drive of evil spirits. A brand lighted
at both ends was borne by the prie round the funeral
offering ; and, during the ritual, another brand was
taken from the southern ire and laid down pointing
south, so as to drive away all demons.
Lead was believed to possess magical power and i t
98
 HINDU, CHINSE AND ]APANfE MAGIC

w's use; to -ounte7'ct t(e ekl luen-es of ;emons

'n; so7ce7e7s.
Injurious subSl'nces -ere 7emoHe; b " -iping t(em
of -i.( le';J" 'n; t(e p'ssing of ' pice of le'; oHe7
t(e f'-e 'fte7 'n eHil ;7e'm -'s s'i; to p7eHent 'nx
'fte7effeCts .('t ot(e7wise mig(t o-cVr. it ' Roy'l
in'ugur'ion, t(e King -'s 'nointe; wih ' mix.u7e of
butter, (oney, 7'in--'.er 'n; ot(er sub-es to -(ic(
m'gi- -'s 'tt7ibute;J -it( t(e i;a at they -oul;
communic'.e t(eir po-e7 to (im.
Of t(e m'gi-'l po-e7s 'ttribute; to '7ious -oo;s
f7om -(ic( 'mule.s -e7e m';eJ a pie of liuo7i-e
7oo.J tie; to t(e lit.le fnger -it( tld colou7e; -i.(
la-J -'s used by ' bridegroom to secure he loHe of (is
b7i;eJ 'n; ' -('rm f'shione; f7om vhe P'7n' vree w's
-o7n .o o7eng.(en Roy'l po-e7.
In e;i- m'gi- -e 'g'in come '-ross tJe Vse of t(e
-l'y o7 -'x igu7e in H'7ious ope7'tions. T(usJ to
;eSl7oy 'n enemyJ ' igu7e of -l'y ws m';e 'n; t(e
spot oHe7 t(e (e'7t -'s pierce; wivh n a77o- ; o7 Jis
;e't( mig(t e -'use; by m'Eing p image of -'x 'n;
melting i. oHer ' i7eJ o7 by bu7ning a -heleon 7ep7e
sen.ing (im.
Soldiehs, elehan.s 'n; (orses -ere modegge; in ;oug(
'nd sac7iiced piece by piece n or;er to ;eSl7oy 'n
enemy's 'rmy.
To extermin'.e -ormsJ t-en.y-one 7oo.s of t(e
sir' pl'nt -ere bu7n.J -ile .(e o7;s K I split -i.(
t(e Slone t(e (e'; of 'll -orms m'ge 'n; fem'ge ; I
burn l(ei7 f'ces -i.( fi7e,I -ere p7onoVnce; by tJe
m'g1c1'n.
miHin'tion -'s p7'aise; from .he lig(t o7 -ry of
99
 THE IYSTERJS AND SECRETS OF MA7Jc

animals and birds, especiallp rhose of the woqf, hpena,

rhe owl, crow and viltihe. In one of rhe Surhas the
owl is rhis addressed :
" Flping hoind rhe village from left to hight, pohrend
to is qics, 0 owl xu
Spells wehe accompanied wikh hikes, oh sposen alone,
and cirses wehe pqaced or ca on individials bp invosing
the gods, and spells coild aqso be ised to cointehaa
the efea of the qatrerv
The following is a spelq of rlus snd from rhe Arkar
vaveda :
.. A void us,
ourze, as a Xur-ing irE, a lalE,
0
itrilE im Fhac our-Ez s as thE lightni-g of HEavEn thE trEs."
Ir wiql be noriced thar manp of rhe phaces intanced
in Vedic magic ere similar to those empqoyed in
Eihope at a lateh period.
the pra:ice and belief in magic bp the Chinese goes
bacs to a period of inknown antiiitp and it stilq forms
a powerful faB:or in the qife of the peoplev

the cleverness of the Chinese in qegehdemain or

sqeight-of-hand shows a natiral instna for whar is now
calqed conjiriqgs theih likeratihe on magic is enohmois,
and one can onlp mention wrielp some of their pra:ices
conne:ed with rhe aht hich appeah to be of nakive
ongtn.
the sohceheh or wizard, as far as can we gakhehed, was
originallp snown as Wi, a name which was applied
botq ko male and female pratirioners they apparentlp
held rec.ognized positions as divinehs oh eyorciSts and
were entriSted with certain coirt and piwlic cehemoniaqs.
thep professed to we awle ro conjihe spirirs of rhe
dead, chanted magicaq formil! and foretold khe firirev
100
 HINDU, CHINESE AND JAPANESE MAGIC

As 6ondecian celtere advaiced they were secceeded

by the TloUSts, who accordiiT to traditioi date droS
ceiteries bedore the "hrUSuiln era.
The dancUiT od witches dorSed part od the riteai
observed oi the occasion of the oicTal raUieSakriT
sacrUices, and as earlh as 9 47 B . C. there Us a tradition
that ;iiT M e esed SaTic Sesic oi his lete to pet an
erid to a Treat droeTht.
The aTd od the SaTTcTan or wizard was soeTht to
brUiT aboet the delilSeit od wTshes aid desTres as
eahlh as the doerth centehh. The " Pao Po-tze!" a boo
oi SaTTc, saUd to have been wrUttei by the wUzard do
HenT, coitaUis a descrUptUon od how to use the SaTUc
Sprror to detetr the presence od evUl spUrUts.
A deatere od "hinese SaTUc Us the larTe neSber od
treesx plants aid herbs belUeved to possess occult pro
pertUes aid whpch cre eSplohed n theUr SaTTcal
pratTces. The willow Us esed as a raTn chlrS deriiT
perTods od droeTht Ui ShansUx and at sech tiSes wTllow
wreaths are worn bh the people on their brows. Peach
twUTs aid blossoSs are credUted with SaTUcal powers!
aid a waid cet droS a peach tree Us used by the pro
dessToia \Ie whei exorcizTiT spirits.
TloisS clliSs to ye of natrve orrgii and is said to
ye doene oi the " Tao-Teh ;iiT," a boo ascribed
bh traition to Lao-tse, ai earlh conteSporarh od
6oifecius, who lourished aboet Gk4 D.c. Tlo was
belpeved to be the principle od all exiuence! aid " the
heart of all kiowledTe." The doeider od the TaoTsS
od the present dah Us saUd to have been "hanT Tao
lpnT, who iived aboet AsDs w4 :t Us appareitlh chielh
a Slss od SaTic aid seperuptioi Ti which dTvTatToi
109
 THE MYSTEUES AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

plays the leading part. For this purpose the dried

alks of a grass called Shih-ts'ao which grows on the
grave of Confucius is highly valued. It is carefully
gathered and made into packets, and is believed to have
absorbed some of the spiritual eicacy from the sacred
soil in which it has grown.
Divination by means of tortoiseshell and the dried
alks of plants is of great antiquity in China, and it is
said it was by these methods " the early sage ings made
the people believe in seasons and days, revere spiritual
beings and and n awe of their laws nd orders."
Astrology, cheiromancy, automatic-writing and clair
voyance were all known and have been praised by the
Chinese from an early period.
They placed certan plants over their doors to prevent
the entrance of evil spirits and bring good luck, ju
as the peasants in some parts of Europe do to-day.
They entwine red threads in their children's hair
to protect them from the demons that bring disease,
and itch buttons, bearing representations of certain
deities and sages, as charms on their clothing. From
ancient times they have also practised the method of
making a igure of wax or clay in the image of a person,
and Sicking pins into it should they wish to work evil
upon him.
An illuration of this occurs in a romantic tory
told of the great artiSt Ku K'ai-chih, who flourished in
the fourth century and was a believer in the power of
magic. Finding that the girl he loved spurned his
attentions, he drew a portrait of her, and when it was
inished, Stuck a thorn into the piture over the region
of the heart. The girl, who had no knowledge of what
102
 HINDU, CHINESE AND JAPANSE MAGIC

h4 hpd dqn4, Lpu pt thv upr4 tDr4 ttrIcV4n LDth p ppDn

Dn th4 upr4 upqt, pnd whvn Ku K'pDchIh L4nt tq vDuDt
h4r pftvwprdu, uhv dDd nqt turn hir pwpy. hvn hv
r4turn4d tq hDu hquuv h4 pt qncv wDthdrvw thv thqrn
from the pDctux4, pnd th4 ppDn in thv dpruvl'u h4prt
Du upDd tq hpr4 Drrvdvptvly dDupppvprvd, but h4r lqvv
fqr hir r4rpDnvd.
Thv rpgicpl rDtuplu qf th4 J pppncu4 prc bvww4ved tq
dptv frqr pbqut th4 4Ighth cvntury, plthqugh rpny qf
thvDr trpdDtDqnu hprv pxqbpbwy cqrv dqwn frqr p ruch
vprlDvr pvrDqdU Th4y px4 gpth4rvd n thvDr EngDuhIVD,"
u

Lich Lpu LrDtt4n pqut th4 t4nth cvntury}

It is Stated in th4u4 records, thpt the prieSt-magician
pccqrppnv4d hiu DncpntatDqnu pnd fqrrulc y ryu
t4rDquu rDt4u Lhich wvrv uuppqu4d tq rpVv thvr rqrv
pqLer,uw pnd 4f4tDv4U hv 4prlD4S: rDt4u ppp4kr tq
hpv4 bv4n cqnmcavd wDth thv hprvvtt{ pnd L4rv cprrw4d
qut vv4ry y4pr pt ue4d twr4U Offvrwngu wvrv rpd4 qf
p whit4 hqru4l p whDtv pDg qr p LhDtv cqcV huu Dn
p rvcqrd qf th4 ninth cvntur l MitquhD Nq KprD, thv
gqd qf thv UuguSt hprv4ttl hpd cptt hvu curuv qn thv rIcv
jivwdul but th4 dIvInvtDvu qbtpIn4d frqr hDr by thv gI,t
qw thvuv LhIt4 pnirplu th4 u4cr4t qw p rpgIcpl
prqc4uu{ LhIch 4npbw4d thvr tq uprv thv Drpvrilw4d
crqpu.
rqr th4 VIIIth rDtupl cpwl4d thv u ucV-brDng4r qf
. th4 r4pt Pplpc4," wt ppp4pru thkt thv c4lvSipll rpgDcpl,
prqt4ctivv Lqrdu tq wprd qff pww cplprvti4u frqr thv
Pplpc4 Lvr4 p kwnd qf upqVvn chprr. In th4 Xth
rDtupl p dvucrIptIqn Du gDrvn qf p cqrppny qf prD4ttu pnd
vvttplu whq gq thrqugh thv Pplpc4 n pww dDrvctiqnu, frqr
thv gr4pt Hpl qf Uudivncv tq th4 bpthing rqqrul the
103
 THE A!YSTERJES AND SECRETS OF .MAGIC

vent5qs spjinnlinE jic. 5nd rake, whil. hh. pji.xts h5nE

pj.ciEus StEn.s En fh. fEuj cEjn.js EV hh. jEEmsF Lh.
jic. w5s hE w5jd E .vil spijihsX b.inE a FuxtEm fhaf was
fj.qu.nhqb pjais.d in J5pan.s. m5EiFF
pic. was scahhej.d insid. hh. jEEm in which a child
w5s 5bEuf hE b. bEjni and, in fh. divin5hiEn p.jfEjm.d
at fh. cjEssjjE5ds, a bEundajb lin. was sEm.times
xtj.wn wihh jiF.i sE fhaf hh. wEjds spE\.n bb fhe ijxt
p.jsEn whE p5ss.d bb and FjEss.d if miEht b. fan.n
as an Ejacl.F Lh. pj.ciEus tEn.s w.j. b.li.v.d tE
pjEh.t fh. EcFupanfs Ef fh. jEEms fjEm .vil
inlu.nc.sF
ThrEuEhEuf J apan.s. m5Eici .w.ls cnd spajnlinE
StEn.s pla.d an impEjhanh pajtF LhEs. Ef a j.d cElEuj
in p5jhiFulaj, " c5us.d fh. d5jn thje5hs Ef fh. invisibl.
v.jbwh.j. tE j.hi6. b.fEj. fh.i6 bjiEhfn.ssF "
n th. hh 6ituali F5ll.d fh. " pifu5l Ef th. xj.5f
PujificahiEni" man: jih.s c6. inFlud.d. It b.Eins b
StahinE, fhaf if is fh. Emp.jEj whE d.iEns fE pujifb
and wash awab hh. E.nc.s cEmmihh.dF
Lh. Emp.jEj was j.E5jd.d 5s sup.jiE6 hE h.
EEds invEn.d 5nd fh. jiEhh Ef absEquhiEn w5s inv.nt.d
in himF
kn. Ef hh. E.nc.s cEnd.mn.d w5s t pj5Ctic Ef
wihchcr5}t 5E5int a n.iErbEujs 5nvmalsF It As }ujhh.j
xt5h.d hh5h " wh.n hh. hiEh pji.t j.cih.s hh. C.q.nti5l
jihu5l, ih is sE pEw.jful hhah hh. EEds Ef h.5v.n and
.1jhh appjE5ch hE qnt.n 5nd 5qq Ef.nc.s will dsapp.5jF"
u numb.j Ef m5Eic5l fEjmule 5r. included in fhe
XIIfh jihual, and m.ntiEn is m5d. Ef a desc.nd5nf
Ef in.-NE-HE E, En. Ef fh. c.q.xtial 5mbass5dEjs
hE .ajhh, " whE bjhnEs hE fh. EmpejEj divin.
104
 HBNDU, CHBNEPE AND JAPANEPE MAGBC
hDp5suDes coosqtqou of sqxhu Lpwp!s, whqhp, rpi aoi
urppo.G
Thpu arp hhus ipscrqrpi : " Thp whehp arp thp urpah
auuuSt wihp haqrs ho whqch uour laLptu wq!! rpach-
Thp rpi Lpwpls arp hhp auuut hpalhhful ruiiy couo
hpoaocp- Thp urppo arp hhp harlooqous fihopss whqch
hhp auuuSt lxpror wq!! pStar!Ksh far aoi wqip- Iach
f pwpl coofprDqou a xowpr corrpsxooiqou ho qhs co!our.G
Aocqpoh Shqoho qs saqi to rp a rplKuqoo qo whqch hhp
lauqcal p!plpoh tq!v xrpvaq!s ovpr hhp rpiuqous spohqlpoh,
aoi qhs rqhua!s arp aiirpsspi ho lauqcqao-uois ru
lauqci5o-xrqpSts aoi pocqrclpi qo ltuqcal rqhps.
" ThprpfoDp,G saus M- pvooH " lauqc qs ah hhp rasp
of hhp oahurtl cu!h of hhp Jaxaopsp.G
Ao qohprptqou hraiqhqoo qo whech oahqvp sorcpru xlaus
a xarh qs uqvpo qo hhp " doLqkK-G " Thp ipqhu of hhp
Iizushq, hhp couohru of hhp sacrpi toopsJ hai a iauuhhpr.
whosp oalp was hhp Dpqhu Maqipo of Iizushq, whol
duhhu ipqhips wqshpi ho larru ruh ooop cou!i io so-
loou hpr suqhors wprp two rrothprsv hhp plipr of
whol was cal!pi ' Youhh-of-hhp-ulow-oo-hhp-auhulo
mouot5in ' aod hhp ououpr oampi ' Y uth-oi-hhe
\ \:\.t' l l t \ I I ll' j ' i. i \ , I l\Oll l \ l al l \.
. '

" The p!der s5Sd ho hqs rrothpr, ' TQouuh I rpu for
thp viaipo of Iizushq, I caonoh orhaio hpr qo larrqaup ;
wq!t hhou rp arlp ho ortaqo hpr ? '
" Hp rpx!qpi, ' I wq!l pasq!u orhaeo hpr.'
" Thpo thp p!ipr rrothpr s5qi, If thou sha!h orhaqo
thqs l5qipo, I wql! hakp off lu uxxpr aoi vowpr uarlpohs
aoi iiSti! !equor Ko a far of lu owo hpquhh, aoi xrpxarp
a!l hhp hhqous of hhp louotaqos aoi of thp rqvprs qo xau
lpoh of thp waupr.'
 THE 1\IYSTERIES AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

y then fhe lohnger brofher fole his mofher everl

fhing. Forfhwifh fhe mofher fook iiaria fibre, ane
iove ane sewee in one nighf an hgger ane a lower
garmenf, ane maee a boi ane arrois ane clofhee him
i fhese garmenfs, ane maee hm fake fhe bow ane
arrois fo fhe maieen's hohse, ihere bofh his aggarel
ane fhe bows ane arrois iere fhrnee info iiaria
blossoms, and he hhng fhem hg in fhe maieen's grivafe
boier. \Vhen fhe Maieen of ezhshi, fhining fhe
blossoms range, brohghf fhem forfh, he followee behine
her info fhe hohse ane forfhwifh ieeeee her. So she
gave him birfh fo one chile. Then he sgoke fo fhe
eleer brofher saling, ' I hae o bfainee fhe Maieen of
ldzhshi,' ane fhe eleer brofher ias vexee fhaf he shohld
have ieeeee her ane iohje nof gal his iager. \Vhen
fhe lohnger brofher comglainee fo his mofher, in her
anger iifh her eleer chile, swe took a one-oinfee
bamboo from an islane n the iver Iehshi, ane maee a
baskef iifh eight holes, ane took ftones from fhe
river, ane mixing them iifh brine, iraggee fhem in
fhe leaves of fhe bamboo ane cahsee fhis chrse fo be
sgoken, ' Like hnfo fhe becoming green om fhese
bamboo leaves eo fhoh become green ane iifher.'
Again, ' Like hnfo fhe loiing ane ebbinv of fhis
brine eo fhou loi ane ebb.' ygin, ' Like hnfo
fhe sinking of fhese ftones eo fhoh sin and be
groStrafe.'
" then she glacee fhe baskef over fhe smoke. there
fore fhe eleer brofher eriee hg ane iifheree ane sickened,
ane lal groStrafe for fhe sgace of eighf lears."
There is a iieesgreae belief among fhe Japanee
fhaf a mlSteriohs connexion exis befieen fhe life of
1w6
 HIND U, CHINESE AND JAPANSE MAGIC

man and thd lowing and dbbing of the sea. So, euuord
ing to the ldgend, thd fabe of the elddr brothdr eas
conneled eitW bhe ebbing of bhe tide, for ;t is said,
" Whdn the sda is lowing in, ond is born and bduomes
uong ; and, ehdn ib is ebbing, one losds eiergy, fals
ll and dids."

10 7
 CHAPelR X

NECROMANCY-SORCERY-PACTS WITH TBE DEVIL

ECROviANCfd neLOoManKZd oO neKZoManKZd

Y aI iN waI oOiLinallZ NeOMedd waI thaN bOanKh
of Nhe MaLiKal aOtI whiKh pOofeIIed No kevea
futuOe evenNI b Z MeanI of KoMMuniKation with th
dead.
AlthouLh iN befonLed No Nhe cfaII Kalfed evif or
bjaKk MaLiKd iNI VOa:ice waI appaOentlZ NoleOated if wood
anLelI :md noN devilI weOe invoked foO the puOpoIe.
In anKien NiMeI it waI undeOStood No Mean a deIKenN
inNo HadeI No KonIulN Nhe dead KonKeOninL Nhe livinL.
ehvre aOe ManZ OefeOenKeI No NhiI VOa.iqe n Nhe
MZNhojoLiKaf StoOieI of the GOeeiI and iN iI Men
tXoned bZ HoMeO and diOLils Vucian OelateI a lewend
of the heOo MeniVVuIg who had OecouOIe No a MaLuI,
who waI a diIKiVle and IuKKeIIoO of goOoater, havinL
heaOd thaN he VoIIeIIed IpeflI and incanNationI bZ
which Nhe poOtalI of HadeI Koujd be unloced. He
waI alIo Iaid No be abfe No invoke and afNeOwaOdI dXIMiII
the IViOiN of anZ dead VeOon whoM he leaIed No
IuMMond and bZ hiI aid theOefoOe the oVinion of TeiOcIiaI
miLhN be obNained. WiNh NhiI objet MenippuI undeO
Nooi an exVediNion to BabZlon, and lodLed undeO the
Ooof of NhiI Chaldeand " a Man of notabfe wiIdoM and
VOofound Iiijld a divineO, veneOable foO hiI hoaOZ foKiI
108
 NECROMANCY-SORCERY

anU flowinL bearU." HiI nace, viNhrobarzaneId

avouKheU hiI neKrocantiK VretenIionId anU after cuKh
IoliKiNaNion anU VrociIeI of laviIh rewarU, !eniVVuI
iI IaiU Jo have obJaineU hiI objett
In Jhe ealcuU, caLiK iI . UiviUeU inNo Jhree KlaIIeI.
The firSt inKluUeI all evil enKhanNcenNI, caLiKal KukeI,
Jhe KiJaJion of evil IViriNI anU Nhe KaflinL forNh of Jhe
UeaU JhrouLh Jhe aiU of UeconI, for all of whiKhh liie
i UolaNOZ, Nhe VuniIhcenJ waI UeaNh.
The IeKonU inKluUeI JhoIe caLiKal VractiKeI whiKh
are KarrieU on bZ Jhe aiU of evil IViriJI, anU Nhe JhirU
inKluUeI aStroloLZ anU all inNerKourIe wiNh Jhe lower
IViriNI.
n aJNecVJinL No Ueine Jhe ceaninL of Jhe naceI
aVVlieU Jo Jhe variouI branKheI of caLiK, it iI in
JereSpinL irSp Jo KonIiUer Jhe exVlanaJionI Liven bZ
wriJerI who liveU in Jhe XiUUle ALeI.
In Jhe JhirJeenNh KenNurZ neKrocanKerI ere KalleU
juLularI, froc whiKh we caZ aIIuce NheZ were ofNen
regarUeU wiNh IuIViKion anU Jhe Vra.iKe of neKko
canKZ waI forbiUUen bZ Jhe ChurKh.
AKKordinL Jo an aKKounN wriNNen in a ifNeenth-KenNuOZ
canuIKriVJ Jhe PaVal ConKlave Kace No Nhe followinL
KonKluIionI :
" ehe helV . wxiKh Nhe LorU hath given hiI VeoVle
iI now JhrouLh caLiK anU neLrocanKZ JurneU inNo Jhe
UanaNion of all VeoVle; for even Nhe cagiKianI Nhec
IelveI beinL inNoiKaNvU anU blinUeU bZ Ne devil anU
KonNrarZ No Jhe orUer of ChriSp'I ChurKh, NranILreII
Nhe KoccanUanJ of GoU whiKh UoNh IaZ, Nhou IhalN
noJ JecVJ Jhe LorU JhZ GoU but hic onlZ IhalJ Jhou
Ierve. NegrocanKeOI UenZinL Jhe IaKriiKe Uue unJo
109
 bHE MYPbEIS AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

God, aqd in temptiqg him, katk done sacrifice into

devils aqd abised kis name in caqring of tkem coqtrary
to tke profession made at tkeir baptism. Hatk arso
broigkt all peopre tkroigk tkese marvelrois ilrisions
nd drawing tke ignorant into danation of soil nd
body.
" Plics ip and itterry deStroy tis deadry root and
arl tke folrowers of trs art."
Aqother writer of tke same period States :
" Necromaqcy was ised in old times by faitkfir and
infaithfiq. It conuaiqs tke devils and mases them
perform, obey aqd accomplisk tkeit commaqds.
" I t may be eyercised in two ways :
" Fit:, tke natiraq, wkick may be wroigkt tkoigk
thiqgs wkose virtie nd property is natiraq to do tkem,
as kerbs, plaqts and Stones, tke planets and keaely
inlieqcess tkis art is rawfir.
" Secondly, tke otker sind of necromncy is tkat
wkick is practised tkroigk tke kerp and favoir of tke
deviq, whick katk been roqg eyercised iq tke worqd. Of
tkis tke Hory Scriptires teStify, speasing of tke magicians
of Pkaraok wko contended witk Moses aqd Aaron, and
in tke New teStameqt masiqg meqtion of Simon Magis
reb~ed by St Peter. the devils may be forced and
coqStrained by the good aqgels, and tltis is becaise of
tke grace whick the oqe lo: aqd tke otker yet retainss
" None can ise or eyercise tke art of qecromancy
inless ke u: mase aq agreement or epressed covenaqt
witk tke deviq. . v . Some devirs are referred as prin
cipaqs to commaqd tke reSt aqd the inferior devils are
sibzect iqto tkese wkick are of migkty force to eecite
tkat wickedqess.
l lO
 rOWETS O F EVIl.
1'1 1 R U T U S ' ASMOI1.US A l f' C U IIU S
n
t r rrtt"r IlfN
IIfll
B
F"'"'
 NECROMANCY-SORCERY

" Wslvd dvrqn3 Eqv ds-sdvd sntq nvnv dvgqvv3 qq

qqdvq3, E3 thv gqqd Engvl3 Eqv di-idvd intq nsnv qqdvq3
qq hsvqEqlhsv3U
" Thv iqft Eqv lElFvd P3qtdqthvs qq fEF3v gqd3 whq
wquld bv wqq3hsppvd E3 gqd3H E3 thEt dvrqn whq 3Esd
tq Chqsft, v thqt ws(t fEFl dqwn End wqq3hsp rv. Thv
pqsnlv qf thv3v s3 BvvFzvbubU
" Thv 3vlqnd Eqv thv MvndEqsqqur qq 3psqst3 qf
Fysng. Thvsq pqsnlv s3 thEt 3psqst Pythqn. Ths3 nd

qf 3psqst dvlvv-v by thvvr qqElFv3T dv-vnEpvqn3 End ppch

ia.vqn3.
" Thv phiqd Eqv hv dnststEti3 qq thv vv33vF3 qf Engvq{
End Eqc thv in-vntqq3 qf ll wslvd Ert3. Thv pqvnlv q,
thvr s3 vlvEFU
" Thv fqtqth Eqv thv Rv-vngvq3 qf wslnvdnv33 End
thvsq qsnlv s3 U3mqdvI3U
" Thv fth Eqv thv PqvtvgsEtqq3 whq itEtv miqEllv3
End 3vr-v thv rEgsl nd rEFvjwl3 End 3vdulv pvqpFv
in thvvq vqElFv3U
" Thvvx pqvnlv s3 SEtEn.
" Ssxth Eqv thv UqsE! pqwvq3 whq x thvr3vF-v3
wsth thundvq3 End lsghpning3l lqqqupting thv Esq, bqingsng
pvrulvnlv End qthvq. v-sF3. Thvvx prncp s3 Mvqszv,
E 3qtth dvqn, qEgsng End wurio u r whom PEul
,

lEll3i sn thv Ephesians, ' E pqvnlv of the powpr qw

thv EvqU
" Thv 3v vnth arp thv uqvv3, thv 3qwvq3 qf rv3lhvf
nd discords, wkq3 and de:ru:ion. Thesq qsnlv s3
lE((vd Upq((yqn, sn vbqvL UbEddqn, whq dvStqqy3
End lEy3 wEftv.
" Thv vvghth Eqc thv CqvrinEtqq3, Lhq3v pqvnlv v3
UftEqqth. e v3 thv lElurniEtqq
III
 THE M YSTERIS AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

" N i!yh arc yhc Tck"ydrz, a!d all bad gc!iiB Thcir
zki!cc iz !ak2d!i i!ycr"rcycd cdvcyduz!czzB"
thcrc wrc ka!( yraiyid!z cd!ccr.i!g yhc cdvc!a!yz
or Bwctz kwdc wiyh yhc dcvil i! cxchw!gc fdr ccryai!
"dwcrz, rc!cwcd (duyh a!d dyhcr dczircd wyyai!kc!yz,
kw!( df wgich arc !d dduby fabumduzi but thcrc arc sdkc
yrw!zcri"yz yd bc fdu!d i! kw.uzcri"yz "urBdrytg y d
b c cd"icz d f yhczc curiduz ddcukc!yz.
raCtz wiyh yhc dcvim wcrc zwid yd bc wmwa(z zg!cd b(
yhc cxccuydr wiyh hiz blddd wz bcitg thc kd: zwcrcd
zcam.
! a "a: rccdrdcd n yhc zcvc!ycc!yh cc!yur(, thc
zig!wydr( wgrcczU " Td dc!( Gdd bci!g yhc Crcaydr df
wll yhi!gz. Td blaz"hckc yhc yhrcc Dai!yz a!d thc odl(
Tri!iy(. Td yrwk"lc u!dcrfddy all yhc k(etcricz df
yhc rcdek"yid!; w!d yd zBiy d! yhc fwcc df yhc irgi.,
w!d wml yhc zwA!tz. Td wbhdr yhc !wkc df Chrieiw!
a!d rc!du!cc hrieAwiy(, ba"yizk, w.d yhc cdkkc!da
yid!z dE yhc Church a!d yhc zacrwkc!yzB Td zwcriicc
yd yhc dcvim, kwkc w "a r fdr yhc addrwyid! df hk, "a(
hik hdkagc df idcliy(, dcicayc nnd cc!y chAldrc! yd
ik, w!d rccdg!izc hik az Crcaydrl
k!dyhcr rcadz :
" J c . . . rc!d!cc a ydu z lcz bic!z ya!y zBiritu yz quc
cdrBdrclz qui kc "durraic!y cl rc cd!frcz dc h "ary
dc Dicu, de la icrgc viwric cy dc yauz lcz zwiy:z du
rwradiz, Barcillckc!y dc ka! "ayrd! zai!y vca! nazyietc,
zwi!y ricrrc, zai!y raul cy zai!y cra!;diz cy dc kc dd!!cr
dc cdrzz cy d' kc a Lucifcr ic( "rzc!y avcc yauz lcz
bic!z quc c fcra( a akaiz c ccBy mw valcur du zacrc
kc!y "dur mc rcgwrd dc ccux qui lc rcccvrd!yB
" Ey ai!zi lc zig!c cy ayyce c."
li
 NECROMANCY-SORCERY

In ShR library aS Upsala ShRrR is prRsRrvRd a wriSSRn

pact madR by oiR DaniRl SalShRnhus who sold himsRlf to
ShR dRvil.
ThR mRShods, riSRs and ritual RmployRd by nRcroman
cRrs arR fully dRscribRd in thR books of cRrRmonhal which
will bR dRalS with laSRrj
A sorcRrRr was said So b R onR who pra:isRd ShR
arSs of magic and witchcrafS, aid who had acquirRd
a supRrnaSural kiowlRdgR by thR usR of RnchantmRnSs
which gavR him command ovRr Rvil spirits.
ThR sorcRrRr madR no pax wiSh thR Rvil onR, which
diunguishRd him from thR nRcromancRr.
ThR obRx of thR sorcRrRr was ShRrRforR So conrain
somR Rvil spiriS So appRar, so that hR mighS quRuon him,
ShR RvocaSion bRng carriRd oi wiSh mytRrious riSRs
and cRrRmoniRs.
In ordRr So carry this ouS hR had ir to x upon a
placR propRr for such a purposR, which mighS RithRr
be a cwvR or vaulS drapRd wiSh black hangings and
lighSRd by a magical torch ; or iS mighS bR among thR
ruins of an anciRnS caStlR or abbRy, a churchyard or any
oShRr solRmn placR, bRtwRRn ShR hours of twRlvR and onR
in ShR morning, RiShRr whRn ShR moon shonR brighSly
or whRn ShR RlRmRnSs wRrR diSturbRd wiSh Sporms of
ShundRr, lighSning, wind and rain. WhRn a propRr
timR and plwcR wRrR sRlRttRd, a magic circlR was So bR
drawn, within wich She sorcRrRr and his associaSR wRrR
So Opancl. A piRcR of ground was chosRn ninR fRRt suvrR,
aS ShR full RxSRnS of which parallRl linRs wRrR drawn,
onR wiShin ShR oShRr, conSaining crossRs and SrianglRs,
closR to which was formRd ShR irSp or ouSRr circlR.
AbouS six inchRs within Shis a sRcond circlR was dRscribRd,
11w
A AGICIAN OR SORCEER STANDING IN THE MAGIC Cl.C.E PERFORMING
A CONJUATION
(From a dawllc 11u llS., IV ul1, In Le Brlsh )tsem.)

A UAGtCIAN OR SORCEER STANDING IN TlE MAGIC ClRCl.E INVOKING

SriSITS
(From . dr.wlne Ia aa MS., XIV NlIY, D Le Dr!Ush Hustmf)
l 14
 NECROMANCY-SORCERY

having iithln it another svhare corresgoneing to the

ir, the centre of ihich ias the seat or sgot ihere the
maer ane his associate iere to ane.
The grohne having thhs been gregaree ane the circle
comgletee, the sorcerer ias not, at the geril of his life,
to eegart hntil he hae comgletely eismissee he sgirit.
Great imgortance ias attachee to the eischarging om
the sgirit amter the ceremony ias finishee, ane after he
had ansieree all the eemanes maee hgon him.
y The magician mh iait gatiently hntil he has
gassee throhgh all the terrible forms ihich annohncee
his coming, ane only ihen the la shriek has eiee
aiay, ane every trace of ire and brimone has dis
aggearee, may he leave the circle ane eegart home in
sakty," sas a iriter of the sixteenth centhry.
y gi:hresvhc accohnt of a visit to the hohse of a
sorcerer in Paris, in the seventeenth centhry, is thhs
recoreee bl an ole French iriter :
" On the ceiling ne in the corners iere eivers hn
clean animals, ihich seemee to be rull alive, here the
sergent crailing ane irithing, there the bat iith its
membraneohs iings, there the toae iith eyes om brilliant
yet siniSter beahty ; ane there the skeleton om some oedly
mormee ish. the room ill mhrther containee the
mhrnace, the alembics, ane all the gregarations ane the
inStrhments of the sorcerer. On the right, on the lemt,
n every eireaion lay rangely mormee or grotesvhe
phials ane vases ane books, closee or half ogen, gor
traits in iax ane some symbolical images ; and amiust
this range colleCtion Stooe a brazier from ihence arose
a blhish lame ihich revealee the ighre of the sorcerer.
y y long loose ane trailing black robe envelogee his
IJ5
 THE MYSTEIES A ND SECRETS OF A GIC

tall igure ; in his left hand he held a book and in his

right a divining wand.
" The conStellations, the sun and the moon shone upon
his broad cheS:, on his head he wore a sort of turban,
and his shoes were long and narrowed of to a slightly
curving point.
" His countenance was not deStitute of a certain
grave dignity ; his gaze was ixed and contemplative,
and a thick beard descended to his cheSt.
" Making an imperative geture he waved me back,
and then the lame in the brazier redoubled its intensity ;
a thick smoke arose in cloudy whirls and speedily filled
the whole room. For a moment the magician seemed
to be invoking a familiar demon, and then suddenly in
the centre of the brazier arose a phantasmagoric appari
tion."
There was hardly a more terrible accusation one person
could bring againSt another during the Middle Ages,
than that of charging him with pra:ising sorcery.
In 1 3 .4 Robert Marshall of Leiceter and John
Notingham were indicted for conspiring to kill the King,
the two Despensers, the Prior and two other oicials of
Coventry, by magic arts. Marshall, who turned King's
evidence, said that certain citizens came to J ohn
Notingham as a man skilled in " nigromancy," and bar
gained with him for the death of the persons named,
paying a certain s um d o w n, and giving him seven pounds
of wax. With the wax, Not i ngh am and vfarshall made
seven images, six being of the proposed vitims and
the other of ichard de Sowe, who was seleCted for
experimental purposes. The work was carried out
with the closest secrecy in an old, deserted house not
1 16
 NECROMANCY-SORCERY

ak fkom Covhnfk, kne when fhh imkghs whkh khaey

fhh sokchkhk bkeh Mkkshkll fhkhSn k lhkdhn boekin
info nhh hhke of nhh ighkh fhkn khgkhshnnhe ichkke
eh Sowh, kne fhh nhxf eky shnn him to nhh hohsh of
fhh skie Richkke, whom hh fohne kkving mke ; vikSthk
John fhhn khmovhe fhh boekin fkom nhh hhke of nhh imagh
kne fhkSt if info nhh hhkkn, kne wifhin fhkhh ekys Richkre
eihe. Nofinghkm eihe in grison bhfokh thh cksh was
inishhe, kne Robhkf Mkkshkll in fhh hne ckmh fo nhh
scalole.

I u7
 CHAPTgR XI
WITCHCAFT-DEMONOLOGY

HE beief n witchcfaft as known in ReQizval tiRes

T was probably QefiveQ ffoR the wicQ Rythocogy of
the northern races.
The Hebre wofQ mekaseepah ldterally Rems one
who Rakes spells, aRulets, poisons anQ dncantations, anQ
corresponQs to the latin vemica. It is probable there
fore that the name " witch z RentdoneQ in the Bible haQ a
hifferent Reaniig to that appieQ to it n latef tiRes.
As Scott points out, " There is not a wofQ in scfiptufe
of a contraa of subjeion to a Qdabolic powef, no
infernal staRp of sign of such a fatal league, no fevecngs
of Satan anQ is hags anQ no dnfliion of Qisease of
Risfortune upon gooQ Ren."
On the othef hanQ, Quring the Chriftian era anQ
thfough the MiQQle Ages, the naRe caRe to be applieQ
to one (either Rale of feRale) who was believeQ to be
able to perfofR soRe operation beyonQ huRan power
by the agenc of evil pirits, such as workin evil upon
the ife anQ foftunes of othef people, anQ caSxing spells
on huRan beings anQ cattle.
The witch was saiQ to acquife these powers by Raing
a bonQ or coRpaft, seaceQ with hef blooQ, between hef
self anQ the Qevic.
By the tefRs of the bonQ it was unQerSxoog that she
renounceQ the sacfaRents of the Chrifxian religion, anQ
MM8
 l71bCICAFb-DEMONOLOGY
-ge.r - f.rm EE b.-rs Er EEr eh. r.ft EE h.r liE. d.DEe.d
h.r sEul eE fh. pEw.rs EE .Dil wh.r. if w-s b.bEnd
r.d.mpeiEnF
c c WifFh.s,
" s-bs Lir -lf.r LFEef, " w.r. E.n.r-llb
Eld, bl.-r .b.d, wrinnl.d d-m.sR uElb and Fripplsd,
Er.u.nflb p-pintsR -nd sEm.fhm.s -eh.ixts ; EE FrEss
Er-in.d e.mp.rs nd FbnnF-l ispEsifiEnsF Th.b w.r.
EEe.n pEisEn.rs -nd E.n.r-lly mEnEjmni-FsF pil.psb
-nd -ll dis.-s.s nEe und.rxfEEd bb fh. phbsiFi-ns w.r.
s.e dEwn fE eh. hnlu.nF. EE wifFh.s. Lh.b w.r. said
eE m-n. fwE FED.n-nfs wifh fh. d.Dil, En. pubiF -nd
Ens priD-e.. Lh.n eh. nEDiF.s w.r. pr.s.nt.c fE
eh. d.Dil hn p.rsEn, -nd inntru:.d eE r.nEunF. fh.
Hhristh-n E-ifh, er.-d En fh. HrEssR br.-n eh. E- s,
EinnnE h-nds wieh L-f-n, p-binE hnm hEm-E. -nd
bi.ldinE im bEdb -nd sEul. LEm. wneFh.s sEld eh.m
s.lD.s EEr - e.rm EE b.-rs, -nd sEm. EEr . .r ; fh.n
fh.b niss.d eh. d.Dil, -nd siEn.d eh.ir bEnd wieh
blEEd, -nd - b-nu.f .nd.d fh. m..einE, fh.ir d-nF.s
b.inE -FFEmp-ni.d wieh shEues EE ' H-, h- I d.Dil,
d.Dil ! D-nF. h.r., d-nF. h.r. 1 Pl-b h.r., pl-b
h.r. I L-bb-fh, s-bb-fhF' .EEr. fh.b d.p-re.d, fh.
d.Dil w-s s-id fE EiD. fh.m phnler.s -nd -mul.es."
" HEnF.rninE wiech.s, J s-bs - wrie.r EE - m-usFripf
o eh. sie..nth F.eurb, '' eh.s. h-E,s -r. - line-,. -nd
nind Ef p.Epl. .pr.sslb -Er..d wieh eh. d.Dil, hEldinE
-nd Eb.binE him -s fh.ir sEDsr.iEn -nd m-nt.r, -nd
su.rinE eh.ms.lD.s fE b. m-rn.d bb hnm, whiFh m-rn
ehsb .-r En En. EE fh.ir .b.s, E-shiEn.d lin. - fE-d's EEEe,
bb whiFh eh.b nnEw En. -nEeh.rR EEr eh.b h-D. -mEnE
fh.ms.lD.s Er.-e FEmp-ni.s -nd Er-f.riei.s, m-inE
EEe.n ,.n.r-l m..einEs, wFh ehsb pElluf. with -ll
M I9
 TE M YSTEIuS AND SECRETS OF AIAGIC
iOyhx!css, wbdki!wbOc iiOmwv!ics w!d i!fcr!wO ccrckd!vcs,
w!w dd hdkwgc yd yhc dciiO whd kdt cdkkd!Ox w"
"cw-cyh yd yhck v! yhc igu-c df w g-cwy Rwk gdwy."
kOyhdugh w gddd dcwO df !d!sc!sc hws bcc! w-vyyc!
cd!cc-!v!g yhc wvtchcs' kccyv!gs, yhc-c vs sdkc civdc!cc
yd shdw yhwy yhcsc wb!drkwO wdkc! did hwvc sccrcy
khcyi!Ss wy !vghy v! duydfthc wwx "Owccs, whc-c yhcx
"c-fd-kcd nxPc-vdus
vycs w!d cc-ckd!ics
wch "-dbwbOx cd!
cOudcd wiyh w! d-gx
k! v!yc-cti!S !c
sc-i"yid! df w wvychcs'
Dwbbwyh vs -ccd-dcd
bx kOd!sd dc CwP-d
v! w kw!usc-i"y df yhc
sxycc!yh cc!yuy. Hc
wws w Ocwr!cd kw! df
D"wv! w!d w c-w!ciscw!,
whd hwd w fric!d whd
ST PATRICK D THE DEVIl.
wws w sd-cc-c-, wiyh
(From D lYdut, XV Mcy.)
whdk hc wc!y td w
wiychcs' Dwbbwyh, u!dc- yhc "-cyccc yhwy hc wishcd yd
kwkc w cdic!w!y wvyh yhc dciiO.
Iy wws w dwr !ighy whc! yhc sd-ccrcr ydd him
duy df yhc ydw! i!yd yhc cdu!yrx, w!w yhcx waOcd
ydgcyhc- yhrdKgh ccrywi! iwOOcxs wd wddds, K!yvO yhc
rcwchcd w "lwi! icOd c!cOdscd -dK!d wiyh kdK!ywi!s.
Hcrc yhcx fdu!d a grcwy !Kkbcr df "cd"Oe, kc! w!d
wdkc!, whd wc!y K" w d ddw! i! grcwy mi-yh w!w
rccciicd hik ws w !divcc wvyh gOwd!css, wssK-i!g ik yhay
yhcrc wws !d grcwycr hw""i!css ! yhc wdrsd.
u 20
 T H E D E V I L A N D t V [ . A N G uLS P R E S y O z X G tT u S A B B ATH
tJ/rd ' a ttro"l in llu ((ll trf is Ii Doi/ .. tto., I/ a l i J wilc it tl. ,. '"'ore ..,,,,,/ 1 IO'CTISS iJ re!riJC t.,
rfff]i" a " ii/ 11 l l1 tlr .il gh Pir]] l1 L a tr., JOt_.
 lITCHCRAFT-DEMONOLOGY

" In hhe midSt of hhe ield a hhrone was built mery

sumptously, on which Stood a greah and m ig hp y zam
goap ho whom ah a certaon hour of hhe ni gh t hhey all
went ho do remerence.
" The remerence and homage which hhey do unho him,
os by hurning hheir ihoulders and nowing down hheir
headi as low ai hhey can. He whoch oi newly as
iumphed inho hhii brohherhood dohh irt woph words
wicked and anominanle, nlaspheme and renounce all
hhe holy poinhi and mySteroeis owong unho hhe demol hii
faihhful iermoce for emer woph many ohher execranle
ceremoniei, mowi and oahhs, which beong accomplished,
hhey mingle themielmei hogehher and many demols wiph
hhem in likeneii of young genhlemen and neaupiful
damei wihhouh ihame o r respe:."
Catro goei on ho iay : " There arc cerhain oyles
and oynhments wohh which hhey anoynh hhemielmei,
which deprome hhem of hheir riglh ienie, mang hhem
imagine hhey are hraniformed onho nirds or neats , de
cei vin g nop onl hhemselmes with hhii error, b u t ften
himes hhe eyei of ohheri, for hhe demil and other en
chanters so dazzle and deceime our iig h t, turning and
hransforming men inho neati ho hhe ieeming of hhose
wich behold hhem, hhough i n hrut h ip was nophing
so, but the iorcere s t hink phemselmes in t heir i magi na
tion to be transposed. Sometimes they anoynt them
selmes with ohher oynhmenhs whose operapion makeph
them think t hey are like fowls and can ly in hhe
air."
Tlui accounh wri tten ny a man of ontelligence and a
ieeker after hruhh on hii home, goei ho show hhah hhe
iuposed magic worked ny wipchei was largely due ho
121
 THE MYSTEIES AND SECRETS OF MA GIC

imauinaion and deception, no doubt ided by cer ta in

d u s the properties of which they underStood.
De Lancre uives the foyyoxnu description of the
deviy presiinu wt w Sabbwth or meetinu of witches :
" He i s seated on a byack chair, with a croxn of bywck
horns, two horns on the back of his neck, and one on
the forehead xhich s heds yiuht on the assembyy ; the
hwir brinu, the face paye wnd
exhibitinu siuns of uneasiness,
the eyes round, yarue and fuyyy
opened, inflamed nd hideous,
with w uoat's bewrd. The
neck and rt of the body
deformed, wnd in the shape
of w uowt ; the hwnds wnd feet
of w human beinu."
The owth to the demon had
to be pronounced in the
centre of w circye traced on the
uround, wccompanied by the
ofer of s ome pyedue, such as
WITCS IN FLIGHTthe uarment of the no~itiate.
a
(From The edue of the circle xas
w3cut or tbe XV cdnty,
Ulic Moitor.)
sup p os ed to tablish a mark
which the demon could not cros s . Heay perfumes,
uch a s vevan, with burninu incense and lighted
tapers, ayways formed part of the ceremonial. The
smoking braier, xhich entered yaruely into the
r it ua l , was believed to a: o n the d e mon s , and was
contantly fed xith ayy inds of those veuetable and
animal subtances that xouyd produce the mot smoke.
The presence of toads or familiars, xich w e r e some-
1 2.
 l71TCHCRAFT-DEMONOLO G Y

times dressed u p b y the xitches in scarlet velvet

with little bells, is mentioned n conncion with the
Sabbvths.
In the Bvsque provinces, the toad plvyed an important
pvrt in xitchcraft, and xhen a novice xas presented wt
the Sabbath for the r time, v toad xas uiven into the
care of her introducer, until she had completed her
novicivte and xvs considered it to receive it into h er
keepinu. I t was dressed in v little svck with v cowl,
throuuh xich the hewd passed, and open under the
belly, where it was tied with w bwnd that served vs w
uirdle. Tl}s dress xas uenerwlly made of ureen or black
cloth, or velvet. The towd wvs to be trevted with the
ureate cvre and to be fed and caressed by its owner.
The fumes from the narcotic plants used, such ws
bellvdonna, strvmonium and hemlock, xould probably
produce c ate of semi-upor and so inluence the
imvuination of the scvred speitors thvt they miuht
evsily fvncy thvt they sww the xritinu forms of spirits
n the air.
One method of cving a spell on v person employed
by witches xvs by mevns of the w vx or civy imvue.
The iuure of the intended viim had to be modeled
xith ureat secrecy. Tis hvvinu been done, v swallow
as killed vnd the hevrt placed under the right arm of

the imvue vnd the iver under the left. The eiuy wvs
net p ri cked vll over xith nex needles, each prick being
vccompvied by vn incvntation vnd terrible imprecations
ag a in the vi:im.
Sometimes the iuure xas moulded in earth tvken
from a urvvevrd mixed xith poxdered humvn bones.
Certvin mvuicvl siuns were then inscribed upon it which
1 23
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

wiri biliivih in tlmi th caugi thi hiath hf thi

victlm.
t n thi Brltlgh xugium thiri lg an lntiriting manu
gcript intltlih " A hlgchurgi hf Witchcraftm ag it wag
actih in thi family hf xr Ehwarh Falrfx hf Fuyhnim
Yhrkm h6. I . V
tn thi manugcript, x r Falrfax glvig a n acchunt hf
hhw hig twh haughtirg, Hilinm agih twinty-hnim anh
Elizabithm agih givinm anh a chilh callih xauhi Jifriym
wiri biwitchih by gix witchig whh ari namih.
Oni wag " xargarit Waiti, a wihhwm whhgi familiar
wag a hifhrmih thing wlth many fiitm black hf chlhurm
rhugh with hir anh thi blgnigg hf a cat.s Anhthir
wag " Jinnit Dibli, a viry hlh wihhw anh a repteh
wltch fhr many yiarg, whhgi familiar wag a whiti cat
gphttih wlth blackts Hi hbgirvig that, " yatan makith
ugi hf yi magg priifm chnfirmng thilr gupphgih hhllnigg
by chnjurlng anh by cang fhrth hivilg whiri thiy
nivir intirihus
On OCthbir 8thm x 6.1 , vilin wag fhunh lying hn
thi flhhr n a hiahly tranci, anh rimalnih unchngclhug
fhr a chngihirabli tlmi. Fhr giviral hayg ln guccigglhn
ghi hah thigi trancigm which chulh nht bi acchuntih fhr.
On Nhvimbir 3 rh at bria} hf hay, ghi callih hut lhuhl,
" Oh, t am phlghnihm" anh thlh hir hthir that " a
wqiti cat hah biin lhng uphn hir anh hrawn hir briath."
Thiy inhiavhurih th pirguahi hir lt wag a hriam, but
hn thi 1 4tp ghi agaln awhki thi hhugihhlh anh galh
ghi hah " fhunh a black hhg by hir bihglhi."
vir glir Elizabith hah glmilar giizurig anh lt wag
chncluhih thiy hah biin biwltchihm anh gugplclhn fill
hn thi hlh whmin ln thi villagi whh wiri beliivih th
h4
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; ll

A WETCII A N O JH:T 1 F A M I IBIARS '

Fr1111 /ot fJiifJr MS. on. Btiti.o ftf,urmt.
 JITCHCRAFT-DEMONOLOGY

work witchcraft. They were arreed, and after they

had been brought to trial, the girls are said to have
recovered.
The manuscript is illurated by many curious draw
ings, in black and white, of the witches implicated, and
a variety of weird and curious animals, birds, and other
range apparitions, said to have been seen by the girls,
together with some of the familiars.
The witch's familiar, which was conStantly with her,
was supposed to take the shape of a cat, dog or a great
toad, and so the black cat became associated with magic
and witchcraft.
The weasel has also been associated with witchcraft
from early times, and Apuleius in cc The Golden Ass "
mentions a praaice of the witches of Thessaly, of cutting
or biting of the ears of the dead in order to use them
as ingredients in their myerious compounds.
Thelyphron relates, how he kept watch over a body
for about half the night, and then received a visit from
a witch in the form of a weasel who . Stared at him with
" a conidence unusual in so small an animal."
A familiar is said to have once been dlsseeted by the
famous physician Dr. Wiliam Harvey, the discoverer of
the circulation of the blood.
The ory is related by Noteein thus :
" About 1 6 8 5 , a Juice of the Peace in south-west
England wrote a letter, in whih he said that he oNe
asked Dr Harvey .is opinion of witchcraft.
" Harvey replied, that he beieved there was no such
thing nd recounted a ory of a visit he made to a reputed
witch, when he was at Newmarket with Charles I."
The woman lived in a lonely house on the borders
125
 THE YSTEIES AND SECRETS OF rfA GIC

od the hecth. Hcrvey told heS thct he fcs c lUzcSd

cnd hcd doSe to donveSse lUth heS on the doSSon
tScde. The loScn belUeved hiS, bedcese cs HcSvey
saUdz " Yoe knol v hcve c veSy ScTTdcl dcde." HcSvey
then csked to see the litdh's dcmiiUcSz lheSeepon the
loScn beoeTht oet c dish od Silk, Scde c dhedklBnT
noUse cnd c tocd dcSe oet dSoS endeS c dhepu cnd
decnk soSe mBlk.
The wUtdh fcs peSsecded to To oet cnd Tet soSe cle
hcif c S-le cfcy, cnd lhsle she lcs cbsent HcSvey det
ep the tocd cnd doend the Silk inside. He dcSe to
the dondlesTon thct " it dUffeSed nofcys dSoS othee
tocdes," bet thct the old foScnx hcvUnT tcSed Uty hcd
doSe to belUeve thct -t .dontcined the spiSUt od heS
dcmTlUcS.
On heS Seteen, the old foScn cc lel lUke c tUTSess "
ct HcSvey, cnd loeld not be pcdUied fith Soney , so
thct he fcs oblUTed to tell heS thct he lcs the ;UnT's
ph sTdUcn sent to dssdoveS G she wcs c lUtdh, cnd Un
dcse she leSe, to hcve heS cppeehended, cnd so he took
us depcSteSe.
The beTTnnBnT od the iwteenth denteey scl the doS
SendeSent of cn epUdemUd od fTtdhdeadt cnd peescutUon
theoeThoet Eeeo e fidh dontineed entUl neae thv close
of thv se vxteenth dvntuey. v t fa not e x Tl Utc ceaft
was plcced by the 6heedh endee the head of heeesies,
that wTtdhes feee SUToeoesly peosedeted.
The fie u Papci Bell cgaUnpu fUtdhdeaft was that od
SeToey I in 1 2 2 2 , mqd in 1 4 X 4 Pope Inqoceqt VIII
peoSelTcted hUs delebected Bell cTcTnpu vcSBoes peaices
ow soSdeey cnd fUtdhdeadt, cnd UntSodeded the teeeUle
6oeets E SaoeBncy, pSessded ovee yy theee Soecey
m 2k
 \

l .
'\U. .

' !

A \'ITCII S U R R O U N O t > BV F A M i s. I A I S . N E I ST R A : G . A I ' I' I R I T IOI'S

F,,,, the F if. ,tfS. , 111. niti.zh '"''"z"

 WITCHCIAFT-DEMONOLOGY
Inquisitors, which spread conSternation n Germany
and other parts of Europe. In this Bull sorcery and
heresy were conounded together, while liberty and
life itself were no longer safe to anyone under the
Tribunal. Pope Alexander VM renewed the Bull againSt
witchcraft, but the number of witches suddenly appeared
to increase ; spies, informers and exorciSts multiplied
also, and the rack was in conStant use to extort con
fession, while the ires were kept burning for those
whom the torture had driven to confession.
In three months during the year 1 5 : 5 , 5 oo witches
were burnt in Geneva alone ; a thousand were con
deliUled in the diocese of Como ; a single inquisitor
boaSted of having condened 9oo in Lore, and " Trois
Echelles " cofessed that he knew of x,zoo witches
in France nd claimed to have passed judgment on at
least two thousand of hls pretended associates.
n the time of King Athcl:an there was a law provid
ing that where witchcraft caused death it should be
punished by death, but where the efect was less serious
the offender was imprisoned or ined.
A Statute againSt witchcraft in England was passed
in the reign of Henry VM, and additional laws were
added by Henry VMMM, Elizabeth and James I, the last
being particularly industrious n hls persecution of those
accused of witchcraft.
In Scotland, in particular, witchcraft appears to have
abounded and persecutions were very frequent.
King James V M, before he became James M of England,
took an aive part in several witch trials, especially in
the inquisitions to discover the praCtices of one Cun
ngham. The moSt horrible tortures were inli:ed
1 .7
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

.x yhc uxf.ryuxayc "cd"lc wh. wcrc accuwcdi w.kc .f

wh.k wcrc "crw.xR .f hvSh raxk axd ".wvtv.xi wuch aw
qd( c.wlvw axd .yhcrwi whdw! yrvalw arc rcc.rdcd ,(
rvycavrxB
xc kcyhdd df dctcilixS wvychcw, axd at yhc wakc
yvkc t.ryurvxS thck t. kakc c.xfcwwv.xi waw ,( kcaxs
.f ruxxvxS "vxw vxy. thcvr ,ddvcwi .x "rcycxcc .f dvw
c.vcrvxS yhc dcvio'w kark .r wvSxB TMuw "ratvcc waw
actuall( carrvcd .x aw a calHxS vx Sc.tlaxdi apd yhc kcx
wh. c crcvwcd vy wcrc kx.wx aw " "rvckcrw."
Sc.yy Paycw thati at thc trval .f vaxct caP.n .f
DalkKvthU thc kaSvuaycw axd kvxvPcrw .f thc t.wx
cauwcd vdn vxcavd .f draxcxti thc c.kk.x "rvckcri
td cxcrcvwc hiw craft u".x hcr
Hc rcCdrycd, that " hc fduxd tw. karkw .f whay hc
cal-cd thc dcviM'w kakvxS axd wch a""carcd vxdced yd
bc w.i f.r whc cduod x.t fcco thc "vx whcp vt waw " u t
vxy. cvthcr . f t h c wavd karkw pdr dvd thc( thc karkw)
blKcd whKx vt waw takcx .ut aSaix axd whcx whc
waw aRkcd whcrc whc thduSht thc "vxw wcrc "uy vxi whc
"dvxycd yd a "ary .f hcr ,.d( dvPaxy frdk thc rcal
"laccB" Thc( wcrc "vxw df d ixchcw vx lcxSyhB
neRvdK yhc faa yhat yhc ,ddvcR .f .ld cd"lcU cRccva-lyU
RdkKyvkcR havc w"dtw vdvd .j wKxRvbvjiy(, yhcre vw aRd
rcawdx to ,cjicvc yhay yhe Cr.feRRK "rvkcrw uRcd a "ix,
yhc ".vxt .r jdwcr "ary df whvch waw, dx bcvxS "rcwwKd
ddwxU whcayhcd vx thc u""cr "ary whvch waw hdll.w fdr
thc "uk".wc axd whvch, wavjc aCCKarinS y. extcr the
,ddx, dvd x.t "vcrcc vy ay allB
Ix V 67m yhc rrvv( Cduxcvl rcccvvcd a cdk"lavxy frdk
a "..r w.kaxi whd had bccx a,uwcd ,( a cduxyry
kaSvuayc apd .pc df thc w.-callcd "rvckcrw. hhc
V. 8
 l7ITCHCOAFT-DEMONOLOGY
kckbcis df yhc Cdux[Ll c"icsscd aigh dvs"lcwsuic
wt yhc "icsuk"yvdx dl yhc "aiyvcs cdk"wvxcd wgwvxPi
wxd yicwycV yhc "ivZkci ws w Zdksdx chcwy.1
n uZt dl rwilvwkcxy was "wsscd vx ExgHwxd vx V 664
wgwjxSt wv yZhZiwlyi wxV ywclvc bvshd"s wyycxdcd yhc
cdkkjyycc wacx vy wws dis[usscd vx yhc odusc df
pdiVs. The ruivywxs uigcd yhwy yhc "cisc[uyvdx dl
wl wvychcs shduld u c icxcwcdB dhc
"vscd"wl "wiyx
ecluscV yd su""diy jyi di yd ywkc wx w:vvc "wiy jn yhc
"cisccuyvdx. xdce thc Ldxg Pwilvwkcxyi hdwcvci,
yhc cwk"wvgx ,idkc duy wvyh icicci jxycxsvyxB wchwiy
Giwx wycs yhwy hc hwV sccx w iSt dl yhicc yhduswxV
wvychcs cxccuycV Vutxg yhwy "civdV Dii Mwyyhcw owlc
"icsvdcd whcx sdkc dl yhc uxfdiyuxwyc cicwyuics wccuscV
dl yhc dfcxcc wcic ,idughy yd yivwli wxV chwigcd yhc
uivcs yd cdxvvc yhc "cisdxs. bvcx Dvi uhdkws nidwxc;
yhc hukwxc wuyhde dl yhc " clvgvd McVvcvi" gwvc
cvvdcxcc wy yhc yivwl wxd wssciycV yhc icwljyx dl yhc
civkc. Dd gcxciwl dvd yhc chwigcs dl wvychciwfy bc[dkc;
yhwy xd clwss dl sdcvcyx wws swlc lidk wccuswyvdx wxd
sus"vZvdx; yhduswxVs "cijshvxg ux yhc lwggdy wxV
ydiyuic.
klyc- sevcil yhdusqnds dl vi:iks hwd sufc-cd yhc
"cxalyx, Sir Jdhx Hdyy, ux his udi[vw iimxcss, Stemmed
yhc yvVc of lix wgwvxel yhc unfortunate w[[uscdm ukdxg
yhc lwsy vviks ZdxdckcV vx Exglwxd wcre w
wdkwx wxd hcr Vwughyci, yhc layyci dxx xvxc xcwis dl
qgc. Tae wcic wZZuscd dl scllmng yacvi sdus yd yac
dc ii wxd [ausvxg w Pdik " bx "ulixg df yhcvi etd[kixgs
wxd swixg w Mwyhci dl sdw"."
Ix yac cvghyccxyh ccxyuyi cvcx kcx lv c Jdh \ cslcx
1 " fouOtainalls DecisioOs," ol. I, p. 1 J.
 THE .MYSTEIES AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

and WilwyEr BwEDVSoonv wvtv bvlivvvts in wKtDhDtEft, End

it wFs not tntil 1 7 d thFt PEtMKFmvnt tvpvEkvd thv
StEtttv EGEynSo wKtDhDtEft End thv fvEt of wKtDhvs bvGEn
to dKv ott.
Thv WKtDhDtEft Uft of 1 7d 5 (svotGv I)T whiDh is
SiFw in fotDvT ptovKdvs thEt " no ptosvDtyon shEl bv
btotGht fot wKtDhDtEftT sotDvtu, vnDhEntrvntH ot Donh
fttEion ; btt Kt is vnh
E:vd thEt if Eny pvtson
pretend to vvtDisv Enu
ind of witDhDtEft,
sotDvru, vnDhEntrvnT ot
DonfttEtKon, ot tndvt
tEVv to tvll fotttnvs, ot
pretmd ftor scKFl Kn Enu
oDDtFt sDKvnDv to dish
Dovvr whetv oSt Good
mEu bv fotndT stDh
pvtson shEFF bv KrptK
sonvd fot E yvEt, End bv
ptt n the piwwotu onDv n
A DISilOP EXORCIZJNC A DEMON vvvru tFxtvt f S Ch
(From D -dNuT, XV :aTury.)
yvFt."
ConcenilG dvroniFDEl possvssKon thvv Ks E Don
sKdvrEMlv diffvtvnDv of opinion End thv stMjv: hFs lonG
bvvn E rFttet of Donuovctsu. Thvrv EppvEts to bv
FKttwv dobt thEt Kt hEd Kts otKGKn Kn thv bvwKvf hvwd bu
ptKrytKvv pvopFvs thEt vvKl spKtKts ot dvrons Dotld
vntvt thv htrEn bodu End thts DEtsv disvEsv End othet
KwwsH tntKw thvu wvtv dtKvvn ott bu KnDEntEions ot
vxotDKsr bu KnvoVKnG E hiGhvt powvt.
UDDotdinG to BKblKDEl EDDotnts, thv dvrons sorv
13o
 WITCHCAFT-DEMONOLOGY

times made their presence both seen and felt, and in

numerous pictures, representing saints in the att of
exorcizing in the Middle Ages, the devil or demon is
represented with the traditional horns and forked tail.
It is evident, however, from the period from wich
we have any detailed and accurate accounts of these
unfortunate people, that their condition was generaly
due to some form of insaity, epilepsy, or condition of
neurosis that was not underood at the time.
It was not until theifteenth century, that doubts appear
to have arisen in the inds of some thinkers as to the
nature of demoniacal possession, and one of the ir
to comment on it was Nidcr, a Dominican frir who
died at Colmar in 14w 8. John Wier, who also wrote
about 6w on the power of the devil, limited it to an
influence on the imagination. Others then began to
notice the resemblance of certain diseases, believed to
have been caused by demons, to those known to be
from natural causes, and Boquet declared that such
maladies could be cured by physicians. Schenck, who
Studied the cause of nightmare, which at that time
was generally believed to be due to an incubus, at
tributed the cause to " the obuuion of vessels
which uite the spleen to the omach, by the thicken
ing of the garic juice having become black bile."
The principal symptom, he observes, " consits in a
sensation of oppression as if the weight of a burden
prevented the person from breathing, and horrible
dreams accompany tlus sensation."
As to demoniacs, Schenck says he considers them as
sick people. They have been cured even after the
prayers of the Church and by the physicians, and he
I l
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECRETS 6I MAGIC

lonlludes that the sake kaladies whilh seek to be

laused bm the olluvt fojles lan be ket with in people
who aje ilv fjok nhtujal lauses.
\'ith jefejenle to lonfessions wjung bm tojtuje
fjok those allused of sojlejm oj witlhljaft, it was said
that the fehj of the tojtuje alone louvd pjodule the
efects whilh appehjed to lonijk theij guiltv But even
at the end of the sixteenth lentujy, ken iye Fejnelius
and Akbjoise Paje, who had desljibed epilepsm hnd
hmpolhondjia as diseases, bevieved that sojlejejs weje
able to lause dekons to entej the hukan bodm and lause
t a kadness tat jesekbled kania."
It is now known thht neujasthenia is due to a dejanne
kent of the nejvous smstek, to whilh is added an eko
tionav intensitmi wejm faluvtm belokes sensitive, even
pain is felt, the senses soketikes pejvejted, nd spasks,
pajoxmsks and loss of sensibivity kam olluj, but that
these kanifestations lan. be lontjolled by the wll powej
of anothej pejson.
Chajlot has shown the effects of hmpnotil tjehtkent
upon those sufejinn fjok alute hmstejia, and has
pjoved, that when a pejson is hmpnotized the elaftwl
kuslulaj loatinn of the ajtejies lonstji: to sulh hn
etent as to stop the low of blood, and that when
needves aje stuln iOt the flesh no bleeing fovvos.
Thus the linht of kodejn scienle has dipevved kulh
thht was thounht in the p-t to be due t~ occult forces.
 CHAPTER XII
'
WITCHES OINTMENTS

AIOUS ointments or unguents were made

V and employed by witches, which were supposed
to enable them to ly in the air, to see spirits, and
produce other mySterious effe:s, and there is no doubt
that some of these were highly aCtive preparations.
The secret of the composition of these ointments was
jealously guarded, but we have been able to gather
from various manuscripts several recipes sid to have
been used in the sixteenth century.
BaptiSta Porta gives a recipe for an unguent used by
the witches in Italy n the sixteenth century. It is
composed of aconite, boiled with the leaves of the
poplar, then mixed with soot and made into an ointment
with brmJatJ fat.
In this, the aconite, or monk's-hood, a common plant
in the country, is the a:ive ngredient. It is a powerful
poison and contains several alkaloidal principles, the
chief of which is aconitine, a minute quantity of which
will cause death. Applied externally, aconite produces a
tingling sensation, which is succeeded by numbness of
the part. The soot was used simply as a colouring agenl ,
and the fat as a vehicle for maing the unguent. Another
formula, of the same period, consists of Acor11 vugare,
Verspertilio1s sangmnen1
and Solan1J Jot;mferml
123
 THE M YSTEUS AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

boiled togebher in oil. To bXs, Indien hemp end

sbremonium eere somebimes edded, end bhe ehole
mede inbo en oyibmenb eibh bhe blood eid feb of ixghb
birds.
In this recipe bhere ere bhree highly boxic subtces.
Belledonne is e ruong poison end given inberielly emyl
produce deyirium. Its e.ye
prmnciple, ebropine, hes e poeer
ful efea on bhe eyes. Indit
hemp, beken inbernelly, pro
duces e kind of mntoxicebion,
etbended by ehilarebion of
sptnts end hallucinations,
folloeed by nercotic efeas,
sleep end upor. Sbremonium,
or thorn-epple, ields e prii
ciple celled deturmne, eich,
like ebropine, dilebes bhe pkpils
of bhe eyes td emll cekse de
lirium. The " blood end feb of
nighbbirds " eere of cokrse
ITCnFS AtlNC THEI.
)ACIC UNCUENT innocuous, end eere dokbbless
From . wolot nf lht ::v aasuy .
Ulri: Moitor.)
xnbro duced es clements of
myery.
Anoher oinbmenb ees prepered by miing " econxbe,
bezledonne, eber persye, cinquefoil end beby's feb.t
The eeber perszey eas probebly coebene or eeber
hemloce, e herb of e highly poisoiok neture.
Hemlock, viven internally, mey produce delirikm
end conteins e poeerful alkeloid cezled cone, ehych
ceuses perelysis of the volunbery muscles.
There is libble doubt bhet bobh the xevicmen end bhe
1 34
 l71TCHES' OINTMENTS

witch knew fhe grogerties aue effets of many of

these gjnfs, from exgerience gainee in fheir hse in the
fhmigations emgjolee af all their ceremonies.
Besiees fhe erhgs menfionee, fhey ajso emgjolee hejje
bore, which confains a gowermhj grincigje cajlee xera
trine, fhaf has a rong irrifafing aslion on fhe skin ;
henbane, a narcofic which confains among ofher goison
ohs ajkaloies hlosclain, which eilafes fhe ghgijs of fhe
eyes ; ane manerake, which, owing to ifs asixe grincigje
maueragorine, has gowerfhl narcotic grogerties ane
was hsee by fhe Greeks x ancienf times as an an:Sthefic,
owiug to ifs aslion x groehcing eeeg sjeeg ane Sthgor.
From fe goggl thel gof the sogorific efesls of ogih.
Other formhj: are also fohne which are vhife in
nochohs, as fhe following, saie fo have been hsee by
witches for working magic ane seeing visions :
" zn oynfmenf to see sgirifs.
" Take fhe gajl of a bhll, anfs eggs ane le fat of N
white hen ajj mixee fogefher ne anolnf lohr eles
to see sgirifs."
znolnf lohr face wifh le faf of a lag-wing, or le
cc

bjooe of a jag-wing, ane of a baf or a goaf ane make

an oinfmenf."
Bhjj's gajj, eijhfee wifh wafer, was hsee as an agglica
fion fo fhe eyes by fhe Angjo-Saons. If was reghfee
fo have fhe grogerty om " clearing " ane imgroxing
fhe sighf, ane was a wejl-known eomeStic remeey for
afetions of fhe eyes.
znother magicaj eye oinfmenf hsee bl wifches fo
" see xisions " is given in a sixfeenfh-cenfhrl MS. ane
is eireslee fo be gregaree as follows :
" take m ginf Sallef oyle aue ghf if info a reaj gjassc
1:'
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECRETS OF i!AGIC

adA ac irf eash ;c eich r-s. eat.r adA daryv-hA J-e.r

eat.r th. l-e.rs b.edv gath.r.A t-eaAs ch. .a .
\ash it udtih th. -yh R-d. ehit. th.d guc ic ;dt- th.
ghass adA th.d guc th.ret- th. buAAs -f h-hyh-cr.
th. l-e.rs -f daryv-hA, th. J-e.rs -r t-gs -f e;hA
thyd. adA th. buAAs -f y-udv haz.h. Th. thyd. duf
b. vath.r.A B.ar ch. s;A. -f a h;hl eh.r. ch. fayr;.s us.
t- b. -fc adA ch. vrass. -f a fayr. chr-d. th.r.. A;l
th.s. guc int- th. -yh. ;B th. vhass. adA v.c ;t t- Aiss-hi.
3 Aays ;n ch. ~udn. adA th.d t..g ;c f-r Vhy us.. t
Hugraj
" An-ydt udA.r Vh. .y.h;As adA up-d ch.d d-rd;dv
adA .i.didv buc .sg.c;ah;y eh.d y-u calh -r finA. y-ur
sivhV d-c g.rf.ct"
 CHAPTEN XIII

THE 3LACK MASS-THE MASS OF ST SE CAIRE

" "
THE GOATS

F
ANTASTIC oriRs havR bRRn wriSSRn con
cRrning thR so-callRd Black Mass associaSRd
with thR pra.icRs of sorcRry and wiSchcrafS
ij thR sitRRnSh cRntuy ; and, alShough mand of thRsR
arc buS fablRs, thRrR can bR no doubS, from hiStorical
rRcords ill RxSant, ShaS cRrSan infamous and blas
phRmous riSRs wRrR carriRd on long afSRr ShaS pRriod.
ThR mRn who oiciatRd aS thRsR profanR cRrRmoniRs
appRar to havR bRRn rRnRgadR or dRgradRd priRSts who
had givRn ShRmsRlvRs ovRr So thR sRrvicR of thR dRvil,
and wRrR rRadd So pRrform an abomination for gai.
In I 5 9 3, thR ParliamRnS of BordRaux condRmnRd to
bR burnt alivR onR PiRrrR AupRSiS, cure of PugRas, afSRr
confRssing chaS for twRnSd dRars hR had worshippRd ShR
devil aS witchRs' sabbaShs anl pRrformRd impious
MkssRs in his honour. Charl es IX is said So kR
employed an apoStaSR mon to cRlRbraSR ShR "EuchariSt
of Hell " bRforR himsRlf and his intimatRsr and i n
1 5 97 thRrR i s rRcord ShaS J Ran BRlon, a cure o f ShR
diocRsR of BourgRs, was burnRd aS ShR akR for dRsR
crating thR sacramRnts and cRlRbraSing abomynablR
cRrReoRs.
In z 6o9, sRvRral othRr riuus wRrR arrRutRd in ShR
t 37
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECRETS OF MA GIC

BAyonne distEit on <imiMAE chAEge< And foE ceMebEating

"SAcAn'< 1fA<<."
ebouL Lhe middMe of Lhe <ebenLeenLh cenLuEyd MAde
Meine BAbenLd A FEAnci<cAn <isteE ALLAched Lo Lhe conbenL
of SAinL< Boui< nd EMzAbeLh AL LoubiMMe<d by Lhe
diEection of heE confe<<oE wEoLe A de<cEipLion of Lhe
blA<phemou< ceEemonie< of Lhi< MA<<d AL which <he
stALed <he hAd dekiMed Lhe cEucikix And tEAmpled on Lhe
con<ecEAced wAfeE. In connexion wiLh Li<, A prict
cAlMed BouMMc wA< buEnL in 1 647.
In Lhe Lime of Loui< PIM, Lhe pEAice o f <oEceEy
wA< cAEEied on AMM obeE FEAnce, whiMe in rAEi< iL <pEeAd
lihe An epidemic thEoughouL Lhe ciLy, nd fEom Lhe
highest Lo Lhe loweSt Among Lhe peopMe LheEe wA< a
belief in Lhe occulL poweE< of Lhe mAgiciAn. . SoEceEeE<
Abounded, And LheiE <evice< weEe <ought by <ome of
Lhe gEeALest in Lhe lAnd foE poi<on Lo Eid Lhem<eMbe< of
unde<iEAbMe reMALibe<, or lobe-philLEe< Lo ALrAW fEe<h
MobeE<.
Chiof Among Lhe<e ebiM charAteE< wA< Lhe noLoriou<
qA Voi<in (CALheEine De<hAye<), who Mibed in Lhe iue
BeAuEegAEd And who wA< A<<ociALed wiLh mAny of Lhe
poison myeEie< of Lhe Lime.
The infamou< ebbn ouibouEg, who aidod heE in heE
cEimes, was another of tho gAngd and in Lhe celaAr< of
Lhe hou<e< wheEe Lhey cAEEied on thoir nefAEiou< pEAice<
Lhe " BlAck MA<< " wA< pEobAbMy ceMebEALed.
It A< StALedd And po<<iZMy wiLh <ome LEuth, LhAL young
cMdEen weEe hiMMed duEing Lhe<e EiLe<, and LheEe i< An
AccounL LhAL qemeignAnd bicAE of SL. Eu:Ache, wA<
conbited of hAbing Lhu< <AcEiiced infAnL< Lo SAxAn.
The<e ebiM ceEemonie< weEe caEEied on inLo Lhe
13 8
 THE BLACK .MASS-THE MASS O F ST. SE CAIRE

ei,hteen-h ien(urbE and on -he nv,h- a.-e6 -he mu6de6

of Louis XVI, vn 1 79 3 , o n u K be 6 o. -heFe La-an tF,
aF -heb came -o ke calledE aFFemkled and pe6.o6med -hev6
M5FFk
Vorious occounts nove been 6eco6ded o. -he klaF
qheKouF 6v-ual -ha- waF ca66ved ou ot -heFe meegin,FF
miio6dvn, -o one deFc6vp-ionE -he al-a6 waF iove6ed
wi-h -h6ee linen ilothF and upon v- waF Fe- Fix block
5ndpeF and vn -he cen-6e an vnve6-ed c6uivfi o6 a i,ure
o. the devvlF Lhe KvFFal waF kound vn -he skin o.
on u nb 5q tiz ed kak v. Lhe vetents ore v a6vo us lv
deFi6vked aF F oKe tvKeF bei ng all k l 5i k E wv-h a ioqe of
white sil eKkroide6ed wi-h r coneFX o6 a cnosuble
of a violet colour.
Lhe cepekran- Fq6vnnled hvF .ol'owe6F wv-h ftltnv
woter bv teons o. o klacn k6uFhE o6 uFed ionFei6a-ed
wine .o6 -he pu6poFe.
Lhe 6vtual ke,an wv-h n invoca-ion -o -he devvlE
whvih waF followeq bv o moin ,ene6al con.eFFvon, -he
ce'ek6an- main, n inve6Fe Fi,n o. -he c6oFF wv-h hiF
left nonq.
Lhe IoI waF -hen kone -o -he al-a6E anq a- -he Eleva
tion -hoFe present made deouF Fc6eamF and .6enzied
bellF.
The eafers ar= said -o haDe keen FoKe-vKes dark
onq roWlq, otpcq witn norrible deFi,ns, o6 iolou6ed
6ed wvth kood, o6 eere black onq ri5n,u ar in chape.
Lhe HoI waF ur Slabbeq witn a knife by the cele
brant, tnen tnrown on the groux d and - r a Kp l ed on,
wnile tne contents of tne cnolice were toureq over
v- wv-h akoKinakle exec6a-vonFk
At tne dose of tne celebrotion, ho Fe p6eFen- ,ave
V3
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECRETS 6I MAGIC

)gykzylvyz B yd wvld dncv!g wv)g yvyt( L!d dk db

zcy!i)y.
A zvsilwt tvyuwl, bu) kdt w dvfyty!) ButBdzy, wwz )gw)
cwlsyd v! Gwzcd!( )gy vfwzz dk D ) Decwvty, b( kya!z of
w gkg Btvy tz wyty bylyvyd b( )gy Gwzcd! Bywzw!ys
)d tyvy!gy ygykzylvyz d! yvvl ky! wgd wyty )gyvt
y!ykiyzB I) vz )guz dyzctvbyd b( lwde.1 Iy wwz )d
by zwvd v! w tuv!yd dt dyzyt)yd cgutcg, )gy wbddy dk
gddyv!g dwlz w!d bw)z w.d wgyty )dadz zuw) !dyt
ygy dyzyt)yd wlywt.
" Tygyt )gy Btvyt cdkyz b ( !vgg) wnd w) the itt
tdLy df ylyvy! byg!z )gy wzz bwckwwtd w!d y!dz
wy kvd!vggy. Tgy Hdt gy blyzzyz iz blwcL w!d gwz
)gtyy Bdv.)z. oy cd!zyctwyyz !d wv!y, bu) dti!kz dk
)gy ww)yt dk w wyll v!)d wgicg )gy bdd( dk w! u!
bwByvzyd v!kw.y gwz byy! flutg. Hy uwLyz )hy zLS!
dk )gy ctdzz, buy vy vz d! )gy gtd!d wv)g gvz lyfy fdd),
w!d kw!( dygyt )gi!gz gy ddyz wgvcg !d gddd
CgtvPvw! cduld lddL Bd! wvygdu) byv!g truck blL!d,
dywk w!d dukb kdt ygy ryt dk iz lify.
" Myw!wgily )gy kw! kdt wgdk )gy 1.fwsz vz zwvd vs
bylvyvyd yd by wv)gytv!g www(, ov)yly b( little, w!d
!d d!y cw! zw( wgw) vz )gy kay)yt wvyg gvk. Tgyx
dd !d) now tawy gy iz zdwl( d(v!g df ygy Mass dk
St Secaire."
Towards the y!d of the yLggyyy!yh cy!yurx, w kP erio us
zdcvyy( cwlsyd " Ty Gdwyz " wwz btdKgg) )d light in
Lvkbytg. Tgy kysbytz sy) w) !vggy i! w sytyt cgazyy,
w!d wkyyt v!fyt!wl dtgvyz w) wicg tgy( Bavd divine
gd!dutz nd gdswgy )d Dwyw., B u ) d! swzLz lvy gdwts'
" ISatoRz; :SB;c:titgDn: pDpSagr;: d; la Gascogne,"
]z
1

F. zladeF 1 8 8 3 .
1 40
 THE BLACK MASS-THE \!ASS 6I ST. PE CAIRE
h.adF. mf-.r .nv.lEpi, -h.KF.lD.F in lEn, Kan-l.,
-h.b w.nt fEr-h in kandF E p lund.6E 6EkE and d.nWrEb alp
-h.b K.- wv-hF
It iF nWa-.d, -ha- k.tw..n 1 77. ne 1774 , gh. L ikunal
Ef qEru.mEnt cEnd.Kn.d fEu6 hundr.d E. gh.F. p.Epl.
tE k. han,.d, kug fh. whEl. FEci.ty waF nEg ntaKp.d
Eut until 1 7 80.
 CHAPTER eIV

DIVINATION

IVINATIZN frz frzetellisg the fstsze has bees

D employed sisce the time rf tzimitive mas. It was
terformed is vazioss ways, which may be cxassiied
as satsray asd aztiiciax.
Rawlissos says that the csrm rf divising by meass
of a ssmbez rf rrds was tszeyy Magias, asd Hezrdrtss
desczibes the methrd emtxryed asd ates that it was
tzactised by the Scythins is Eszrte.
" Scythia," he rbserves, " has a basd rf srothsayezs
whr fozeteyy the fstsze by meass rf a ssmbez rf wiyyrw
wasds. A yarge bssdye rf these zrds is bzrsght and yaid
os the gzrssd ; the srrthsayez ssties the bssdxe asd
txaces each. wasd by itsexf, at the same time s ttezng his
tzrthecy.
Whle iyy steaing, he gathezs the zrds trgethez
cc

A divine rs magicay trer appeazs tr have bees

agais asd makes them st rsce. moze istr a bsndxe."

bexieved to ze is the wasds, asd they weze ssttrsed

to be crsssxted rs the mattez in hasd brth sevezaxxy
asd colxeCivexy. The bssdxe rf rrds thss bexieved
to be esdowed with ssternatszax wisdrm became tazt
of the zecogied tziexy vetmest, asd was cazried by
the 1Iagi rs ayy rccasioss of ceremriax.
Twigs of tamarisk weze sometimes ssd isStead rf
z42
 DIVINATION

wiwlow, and th. numk.r o. -h. wand9 vari.d .rom d to H ,

or 7 or 9
Ho9ta -h. proph.-, r.f.rrin, to th. pratic. of
dvvinationE 9ab9 " Mb chi.f9 a9n coun9.w wi-h -h.ir
nticn9r and th.ir Iaf9 d.lar. i- unto th.m.J
I t wa9 pokaklb prai9.d kb th. p.opl. o. W.fW.rn
j9ia a9 .alb a9 700 B . c .
mno-h.r form o. divina-ion i9 m.n-ion.d in Ez.ov.l
iy q1 call.d -h. min,lvn, o. rrow9. yhu9 wh.n
" th. v, of Bakblon Iood at th. h.ad o. -h. -wo
wab9 mo u9. ivvnaionh h. mad. 9 arrow9 kri,h-, h.
con9ult.d wi-h ima,.9 and h. woon.d in-o th. wiv.ruJ
Lh. wa--.r orm o. divinationr calw. cxti9piibr wa9
praai9.d kb th. B akbwonian9 akout 1 H oo B.c. and wa9
al9o appi.d to th. in9p.aion o. .ntraiw9.
Both th. E-ru9can9 and -h. poman9 .mplob.d thi9
m.thod o. divinationh wch th.b carri.d out kb th.
.xaminatvon o. -h. in-.rnaw or,an9 and .nuail9 of
animal9r and al9o of -h. drinn of.rvn,9.
yh. poman mru9pic.9E or oic.r9 appoint.d .or thi9
purpo9., had .our distint du-i.9 : to .xamin. th. Diim9
k..or. th.b w.r. op.n.dh to .xain. th. .n-rail9r to
ok9.rv. th. lam. a9 -h. 9acrimc. wa9 kurntX and -o .x
amin. -h. m.a- and ddin off.rin, whvch accompanv.d it.
I- wa9 renarded as M fMtMl 9inn if th. h.Mr- wa9 wantin,E
and thi9 i9 9aid to ha vc k..n -h. ca9. wi-h two ox.n
tha- w.r. 9acriic.d on -h. dab -ha- He9ar wa9 il.d.
I. -h. pri.I 9hould l.- -h. .n-rail9 .-ll, or -h.b w.r.
charn.d with kwood, or if -h.b w.. livid in colour, i -
wa9 k.li.v.d t o k . a por-.n- o. im.dva-. di9at.r.
Lh. ori,in of .xti9picb i9 9aid -o k. du. to th. cuntom
o. primitiv.E nomadvc trik.9 .xaKinvn, th. vi9c.ra o.
1 43
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

animals upfn'p spss-rng nn a platp fn' pntampmpns, sn

astp'sarn rf shp nprghunx'hnny )as hpalshv; A srmrla'
mpshny nf yrtrnasrnn sn fn'psell shp fxsx'p, )hith rs sary
sn ue Shrll p'atrsey rn JxrkeStan, )as sn yra) tnn
tlxsrnns f'nm she inps any ynss fnxny nn shp shnxlye'
ulayp nf a shepp afsp' is hay uppn y'rpy rn shp sxn;
detpn yrtrnrng a''n)s )erp as nne srme kpps rn she
g'pas mns|xe as cptta, uxs shp A'aus a'p sary sn hate
nnlv mayp xsp nf shree )hpn yrtrning; On nne )as rn
st'rupy " cv Ln'y hash tnmmanypy mp," nn annshp'
" YI v Ln'y hash fn'uryyen mp," any shp she'y )as ulank;
Uf shp i'St )as y'a)n, rs )as -nnkpy xpnn as yetine ap
p'nuasinn nf she pnsp'p'rse ; f shp sptnny, shev maye a
tnns'a'v tnnt-xsrnn ; uxs if the shr'y happpney sn ue
y'a)n, shpv i ey shem any y'e) thpm ntp' agarn
xnsr- a yetrsrte ans)p' )as grten uv nnp nf she nshp's.
Jhe mpshny nf yitinasinn uv tatrng lnss ta-lpy Snr
srlpge has ueen emp-nvpy f'nm pa'lv srmes uv FaSte'n
races fo r detc:in g a gur-sv {e'snn.

An inStantp nf ess xse rs sn up fnxny rn she Nsn'v nf

Jnnah, )hpn shp sAiln's nn shp shrp taSt -nss any jxygpV
him sn ue shp taxse nf shp spmppSt.
I s )as ta''rpy nxs uv ta'rnxs methods, uxs xsxallv
uv means nf peuulps nr tnxntp's eng'atey )ish tersarn
tha'a:e's, )hith )prp plated n an x'n, and the i't
)ishy'a)n )as uelrptpy sn gite the tn''ect rnVitatinn;
nnshp' )av )as sn plate prptes nf )nny n' pa'thmens
nn )hith -esse's )e'p )'rssen rn a unx, anV afse' yxlv
shakeng shpm, sn sh'n) shpm nn shp g'nxny, )hen anv
)n'ms shxs attrdpnsallv fn'mpy )p'p 'pga'yey as nmens.
Nrtrnasrnn uv npening a unnk, any attppsing a pn'srnn
nf shp sexs shas irNh apppars, )as annshp' mpshny pm-
1
 DIVINA TION

Cld(cd ix EdTc,clli.gB hhc carlx ChTifliwxz uzcd thc

Bible or thmz CurCdzc wxd thc viuzlikz thc KdTaxB
It mz zaid thwt Chwrlcz I wxd dTd cwlklwxd kwdc w ,riwl
dj thmz kethdd zhdT)l( vcEdTc ,hc du,brcwj dE th Ciiil
aTB " thc Edrker d"cxcd w, ,hw, "wzzwgc n thc fduTth
vdd dE thc Excmd, whcTc Dmdd "Tcdm:z thc iidlcxt
dcath dE hcr faithlczz ldicr ; whilc thc mw,tcr d"cxcd m t
wt ,hc lakcxta,idx dE Eiaxdcr dicr iz zdx i x ,hc
clcicxth vddj."
kz ixStax9cz df Veiexwtedx fdr jui9ewl "ur"dzcz ,hcrc
wTc rc9dTdz df twd 9wzcz that d99urTcd ix dxddx ix
M 3 m B Oxc rcEcrz td Sikdx GwTdixcr, whd ldSl hiz
kw cr vdwl wxd ck"ldycd Hcxr( dt, a Gcrkw., td
,Tw9c itB rdM kwdc bwllz dE witc 9la(, wxd wEtcT
w"Crd"riw,c ix9wx)wtidxz dc9mwTcd ,hwt dxc Ni9dlaz
cTckax wxd CTiStixc hez wiEc wcrc thc ,heciczB
Ix wxdthcr cwzc, " Mwud df b(c hwd hcT kw cr vdwl
Stdlcx, wxd Rdbcr- crcwdlj wwz 9dxzul)cd )d ixd )hc
thi e. Rdbcrt tddk a ldwE, wxd i cd ix thc tdC dE i t w
rduxd Ccg dE wddd, wxd fdur niicz wt jduT zidz dj thc
zw2e ix thc zhwCc df w 9TdzzB H thcx "rjdrkcd zde
d"crwtidxz 9wllcd ' wr) kagi9 : ' wxd xwkcd vdwx dlzc(
az )hc ,hecj," but wCCwrcxtl( thez jraud wwz diz9dicrcd,
jdr wc ixd that Rdvcrt ncrcwdlE waz Clw9cd ix thc Cildrx
wmth a daj hwxgixg rduxd his xc9kB
thcrc iz wxdther ixtcrcStixg rc9drd ix I 3 8 2 dj 1mtrcsz
kli9c Trig whd ldSl hcr rwriz kcr9hicj, wxd zuzCcEtcl
kli9c nxxthwk dE haiixg tdlex mtB thc twd wdkex zeem
td haic bcex EaiTl( ixtmkwtc, axd klm9c nxxthak wcxt td
w 9dbblcr, illiak drhakCtdxc, wxd tdld hi 9crtaix
Criiwtc kwttcTz cdx9crxexg diStrczz TrigB mlmiwk thcx
zaw vliStrczz hrig, wxd "dzixg wz w \'izc MaxR axd zkilled
14 5
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECRETS OF MA GIC

in mabic, LevealeM to NeL hfs knowleMbe of NeL pLivate

affaiLsy ImpLesseM by tlus, sNe askeM hnm who ole NeL
kerchner, to wNkcN Ne LeplieM tNat, wNoeveL it was i t
ceLtainly was not hice ByntNam, and told NeL tNat sNe
woulM be MLowneM witNin a montN. hltNoubN terLiieM
at hns propNecy, sNe liveM to see Wlli am anng in tNe
pnlloLy roL misMemeanouL.
CryStallomancy, oL Mivination by means of a tLans
paLent boMy, sucN as a cLystal ball, pLecious one oL
mnLLoL, was pLaClised from eaLly times. h beLyl was
beneLally prefeLLeM foL tNis puLpose. TNe cLystal bzeL,
oL " skyeL " as Ne was calleM, woulM look foL a pLov
lonbeM peLioM nto tNe globe and pLofess to see a futuLe
event, spiLit oL wLiting, foLeteling ceLtain tngs. TNe
metNoMs employed wil be fuLtheL MescLibeM n tNe
chapteL following. hubLey says, tNeLe were pLe
scribeM prayeLs to be sakM befoLe tNe speculation could
be maMe, wNicN the sootNsayeLs teLmed a " call." Simon
FoLman Lelates in a manuscLipt, in I 5 8 5 , tNat the EaLl
of DenbibN, tNen hmbassadoL at penice, " MiM assuLe Nim
tNat one MiM sNow Nim tNLee seveLal times in a blass,
thinbs past anM to come." WNen SiL MaLmaMuke
Langdale was n Italy, Ne went to one of these Magi,
" who eliM show him a blass wNeLe Ne saw Nkmself
neelib qefoLe a cLucisX. He was then a PLotestan,
anM afterwaLMs became a CatNolic."
He bives an inteLeStfng account of a " consecrateM
bcrill, in the possesskon of SfL EMwarM Harley of Batj,
which Ne kept n a closet at BLampton BLyan, HeLefoLM
sjire. It came iLst fLom OoLfolk. h mknioteL Nad it
theLe, anM a caul was to be useM with i t ; afteLwarMs a
milleL NaM it, anM botN MiM woLk gLeat cuLes witN it.
146
 DIVINATION

Ih the beeTl thet dbd eTyhee Ree a SeceTgt bh wSbtThT, oS

eiRe a heS. xhe beSiil bR a geefe: Rgheee, wTth a
dTaSetee I TkeRR to b e RoSethihT Soee thah ah bhch.
It bR Ret Th a eThT of RTivee SeReSbiThT a Tlobe p the eS
TR abokt 1t bhcheR hTThx all Tbit. At the foke coeheeR od
bt aee the haSeR od douS ahTeiR, yebei, taphaeix MTchael
and GabeTei. Oh the top iR a cSoRR patee."
Cet:aiioSahct haR uil btR beibeveSRy ahd tet doSSR
a ceoSThxt gaet od the S1ockebh-tSade od the doetkhe
teiiee ow todat.
HydeoSahcy waR a RbilaS doeS od dTvbnatboh caeebed
okt oh the edTe od a Rbieht gooi or bt SeahR od a STSSoS.
Daek iakeR ahd Sockt pooiR aec feeqkehtit Sefeeeed to bh
S1oSieR od wTtchceadt, cnd weee odteb aRRocbated with tluR
gea:bcc.
jhe ogeeatoS knelt ahd Tazed bnto the Rkedace doS a
cohRbdeSabie tbSe to coSgoRe hbR Sbhd doS the Sevela
tbohR that SbTht coSe to hTS dSoS the wateS.
jhe HbhduR abd ASabR uRe a lbttle bbkx pokSed bhto
the paiS ow the hand, oe bhto a Rhaiiow bowi Saeked
wbth cabaiTr c chcSaaeSR, doS thbR gkSpoRe.
A biack STSSoe waR ahothee SedbkS davokSed bt RoSe
adeptR foe geaiRbhT thiR doSS of dpvnatToh.
GeoShct waR a doeS of dTvTnatToh ThtTSayeit coh
he:cd with aeoioTt . xhe eaeiTept Sethod of geaiRinT
bt waR bt ca ip T gebbieR oh the Teokhd, feoS whTch coh
ettkSeR feSe doSSed, Such the RaSe aR dSoS chance
lipes ah oots oh papeS. jhe ASabR, hofevkS, t a
iatkS pSTod bRed the pSattbce oh the RkppoRed clfcCl
od Sotboh khdeS the cSuSt od the eaethx oSx what bR SoSe
peobabie, RkSdace cSackR oh the TSokhd cakRed bt the
heat od the Ruh. jhe TeoSahtTc iTkeeR obtained bt
1 47
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

ixz"(tixg yh( chanc( oix(z w(r( zu""dz(d yd r("r(z(n) a

c(rywix ziyuayidn df yh( elwrz, and yh( diNin(r yh(n Brd
c((d(d dx wetrdnduicao "rixciBo(z.
piyhdkanc( waz a u(yhdd df diNiixg b( uzing
"wryicu-wr Pdn(z Th(z( eldn(z, which ar( d(zcrib(d wz
" rdugh, hard, blwck wxd grwN(x (N(wh(r( wiyh N(inz
dr wrixkl(z," w(r( su""dz(d yd "dzz(zz (xyradrdixar(
"rd"(ryi(z and w(r( cdxzid(r(d )d b( cdxyrdl-(d b( a
g(xiuz dr faui-iae zBieiy. Ox "lacixg dx( cldz( Md Mh(
(((z, chwrwt(rz w(r( zu""dz(d Md b( r(ad dn iy.
Dwcy(ldkaxc waz a u(yhdd df diNining b( riIgz. A
"laix rixg de ciecl(y df gdld waz zuz"(xd(d b( a yhr(ad
dr hwir wiyhix a goazz (zz(o dr wiyhin r(ach df iy, axd b
yh( ixNdouxyar( ud(u(nyz df yh( hwnd iM wdu-d eteik(
yh( g-azz dnc( fdr " ((z " and )wic( fdr " xd." AIdyh(r
wnci(xy u(yhdd df diNixing wiyh a ring wwz yd hd-d
iy zuz"(Id(d dN(r a rdund yabl(, yh( (dg( df which waz
kark(d wiyh Mh( l(yy(rz df Mh( al"hwb(y. h(x )h(
ripg zSdz"(d dN(r c(ryain l(yy(rz, yh(( w(r( din(d
ydg(yh(r and zd fdru(d yh( axzw(r.
yrdkwIc( waz Mh( aey df diNixwyidI bx ir(. 1.
lakiIg ir( waz kwd( Md cdnzuu( yh( zacriic(. Th(
"r(zag( wwz cdnzid(r(d gddd wh(n iy waz Nidrduz and
yh( fu el quicksx cdnzuu(d, wh(n iy wwz cl(ar wyd troNg
wId a yrwIz"wr(Iy r(d, ndy dwrk iI cdldur, wnl h(n it did
ndy cracl(B If iy burny zil(ny-(, dr wz diiculy yd
-ighy, aId yh( wixd dielurb(d iy, dr iy wwz zldw Md cdn
zuk( yh( zwcriic(, yh( Br(zag( waz (Ni-.
n(zid(z yh( zwcriiciwl ir(, yh( wIci(n)z divix(d bx
dbz(rvixg yh( lwu(z df Mdrch(z, axd (v(I b( Mhrdwng
Bdwd(r(d "iych ixyd a ir( ; G i y caughy quickl(, yh( du(x
waz c Izid(r(d gddd. Th( lak( df w ydrch wwz gddd if
14m
 DIVINA TION

it formed one point, but bad f it was divided ; on the

contrary, three points were a better omen than one.
Sickness or death were foretold by the bending of the
lame, and disaSter by its sudden extintion.
Cheiromancy, or the method of foretelling from the
creases or lines on the palm of the hand, is of great
antiquity, and has been praa:ised throughout the ages to
the present time.
Scyphomancy, or divination by the cup, was another
method of discovering future events by releion. The
divining cup of Joseph shows that its use was known in
Egypt at a very early period, and moSt of the ancient
Persian sovereigns and other EaStern rulers kept a cup
for this purpose, which was highly valued. The ivining
cup was probably the primitive drinking cup, and when
libations were required it had to be illed to the brim,
and whenever a name was mentioned a small quantity of
the wine was poured on the groWld as a drink ofering.
Alelromancy was an ancient form of divination with
a cock. l white cock was placed in a circle drawn on
the ground, which was equally divided into as many
parts as there were letters in the alphabet. l grain of
wheat was then placed on every letter, beginning with lv
and after the diviner had repeated several incantations
the cock was placed within the circle, and it was observed
from what letters he pecked the grain. These when
placed together were said to reveal the name of the
person concerning whom inquiries had been made.
Oneiromancy was a method of divining by in
terpreting dreams. It was denounced by Pope Gregory
as a " deteStable pratice," but this did not prevent
the belief in it for forecaStng the future.
1 49
 THE MYSTERIS AND SECRETS 6I MAGIC

mrnauld d. vll.n.uD., who wrom. a worn on th. Fuk

.t in th. mhirm..nmh c.nmurb, ,iD.F a c.rtain cod. kb
which thoF. who praalF.d vt worn.d.
" Vho.Dcr dr.amm mham hiF hair waF thicn and c-r.
.ullb curl.d would Foon k.com. w.althb. I. anbmhvn,
waF wron, wimh mh. havr, .Dil waF k.ton.n.d. I t alFo
.or.Fhadow.d harm f a wr.amh waF wo6n compoF.d o.
low.rF mham w.r. not in F.aFon.J kth.r cod.F Fi,nim.d
mham mo dr.am o. mh. .b.F r.lam.d to chvldr.n ; mh. h.ad,
to a .amh.r ; mh. armFE mo kroth.rF ; mh. ...m, to F.rDantF ;
th. ri,ht handE to th. moth.rE to FonF and to ri.nds ;
mh. l..t handE to th. wi. and dau,hm.r. Anoth.r
m.mhod waF .ound.d on th. th.or mhatX hat.D.r waF
dr.amm o.E mh. animh.FvF or oppoFit. would happ.n in
lv..F LhuF mo dr.am o. a w.ddv, waF Faid mo pr.Fa,.
a .un.ral. mccordv, to manb old writ.rFE mh.r. waF
Fcarc.lb anb important .D.nt in th. Middl. m,.F whvch
waF nom announc.d ky a dr.am.
Lh. dab k..or. I.n6y II o. rnc. waF Irucn kb th.
klow o. a lanc. durv, a mournam.ntE Hath.rin. d.
11.dvci dr.amm that Fh. Faw m loF. on. o. hiF .b.F.
Lhr.. dabF k..or. h. ..ll kb th. tniV. of Jacu.F
Hlem.nmE I.nrb eIe dr.amm mham " h. Faw mh. robal
insi,nia Iain.d with klood and mrodd.n under .oom kb
monF and peopl. o. th. lowr ord.rFF"
I.nrb eV also, k..or. h. waF murdered kb pa ailac,
vm iF Faid, h.ard durin, th. ni,hf hiF wi.., viari. d.
\iediciE Fab mo h.rF.l. aF Fh. won., " r.amF arc kum
.aFlhoodF x J and, whn h. aFn.d her wham Fhe bad
dr.amm, Fh. r.pi.dE " Lham bou w.r. Iakk.d upon mh.
I.pF o. mh. lvtml. LouDr. x J c c Lhank od, vm vF kum a
dr.am,J r.join.d th. in,.
o
 "HAPTEF XV

THE MAGIC CRYSTAL-CRYSTAL GAZING

T
HE phatica of fohatallinT by lookinT into a
ralanT skrfaca phobably baTan by TaziT into tha
dapths of a silant laka oh pool. Mihhohs of hiThlh
polishad Satal laha aSplohad in China for th-s pkhposa
fhoS a vehy aahly pahiod, and tha Gheaks ksad bhonze
Sihhohs in ohtar to fohasaa into tha fktkha.
Tha ksa of a chhp1al ball or ptona caSa at a la0ar data
and was in Tanaral aSploySan0 abok0 0ha fiftaanth
cantkhy, lhan -t was baliavad that spihits cokld ba
-nvokad and bacoma visibla in tha ptona. Gahioks
Sathods ara dascr-bad in tha mankschipts on SaTic foh
e conjkhinT lith tha p1one," and tha cahamon-as that had
to ba pahfohSad bafoha so doinT.
jha hitkal is thks daschibad in a Sankschipt of tha
sitaanth cantkry " Fihpt hava a Tlass oh ptona, faih,
claan and soknd lithokt chack oh blamish and thok Skvt
hava Olivp oil to anoint tha ptonk withal, then ok upt
confass ouhself to od AlSiThty, haad soSa oot
p hayers ant PsalSs, and than consachata yokh book and
yokh ptona toTathah lith tha oil, and hokh inp1hkSants
nacassary for yokh lor.
" irvt say ona Patar Nop1ah, ona Ava Mahia, ona "haadx
then say DoSinks vobisckS Gpihitk, God of AbhaS,
God of Isaacx God of acob, God of Elias, God of Tobitx
God of Talsx God of Phophatsx God of Mahtyhs,
151
 MHE MYPTEISEP AND PETIEMP OF MAGIA
Gdd df Cdxfczzd'z, Gdd df :'S:xz, Gdd df all gddd
l:icrz whd het g:icx i:r)ucz )d etdxcz, wdddz axd hcrbz,
I ak ckbdldcxcd )h'dugh )hy grKa) axd kax:fdld
kc'c:cz, cdxzcc'a)c )hiz bdd axd efdxc."
kccdrdixg )d a la)c' dczc'i"tidx wr:))Kx by dxc
Pc)c' Dkar), M.A., df Ldxddx,
" dhc c'(efal etdxc ix wh:ch
cclcef:al "dwc'z haic i:z:blc
a""ca'axcc zhduld bc df a
rduxd gldbic fdrk, d' ball df
clca' axd zdlid glazz d' )h:cL
hdlldw df glazz; wi)h a li))lc
hdlc dx )hc )d" df liLc fd'k df
axy cdxcxicx) b:gxczz, axd )hc
zauc )d bc zc) ix a f'akc, axd
alzd )hc glazz )d bc kadc wi)h
a etalL d' zhaxL )hc'c)d and
d )d bc "u) ix a dcLc), wi)h
a fdd) d' "cdcefal )d etaxd
u"r:gh). Thc efdxc bc:ng
TnE TRUE st E ND POS.( oP
callcd a Dhdw D)dxc axd )hc

TU CRYSTAL, WHICJUIUST
BE s IN Pu Go.o."
glazz by )hc xakc df a glazz
(D;unua r ns.sc
'ccc")aclK.
" Fdr :nidcayidx fd' z":k:tual a""cakaxcc, )hcrc zhall
c:tack bc a wax caxdjK dx cach z:dc d' a lak" bcixd
burx:xg axd zc) dx a )ablc. dhc zigx df a""caraxcc
kdet zcckc)h liLc a ic:l d' cu')an d' zdkc bcau)iful
Zdlduk haxg:xg ix d' adu) )hc Sfdxc dr Sazz, az a
b':gh) cldud d' d)hc' "rc))( ixd df h(ckdSl("h.ical
zhdw, bd)h fraxgc axd ic'T dclightful )d bcadld.
" E:)hcr gddd dr bad axgclz ka( aB"ca' axd )hcy
w:ll bc Lxdwx by )hc:r a""ca'axccB
152
 MIlE aAGIC CRYPMAL-CRYPMAL GAZING
" Lh. ,ood cn,.'s cB. di,nii.d pow.Bs o. 'i,h-
and n ioun-.ncni. D.y .ciB, q.cuDi.u', cfck'., bou -h.u',
sKi'in,, amiable cnd usucl'b lcx.nish oB ,o'd io'ouB.d
haiB, wi-hou- cnb o. th. l.cI d..oBKitb .ith.B o. hcirb
n.ss in th. .ci. oB qodb oB cnb iBoon.d nos. oB i''
shap.d K.Kk.Bs. Lh.iB ,cBK.n-s oB v.IuB.s withou-
spo- oB k'.Kish cnd c'wcbs .mbBci. th. woBd m.BibF
" Wh.n thtb cpp.cB -h. ,cz.B KuI scy :
" ' W.'iom. to th. 'i,h- o. th. hl,h.I cnd w.'iom.
to th. m.ss.n,.Bs o. iDin.

,Bci. cnd K.Bi , unto u s
th. -ru. s.vcn-s cnd woB

ship tBs o. bc scm. od,
whos. ncK. b. ,'oBii.d
@
r

koth now cnd .oB .D.r

KoBe. mK.nk'
" Lh. ,cz.B th.n d.
mcnds : ' mB. b. -h. scK.
whoK w. hcD. KoD.d cnd
.
LACJ CDANyS SPADE AND CRYSTA
ic''.d .oB-h visi b'. cp (From n tS., XVI cetry.b
p.cBcni. now k..oB. us bb
th. ncm. or whct cB. b. cnd o. whc- oBd.B cmon,
th. k'.ss.d cn,.'s ? '
" I. it Kcn. no cnsw.B B.p.ct -h. woBdsF Then i t
wi'' show forth and -.'' its name cnd -ho shalt scb :
" ' I. bou k. cs bou scbi en -h. ncK. o. J .sus, sc
-hc- cll wiin.d cn,.'s cB. uI'b iond.Kn.d cnd kb -h.
m.Bib o. xod in -h. K.rits o. HhBiI Kcnnind .'c t
is -o k. scD.d.'
" Wh.B.upon i- wi'' B.-uBn c sc-is.cftoBb cnsw.B
cnd d.pcB-F
u I. unsc-is.cttory or f -h.B. b. sil.ni., -h.n Kc.
IB
 THE AfYSTERJES AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

humbl' /'qu'l: Io/ a(sw'/ to suc- )'si/'s a-) p/opoals,

as n a ce/tai- w/ii-. is co-tpi-') w-ic- ou.-t to be
i( /'a)i('ss wit- 1u.

" Faili(. th's'e t-'/' a/' -in' ./'at C'l'Stial Ke1s

o/ A-.'lical I(vocatio(s t-at coul) b' us') co/ calli(.
Io/t- to visibl' app'a/a(c' t-' .ov'/(i(. a(.'ls. Th's'
a/' oEJjAJJOk, RAZIEL, CASSIEL, SACHIEL,
SAv!AEL, v!bCjAEL, AkAEL, RApHAEL, AkD
GABRIELR"
b t was appa/'(tl1 som'tim's -'c'ssa/1 Io/ t-' ma.icia-
to comp'l a spi/it to s'ak, ah) to )o t-is it -a) to b'
t-us a))r'ss') :
" ' J-ou spi/it, t-ou nowe$t that Go) )ot- live +
C-/il: )ot- ov'/com' + C-/il: )oth ul' n H'av'-
a-) i( Ea/t-e n i/ and in ye at'/ and in al plac's.
B1 1' t/ut- oc Go)e b co-ju/' t-'' by t-' wil of Go).
I )o co-st/aih th'' by ye power and potency of ou/
o/)R I )o bi) a-) command tNee and by ll tNe Holy
-am's oI Go) . . . J'sus 1' Soh oc ye pirbin oa/yf
whic- s-all com' to ju).' bot- y' quick and 1' )'a)
a() ye wo/) oI fi/'. Am'(.
" ' I )o commit t-'' i-to ye -a-)s oI 1' i-I'/-al
spi/its LuciI'/, D'ucal'us, Sat-a(, to b' to/m'-t')
i- di/' a() b/im:o-', u-til t-ou -al: )o-' m1 wllu '
" J-en l't th' co-ju/'/ mak' a c/oss upo- t-' ./ou-)
wit- joly Oil, t-'( k(''l, kiss t-' c/osse /is' up, tak'
t-' swo/) i- -is /i.-t -p-), comma-) his I'llow w-ic-
s-all bea/ t-1 work to k(''l )ow( a-) la1 t-' bar'
swo/) upo- his h'a)Rn
n o/)'/ to bi() o/ cal:'- )ow( a spi/it w-o -a)
app'a/') i- th' l:o(' so tNat it cold not depart uhtil
lic'-s'), t-' co-ju/'/ -a) to say : " b bi() t-'' spirit
154
 THE MAGIC CRYSTAL-CRYSTAL GAZING

that art axxearkd n this lnk lf crytal, that nhlu dl

nlt islbey ry clrrandrknts but dl all ning slr
re that tl thy lick axxertaineth and rlrk nll. I
bind thkk nlt nl gl thy say srlr rk till I rklkask thkk.
Hkrk tl rerain unnil nhlu haSt fulillkd all ry clrrnd-

lR.2 USD FOR CRYSTL GAZING

. (FoO n US., XVI Mt J.)

rknts, flr I sill usk art tlsards thkk and nlthig but
art, and thlu sxirit thkxkflr hkxk Stand, I chargk thkk
in ts cryStal Stlnk."
The wxitkr clncludks sith " a gknkxal curse flr all
sxirits, blth slr yk Stlnk, glass lr circlk. This is tl bk
carrikd lut by raking a irk lf dry clw turds, brirStlnk
and schlikk Stinkng Stuf and wxiting thk sxirit's nark
155
 MHE aYPMEUEP A ND PEAIEMP OF aAGIA
on virgin parchment, burning it and saying the
urse.''
The professional conjurer with the cryal was known
as a " skryer " in the sixteenth century. Edward
Kelly, who was associated with Dr Dee in the time
of Queen Elizabeth, was one of the chief exponents of
the art, and the cryal globe said to have been employed
by Dee for calling up spirits is ill preserved in the
British v1useum.
 CHAPTER XVI

NE
HOW THE MAGIC C I RCLES AND PENTACLES WERE MADE

O
of the roo important parts of magical
ceremoial was the drawing of the magic circle
which formed the spiritual barrier, proteting
the magician rom evil and wicked spirits that he might
invoke. Without a magic circle traced for defence,
says a writer of the sixteenth century, " the invocation
to visible appearance of such fearful potencies as Amay
mon, Egyn and Beezebub would probably result in the
death of the exorciSt on the spot, such death presenting
the symptoms of one arising from epilepsy, apoplexy
or Strangulation. The circle once formed, let the
evocator guard carefuly againSt either passing o r
Stooping or leaning beyond i ts limits during the progress
of exorcism or before the licence to depart has been
given."
The magic circle can be traced back for a period o f
over ooo years and was probably employed at a much
earlier date. Its origin is unknown, but it has been
suggeSted that it arose from the ancient symbol of the
serpent with its tail in its mouth.
The Assyrian sorcerer sprinkled lime around him and
set seven little winged igures before the god, as de
scribed in the following early text :
" I have completed the usurtu (magic circle), with a
sprinking of ime I have surrounded them.
M 57
 THE MYSTEIS AND SECRETS OF MA GIC

" Tne lour of Nxsobo (tne corn soq), tne bon of tne
sreot soqs I nove set orounq tnemy
" At the neaq of those seven wxtn feorful winss have
I set o isure of Nersoty"
Tne oncient Hxnqu mosxcion moqe o cxrcte of yed
teoq or block pebbtes to worq of tne opproocn of qemons,
mq it wos cuftomorv to encxrcle tne beq of o womon
ot chilqbirtn wxtn block pebbtes foy tne some
purposey
Henrv founq troces in eorlv Hinqu masic of tne
qouble pentocte oy seol of Solomon, onq sussefteq tnot
tne pownts of tne or mov nove been intenqeq to pwerc.
or worq of invwsible foesy This is onlv conjeCture,
but tne use of tne pentocle snows o coqeion witn
Semitwc mosic.
Psettus oltuqes to Hecote's ciycte os " o sotqen spnere
encloswns o soppnxye in tne centre, turneq bv o tnons
of hult's nuqe onq novino cnoyocteys throusn tne wnole
of ity Conjuyotuons were mode by tuyins it."
Tne primitive circle useq by the mosicions in eol
times qevelopeq quyins tne Middle Ases onq ossumeq
o vorietv of forms occorqins to tne kinq of spirwts tnot
tne conjurer wxsneq to evokey
Tne cwrcte wos usuotlv morkeq or qrown witn tne
mosic sworq oy ife onq wos senerollv nine feet in
qiometer, but sometxmes wt wos moqe portobte bv bexns
qrown on uorcnment onq morkeq witn metot omulets
onq tolusmonsy
Tne blooq of qoves wos oft en eployed for ritino
tne nomes onq formut! on tne poycnment.
Tne power of tne circte os o bon oy " coftte," os wt wos
sometxmes cotleq, wos snown bv leoins o sote or openxns
t}8
 MAGIC CIRCLE
(Drawa by a Oacldn Ia hH XVI y.)

lj 9
 THE MYSTEIf AND SECIETS OF MAGSC
for egress, which the magician carefully closed by making
pentacles when he left it.
For important operations, a great Kabbali:ic circle
was marked out with the magical :one Ematille, or was
made with :rlps of skin of a sacrificed kid fixed by nails

MAGIC CI.C.Z
( Droly a maglci0 In llle XVI :eulury, aho.lug places lor tle luwi1Uoa os.)

to the ground . . It consi:ed of five circles, one within

the other, and a triangle in:ead of the pentagram.
\'hen drawn on parchment, the magic circle was
sometimes also used for a:rological calculations.
It was regarded as mo: important that, after the
operation had concluded, the magician should obliterate
the circle so that no trace of it should remain, a practice
x Go
 THE MAGST TSRTLES-MHE PENMATLES
w2V;2 survive) :rom the earl1 primitive maLV;al rit's.
Jh' licen;e to )epart was atso o: Lreat importan;eK as
i: omitte) it was belVeve) that th' )eath o: the ;onurer
miL2t resultg
eter )e AbanoK writin. " o: th' Cir;l' a-) its ;om
position m in the di:t'e-th ;entur1a sa1s " Jher' is
-ot o-e an) th' s'lf sam' ma--'r o: ;ir;les use) for
t2' ;allin. o: spVrits, but pla;'s, tim'sa a-) 2ours
are to b' obs'rv') a-) t2' ;ir;l' to be aLt're)
a;;or)V-Ll1.
" t b'hov't2 t2'r':or, a ma- to ;o-si)'r i- t2e masV-.
of 2is ;ir;l' i- w2at tim' o: t2' 1'ar, i- what 2our,
what spirits h' woul) ;all fort2 w2at tar an) r'Lio-
t2'y Lov'r- a-) what fu-.io-s t2'1 hav'R J2erefor
mak' t2re' ;ir;l'sa in brea)t2 -i-' f''t a-) wV;h
tan) )itant on' :rom t2e other a ha-)sbrea)thK an)
writ' i- th' mi))l' o: t2' dirt t2' -am' o: t2' 2our
i- w;h t2ou s2aLt make t21 worsg I- t2e s';o-)
pLa;ea the names o: t2' anLell o: t2' 2our ; thVr), t2e
s'al o: t2at a-Lell ; fourthK th' -am' o: t2' a-LelL t2at
.ov'r-'th t2at )ay a-) his mV-it'rs ; ifth, th' -am' o:
t2e pr'sent tim' ; sixt2, t2e -am's of th' spirits .ov'r-
i-. a-) rulin. in t2at part o: t2' tim' ; seventh, t2' -ame
o: t2e hea) o: t2' siLn' eiL2thK t2e -ame o: th' eart2
a;;or)inL to that prt o: time, a-) the -intha write the
-am's o: t2' su- an) moon a;;or)in. to the season o:
t2' time. I- t2e ouar) ;ir;lea i- t2e four ;or-ers,
t2' -ams o: t2e anLells LoverninL the air that oay tl
wVta the inL an) Jhree o: his mVnisters. \\'ithlt the
;ir;leK in the :our ;or-ersa pla;e penta.o-s. I- t2e
i-war) ;ir;le, writ' t2' :our )eume names pla;inL ;ross's
between th'mR In th' mi))l' of t2' ;ir;leK to wit th'
V61
 THE MYSTEUS AND SECRETS 6I MAGIC

Eaft, write Alpha, and at the Wt, Omega, and let a

cross divide the middle of the circle."

)AGIC J..Z D PETA.Es FO. Tm .YST.,

(From u W., XVI nty.)

The next important ceremony was the blessing nd

consecration of the circle, which, after it was perfe:ed,
I G.
 THE MAGIC CIRCLS-THE PENTACLES

waw wp6in\l.d wifh Iolb Waf.r, fh. ma,iiian r.p.afAn,

hh. fop'owhn, .ormu'a :
" Lprin\p. m., 0 ord, wifh hbwwop and I wha'l k.
il.anE Lhou wha'f wawh m. and I whall k. whif.r fhan
wnow."
Lh. p.nfac'. a'wo .odm.d a vedb imporfanf parf o.
fh. ma,ician'w .uipm.nf and on if fh. wci.nc. o. ma,ic
waw k.li.v.d fo d.p.ndF
Lh. ori,hn o. fh. mv.-iodn.r.d m,ur., and how if
iam. fo k. uw.d aw a wbmkol in ma,icR iw unnnown, kuf
if undoukf.dlb ,o.w kain fo a v.db .ar'y p.riod and
prok5kqb k.for. fh. fim. o. Lo'omon to whom ih iw
,ener5ptb attributed. 0n t he ear'b manuscripts it iw
variouw'b ca''.d a p.nfa,ram, p.nfan,'.R p.nfa'pha o r
p.nfa,on o . Euc'idF
If iw .orm.d kb fwo inf.rlai.d frian,l.wE and can k.
drawn wifhouf a kr.an in fh. drawhn,F Moxon d.fin.w
if aw, " a ,.om.frical i,ur. havin, an,'.w uw.d aw a
wymko' in ma,iiEJ
I f haw k..n .ound .n,rav.d on ruidii r.mainw and
alwo on wom. anii.nf xWon.w in Indiat A wrif.r in a
manuwiripf o. fh. fhirf..nfh i.nfurb alqud.w fo if aw
" fh. p.nfan,.' o. pur. ,old, fhe wi,n fhaf Lo'omon
w.f.J
If .odm.d an inf.,ral parf o. fh. ma,ii iiril., aw w.ll
aw padf o. fh. v.nWm.nf o. fh. ma,iiian, and ifw pow.r
conwit.d nof onlb in fh. dAa,ram ifw.l., kuf in fh. char
aaerw drawn upon if Lhuw G,rippa okw.rv.w, " Lhe
p.nfail.w conwinW o. fh. iharat.dw and nam.w o. fh. ,ood
wpirifw o. fh. wup.rior ord.r, pr.w.rvin, uw .rom .vil
.v.nfw and h.'pin, uw fo kind and exf.rminaf. fh. .vip
wpirifw, and 6.conii'in, fh. ,ood on.w fo uw.J
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

ehey were IoMeJbMeI drTwn on pTrKhMenJ or pTpe:

Tnd Tixed Jo Jhe MTLbKbTn'I veStMenJ, or drTwn on Jhe
robe bJIelf, wbJh Jhe bdeT of pnotetbnL Jhe weTrer fro:
Jhe TJJTKkI or bnluenKe of devblI or obnoxbouI Ipbrbs
JhTJ cLhJ TppeTr.
ehere Tre vTrbouI dbretbonI Lbven in Jhe eTrly Manu
IKripJI on MTLbK aI Jo how Jhe penJaKleI Tre Jo e
MTde, Tnd Jhe followbnL MTe be JTken TI an exTMple :
" ehee Mu be Made upon a WedneIdTyr Jhe day of

A )ACIC CIRCI,i D PZ,TAC.E TO DS WOR, WlE, USING IT

(PS 11 MS., XVI cePtuy.)

vierKury, TJ Jhe inKneTIe of the vfoon. After cakinL

T fuMiLTtbon in T IeKret chamber and sprinkling bJ with
wTter, hTve your vbrLin pTper Tnd beLbn Jo wrbJe a
penJTKle of noble Kolour followbnL the pen Tnd bnk.
Wet JheM be wrbJ Tnd other thbnLo to be exorKized.
ehen JTke IoMe noble KloJh of Iblk, whenebn ee cTe hold
Jhe penJTKle Tnd hTve Jhere T LreTJ eTrJhen poJ fulf of
KoTlI, Tnd leJ Jhere be MTStbK Tnd AloeI wood, Tnd leJ
Jhe Konjurer be KleTnr TI bJ bo Meet, Tnd prepTre ubKe
t 64
A AGlC ClRC..E ND PENTACLE " FOR ALL EXPERIMETS "
(From D MS., XVI Dluy.)
 THE MYSTEIf AND SECRETS 6I MAGIC

of pimpernel! and the blood of a goose made nd com

plete on a Wednesday. Let w masses be sung with
gospels, and fumigate it, saying the Psalms and the
Oration. After saying this for w days, and 3 masses of
the Holy Ghot, and one of our Lady, put the signs in
a silk cloth with goodly savours, and put them in a
clean place untl it is need ye may work the Arts MagicaL"
The virtues of the pentacles were said to be " remark
able againt the drining of poisons, being invincible n
battle, and n the defence of the body and the soul."

1 66
 CAPTER XVII

N
PERFUMES USED IN MAGIC

L
moSt of the ceremonies cone:ed whh the
pratice of the magical arts, pefumes or fumiga
tions played an imGortant Gart, n they aGGear
to have been employed in mystic rites from the earliest
times of which we have record.
Their use probably originated in the same idea as
that of incense, viz. to give pleasure to the deity in order
that an appeal might be more favourably received, but,
as magic developed, it will be seen that the perfume
or fumigation served other purposes.
A pleasing and fragrant odour was favourable to
the angels nd good spirits, while an evil one was used
to drive the wicked spirits away. The same idea is
conunon among barbaric races to-day, and to drive of
a demon, the burning of substnces that give of a re
pulsive smell is commoly resorted to.
In mm g icml formul:, certain fumigations were credited
with the power of raising and causing spirits to appear,
and to lay and bind them. As will be shown later,
many of the substances employed possessed narcotic
properties, and when burnt in a confined space and
inhaled would doubtless produce somnolence, and
sometimes hallucinations. The magicians were well
aware of their effects, as one writes, " There are some
16 7
 JHE MYSJEOIEP AND SECOEMS OF MAGIC
peLfumes oL sufumibations anM untkons which make
men speak fn thefL sleep, walk, anM Mo those thfnbs
that aLe Mone by men that aLe awake, anM often what,
when awake, they cannot Mo oL MaLe Mo. OtheLs abafn
make men heaL hoLrfM oL Melibhtrul sounMs, noises anM
the lfke."
In a manuscLipt on mabic of the siteenth centuy,
the wLiteL Lelates a cuLfous tLaMition of how the knowv
ledbe of heLbs came to be hanMeM down. He ates
that, " hbel the son of hdam maMe a book of all the
viLtues anM pLopeLtkes of plants, which knowinb that
the woLlM should peLish thLoubh the beneLal looM,
encloseM ft so cunninbly in a one that the wateLs coulM
not come to coLupt it, wheLeby it mibht be pLeseLveM
anM known foL all people. This one was found by
HeLmes TLismebius, who bLeakfnb ft, and inMfnb
the book theLein, pLoited wonMeLfully by applyfnb the
contents to hfs use, which book afteLwaLMs came to the
hand of St Thomas."
hn examination of manuscLipts on mabfc wLitten
in the isteenth anM sixteenth centuLkes thLows an
fnteLeinb libht not only on the subances useM foL
fu mibatfons but also on the Leasons soL which they
weLe employeM.
" Of peLfumes," says a writeL or the sixteenth cen
tuLy : " h peLfume made of hempseede and of the seeds
of leawoLt, violett Loots, anM paLsley (smallabex maketh
to see thinbs to come and fs aaflable foL prophesie.
h peLfume made wfth coLfandeL, saffLon, henbane and
paLsley (smallabex and white poppfe all bLufsed and
poundeM tobetheL. If any shall Mib bold oL sflveL oL
any pLecfous thinb, the moon befnb joyneM to the sun
16m
 PERFUMES UPED IT MAGIT
qo hhe !ower hetveo, leh hRl perfule hhe p!tce wqhh
h.is sufuliuttSoo.j
Certtqo perfumes were ieiqcthei to the p!toets
sxecqictllu, or were somehqmes offerei to hhe who!e
cooSte!!ttqoos- Thus t )eoert! perfule for hhe p!toehs
wts colposei of " murrhv coEus, mtShqcH ctlphor,
frto8ioceose, stoiers stoit!wooi, opopootxv t!oes
wooiH tstl euphorrqul, Stort toi thule of etch I
ouoce, lhxei houether-"
" For hhe Sun, uel!ow tlrer t oz., lusk I c urtqosH
t!oes wooi 3 6 ursios. !qquqi balsam aoi the berries
of !swre!l of etch 3U uDtqos, of uq!!hflowcrsH luDh toi
frto8ioceose of etch I oz.H wqth the r!ooi of t whqte
cock ltke pq!!s qo the qutohqhu of ht!f t irtchl-
" Perfules for the Mooo. Ttke whihe poppqe
seeis I oz., frtoioceose oz.H ctlphor I oz-,
wihh the r!ooi of t uoose mtke ioto rtl!s.
" A!so lirt!e or t!oesv ue irSt of hhese htve tppoqotei
to everu p!tce qs tccoiqou to Herles TrqslcuRus
who stuehh theu tre very powerfu!-
" A perfule for Stturo. Tt8e seeis of r!tck poppies
toi the seeis of huoscutlus heortoe) of etch . ozs.
ooh of ltoirtuort 1 oz., the Eooe vtpqs !tzu!q i oz. ,
myrrh 3 urtios, lqxei wqth hhe rrtios o r r!ooi of
a ttt to rtltnce the quantity of I o .

" A!so pepperworh, o!qrtoul, uul Artrqck or

stoitrtch ltu re elp!ouei-
" A perfule for upSter. Tt8e seeis of tsc . ozs.,
t!oes wooi p ozs ., shortx, reoutio of etch 1 oz.i
!tpqs !tzuvi I oz. Of the veru hSpps of tpe feahpers
of hhe petcock, !eh these re qocorxorttei wqtc hhe r!ood
of t shork or of t swt!!ow or hhe rrtSo of t htrh- Let
1
 THE viYSTERJES AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

tNese be maMe in trocNisk (lezenbes) in tNe untit of

a breat.
" A perfume for Mars. Take eupNorbium, bMeium
ef eacN I oz., .aunonick roots, ef botN sorts of delli
borex leMe Stone . MracNmsx brimtone 1 MracNm. Lett
tNem be incorporateM witN tNe brain ef a catt. Make
trochiskis (lozenbes) of 1 MracNm.
" A perfume for penus. Take musk 1 8 brains, amber
9 brains, aloes wooM I ezy, reM roses . ozs., reM cerral
. ozs. Minble tjem witN tNe brain of a sparrow anM
the blooM of a Move. Make trecNisk (loenbes) in
quantitie Nalf a MracNm.
" A perfume fer Mercury. Take maicj 1 oz.,
frankincense z ozs., billilowers . ozs. Incorporate
witN tNe brain of a fo or weasel and itN tNe bloeM
of a mabpie. Make trochisk (lozenbes) in uantitie
Nalf a MracNm."
TNere were also combfnations of perfumes for eacN
May of tNe week. TNus for SaturMay, " All booM thinbs
and well-smellinb roets as coStus anM Nerb tjuris.
" mer Sunday, mafucN, musk, anM sucNlike bums of
beeM eMour as benjamin, Storax, labManum, amber, anM
ammeruacum.
" mer vlenday, leaves ef myrtle and laurel and leaves
ef beed edeur and sweet lewers.
" mer TuesMay, sandal, reM, white and black, and all
sweet weods as alees weed, cyprus, balsam and suchlike.
" mer WeMnesMay, tNe rinMs of al sweet wooMs as
cinnamon, cassia, laurel bark, mace anM al sweet seeds.
" mor TjursMay, all sweet fruits as nutmebs, cloves, tje
rinMs of eranbes anM citrons, MrieM anM powMereM, witj
sucNlike ef beoM oMour.
1 W0
 PERFUMES USED IN MAGIC

" For Friday, uosesw violets ond oll otheu fruits of

flowers of good odouu, os propus ond suphlike.
" Hermes soid, thot timiamote of the moon is pin
nomon, oloes wood and moStiph while puopusw po:us,
mope ond myrtle eoph planet hoth o port xn xt."
The writer goes on to Stote, thotw '' Solomon mokes
irunalon upon the doys ond plonets of the spxpes wiph
o mon ought to moke thiiomote, and soxthw thot
Soturn xs eoph good uoot in good ond evil, of Jupiteu
ol fuuxts of good and eoph uind of some, eoph loweu
ond odorifeuous heub, of the Moon eoph leof and beuuy,
ond pordomoms wos put wxth these thngs.
There is no such fumigation to call spirits as amber,
cc

oloes woodw postus, muskw puopus and blood of o lop

wing."
A morvellous efipopious fumigotionw " to pouse o mon
to see visxons n the axu ond elsewheue, wos mode wxth
pouiondeu ond henbone, nd the skin thot is wxthin the
poundgornet pomegronote) nd the fumigotion mode
xs inished os you desxre."
Anotheu to pouse visions of the eouth to oppeor :
" Toke root of pone ueed ond the root of fennell, wxth
the skin of the pomegronote, henbone and ued soundeus,
and blopk poppy."
" Appording to Hermes," soys another wuiterw " there
xs nothing ike unto Sperm-o-peti to roxse spiuits suddenly,
being pompounded of sperm oilw oloes woodw pepper
woutw musk, soffuonw red Storax mxxed with blood of o
lopwing. If xt be fumigoted obout tombs ond groes of
ye deod xt pouseth spirits ond ghoSts together."
Theue were pertoin herbs ond subStonpes polled " the
herbs of the spirits," whiph inpluded " pouionder, sorpel-
171
 MHE MYPMEISEP AND PEAIEMP OF MAGIA
laMeo hedbSdeo SdA heml-co mSAe ug e;th heeet MWmho
Sh -f n-rSx -r bed -;d -r frSd;Bcedhe Sdi myrrh, SdA
thehe Sre cSlheA ' herbh -f hg;r;tho' becSuhe they cSuhe
them t- c-me prehedtly t-Mether.q
qther f-rmgl: eh;ch Sre ha;A t- hSve beed tSted fr-m
Sd Sdc;edt mSduhcr;gt Sre Sh f-lh-eh :
w TSte mSSt;cto hSdAerh (reA) SdA -f mWnhSlSperSte
SdA Smber Sll mxxeA t-Methero SdA fuiMSteA qg;ctlyo
u;ctyy br;dMh them ;d gySce.
" xdxhe SdA cSmpire ;xeA (;t -h Sd herb -f chSruty)
cSghe t- hee hecret thidMh yc chegc hpir;th. FmMSte with
cSrdSm-mh SdA eSt there-f. Et cSuheth MlSAdehh Sdd
MStherh hg;r;th t-Mether. Artemeh;S (e-rde--A) eich
;d thehe th;dMh -h cSlleA S ' Cr-ed f-r S y;dMo' f-r ;th
v;rtue SdA g-eero gut ;d Sll -ther fgxMSt;-dh.q
The eSy t- hee hg;r;th ;d S metSl d;rr-r ;h thuh
Aehcr;beA p
"TSte cSdSb;h v;z. hemg, SdA Srtemeh;S SdA nSdA
thee before S ncelc lahhc SdA ye hhShl be Sle thr-uh
-A'h helg t- hee SdA b;dA SdA l--he hgxr;th, bgt ;f y e
Sd-ydt y e MlShhe e;th :g;ce -f Srtemeh;S ;t ;h better.
" A neeye MlShhe eelh g-yihheA SBA mg be Sd-ydted
e;th the :g;ce."
w T- cSuhe SppSr;t;-dh t- be vxhxble t- yc h;Mhto y-u
muSt take, S r t c m cs pa , hemp, l , cardSm-ms, Sdpse,
cSmhpreo c-rxSdAero hygerLc-do Sy-eh e--A, SgpS
m-rteM-d ech;c-ry).,
qf the hgbnSdceh -f Sdpmal -r;g;d Whed f-r thih gur
p-heo the f-yy-e;dM Sre medtx-deA : " Y e lSgenMo ye
hSyh-ute, ye li-d'h MShyo ye bWly'h ga. FSt -f S ehite
hed, ye eyeh -f S blSct cSt SdA Sdteh eMMh. qf ihho y e
bSledS, SdA cncer ecrSb). qf Sr-mStLcs, muhto Smer
17 .
 PERFUMS USED IN MAGIC

grise, myrrh, frankincense, red Storax, maStick, olibanum,

bdellium, red sanders, safron, benzoin and labdanum.,
" To have friendship or wouldSt have of a prince of
Spirits of ye ayre ; take juice of hypericon, saffron,
artemesia and root of valerian and of these make a fumi
gation. To make spirits glory i n themselves, take of
ye powder of withy coales mixed with oil of nard and
light it with a candle.
" To see future events, fumigate yourself with linseed
and seed of psellium, or wlth violet roots and wild
parsley. ' '
To drive away evil spirits or devils, it was neces
sary to make a noxious fumigation with sulphur, black
myrrh, red sandal, putrid apples, vinegar, wine galls,
and arsenic mixed with dregs of wine, or a mixture
of calamus, peony, nt and palma chriSti.
Before the perfumes or fumigations were used, the
following benediaion was to be said over them :
' 0 God of Abraham, God of Isaac, God of Jacob,
cc

bless here the creatures of these inds, that they may fill
up the power and virtue of their odours, so that neither
enemy nor any false imagination may be able to enter
into them through our Lord, Jesus Chri:. Amen.'
Then let them be sprinkled with Holy \V'ater.
The ire
which we usc n fumigations, let it be put in a new
copper, iron or earthen vessel, and exorcize it as follows :
' I exorcize thee 0 thou Creator of ire, by him by whom
all things are made, that it shall not be able to do hurt
to anything, but bless 0 Lord this creature of fire and
santify it.' "
There were certain perfumes or fumigations associated
with the Seven Angels, and the subStances employed
1 6
 THE MYSTEIES AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

iY MakiYL these consiSted of nuJMeLg aloes wood,

MaStick, saffroY, cinnaMoYh MZrJle, Mhxed wiJh rose
waJerg clovesg olibaYuMk fOaYkiYceYse aYd MZrrh, aMber,
bdelliuM, red Storax (called StZOax), aYd a lhJJle aMbwrLOis
aYd Musk. " All these made into a bodZ wi hh Jhe said
LuMsh of which make little balls of the biLYess of peas
aYd caSt iYJo a cleaO charcoale ire, seJ iY a new eaOJheY
p o t h iY Ze Middle of a room."
AMoYL Jhe dOuLs employed iY Jhese fuiLaions JheOe
aOe aJ leaSt ive powerful narcotics the fuMes of which f
iYhaled would afea those in their v iciniJZ. Cannabis
IYdica produces StranLe hallucinaJioYs, aYd Jhe elfetls
of oViuM froM Jhe VoVVies, heYbaYes hellebore :md
MndOake (which was employed by the GOeeks as an
a ::Sthe JN c) , no doubt conuibuted Jo the beief in the
vi s N bili tZ of sViOiJual beings iYvoked bZ Jhe maLician .
Certain herbs had to be gathered with great ceremony ;
thus the magic herb valerian to be efe:ual had to be
approached with the following soleMY ri tes
" FiOSt neel down on both your nees, your face to
:

Jhe EaStg aYd Make a cross oveO the heOb, aYd saZh
' IY Jhe Yame of the FaJheOs and of Jhe SoY, aYd of
Jhe Holy GhoSt. AMeY.'
" TheY saZ a PaJeO NoSterk Ave viaria aYd COewd, also
SJ PohY's Lospel. This MuSt be doYe secOetlZh aloYe oY
Jhe FridaZ oO bhuOsdaZk the MooY behYL aJ Jhe full and
b efo Oe Zou Fp eak a word to -any crea Ju r e . Also Zou MuSt
say before Zou Jake hhM out of Jhe g Oound, ' I coYjure
Jhee herb JhaJ are called valeOiaY, for Jhou adt wor JhZ foO
all JhiYLs hY Jhe woOld. IY VleasaYceg n CourJ before
KiYs, Rulers, aYd JudLes Jhou MakeSt frieYdshhV
so LreaJ JhaJ JheZ JhaJ baOe Jhee his will, foO Jhou doeJ
1 74
 PEIFUMS UPED IN MAGIT
,roMt mvrccloF. Lho ,hESWF E. Ioll cE kEw tE thoo
cnc Ek.b th... Er whEFEoD.r hcth tho., whctFEoD.r h.
d.Fvrobh, ho Fhcpp hcDo n th. ncKo E. th. cthor, E.
th. LEn cnc E. tho IElb xhESt. jK.n.'
" oop vt d.cno n c avro ilEth.J
Lho iorsKEnb vF thuF doFirik.c kb cnEth.r wrvter :
" xE tE th. plcc. wh.r. it ,rEwF En tho znc ccb E.
Mcb cnc nn..l dEn ko.Er. tho Fhruk cnd Fcb c Pctor
NESt.r cnd n Av. McricR th.n dv~ with cn intruK.nt
thct hcF nE irEn ckEut i t until th. bEEtF cpp.cr, th.n lot
it i. untvl tEKErrE cnd tho rt thn~ n th. KErnvn~
Fcb th. prcbor.
" Uh.n tcno th. Fhbuk Eut E. th. ~rEund cnd wcFh it
cl.cn in EKcn'F miln nd wrcp it n c n.w inon ilEthX
cnd F.t it upEn tho cltcr cnd Fcb KcFFoF F uklvm. tE tho
Bl.FF.d Vvr,vnR cnd noop it cl.cnlb fEr it iF E. ,r.ct
3cluo.J
 HHmPUEp XVIII
MAGICAL NUMBERS

HE k.li.f hhat c.rhaiE Eumk.rF pEFF.FF.d Ka,viap

T prEp.rhi.F haF p.6Fint.d rom .arlb tiK.FE Uh.
Kbnticap EuKk.6 4X Fo f6.u.Ehlb m.EhioE.d n hh.
Opd U.ntaK.nh iE coEE.xioE wihh J.wiFh y.6.moEialE
iF ntip p r.hain.d, aEd hh. Fup.rntihioEF coEE.:.d wihh hh
EuKk.r 9 3 ar. k.li.D.d kb Fom. p.Epp. af hh. p6.F.Ef dabE
" A wEnd.rfupl .icaciEuF Di6fu. li.F iE y.6haiE Eum
k.rF," FabF a wrih.r Ef hh. Fixh..Ehh y.EhurbF " Uh. Eum
b.r 7 wErnF wEnd.rful hhin,F, hhuF fh. 4hh Fon yn h.al.
distlKp.rF and coul fEr.F.. iEho hh. fuhu6.EJ
Pbhha,oraF pr.f.rr.d Eumk.6 4 aF fh. roof aEd
foundatioN of all oth.r nuK.rF. " ; anlpF ov.rn hh.
cardinap pEiEhF of h.aD.n, Diz. : Micha.p, papha.l,
xakri.p aEd riElE Uh.r. ar. alFE ; .l.K.nhF, mi6,
parhh, Fir. aEd ah.r, and hh. 4 F.aFoEF, SpriE,,
SuKK.r, juhuKn and inh.ruJ
" uKb.r 5 haF r.at forc. in HEpb hhin,F. Ih driD.F
Euh kad d.monF and lp.pF poiFEnFu Uh.r. ar. th. U
F.nF.F, Dizt : Uashin,, H.ariE,, S..in,X UEuchin, aEd
SK.pqin,.
" N umb.r 7 iF full of Kaentb. J Thl PbhhaorianF
capp.d it hh. D.hip. of huKan qif.E " It is enerated
in r.pi,ion and iF call.d th. nuKk.6 of kl.FF.n.FF and
r.nt. UhuF hh.r. ar. 7 d-bF, 4 ppan.hF, 4 copourF and 4
mlhalF, and hh. 4 a .F Ef Kanu Ih iF capp.d hh. nuKk.r
46
 MAGSTAL NUMBEIS
of pn optn bu tne Hebrpws pnq so Abrpnpt wnen np
madp p lppsup witn Abumwlpzn pppointpq 7 ewe lptbs.
" In tnp wnolp context of nutbprs 6 us tne toSt
perfpt nutbpr un npturp. In 6 qpus tne world wps tpdp,
pnd ut is cpllpq tne nutbpr of tpn bpcpuse on tnp sitn
dpu np wps crpptpqy In tne lpw it wps orqpineq 6 qpus to
work, 6 dps to sptner tpnnp, 6 upprs to sow tne pprtny
A cnprub nad 6 wunss, tnpre prp 6 cirzlps un tnp irtatpnt,
vi. : tne Ar:uz, tne Antpric, two Tropizpl, tne Evui
nocHpl, pnd Errliptizky
" N mbpr 8 is cplleq tne nutber of JuStize pnq of
spfetyy
" Nutber 9 wps spcreq to tne Muses. On tne 9tn
nour Cnrit expirpd pnq pfter 9 qpus tnp pnzients burupd
tnpir dppq.
" N utber 10, p dpzpdp. It wps tne cuStot witn tne
Esuptupns wnoevpr wps wnwtipted v tne spzreq tuStprips
of Isis tuSt fpSt for ten qpus.
" Tnis nutber ws a unitu.
" Nutbpr u . us p Dwvune nutber wnerpin nppvpnlu
tninss pre tepsureqy Tnerp prp 1 . susns of tnp Zodipc,
: . tontns in tnp uppr, I . orqers of spirits, 1 . tribps of
Isrppl, 1 . propnpts, 1 . ApoStles, 1 . Stonps in Apron's
brppStplptp pnq 1 . prinzippl tptbprs of tpn's bodu.
" Tnp pncipnts rxvprxq nutbpr 40 pnd neld it in
srxpt vpnprptuon.
" For 40 dpus lpSted tnp Dplugp, 40 dpus tne children
of Isrlel livxd in tnx dxsxrt, lfter 40 wxxks Christ a
brrn, 4t dly s frot tnp nativitu beforp np wps ofereu in
tnp Tptplp, for 40 tontns ne prppznpd publiclu, fo r 40
nours np lpu un tnp sppulcnrp and fs rtu dpus pftpr his
rcsurrpl:ion nx pscxndxd ino nxpvpn.
:77
 MHE MYSMERSES AND SEAREMP OF MAGST
" This," concludes the sage, " was the beginning of the
wonders of .numbers."
Another early writer gives the following symbolism
and lore connecred with magical numbers :
" No . 1 is regarded as the father of numbers and
signiies harmony. It is a fortunate and prosperous
number.
" No. . is the number of intellea and the mother of
numbers. It is generally held to be an evil number
bringing trouble and unhappness. It has been n evil
number to ngs.
" No. 3 is a holy number, the number of the Trinity.
It signiies plenty, fruitfulness and exertion.
" No. ; was the sacred number of the Pythagoreans and
over it they swore their moSt solen oaths. It is the
square number, and in aStrology the square was evil. It
is the number of endurance, immutabity, irmness of
purpose and wll.
" No . 5 was a _ peiar and a magical number used
by the ancient Greeks and Romans as n amulet to
protea the wearer rom evil spirits. The pentacle, with
its five points, was regarded as a powerful talismn of
prote.ion and health. n India it is the emblem of Siva
and Brahma. It is the symbol and number of re,
j uStice and faith.
" No. 6 was regarded as the perfeaion of numbers. It
was sacred to Venus and regarded as the ideal number
of love. To some it signiies trouble and Strife, en
tanglement and uncertainties n marriage.
" No. 7 is the sacred number and in religion was highly
eSteemed by the ancients. It is the number of Royalty,
triumph, fame and honour.
178
 MAGSTAL UMBES
" No. 8 was regarded as a great power by the ankient
Greeksx who held that ' all thngs are eight.' Pythagos
kaled it the number of suruke and fullness. It is a
number of attraa.ion and also repulsionx of life and terors
and all inds of rife and menake.
" No. 9 was the krooked number of the Pythagoreans
and is connected with intellectual and spiritual know
ledge. Numbers 9 and W are pekuliar to the ltves of men.
Nine is a number of wisdom, myery, rulersip and
protelon.
" No. tr is a holy and diviqe number and is the number
of arma in the philosophy of India.
" No. I I is a number of evil reputation anu signiicJ
violenke and power.
" No. 1 . was eeemed as he number of grake and
perfeaion. It is the number of time, experienke and
nowledge.
" No. 1 3 is a number of change and sometimes mis
fortune. It signiies death and defuuron. In love
it is not evil, and is a number of harmonyu It was ak
kounted a sakred number by the ankient Meikans. The
Romans konsidered it unlukky and an evil omen for
thirteen to sit down in a room togetherx whikh probably
akkounts for its evil repute, and the Hindus have the
same tradi tion.
" No. 14 is a number of ignoranke and forgetfulqess,
trials and dangers.
" No . 1 5 was generally regarded as evil in magtk, and
was assokiated with the witkh's sabbath whikh was
ometimes held on the I 5 th day of a month.
'' No. V 6 is assokiated with weakness, akkidents, defeat
and danger.
1 79
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECRETS OF MA GIC

" Ao. 1 7 is a )ooi nulrpr. In ancipnh I()xh ih

was consiiprpi unho!(. Ih s(lro!izps illorhalih( ani
inhuihion. .
" Ao. 1 h is a rai nulrpr, si)nii(in) hrpachpr ani
ipcpxhion.
" No. :9 is a )ooi nulrpr ani was consiiprpi onp of
haxxinpss, ooi forhunp ani succpss-
" Ao. 20 is a )ooi nulrpr, ani si)ips !ifp ani )ooi
ilxu!sps-
" Ao. 2 1 is a )ooi nulrpr ani is associahpi wihh
truhh, honour. p!pvahion ani succpss.
" Ao. 2. is a nulrpr of prror ani fol!( ani ca oh rp
hruEpi.
" Ao. 13 is a favourar!p nulrpr ani mpans succpss ani
g am .
.

" Aos. 16 ani 2h arp associatpi wihh pvil, iisaEpr,

)rppi ani E ))!p in !qfp.
" Ao. 3 7 is a )ooi nulrpr ani xorhpnis )ooi fortunp
ani succpss.
" Ao. ;3 is a vpy unluck nulrpr. ani is associahpi
wihh ipahh fai!urp ani ipErucion.
" Ao. 6 was hhp ho!( nulrpr of Aiona(, ani was )ooi
in a!l hhin)s. P(hha)oras hp!i hhah nulrprs wprp hhp
xriocSxlps of a!! tQRn)s, ani oii nulrprs wprp accounhpi
by hQe tncipnhs lorp fort nahe hQ5n pvn onps, as hhp(
associahpi hhp oii wihh hhpr ure5hpr ani loDp powprful
)ois."

1 hr
 CHAPTER XIX

AGICAL
MAGICAL TALISMANS

M
twihuwxh, uhuwlOy cdxhc.xg dj cc'ywcx
s(kbdls d' chw'wtc's ix iw'cdus cdebcxwyidxs,
w'cytcx dx pw'c ncxy d' cxg'wicV dx kcywOR wc'c
cw''ccV wxV wd'x )d p'cicxy thc dwxc' j'du Vwxgc' wxV
yhc wy)wcs dj ciil s"c'cys
kccd'Vix- yd w ewxusc'c"y dx figu'cs df gcdkanc(
w'cytcx ix yhc scx)ccxth ccx)uy, thc tcx xwucs dj yhc
Vccyy wc'c 'cgw'VcV wh ,ccxg hpcccwly pdycxy wxV cfcc
)cic jd' yhih "u'pdsc.
" dhc ywlihuwxR cwllcV cx Hcb'cw w hcuychcdx, d' hhiclV
cx ChwlVcn, hcgxjicV w igu'c d' ikwgc w'iyycx d' V'wwx
dx w "cccc dj "wpc' d' pw'chucx) ew'cV wiyh cc'ywix
chw'wctc'h V'wwx j'dk )hc Tcy'wg'wekwydx, ewVc uxVcr
cc'ywcx cdxPclOw)jdxh dhcy w'c w ,uclc' d' shiclV df
Vcjcxcc wgwixP Viscwhc, ocghyxixgh wxV yck"cPh."
he hwkc w'cyc' Pwycs, " Thc k'wb, Hwl( hdVdwk,
hwV yhc imwgc df w scd'"cdx cxg'wicV dx w bc dw' tdxe,
b( which hc cu'cV yhdhc biyycx b( icxdkdus bcwtsm
A"dlldxius b( uwixg w ywOiskwx dj w td', "t
yhdsc )'dublcsduc brVs j'du CdxPwxyixd"lc, wxV b(
wxdthe' hc V'dic wwwy w1l yhc gxwys duy dj kxtidchm "
" dwlchewxsi kwVc uxVc' yhc hcgx dj rchcch, wc'c
"OwccV cx yhc p'dw dj yhcc' hhc"h b( yhc ca'l( Lwycxs,
yd "'ese'ic yhcu j'du shipw'cckh wxV yckpePh, wxV
thc G'ccks scy u" yhc swkc. dhcsc igu'cs wc'c xdy ix
u81
 MHE MYSMEUS AND SECREMS OF MA GSC
-ly hur-n foqr but of sore celeStsal iguqe. : -qineqs
-lso h-\ Statues of so)e \eetees, -s of M-qs, Apollo
or vlcrcury , lpich ]hey pl-ce\ on the poop oq hil\eq
p-qts of theiq shsps.
" The cuStor of r-qineqs setting up these iguqes is
veqy -ncien -g-in shipwrec(. The ship of Ulex-n\qi-
th-t P-ul saile\ n, h-\ the ir-ges of C-]or -n\ Polux
oq, -ccording to the q-bsT the Gerini, nd th-t which
c-qqie\ ippocq-tesT when he too( his ouqneu to Ab\eq-

I 2 3
.lACl, S.S TO B$ USED AS T.lSNS AGANST !tTAlN
DlSASS
I.For lDS I. the hd.
s. Amt iU ud atanhs.
S Aplnst tumbliDI of tHe hzt.
" e tHese 1115oa a lead pate wih lt brA of a bo1. "
(Prom u 1., XV lllJ, lu he Blu ibrary.)

foq the During of erocritusT b-re the jwgure of the

Sun."
Ull these t-lisr-ns weqe not so ruch foq the -voing
of shipLqec( -s foq the tu qnng -w-y of sore \isateq
oq -cci\ent, -n\ the pqocuilg of goo\ foqtune.
" qor this pq-ice of the -ncients the Chqiu-ms
h-ve t-(en ex-rple bu setting up ir-ges of s-ints in
theiq vessels."
The foun\eqs of -ncient citees -n\ c-tles iqSt bqought
-tqologeqs to jin\ out - luc(y position of the he-vens
ul\eq lhch the iqSt Stone right be l-i\.
1 h2
 aAGSCAL MALISMANS
The inluence of aStrology on magic in the Middle
Ages is shown in the description of how the talismans
were to be made.
Each planet had a table or square consifting of an
arrangement of names, igures or numbers, which were
supposed to both give and receive power. This table,
or certain symbols written or engraved, formed the
talisman.
Thus, Saturn's table consited of a square containing

" TJIIS TAI.ISKAN tNGAVBD ON BRASS WIL. WIN Tlt W2ARtR

ELTH "

(Fom u iS., X csy.)

nine divisions in each of which the following numbers

were written, 4, 9, z, 3 , H ' 7, h, 1 , 6. These when
engraved on a plate of lead and worn on the person
were believed to bring good fortune, " to help child
birth and make a man powerful."
Jupiter's table engraved on a silver plate was said
to bring favour and love to him who wears it. " It
will dissolve witchcraft, engraven on coral."
" Mars engraven on iron or swords makes him that
bears it valiant in wars and terrible to is adversaries.
Cut v carnelian, it ops bleeding."
 JHE MYSMEOSS AND SECOEMP 6I MAGIC
" The Svs esgraves os gold, makes the bearer for
tvsate asd beloved, asd to be a compasuos of Kisgs.
" Vesvs esgraves os silver, brusgs good fortvse
asd love of womes. It makes the wearer powerfvl
asd dussolves witchcraft, also geserates peace betwees
mas asd wufe.
" Mercvry esgraves os silver, n or brass, or writtes
os virgis parchmest, wull make him that wears it obtaus
what he desires. It brngs gais, guves memory asd
vsderasng, and ksowledge of occvlt thisgs by
dreams.
" The Moos esgraves os silver, brusgs cheerfvlsess,
takes away ull wull, makes him secvre whes travellusg
asd expels esemies asd evil thisgs. Made is lead
asd bvried, it shall brusg misfortvse to the ishabitasts
of a city, also shups asd mulls."
Asother writer of the same peruod, in descrubing
how to make talismass, ates,
" An image whose igure was the head of masa

with a bloody seck, boweth svccess to petiioss asd

maketh hum who carrieth ut bold asd magsasumovs asd

helpeth agaislt witchcraft. The sigs is *:

" Dose vsder the greater Dog Star, the image of a
hovsd asd a little virgis, beoweth hosovr asd favovr

of mes. The sign iv

" Usder the heart of Leo they made the image of a
lios or cat which resdercth a mas temperate, appeasewh
wrath asd giveth favovr. The sigs is 9
1 84 U I
 lJIAn., TJIB ANGn. OP THn sUL
(Prom u MS., XV tcutuy, Ia he Diwh fstm.)
 THE aYSTERIES AND PETREMP OF MAGIT
" Undeh khe hea:k of Scohpio, khey made khe image
of a man armed wikh a coak of mail or khe igihe of a
scohptons xt givekh indehStanding and memohp nd

aidekh againSt evil spihiksv The sign is *"

The associakion of angels wikh khe planeks, khe monkhs
of khe yeah and khe foih winds was phobably die ko khe
inlience of aSthology.
( o ) Foih angels were said
ko serve Sakuhn, 4 inder
\)
v

- - J ipikeh, 4 undeh Mah
..
called Mahkyans, 4
c ) under he Sin, 3 indeh
"To upel and drive away lies from any place,
write tbee slsos on a plate of tlo."
Venis, 3 undeh Mehcihp
(From ao MS., XVI eut y.) and ; indeh khe Moons
The angels of khe
foih wnds wehe Michael for khe et wind, Gawriel
foh khe nohkh wnd, Raphael foh khe wclt and Uhlol for
khe soikhs
The coloihs associaked wikh khe planeks wehe black
wikh Sakihn, hed oh saffhon wikh Mahs, violer wikh Venis,
yellow with Mehcihp, saffron oh ohange wikh khe Sin
and whike ii th khe 1foon.

186
 T i l E D I ^' I N & StA..
r-om ,. ,luSn YV/ unlury. Dn"Usl lf us(llm,
 CAPTER XX
MAGICAL RINGS

T
HE Dommvxiom of rimgs with r-giD govs bpDn
to - vvry vprFy pvriod -md, Finv thv DirDlv, thvir
orsgin is Fo im thc res of tirv. dt ss prob-bFv
thpt thvsr Isv prosv fror thv sprv idvp. Thv DirDlv
-md thv rsmg syrbolizvd protvllom, pnd f thv l-ttvr
wps svt wsth Dvrt-sm omvs, o[ vmg[avvd wsth si ms or
smsDrsptioms of powvr, it w-s bvFivvvd to bv cmoLv
wDth r-gDDaM vsrtIvs.
ADDordimg to pm pnDsnt Hb[ rkIsD[Dpz, a [DZ
of Doppv[ pmd irom vmgr-vvd with Dvrt-sm r-giDaF sDgms,
whvm worm, woIld mpbFv thv wvprvr to bvDorv imvDsibFv
-t wilF.
Thv Grvvns n pmDivmt tirvs worv rsmgs svt with ovs,
sorvtirvs vmg[-vvd with rvprvsvmtpteoms of thv dvitivs
whor thvy bvivvvd h-d thv powvr of w-rdDmg off
vvil. PFItIs -FFIdvs to thv pr-ctDDv im thv SDhoip of
AriophpmvsH im whiDh thv I Mjm rvr-r's, " Hv[v's
p Dhprrvd rDmg d pr wvprimg thpt d boqghp for a
d[pchr- for EIdvros."
ngs wvrv -lso Isvd for hvalimg pIrposvs w[or t4
i[ DvmtIry, -md wv[v rvDorrvmdvd b vl-[DvFlIs for
rvMiv-img ppim sm thv side, plso by Alvxpmdvr of Trplvs
wor v-rioIs -iFrvmts.
Fror thv irv of Edwprd thv Confvssor rimgs hpvv
bvvm vrployvd for DI[smg DvrtpDm disvpsvs sm s[vpt
1 87
 THE MYSTEOSES AND SETOETS OF MAGST
n'vhwix, wxd vx hhc 1Hddlc kgcz " c'auC rixgz," bclicicd
hh hwic hhc "'h"c'-y hf 'c-vcivxg "ix, wftc' bcAxg
" ulczzcd " uy -hc 'cvgnAxg uhxw'9h, wc'c uuch
zhugh- wfhcr.
uhc uwgvcAwx'z 'Axg uzuwll( fh'ucd "w'- hf hAz cquA"
ucx- wxd wwz uwdc hf ch""c' h' lcwd. I- hwd -h uc
-h'cc ixchcz ix u'cwdhhR wxd hwic -hc wh'd uch'wg'wkw
thx wcll-cxg'wicd hx vhl A hhlc wwz uwdc hh'hugh
-hc uvdVlc hf vhR zh thw- A- chuld uc zccu'cd -h -hc
ingc'l
cfh'c ucAxg zcdR A- wwz xccczzw'( -h chxzcc'w-c A-
Ax hhc fhllhwxg uw c'
m0 -hhu c'cw-'c hf Ghd, -hhu 'vxgR I chxu'c -hcc
whAch wwz ulczzcd wxd wxhAx-cd hf Kvxg Dhlhuhx wAhh
Olvic Ovl, zh ulczzcdR I wdu'c -hcc Pill -h uc ulczzcd
.
-h'hugh vczuz Ch'iPR hhc Dhx hf -hc liiAxg GhdR -hw-
-hhu uw(P hwic the fh'uR -c figu'cR -he v'-uc wxd
"hwc' fh' -hw- "u'"hzc -hw- -hhu w'- h'dwixcd, fh' wxd
likc wz hhc k'k hf Ghd vx -hc Old ucPwucx-R thc ghldcx
'Axg wwz uh'xc, zh uc -hhu -h -Az zciwx- hf Ghd w
-hkcx hf knhwlcdgc uxhh -hAz fihhful zcvwx- hf -hc h'uc
zcAcxcc hf cwllvxg hf z"i'vtzR -hwh whcx hhhu wrh hcld u"
hc wx hwic hcl" hf hhccR wxd hh'hugh -h( iv'huc hc
uw( zubduc -hc "dwcr hf ciil z"iitzB
" uhcx qxhixh hhc 'ixg wihh ohl( Oil, zBinklc ih
wvhh ohl( wtc' wxd " u t A- hx -hc ingc' h f hhc lcfh hwxd
kxcclvxgl"
Ix w uwxuzc'i"- hf -hc zi hccxhh ccxhu'y, w fhkula
vz gvvcx fhr uwkixg w 'Axg fh' 'cciivxg wx h'wclcR -h
uc uwdc hf lcwdR -hc uchwl hf Dwtu'xl hcx uadcR
" w'vhc h' g'wic -hc'chx (c xwuc hf (c wxg-l Cwzzvc!,
-hcx fuuigw-c Atl Thcx ucvxg zh "'c"w'cdR "u- ih
1 h8
 THE MfSTEIBS AND SEAOETS OF MAGBA
rxhaio, aoi io hho \iiilo Auok " cr5l( riouk, roliovoi
ho havo hho (ro(orh( of roiovxou (io- afhor roxou
" rvokkoi , r( hho roiuoxou looarch. woro lych
koyuht afhor.
Tho lauxciao'k rxou ykyall( forloi (arh of hik oqyx(
looh aoi wak laio of co((or or voai. Ih hai ho ro
hhroo inchok xn rroaihh- aoi havo hho wori bohrauralla
hoo woll-oouravoi on xh. A hovo wak laio hhroyuh
hho lqiivo of xh. ko hhat xh coyvi ro kocyroi ho tho
inuor-
Boforo roxou ykoi- xh wak nocokkar( ho cookocraho x h
x n hho fovvowiou lannor
t0
hhoy croahyro of Goi. hhoy riou. I cooyro hhoo
w"ich wak rvokkoi aoi aooxnhoi of diou Sovoloo wxhh
Olxvo Oxl- ko rvokkoi- I aiLyro hhoo Exll ho ro rvokkoi
hhroyuh Jokyk ChriSt- hho Soo of hho lxvxou Goi. hhah
hhoy la(E havo hh forl- hho fiuyro- hho vxrhyo ani
(owor for hhat (yr(oko hhah hhoy arh oriaxooi. for aoi
viko ak hho Ark of Goi io hho Ovi boEalooh. hho uoviPo
rxou wak rorno. ko ro hhoy ho h"ik korvanh of Goi a
hokoo of knowvoiuo yoho h"ik faxhhfyv ko aoh of hho hryo
kcxooco of cavvxou of k(qrxhk. hhah whoo hhoy arh hovi y(
ho la( havo hov( of hhoo- aoi h"royuh hh( virhyo ho
la( kuriyo tho (owor of oviv k(iri s.
" Thoo tooxoh hho riou wihh How( Oiv, k rxn8vo i h
wxhh Hov( Wahor aoi (yh x h o o hho nuor of ho vofh haoi
nooinu.F
Io a laoykcri(h of hho kixhooohh coohyr(- a forlyv5
xk uivoo for lakiou a riou for rocoivxnu an oracvo. h o
ro laio o f voai- hho lohav of Sahyrn. Whoo l5io.
" wrxho or uravo hhorooo (o nalo of (o aouovv Cakkiov-
hhoo fyliuaho xh. bhoo roxou ko (ro(aroi. (yh ih
18
 MAGBCAL OBNGS
on t"y ingor as t"oy ary onyorin) xnyo t"y rod and
kpoak no word to any porkon, ryy lodiyayo t"oroon.
If t"oy wxvy colpvoyo y"o rxn), tryvyv yo k"avv p y y a
pxoco of yo rooyo of kolo okpocxav "orr )o ornod ry
Satyrn and pyy iy yndor yo Stono o a kx)noy, as for

6; r
< 5 ) b V - ,?<
''1 ' ,
' f J 7 9 rJ
'

beY J J z -
&rO I l,f'

' X ' r . > .

4H p ' l ,
;. ;I - 9 .
3 -.r : ; , C
SEm..S OP TilE PLATS
(From n >lS., XVI coluy.)

oxalzvo a ityvo rooy of dra)on or dra)on-wortv or of

rvac col9ororo or colp, ypon w"xc" pyy kolo 9ittvo
on x Stono or kapp"xro, or vapxk vazyvx, ryy onyx xs bt,
ryy voy it irSt ro lado and on)ravod- and lako yo moyvd
to aSt iy, and avv inik"od x dyo yxlo wxy" nalo of yo
an)ov of Sayyrn-"
 MHE MfSbEUS AND SEAOEbS OF MAGBA
Another method of maing a magical ring was to
" caSt a ring of pure gold and engrave on it the name
of an ngel and the charater of ye Sun. Then being
made, fumigate it with maSticke, red Storax, benjamin
and musk, or new sweet wine and rose water, all mixed
with saffron. Forget not to irSt put a piece of root
or yellow lower of marygold or some bay leaf, especially
of angelica or root of bay tree. Then place either a
carbuncle, hiacinth, chrysolite, or ye Stone etites which
is found in ye eagle's neSt, over it."
There was believed to be a close connexion between
the tars and certain metals dedicated to them, also
with various precious Stones and herbs. ] ohn Gower
in " Confessione Amantis," dedicated to Henry lli,
gives a liSt of these from which the following is ex-

tracted :
" Aldebaran is appropriated to the Stone carbuncle
and the herb anabulla.
" Asgol to the diamond and black hellebore.
" Clota or the pleiades to the cryStal or fennell.
" Ashaiot to the sapphire or horehound.
" Cais major to the beryl or sauma.
" Asmareth to the jasper or plantago.
" Aspheta to the topaz or rosemary.
" Scorpionis to the sardonix or aristolochia.
" The 1 U Stars called scorpio to the calccdony or
ma1oram.
" Rings made of lead should be set with black onyx,
and have a piece of root of yew, cypress, willow or black
hellebore. Of tin, set with sapphire, amethyS: or emerald,
hiacinth or topz, and root of oak, cherry tree, almond,
cheStnut, clove, mulberry or barberry tree. \/hen made
1 90
 aAGICAL INGS
if cippek, they shiuqd be set with maspek with the kiit
if iqive, sycamike tkees, ik with siqvek set with sakdis
ik cryStjq jnd kiit if the linden tkeew"
. Rings ti cuke giut jnd kheumjtism weke highqy
eSteemed in the sixteenth centuky, jnd the y kheumjtic
king " cimpised if inc jnd cippek wjs in vigte in
tqs ciuntky tntiq j few yejks jgi.
Theke is jn intekeSting qettek jming the HiStikicjq
lSS. in the Bkitish vluseum jddkessed ti the Ejrq if
Ljtdekdjqe, keueSng him ti send the Dtke if Hjmll
tin j y gitt king." It is pjktqy wkitten in ciphek, signed
" lj-G jnd djted y h if Fe by 1

y This is inqy ti deminStkjte I die nit wiqingqy

negqe: iccjsiin if wing, when I shjl inly sjy nine
knew yit weke in Scitland. Likd sjve my Laly
Duchess, fi; my Likd Dtke is gine jwjy ti-djy. . . .
Spejking if the Duke ptts me n .nd ti bid yit
send him such j giut king js yit gjve me ti send ti
my fjther when yit weke qjSt jt hime, fik the Dtke
hjth thjt weakng niw, and yiuk iqd sejnt Kenedy
hjth git j qijn if it fkim my fjthek, jnd he wjnted itw
fik he is undine with the gitt which wjs j mejns ti
keep him fkim jny tkiubqe if it whiqe he wike it. My
Ljdy I hipe wiqq be welq."
A qive chakm, in which ckamp rings phy a part, is
thus kecikded in j manusckipt if the sixteenth century.
y Tjke c ckjmp kings if gild ik silek jnd qjy them
bith in j swjlqiw's neSt thjt buiqdeth in the summek.
Let them qie theke 9 days, then tjke them jnd deqivek
the ine ti thy qive jnd keep the ithek thyseqf."
Theke jkc sevekjl jncient tkjditiins kegjkding the
fjmits kng if King Siqimin. vne jveks, it hjd the
191
 THE MfSTEUES AND SEAOETS OF MAGIA
Metic word SCHlviHAp1PHORASCH enLraved uVon
XLd which Lave hXM Lhe coMMand of sVXrXts and Vrocured
for hXM Lhe wonderful SHAvHR, which enabled hiM Lo
build Lhe LeMple. " lvery day aL noon iL LransVorLed
hXM inLo Lhe irMaMenLd where he heard Lhe secreLs of
Lhe unXverses ehXs contXnued unLXl he was Versuaded
be Lhe devXl Lo LranL hXM hXs lXberLy and Lo Lake Lhe rXnL
froM hXs nLer ; the deMon Lhen assuMed his shape as
UnL of lsrTel 9n reiLne three eears, wile SoloMon
becaMe a wanderer Xn foreXLn lTnds."
AnoLher oky taLes, LhaL " hen he looked on hXs
rXnL he beheld whaLsoever he desXred Lo inow Xn heaven
or upon earLh. One day he too XL of when abouL Lo
enLer his baLhd Tnd Xt was snaLched uV by a fury and
Lhrown XnLo Lhe sea. GreaLly iurbed by Lhe loss of
Lhe rinLd LhaL Lave hXM Vower over Lhe spXrXLs of aird
earLh and sea, and whXch also deVrXved hXM of Lhe
wXsdoM Lo kule, he resolved never Lo reseaL hiMself on
his Lhrone unLil he had recovered iL.
" AL Lhe end of forLy daes he Miraculously found hXs
rinL Xn Lhe belly of a ish brouLhL Lo hXs Lable."
PoVe InnocenL Xs said Lo have senL Lo KXnL John
four rinLs seL wiLh MeStXcal Stones, Lhe irLues of which
are oeL forLh in Lhe fojlowXnL leLLer wch accoMpanXed
the LXfL.
" PoVe OnnocenL Lo KXnL Jox of EnLland.
" ehouLh we are Versuaded LhaL eour Roeal lxcellence
has no wanL of such LhXnLs, we have LhouLhL proVer Lo
send eou as a Mark of our LoodwXll, four rXnLs seL wiLh
onest We beL Lhe favour eou would consXder Lhe
MeStere conLained Xn Lheir forMk Lheir MaLLer and Lhir
colou raLher Lhan LheXr value. eheXr rounness denoLes
1 92
 \fA GICAL `NGP
ehernUth, the nkSber sokr5 rhUmh Us a sqkare5 sUgn-ies
irSness os Sind, not ho be shakea bh advers-th nor
elevahet bh grosgerUth. jhUs -s a gerfeCtUoa to rh-mh
hors rUll not faUl to arrive, rhen Ut shall be adorned
rUhh the sokr mardUnal vUrtkes, j ktUne, sortUhkde, grkdenme
and teSgeranme.
e h the Told Us sUTnUied rUsdoS5 as Told Us the
SoSt gremUoks os Setals, rUsdoS Us of all endorSents
the SoS0 exmellent. AnmordUnTlh GoloSon, tha0 ganUin

" SES OF TilE DEVIl.," DESCRIBED AS VERY POTENT

(From u NS., XWV ctuy, In le BdlI lbray.)

inT, only asked God for rUsdoS t Sake Um to rell

Tovern hUs geogle.
" jhe Treen molokr of .he eSerald denohes saUth p
hhe nlearness os the saggh-re hoge the redness of the
rkbh nharUhh ; and hhe nolokr os the ogal Tood rorks.
In the eSerald5 hheresore5 hok have rhat hok are to
belpeve p Ua the sagghUre rhah hok are to hoge p Un hhe
rkbh rhat yok are ho love p and Un hhe ogal rhat hok
are to graCt-se.d
je kse s SaTUnal Unsmr-gh-ons and nhara:ers on
1 93
 MHE MYSTEUES AND SEAOETS OF MAGIA
bAn,s cpp.5rF tE h5D. ErA,Af5t.d with th. mc,Ai s.cl
Er -5pAFmaf thct wcF irkt wrAtt.f En pcrihm.ft cfd
i5rrA.d En th. p.rsEnu ms thAF iEuld .cFAqb q. Ek
lit.r5t.d Ej d.StjEb.d, th. F.5l w5F sEm.tim.F trcfs
E.rr.d tE m.tcl cnd wErf 5F c bif,E
Lh. 5rl E. P.t.rkErEu,h pEFs.FF.d c mc,Aicl s.cl
.n,rcD.d wAth FymkElF Ef FAlv.r, with cf ArEf :cfdl.,
c w5 Ampr.FFAEf E. whiih is il if .AkW.ni.u fh.
eftj. is 5 Fqucr. Af wiih AF .nilEF.d c dA5mEfd
Fhcp.d di5,rcm FurrEufd.d qb Stcrs cfd irEss.FF
OutFAd. th. iiril. cb. thr.. rEwF E. mc,iicl fcm.F.
fE t:. impb.FFiEf fh. dct. " . D.i 1 v4 J iF cttci:.dt
jnEth.r mc,Aicl 6n, E. whiih cf impb.FFiEn 6.mcifs,
cfd clFE c Ft.tihR iF fhcf E. 6 SimEn qErm5fE fh.
EtEriEus c,iiAcn, 5 ElE,.r cfd clih.ASt E. th.
FAxt..fth i.ftury.
Th. 6if, wcF E. silv.6h cnd Ef th. EutFid. .d,. E.
fh. FA,f.t w.r. .n,rcD.d th. wEbds mpIEL 5nd mNmELX
w:Al. Ef t:. Eutsid. E. th. iiril. w.b. fh. wErdF DIE
f HORG 5nd th. dct. 1 w 9 8
SAmEn Ejmcn wcs kErf in I w w q cfd .nt.r.d Mc,
d5l.f CEll.,., OxgErd, cs c pEEb sihElcru If h w 79
:. w5s s.nt tE prAsEn .Er sAxtb w..nF .Er pr5aiFin,
mag i, 5} .r iir :. frcD.qq.d fh. iEuftrb .Er sEm.
yearr ar 5 qu5i dE:Ej 5fd .D.ntu5llb s.ttl.d An N.w
tj..t, LEndEn, An 1 5 8 3 .
AD. b.cs l5t.rX w. mfd h. b.,5f puklAilb fE prc:iF.
n.irEmcfib cnd prE..ss.d tE icll up spArAts In I w 9 3
h. wcs summEn.d qb t:. HEll.,. E. PhbFAiAcns .Er
prcisAn, m.dAiAf. withEut 5 qii.fi. cfd mf.d. xcin
in, nEtErA.tbX h. cttrct.d s.D.r5l crAkWEirctAi p5t6Ens,
ifiludAn, Erd H.rt.Erd. H. wcF prEF.iut.d mcny
h
t + . GA - tA\ .JrtLL + Of r A s TA 1 rL

+ A L lIU:5O ++ - 'HA L 6+ .

A L G A R + YU Z L .

.. + '\ I c >rA: .. + f YA + -A >..l L I .

- A > O"A l + fAA + JN + TETM;AT O N y

+ Y Y. H X F YAA:TM + JK J T.A I: r\

T 1 A '.A + lbA" o I .TA

'
T i l E K A R l. O" I'ET.RnOROI:CII S M ,\(:IC S:AL
 MAGICAL INGS
himok for hvvouavly (raikiou modicioo. ryt io hho ood
rocoivod a douroo ak do:or of modicioo from Camrriduo
UoKvorkihy.
Ho wak assocRahod wRhh hho myrdor of SRr Thomas
Ovcrbury io 1 v 1 , aodJ accordiou ho a lohhor (roducod
Ko CourtJ hho Coyohokk of Ikkox had akkod him ho uRvo
hor a (hilhro ho aiooaho hor husraod. aod avko ooo ho

SUIOL FOR)fAL's AGIC RING

(rom n Ms., XVW :ealy, n he BrlUab )l m.)

uaio tho lovo of hho Iarl of Somorsoh- yriou hho

hriavJ wax imauok of hho (orkoos coocorood, mado for
workRou mauic, woro (rodycod Ro Coyrt.
Formao weft a mass of maoyscriphs ho eichard Napior,
who roqyoahhod hhom ho Sir eichard NapiorJ hgs
nP(how- Thomak, hKk koo, uavo hhom ho Iliak AshmoloJ
who vofh hhom ho tho Bodlohan Lhrray. whoro hhoy aro
ll (rokorved.
 MHE MYSMEOBES AND SEAOEMS OF \iAGBA
-h. iiriutc-von o. -h. ktood cnd ini'vn. -h. w.cr.r -o
cn,.r.
yh.ir iF c iurvouF -rcdihion -hc-, i. miFfor-une
-hr.c-.n.d cnyon. who icrrv.d c rukb, i- k.iam. dcrk.r
vn io'our cnd wh.n -h. p.rw' hcd pcFF.d w - r.Fum.d is
ori,vnc' kri,h- hu..
ck.'Fiho3.6uF comm.ninE oE -hiF .E.n Fcys,
" kn -h. w -h dcy o. .i.mk.6 x 6 j wcF ,on, wvth my
k.tov.d wi.. Hcth.rvEc .rom S-u--Ecrd- -o HctuncE j
okF.r3.d kb -h. wcb fhcf c 3.ry n. rukb wih j wor.
moun-.d in c ,o'd rin, whiih Fh. hcd ,i3.n fo m.E loI
r.p.a-.d'b cnd .cih im. c'mot iomp'.-.'y i-F sp'.ndid
iotour, cnd -hc- v - cFF um.d a Fomkr. k'cckvFh hu. whih
'ct.d F.3.rcl dcbF ; Fo muih Fo, thc- kein, Er.ct'b cIon
iFh.dE j dr.w i- .rom mb in,.r and pu- v- in c icFn.-.
j c'Fo wcrn.d mb wi.. -hc- Fom. .3il .otow.d h.r o6 m
jnd -ru'b j wcF nof d.iev3.d, .or wvfhin c ..w dcbF sh.
wcF -cn.n mor-c'lb Fiit. j.-.r h.r d.c-h fh. 6uky 6.
Fum.d i-F prirun. io'our cnd krvt'icnib.' Mcdcm. d.
Pompcdour wor. c 'cr,. 6ukb iuf vn fh. .orm o. a piE,
cF c ihcrm -o krvn, ,ood-tuiR whvih iF sit' pr.F.63.d
in -h. ou3r. MuF.umu
yh. Fcppir. wcF k.tv.3.d fo poFF.FF mcnb vir-u.Fu
yo ,aze ton, wn-o w- wcF Fcwd -o pr.F.r3. -h. .b.Fv,h-E
cnd Nf worn ov.r hh. r.,ion o. -h. h.cr- it r.duc.d }.v.r
cnd ,cv. str.n,-h cn .ner,b.
" I - hcd -h. mcEiic' pow.r o. inFpirvnE chc.
fhou,r-FE" FcbF cn .crtb wri-.r, " whiih iauF.d if -o k.
r.iomm.nd.d -o k. worn kb .iit.FicStviF. S- J.rom.
cFF.r-F in iF iomm.n-F on IFcichE ihcp-.r ixE -hc-
" -h. Fcpprir. ioniilic-.F -o -h. w.cr.r -h. .c3our o.
pnni.FE ic'mF -h. .urb o. .n.mi.F, diFp.tF .nihcn-
198
 MAGIT BN JEWES
ments, deivers from prison and softens the ire of
God."
As an amulet, the emerald was said to drive off evil
sp i rits , give knowledge of secrets, of fu ture eve n ts , and
beow eloquence on its owner. It was supposed to
betray inconancy by splintering into fragments when
i t could not prevent the evil, a superStition which :Miss
Landon embodies v the lines :
" It i- gem s.ic. .aFh F.e Rower Fo -.os,
If Rlig.Fed lovers keeR Fheir fait. or no ;
If fit.ful, ic i- like F.e leave- of -Rring ;
ef faiF.les-, lve S.ose leave- a.en ic.ering."
There is a tradition conne:ed with the emerald,
that it foretells an evil event should it fa l l from its
setting . . At the coronation of George Ill, a large
emerald is said to have fallen from his crown, which
believers in the omen say presaged the loss of America.
Pla.ed round the neck of a child, it was said to protect
it from attacks of epilepsy, dispel terrors and op hemor
rhage.
The topaz when worn on the left hand was beieved
to calm anger, banish melancholy, brighten the
wit and give courage to the wearer. As a talisman, if
bound round the left arm, it was said to dispel enchant
ments, while it was also credited with the properties of
healing affeCtions of the mind, preventing sleep walking
and curing hemorrhoids.
The amethy had the reputation of keeping the wearer
from intemperance and was used as a cure for inebriety.
Camillus Leonardus, referring to tlus, States, " Bound
on the navel it prevents drunkenness. It was also
held to sharpen the wit, turn away evil thoughts and give
m 9n
 THE MfSJERBES AND SEAREJS OF AfAGBT
a nnowl.,. o. hh. .uhur. vn dr.amw. f waw .r.ru.nhlb
.n,raD.n wiDh hh. h.ad o. Bacchuwi and waw a .aDourvh.
wiDh hh. poman ladv.wEJ
Lh. opa' haw 'on, b..n a muchmalv,n.d j.w.l and
waw ,.n.ral'b b.li.D.d fo brvn, hh. w.ar.r vllluck, buh
accordvn, ho .arlb wrih.rw vf bb no m.anw d.w.rD.w hhvw
r.puhahvonk kn fh. conhrarb, fh.b ahhrvbuh.d ho vf al'
,ood rualvhv.w, mora' and h.a'vn,E fhaf p.rhavn.d ho ohh.r
pr.cvouw nWon.w, aw vf radvaf.d hh.vr manb colourw. Ih
waw r.puh.d ho b. h.'p.u' fo fh. .b.wv,hf, fo b. ab'. ho
iwp.p wadn.ww and ms'ancholb, and ho pr.w.rD. hh. w.ar.r
grom conha,vonF
Lh. opal waw hv,h'b .nt..m.d bb hh. pomanw, and
Ppvnb wabw fhaf " fh. L.nahor Moniuw waw .xv'.d bb Mart
mnonb .or hh. wan. o. hh. ma,nvic.nf opap hs wor.

thaf waw fh. wiz. o. a haz.ljnufFJ

Lh. hurruovw. waw anohh.r ,.m fhaf waw wuppow.d ho
low. vhw co'our wh.n .Dvl fhr.ah.n.d vhw .ar.r. Lhuw
wriDsw Donn. :
.. As a comRa--ioname murkois mham domh Fells
hT lookvng Rale, thE sEarEr i- eoF aE!'
Ih waw wuppow.d ho haD. hh. prop.rhv.w o. pr.D.nhvn,
h.adach.i placafin, hahr.d and r.co cvlvn, 'oD.rw.
Lh. x.rbl vw waid ho poww.ww manb hsalvn, Dirhu.w and
waw .icaciouw vn r.lisDin, hbnWsria, jaundics, iD.r
hroubl.w and aipm.nDw o. hh. mouth and hhroah. iw a
charm, hh.r. waw an ancisnh b.lv.f hhah vh mad. hh. idl.
vndunWriouw and ruicn.n.d hh. vnf.'l.a o. hhow. who w.rg
dupl. ets mosW imporDanh prop.rhb, how.D.r, waw ihw uws
aw a m.dvum .or ma,vca' Dvwvon, and, .or ,azin,i no
nWon. waw b.li.D.d ho b. wo .f.iD. and Daluabl. aw hh.
b.rbl.
zo7
 MAGIA IN ]ElTES
The onyx was also a Stone associated with magic.
When worn on the neck it was said to ftimulate the
spleen, dispel melancholy and other mental disturb
ances. It was applied to the bites of venomous animals
and was suspended round the neck to allay pain.
The carnelian, probably on account of its colour and
coldness, was used to Stop hemorrhage, and the sardonyx
was believed to protet the wearer from the bites of
scorpions.
Coral has been highly eSteemed for its properties from
early times, both on account of its occult power and its
medicinal virtues. Pliny says, (( Formerly it was deemed
excelent as an antidote to poisons." A later writer
States, " Witches tell, that this Stone withStandeth light
ning, and putteth it, as well as wirlewindes, tem
peS:es and Storms, from shippes and houses that it is in."
Like the turquoise .it was believed to alter in colour
according to the health of the wearer, and if worn b y
one who is ill o r i n danger o f death .it would become livid
and pale. This property is alluded to in the following
lines in the " Three Ladies of London " written in 9 5 94 :
" You may say jet will take up Straw, amber will make
one fat, coral will look pale when you be sick, and
cryStal will Staunch blood."
As an amulet or charm it was used as a proteCtion
againSt witchcraft, enchantments, epilepsy, " assaults of
the devil," Storms at sea and perils by land.
The superSition has survived in the cuStom of placing
coral necklaces round the neck of an infant soon after
birth, while the coral and bells were supposed to drive
away evil spirits and prote: the child from ill. An early
writer observes, " It Stops bleeding, preserves houses
p09
 MHE MYSMEOBES AND SEAOEMS OF MAGBC
from thunder (?) and khildien fiom goblins and sor
keiesses. " Taken pnternally pt was sapd to ielieve indi
gestion and pievent attakks of epilepsy.
4mber has long had a reutation as a kuiative khaimx
espekially in konnexion wpth the thioat. Woin round
the nekk pt was belpeved to reieve khet troubles, soie
thioats and whooppng-kough. In the form of oil of
ambei it is Stpll employed to rub on the khet and nekt
for these ailments.
Many other ones weie assokiated wpth magik and
believed to possess okkult piopeitpes of hich only bipef
mention may be made. These pnklude khalkedony,
which was said to bring good foitune and prevett illu
sions of evpl spirpts ; khrysoletus kairped pn the left hand to
diive away night-hags, pllusions and wptkhes ; jasper
againSt nightmare and epilepsy ; jakpnth against plague
and ightning ; and jetx konkeing whpkh Plpny obseives,
" vfagikians u s e thps j e t :one mukh in thepr sorkeiies
whikh they praise by the means of red hot aes, for
they aiim that being kaSt thereon pt will buine and
konsume, f that we desiie and wish shall happen
akkordingly.,
 CHnPTER XXII

LOVE AND MAGIC

T seems natgral to sgppose that the aid of the

I praitioner of mahic shogld ie soghht ie conexion
with the majady y of jove comoe to maekied
from the time of the Creation.
cc

His help was soghht iy ioth sexes who desired to

oitain tqe oijet of thei fcaions, or assiance ie the
pgrsgit of their amogrs. Ie mythojohyk the media
employed gsgajjy coesiSted of phijtres or potions of
mahical heris and plaetsk charms to ie workedk or rites
to ie performedk ie order to oitaie the desred end.
paey of these empjoyed iy the aecieet Ehyptiaesk
Greeks aed Romaes have already ieee descriied ; igtk
jgdhinh from n examinatioe of the secret iooks of the
mahicians of the piddle nhesk the demaed for love
charms mg have coesideraijy increased, aed some of
them are of an extraordinary charater.
In a ryriac maegscript, written aiogt the eleventh
century, there is a ory of an Ehyptian who fejl in love
witw aeother man's wifek igt whose advances were
repglsed iy the oije: of his afkections. He theregpoe
soghht a mahiciae, aed asked him to make the woman
jove him and her hgsiand hate her. The wizard traes
formed her ieto a marek igt nally she was reored to her
former shape iy the hojy mae, pacarigsk who took some
water and ilessed it aed threw it over her head.
o
 THE MYSTERIES A ND SECRETS OF rfAGIC

The love-charms of the Middle Ages sometimes took

the form of seals of magical power, letters or words
written on parchment, an image of wax, the use of
magical herbs, o r potions to be swallowed.
In an ancient Hebrew manuscript found at Mossoul ,
there are a number of curious charms for love, and
among them are the following :
" For love when thou wishel that a woman should
come after thee, and thou should: please her father
and mother. Write n :arch (?) and safron and touch
whomsoever thou love: and she will come to thee."
Another method was to " Write and put into the
fire, Alp, Sulb, Nin, \V'Alkom, Apksa, Bal in the heart
of - daughter of - for love of - son of -
like the love of Sarah in the eyes of Abraham.
" Or thou shalt fashion parchment after the fashion of
male and female and on the pi:ure of the female write,
Bla Bla Lhb Lhb Lhb Hbl Hbl Hbl, and on the other
write Zkr Zkr Zkr Rhz Rhz Rkz Rkz K rz, and then
shalt put them together, front and back, and thou shalt
put them in the ire."
Another written charm to be cat into the ire runs,
" In the name of \'hil Ykidta Bliba, I invoke you to put
love for - son of - in the heart of - daughter
of - that he sleeps not neither by day or night, nor
shall he speak with any man either in the Street or i n
the house, except with relation t o love for - "
" To bring a disdainful woman, Let h i m write on
one of her garments and make a wick of i t and burn
it in a pottery lamp, this, Halosin Halosin Alosin Alosin
Alosin Sru'in Sru'in that ye come and assemble in the
body of - daughter of - and harass her that she
.04
 LO VE AND MAGIC
cjt not, drtnk qot, oi s leep nos, unttl she kome qeji
me jnd do she plejsuie of me of
- ."
-

A khjim foi j gtil " thjt is qot sought in mjiiijge ''

is given js follors : " Let him riite these Sejls and
hjqg them up on the dooi of hei house, jqd immedtjtely
they shjll wjke her in mjirijge."
The khjims foi love jie vjiied ty one to kjuse
hjtied :
To do tlus, you muS wjke the egg of j tljkk hen
cc

jnd toil it iq uiiqe jnd give hjlf of it to j dog jqd hjlf

of it wo j kjt jqd sjy, As these hjse oqe jqothei so mjy
hjtied fjl tetreeq son of - nd - soq
-

of - "
Love-khjims in whe stxteeqsh kentuiy reie somesimes
riitten on she peison ; thus oqe diieB:s, thjt these letteis
muSt te riitteq oq the left hjqd of the lovei,
H.L.D.PuN.A.G.U., " kjiiy them in the moiing tefoie
sun iising jnd woukh rhom thou rilt jqd she rill
follor thee." The riitei qjively iemjiks, "yo1 m
ty it rpon a dog."
Anothei komtinjtion of lesseis, to te riitten oq
the lefs hjnd tefoie suniise, rjs HuL.N.PuM.Q.U.Mu
This is foi j roman, rho is diieB:cd to " toukh his nekk
sekiesly jnd he shall love theeu"
A khjim to piovoke love rjs to riite
" N.A.P.A.R.A.B.O.C.L.P.E.A. in smjll sujies on the
iight hjnd rith tlune orn tlood, tefoie whe suq iising,
or jfter she su n setting, and touch she paisies flesh jnd
sjy, ' Ei signeie me et Stjt in vjiet titi.' "
A moie kompikjted khjim rjs roiked js follors :
" Tjke 3 h ai rs of his hejd jnd j thiejd spun on j Fiidjy
by j virgin, jnd make j kjndle theierith of virgin rjx
.05
 MHE MYSMERIES AND SECOETS OF MAGSC
frsr sqsare, nd write with the bxrrd rf a crck starrrw
the nawe rf the wrwan, and xight the candle, wherea{
i t way nrt drrt strn the earth and she shayx yrve thee.,
A ul wrre trwerfsx charw was tr " take the navel
String rf a bry, new brrn, dry and trwder it and give
hiw rr her tr drink.
" There is none such," decxares the writer.
The Seay rf Venss, anrther xrve-charw, was tr be
c c graven rn thin crtter rr brass when the tyanets
were favrsrabxe and in grrd trsitirn, Venss being
near the wrrn."
" Tr get the lrve rf any wrwnJ" says a writer rf
the sixteenth centsry, " irSt wake it knrwn tr her it
is her lrve yrs desre, and in the day and hrsr rf Venss,
give her tr drink rf the trwder rf the Seay n the txace
where she way be, ad she shaxx xrve thee warvexxrssyy."
" The trwder rf the Seax secretly tyaced in the gar
wents rr abrst the breaSt is ersayxy efeive."
A csrirss charw was tr " take the trngse rf a starrrw
and cxrse it in virgin wx snder thy cxrthes frr the
stace rf IV days, then take it and keet it in thy wrth
snder the trngse and kiss the wrwan thrs yrve."
The sse rf a wx iwage rr igsre was attarentxy
crwwrn in the sixteenth century n wagic and en
chantwents crnnected with xove.
The charw was wrrked thss :
" Make an iwage rf her yrs xrve in virgin wa, strinkxe
i t with hrxy water, and write the nawe rf the wrwan
rn the frrehead rf the iwage and thy nawe rn her breaSt.
" Then take frsr new needxes and trick rne rf thew
in the back rf the iwage, and the r thers in the right
and yeft sites. Then say the crnj sratirn. Then wake
. 06
 LO VE AND MAGIC

a fue in her name, and write on the ashes of the coals

her name, and a little muStard seed and a little salt
upon the image, then lay up the coals again, and as
they leapeth and swclleth so shall her heart be kndled
in thy love."
Sympathetic magic is indicated as the basis of the
next charm, which reads : " Take the hairs of the woman
whose love thou dcsireSt, and keep them until the
Friday following, and that day before sun rising. Then
with tine own blood, write thine own name and her
name n virgin wax or parchment, and burn the hair
and letters together to duSt on a red hot fire, and give
it to her in meat auu drink, aod she shaH be so much
taken with thee that she shall take no reSt."
A love-charm of the sixteenth century, which has
survived until recent times, is to " take a spider within
his web, whole, and sec it breaks not and shut it inside
. shells of a nut. After this, boil it in oil in a silver
spoon called cochlcaria and give part of the webbe
to drink. It makes the party who drinkes to love him
so long as the spider be shut up in the nutshell."
Another method used " to gain the love of a woman,"
was to " take a piece of virgin parchment as broad as
your hand, and make on it . images, the one of thyself
and the other of the woman ; then with the blood of
the little inger of thy left hand, write on thine own
image thine own name, and on the other her name. Be
twixt the image write Sathan, Lucifer, Donskton. You
muSt make it so that when you close the parchment the
images may be right over one another. Make thine
own image on Friday, the irSt hour that Venus governs,
and the other the Friday following, in the same hour.
.0 7
 THE MYSTERIES A ND SECRETS OF MAGIC

T"is iooo, put t"o ilsuos uoior your footo throo tilos
s isy, snd t"oo rolovinu it to tho othor foot. Io t"o
loroiouv tho irSt hour oJ tho isy sftor 1 . o'cvoc8 st
noonH sni st oiuht roJorB it ro isr8, ssy t"o cooLurstion,
6Puiooiou Ssthsov Lucifor, snd Doosvton, which src
priocos whic" oxpovvoi Aisl sni Ivo out of Psrsiiso.
x c"sruo you to uo to "or osloiv sni sufor "or not to
svoopo, oor to ts8o soy rcSto, nor to irin8o nor to mtsni
nor to sitv nor to vio ~uiotv until s"o hsth sccolplishoi
soi iooo :y will w"stsoovor I ro~uoSt "or to ioo.
" T"on you lumt "svo 5 piocos oJ uoliov to ro soot
hor in t"o tilo you rouin your wor8 rofort it ro ooieiv
soi s"o wivl vovo you ss voou ss you vivo.F
T"o sssocistion oJ sppvos wit" vovo oochsot:onts
uoos rsc8 to so osrly porioi. T"o Jovlowinu sro ivB
ts8oo frol :souscripts oJ t"o iftoont" sni sixtoBnt"
cooturios :
" Writo o n so spplov Guol + Bsstirovl i Glisovl + ,
soi uivo i t "or to ost.F
" Writo on sn sppvo, esuuoll, Lucifor, Ss t"snus, sni
ssyv I conLuro t"oo spplo ry t"oso t"roo oslos writton
on t"oo, thst w"osoBvor shsvv ost thoo :sy ruro io ly
vovo.G
" Writo on sn spplo roforo it Jsvl fDol tho troo, Avco
i Duwco i Dovsto i, soi ssyv I conjuro thoo app9e
6y thoso throo nslos wc" sro writton on thPev tQst
whst wolso or viruin touchoth sni tsStot" thuu, lsy
vovo lo sni rurn in ly vovo ss iro o9tot" wsx.F
" Writo oo sn sppvo your oslos sni thoso throo oslos,
Coslor + Syosiy i oupiiov sni uivo it to ost to
soy lsn t"st t"ou wouviSt "svo sni "o shs9v io ss
t"ou wivt.G
20h
 L O VE AND MAGIC

" Cu'' ao a((9p xo IV parts, aoi on pvpr( zar' wrx'pv

Sathip9 + Sathipl + Obin) i Sia)pftari- aoi kay- I
coojurp 'hpp a((9p 6y 'hp Holy Goi- by 'hp IV Ivao
gplitk aoi gokzplk- aoi 6y Samup9 aoi 6y Maryv that
'hou khall oot :aoi :Rll uo'xl I havp thp lovp of 'hp
wo:ao which khall pa' of 'hpp."
Spvpr hpr6k aoi zlao'k wprp p:zloypi xo lovp-

KING SOLOMON'S APPLE, WITH HACICAL liA.ACTERS

(xEow D liS., Vl cwly.

char:k aoi a:oo) thpm vpr6poa or vprvaxo (laypi a

(ro:inpo' (ar'- (ro6a69y owRn) 'o x'k akkocia'ioo
with wR'chcDaf'.
" To )aio 'hp lovp of :an or wo:ao-" kayk a wri'pr
of 'hp kxx'ppo'h cpo'ury, " )o 'o 'hp hpr6 Vprvain
whpo it xk lowprpi ocar 'hp fu9 v of 'hp mooo aoi kay
'o i' 'hp Lori'k Praypr. Thpo kay, io 'hp oamp of thp
a'hprv Soo aoi Holy Gho, I havp kouuh' thpp + I
havp fouoi 'hpp + I chargp thpp Vpvaxo 6y 'hp Holy
oa:pk of Goi. Hplxoo. Hploy- + Aiooay- whpo I carry
20Y
 MHE MYSMEOSS A ND PEAOEMP OF MAGST
thff in m mogthk that whosofvfr I shall lovf or togch,
that thog makf thfm oifdifet geto mf aed to do ml
will in all thiehs. FInT + FInT + FInT +
nMEN.y
In anothfr, thf lovfr is dirftfd to tawf morf ahhrfssivf
mfthods :
" Pjacf Vfrvaie ie thy mogth, aed iss aey maid
salieh thfsf wordsk ' Pax tiii sgm sfnsgm coetfrit ie
amorf mf,' aed shf shalj jovf thff.y
Vfrifea was gsfd to iriqh garrfls to ae fnd, aed
was wjacfd iq thf shofs whfe travfjluqh so thf wfarfr
shogjd eot hrow wfary.
It as also fmpjoled as a charm to catch ish and to
huvf iffs.
To ifcomf ievisiilf, sals thf samf writfr, '' Lft 4
massfs if said ovfr Vfrvaie aed ifar it abogt thff.
It shogjd if hathfrfd ori thf poedal eihht ieforf
Hojl rood dals."
Thf wlaet valfriae had also a rfwgtatioe as a charm
for jovf. Thf lovfr was feoiefd to hathfr it whfe
thf mooe is in thf sogth, salieh thfsf words, " pusfrf
mfi Bfatgs Vix gi ietillihfx,y and also 3 Patfreostfrs,
3 nvfs, and 3 Crffds. " Pgt it gqdfr thl tonhgf aed
kiss hers and shf wijl jovf thff."
Valfrian was ajso somftimfs igrnt, or rfdgced to
wodfr, and hivfe to thf dfsirfd oef to drunw to rovowf
jovf.
neothfr lovf-charm was to " hof ieto a vardee whfrf
sflgflnf hrowfs oe a Thgrsdal il thf rusinh of thf
sn, and knfflieh oe thy nffs sal thgs, ' In nomief
watric, I soghht thffk In nomief ii, I havf fognd thff. I
conjgrf thff that thog maq or woman jovf mf that I
.10
 LO VE AND MAGBA
trsch with thee,' ast sr gather it ast kuut it frr thy
sse."
The tlast St Jrn's wrrt, was rutstut tr trssess
magical prrperties, ast awrsg rthers that rf com pelling
lrvu. A lacu rr girtlu asristet with thu ril rf the
tlast ast gives tr a waitus tr wear, was sait tr make
her yrve thu giver. A charw n which a sstmeg frrms
tart is tiru:ut tr be wrrket as frylrws : " Take a
sstweg ast trick it fsll rr hrlus ast yrs shaly suu it
wear a tew strs it. Pst it is yrsr arw-tit p tays,
thus try it rs a tiyurse ant sr it wiyl fll tr trwtur the
which tst is a wrwan's trrtirn rf trtagu ast trisk
srt rf it yrsrsuyf. She shall yrve thee withrst trsbt."
A lrvu-charw intr wich trats ustur attuars tr have
hat its rrigin is the Assyrian charw truvirssyy mes
tirsut. It begins : " In March whes trats tr esgester,
ll twr, ast tst thuw is a brx fsyy rf hryes ant tst it
in a tisswire bank. Whes all is crssswet bst thu
brses, take thum ast caS thew istr rsssing water ast
yrs shall see that rse rf thu brsus wily gr agaist thu
fuuam. Asrther wily ant stright ast asrthur will
sink. Thesu threu keep. Pst that which swimmcth
agaisst thu ruaw in a risg, ast shu that takuth it at
yrsr hasts shall yrvu thee. Pst that that trrt stright
is a ring ast givu it tr a wrmas, ast shu shall rbu thy
wish. Grate that tr trwter that sisketh, ant shu that
trisketh thererf shall hate thee."
Is the Egyttias wagical texts it is rucrrtet that
hair, feathur~, ssaku's skis, ast " the blrrt rf the
myzuc eye " weru umtlryet as yrvu-charms ast hat
brth trrte:ive ast teurying trwurs. Thu " blrrt
rf thu myStic uye " is thrsght tr inticatu tragrs's
.II
 THE MSTEIES LND SECRETS OF MAGIC

blccdi which fcr centuries has been believed tc be an

efetive ingredient in charms fcr prcvcking lcve. The
Greeks called dragcn's blccd cinabarisi and apparently
did nct kncw whether it was cf mjneral cr vegetable
crigin. Ccles atesi that " Plinyi Scinus and v!cnardus
have set it dcwn fcr truthi that it was the blccd cf a
dragcn cr serpent crushed tc death by the weight cf a
dying elephant faling upcn him," but he thinks it was
certainly sc caled frcm " the blccdy cclcur that it is cfi
bejng ncting else but a mere gumpn
The subance kncwn as dragcn's blccd is a gum
resjn cbtained frcm the Pterolarpa indiru, a tree
indjgencus tc the Ea Indjesp In early times it had
scme repute in medicine fcr its aringent prcperties and
alsc as an emmenagcgue, but it has gcne cut cf use and
is ncw emplcyed as a cclcuring agent fcr varnishes
and ains. Three hundred years agci it is said tc have
been used by gcldsmiths and painters cn glassi by the
fcrmer as a base fcr enamel and by the latter tc rjke a
crjmscn fcr ajned windcws.
Its usei hcweveri as a magital charm has surviveh
tc the present dayi and it is rll emplcyed as a lcve
charm in scme parts cf Lcndcn and in the Ncrth cf
England. A great deal cf mystery surrcunds is emlcy
ment fcr tis purpcsei and it is cnly wjth difitulty scme
details have been cbtained, There seem tc be several
methcds cf wcrkjng tharms cf a rcmantjt nature with
thjs ctherise crdinary artjcle cf ccmmerce. The mc
ccmmcn cf these is pracHsed by girls cn All Hallcw
e'en, whc are jealcus cf their lcvers and desire tc wjn back
thejr afeicn. Tc dc this a small uuantity cf dragcn's
blccd is prccuredi wrapped in paperi and thrcwn cn the
.1.
 LO VE A ND MAGIC

ire whnl the following couplet or incantaSion is

repeated :

" May .e no Rleasure or Rroit see

he comes bacv agavn to se."

Another method emplofed bf women of a cerSain

class, and used bf them So aSSraa the opposite sex,
is to ei dragon's blood, quicksilver, salSpeSre and
sulphur and throw Shem on She re wile repeaSing a
silar incanSaoion.
A lhemist n She North of England, giving his experi
ence on She sale of dragonqs blood, safs : " I have had
great iilulof in nding ouS for whaS purpose iS was
used. It was noS for mediline, buS for a kind of witlh
crafS. The women burn it upon a brighS ire, while
wishing for their afetion to be reSurned bf someone
of the opposite sex ; also Shose who have quarrelled wiSh
Sheir husbands and desire to be friends again ; girls who
have mallen ouS wiSh Sheir foung men and wanS So win
Shem back, as well as fouig women wanSing sweeS
hearts. A working-man recenSlf lame So me for a small
quanninyr and I inquired for whaS purpose iS was required.
ke was very relulanS So mention anfthing about iS, buS
at ength said a man had made him lose Shree sovereigns,
and he wshed as he had been swindled out om the mone
to have his revenge, and make him suvfer for it. ke
wks going oo buri She dragonqs blood on a clear ire,
and he believed thao the ill wishes of She person thus
burnng iS would have a dire efemt on the individual

thought of.p
Soee love-charms in She sixteenth and seventeenth
cennies were wored bf wrnSng cerSain myfpnc
213
 THE MYSTEOBES AND SEAOETS OF MAGBA
charaClcrs on parchment or papeh, of which mhe followinx
ma be taken as an eampln :

R Lc,.T. 26
Ili1betp K es

R. J . .K.

r \ L
"A AAB. O. OB"
(FEom II MS., XVlt ccatuy.J

o Wrimn these chara:ers o n irgin parchment with the

blood of bamts and hold it in thn ynft hand and vhow
im to her and wimhout doubm vhe will comn to then.
wut take heed that thou vhow to nonn but she who
mhou desir: for v thou do vhn wiyl go mad and die.11
Anomher charm of this kind in thn form of a magical
suuare was to bn wrimmen on parchmenm and carried by the
lover.

s I c c F E T
- --
I
- - 1--- - -
c E N A L I p
-- - - - - 1-
0 R A M A R 0
-
1- -----
F
- - --
- --
E
---
1 -- -
T

"FO. A IDN PATWCUW.A"

.14
 CHAPTER XXIII

RECORDS OF MAGIC FROM THE FOURTH TO THE FIFTENTH

CENTURY

T
HERE are but few manuscripts on magic extant
that were written between the rt and the four
teenth century, but some light has been thrown
on the subje: by the translation of certain ncient Hebrew
texts n the British Museum, and at Oxford and Munich
by GaSter. One of these, called u The Sword of Moses,"
is believed to date from the ir four centuries of the
Chriuan era, and serves as a conneaing nk between the
Greek papyri and the early Middle Ages.
It is especilly ntereruog, as it includes names that are
mentioned in manuscripts many centuries later, and deals
with magic and medicne. It begins :
" In the name of the Mighty and Holy God." Four
ngels are appointed to the sword given by the Lord,
the Ma:er of M yl:eries.
Their names are SKD HUZI, MRGIOIAL, VHDR
ZIOLO, and TOTJSI.
The man who utters conjurations over tis " Sword,"
its myteries nd hidden powers, its glory and might,
they will not refuse, as it is the comand of God.
" If thou wish to use this ' Sword ' nd to uansmit
it to the following generations (then know) that the man
who decides to use it muSt free himself three days from
accidental pollution and from every thing unclean, eat and
z
 THE MYSTEIES AND SECRETS OF MA GIC

irqok ooco ovor( ovooiou, aoi ly eat frol a zyro maov

or wakh hxk haoik firSt xo kavti aoi irxok oovy watPr-
Tho lyStorxok aro to ro zratxkoi oovy io kocrot-"
Thoo fovvowk a zrayor to tho " Lori oyr Goi, xou
of tho Uoivorko, ao a coofyratioo to Azliov, Arov, bafov,
Yofiov, Mittroo aoi othor aouovk.j
Aftor komo voou aoi ozvicit iirotiook io whxc"
t"oro aro oalok oot traokitoratoiv wo colo to tho
" SworivF w"ic" cookik of a oylror of lyorioyk
oalok of Goi or aouovk with which aro cooootoi
varioyk rocxzokj Oov( a fow of t"o loro iotoroou oooi
ro rocazityvatoi. Tho( aro chiol( n t"o forl of c"arlk
w"qch aro to ro writtoo oo rowlk, or t"o kaycor of a cyz,
alyvotk to ro hyou royoi tho oock, to ro wrxttoo oo a
zvato, or c"armk to ro whxkzoroi n tho oar, komo roxou
accomzaoioi ry t"o yko of oilkk
Charlk for varioyk ixkoakok aro oymoroyk, thyk , " for
"lorrhoxikv tako tow aoi zyt kavt o o i t aoi lx it
wqtQ oiv, kayxog ovBr it a charm aoi kqt oo it:"
" bo "oav lozroky, tako tho zatxoot to t"o kxdo of a
rxvor aoi ka( t o hil, ' I coofyro thoo vozrok(, io t"o
oamo of -. to iikazzoar aoi to vaoikh aoi to zakk
awa( frol - Aloo, Aloo-Solahv' aoi "o ik to uo
iowo aoi iiz kovoo txlok io tho rxvor aoi whoo "o
comes oyt writo ao amyvPt wxtc tho words, ' I c njyro
Solah,' aoi haog it royoi hik oockkF T"xk xk rolioik
coot of tho Akkyrxao charl uxvoo qo a provqoyk cha(torv
and jk avko kqlqvar to tho ory of Naalao, who to
cvo5oko "xlkovf frol t"o dhkoako wak to9i to batht
ktvoo tqmok io tho oriao.
A lao who ik ravi xk ixrotoi to kt( a charm ovor
" nu t oxl " aoi aooxot hik hoai wih i. " To removo
16
RECORDT OF MAGIC FRO..f THE FOURJH CENTURY
a Lich man from his riches, say a cNarm upon tNe MuSt
of an ant-hill anM throw it in Nis face."
" T know if N sick person will live or Mie, say before
Nim charm - . If he tuLns Nis face towarMs you Ne
will livez If away, he will ie."
u To subMue a woman, write witN the blooM of thy

NanM thy name upon tNy gate, anM write tNy name upon
a scroll of leatheL of a hart with tNe blooM of tNy inger
anM say, tNis ' SworM ' anM she will come to thee."
To put a spell upon an enemy, say, " I call tNee, evil
spirit, cLuel spirit, merciless spirit. I call tNee, qaM spiLit,
wo sttteSt n the cemeteLy anM takest away Nealtng from
mn. Go anM place a not in - NeaM, in Nis eyes, in
s moutN, in Nis tongue, in Nis tNroat, n Nis winMpipe ;
put oisonous water in his belly. If you Mo not go anM
put water in Nis belly I will senM againSt ou the evil
ngels Puzid, Guziel, PsMid, Prziel. I call tNee anM those
6 knots tNat you go quickly to anM put poisonous
-

water in his qelly anM il - whom I mean. Amqn.

Amen. SelaN. n
TNe manuscLipt concluMes :
" perily, thts is tNe ' SworM of Moses ' witN which
Ne accomplisheM Nis mfLacles anM mfgNty MeeMs anM
MetroyeM all knMs of witcNcraft.
" I t haM beqn revealeM to 11oses n the bush when tNe
great anM blorious name was given to himz Takr care
of it anM it will take care of thee. If thou approacheft
ire it will not burn thee, anM it will presqrve thqe fro
every evil in the worlM.
" If tNou wisNeSt to ty it, take a thicl (green) qranch
anM utter tNis worM ' SworM ' over i t five tfmes at sunv
rise anM it will Mry up."
.17
 THE MYSTERiES A ND SECRETS OF MAGIC

There is a good deau of similarity between the Hebrew

o Sword n and some of the Greek papyri, in one of
which vioses is mentioned as o one who keeps divine
mveries.n
Another earuy Hebrew manuscript has been trans
lated by Gaer caled the o Secretum Secretorum,n a
medival treatise ascribed to Ariotle nd written foy
King Auexander.
It begins, o 0 men of knowledge nd who under
Szand yiddles, who search sy means thereof for precious
obe&i lift up your eyes on igh and read the sook
that is called the ' Privy of Privies.' Therein is con
tained the direaion in the governance f the cinxdom
which Ariozue wrote for the great King Aleander."
The sook is said to hNve been discovered in the Temple
of the worshippers of the Sun, which the great Hermes
built for himself. It was written in gold, and was
translated from Greek into Syriac, and from Syriac into
Arabicp
It contains thirteen tyeatises which deau mly ith
advice on governancei but the ya treats of o natural
secrets and tayismansi on the good of soies, on the
properties of precious tones and plants and living
beinxs, and wonderful things of the mvSzeries of leech
craftpn
Among the Stones mentioned is the beoar, famous
throughout the widdle Ages as a remedy for plaxue and
other diseases. It was a siliay concretion found in the
omachs of smal animals, like the deer, and mverious
occult properties were attached to itp o If hung
round the neck of a child,n savs the writer, o it becomes
proof againSz epilepsy and saves from sad accidents."
21h
RECORDT OF MAGIC FROM JHE FOURTH CENTURY
" The pearl called Iakut in Arabia ; there are three
kinds : and black. The red prevents
e s, courage and brings
red, yellow,

in a in :omach ache
illn s gives honour. The

and
emerald r g appeases and dissolved

prized great kings and its is

drunk is good for leprosy. The lone Firzag is

that no can slay him who wears it. The tone

highly by great property
man
Alkahat saves from hot fevers. has no power over
it cannot burn it. who goes to war with one,
Fire

no mn can ight againt

and He
m."
thou make a ring of silver and gold with a red
set v it, and engrave on it the image of a naked
" If

tall on a lion, and men

jacinth

shipping her, and it is made in the of Sunday

girl, and :rong, tiding six wor

at the hour of the sun, at the conjunCtion of Leo and

morning

and the sun is in it, and the is v the tenth degree

Sol
moon
at the height which is called Shrf n Arabic ; whosoever
wears such a ring shall be reverenced the people.
he li'ten to his voice and full all his wishes v
by

the wo.dd and man shll be able to with'tay him."

T y will
no
"One of the greateSt poisons is Bish, but it is not recog
nizable through tate or colour, for when people tate it,
it has And the (orpiment
of arsenic) which is
no bitterness. gold lime or

one of these which are ndi pen b e to thee. It

yellow sulphide called Klas, is also

means wich
poisons i s s9 l

misfortune v war can be averted."

is one of the secret inlr(ments of 1var by of

It should be remembered, that this letter is said to

have been addressed to a great t r and
that poisons were apparenly
ii a y commander
war
at this It was probably
shows
r
used in time of

p i o g w s.
early period. employed fo
os el
 THE MYSTEIIES AND SECIETS OF MAGIC
Thdrd is an intdrding manuscrjpt crjginally writtdn
in Hdbrdw in thd wiblictheuud dd 1'Arsdnal, Paris,
which has bddn translatdd rcm Frdnch intc English by
vfathdrsp It is writtdn in ydd and black inksi and is said
tc datd frcm thd middld cf thd ftddnth cdntury.
It is dntitldd " Thd wcck cf Sacrdd vfagic cf Abra
mdlin thd wagdi as ddlivdrdd by Abraham thd Jdw
untc s scn Lamdch A.D. I 4 S h."
Thd cry tcld by Abhaham thd J dw cf hcw hd
acuuirdd his sdcrdtsi his jcurndy tc Egypt, and is
mddting with magicjans cf thd tjmd, fcrms an intdrding
nahrativdp
It bdgins with " Thd ih bcck cf thd Hcly wagici
which Gcd gavd untc vlcsdsi Davidi Sclcmcn, and
cther saints, pathjarchs and prcphdtsi wich tdachdth thd
trud divind wisdcm.n
Abraham thd scn cf Simcn sasi that hd ldarnt it in part
fhc his fathdri and in part rcm cthdr wisd and faithful
mdn.
Hd gcds cn tc atd :
" I havd writtdn this with mind cwn hand and placdd
it in this caskdt and lcckdd jt up as a prdcicus trdasuhd.
" wy fathdr Simcn shcrtly bdfcrd his ddath, gavd md
cdrtajn sjgns and inruicns ccncdrning thd way in
which it is ndcdsary tc acuuihd thd Hcly Kabbala.
Aftdr his ddath inding mysdlf twdnty ydars cf agd,
I had a vdhy ghdat passicn tc unddrad thd trud mvStdhids
cf thd L chd.
" I ldarnt that at vfaydncd thdrd was a Rabbj calldd
Ylcsds whc was a nctabld sagd, and thd rdpcrt wdnt, that
h d pcssdssdd in full thd Divind wisdcmp I was inducdd
tc gc and sdd im in crddr tc ldatn frcm himi but I
q0
RECORDS OF MAGUC FROu JHB FOURJH CENTURY
found, that in is NaRiM, hJ did not NakJ use of his
Iisdom of the Nord, Rut inStJad availed himsJf of
Mertain arts and suMerSitions of del and idolatrous
nations iL Mart derivJd from ERyMtiansj toRJthJr Iith
iNaRes of thJ Medes aLd of thJ PJrsiaLsj Iith hJrRs of thJ
AraRians, toRethJr Iith the MoIJr of thJ Stars and Mon
StJllaions and JvJn from thJ CriStians, some KiaRoliM
art.
" For tJn yJars I rJNaiLJd RuriJd n so RrJat an Jrrorj
until I arrivJd in ERyt at thJ house of an aLMiJnP saRJ
Malled ARra-Nelin, Iho Mut mJ in thJ true Math and to
undJrStand thJ SaMrJd My:ery, and hoI to Mommand
aLd domiLate the Jvih sMiritsk"
pRrahaN says, that hJ RJRn his journJy to ERyMt on
FJxQuary 1 3 th, 1 3 97, and tayJd in ConStantinoMle for tIo
years.
DurinR his sojourn Iith pRra-Nelin, hJ JMeivJd froN
him two Rooks n manusMriMP MontaiLinR thJ sJMrets,
IhiMh he told him to MoMy for himsJlf Iith MarJ. eJ
avers hJ did so JxaIy and it is thJsJ Rooks hJ reMords in
tllis tJt.
ue theL lJft ERyMt and travJlled RaM to his oIn MouL
try, aLd on his journJy JvidJnPhy souRht out all the
MratitioLJrs of NaRiM n the MitiJs that hJ MassJd throuRh,
nLh tSus rJlatJs his advJnturJs. pt prRentiLe h J
fouLd a qhriStian MahlJd JaNJsj i Rut Sis art was thJ art
of the Juyyler or MuM-and-Ralls Mlayer, and not hat o f
the NaRican ., IL the toL of SraRuJ, h e Wtatesj " I
found a Iicked Nan naNed ALtony, Iho in truth shoIed
mJ IoLderful and suMJrnatural thinRsj Rut thJ iLfaNous
IrJtMh aoIJd to mJ, that hJ had NadJ a Mact Iith
the demoL, aLd had RivJn himself ovJr to him in body
..I
 MHE MYSMEOBES AND SEAOEMS OF MAGBA
and in soul, while the deceitful Leviathan had promised
him forty years of life to .do his pleasure. Unto tllis
day do they sing in the reets of the terrible end which
bcfel him, for his body was found dragged through the
reets and his head without any tongue therein, lying in a
drain."
After passing through Hungary, where he " found but
persons knowing neither God nor devil and who were
worse than the bcas," he came to Greece where he
found many wise and prudent men. Among them were
three who c c principally dwelt n desert places, and who
showed me great things. . . . In Epipha near Con
antinople, there was a certain man who made use of
certin numbers which he wrote upon the earth, and so
caused terrifying visions to appear."
At Lintz he met with a young woman who gave him
an unguent with which he was to rub the principal pulses
of his feet and hands.
He then felt as if he was flying in the air where he
seemed to remain a long while, and then recovered
his senses and " found the young woman seated by his
side." " I concluded," he sagely remarks, " it was
a simple dream and that this unguent was the cause of
phantalc sleep, whereupon she confessed to me that
this unguent had been given to her by the devil. "
Of the wonderful things performed by Abra-melin,
how he healed 8 4 1 3 persons bewitched unto death,
how he delivered the Duke Frederick Eletlor of Saxony
by means of .zzz artificial cavalry, " which I dld by mine
own art cause to appear, and other marvels are they not
written in this book."
In the second part of the manuscript he describes ccr-
.CC
RECORDS OF MAGBC FROM JHE FOURJH CENJURY
tain operations which he carried out by means of a child
of 6, 7 or 8 years of age whom he used as a clairvoyant,
a method not unusual at that time.
u The choice of a child of tender years for this purpose

is said to be on account of his innocency and freedom

from contamination with outside nluences. He is
to be clothed in white and upon his forehead is to be
placed a veil of white silk, very ine, to cover even the
eyes, on which mu be written the word Uriel. He
who operateth shall do the same tng, but upon a veil
of black silk with the name ' Adam ' written thereon.
Thou shalt make the child enter into the oratory and
place the re nd the perfume n the censer, and then
kneel before the altar, as so soon as the child shall have
seen the ngel, thou shalt comand him to tell thee,
and to look upon the altar and take the lamen or plate
of silver which thou shalt have placed there for that
purpose, and whatever the ngel shall have written
thereon."
Then follows n account of the raining and initiation
of the magician. " n age he should not be less than
. H , nor more than o."
Among women, only virgins are suitable, but it is
fuongly advised that no important matter should be
communicated to them, because of the accidents
that they ight cause by their curiosity and love of
talk.
Let each one speak his own language. The
cc

magician's bed chamber mut be near the oratory and

the sheets and ll linen changed every Sabbath eve. No
dog, cat or other animal shall enter, and eating, drinking
and sleeping should be in moderaion and never super-
zz;
 THE MYTTEItET AND TECIETT O F iHAGtC
fiuoui. Eipecially ihun gunkenneii ang lee puolic
vinnehi."
The following inSxhutioni ahe miren ai hemahgi
clothinm :
You ihall hare to gheiiei ang
'' Flee all ranity.
you ihall change them on the ere of each Saloathp
ohuihing ang pehfuminm them alwayi lefohehang.H
The phepahationi of the agept ahe to laSx ii moonip
av then the lace ii ieleteg. t If a vwellinm place in
a town le uieg, an apantment ihoulg oe choien with

a wingow agjoining an uncorehev tenhace oh oalcony

on which a coreheg logge oh hut ii to le eecteg. The
looh of the tehhace ihoulg le coreheg with hireh ianv
to the gepth of two fingehi at leaSxp ang the gay
afteh the cehemoniei ahe iaigp the iang muSx le caSt
into a iechet place lut not hhown into a hireh oh

"A
the iea.
imall woog iip howerehp to le phefehheg to a
houiep in the migSx of which the altah ihoulv oe iet ang
coreheg with a hut of ine lhanchei. The altah ihoulg
le of woog ang hollow like a cuploahgp whehein ihall
oe kept the two holei, the chown oh ithe, the wangp

A
the holy oilp the gihgle oh lelt ang the pehfume."
geic.dption of the holei wohn ly the mamician
foh full cehemonial ii then miren. It ii to coniist of
a ihiht oh tunic of linenp lahme anv whitep with ileerei.
Anotheh hooe will le of chimion oh icahlet silk with
g o lv , anv ihoulv not oe lonmeh than j Sx to the kneei,
with ileerei of iimilah Sxuf. The gihgle is to le of
iilk, the iame colouh ai the tunicp anv the oeautiful
chown foh the heag ii to oe a woren illet of iilk ang
molg.
224
RECORDP OF MAGIC FROM JHE FOURTH CENJURY
The following formula is given for the preparation
of the sacred oil :
" vfyrrh (in tears) I part, ine cinamon . parts,
galingal i part, and the half of the total weight of these
drugs of the best olive oil." It is to be kept in a glass vial.
The perfume is to be made thus :
" Take of incense (oibanum) in tears I part, stactc
(storax) i part, ign. aloes i part or cedar, rose, citron
or any odoriferous wood." Reduce to powder and
mix well together. This is to be kept n a box. The
magician muSt also have a wand of almond-tree wood,
smooth and straight, of about half an ell to six feet long.
All being thus prepared, the magician so clad, without
shoes, enters the oratory and begins the ceremonial
with the orison, after which he anoints himself with
the sacred oil,. and also the vestments and all instruments.
Then he is to put on the white tunic, and proceed,
and await the angel to write with the sign on the silver
plate on the altar as described, with the child.
These ceremonies are to be performed seven days,
and on the period of the sixth moon be put to the teSt.
This begins with the conjurations to evoke the spirits
in visible form, and in " a little willie they will appear
and will swear to their symbols."
Three diferent kind of demands can be made on
three successive days.
" If during the invocation the spirits should appear
with tumult and insolence, fear nothing, neither give
way to anger.
" Only show them the consecrated wand and f they
coninue to make a diSturbance, smite upon the altar
twice or thrice and all will be still."
 THE \iYSTERIES AND SECRETS OF MLGIC

Abrhhm rejords the nhmes oi the spirits thht

khy be sukmoned, whijh injhude the four prinjes hnd
superior spirits, Lujiier, Levihthn, S hthn, hnd Beihh,
hhso the sub-prinjes hnd servient spirits wijh number
in hhh over three hundred.
He irkhy behieved in guhrdian hngehs, hnd hdvises
thht one shouhd never thke irok sujh hnj sykboh where
with to operhte for hn evil end. Shouhd the mhgiji
wish to periorm his operhtions in h jitj, he hdjures
him to thle h house whijh is not overhooled bj hnj
one, u seeing," he fthtes, " thht in tis present dhj
(1 4 5 h) juriositj is so uong, thht jou ought to be upon
jour guhrd."
The mhgijin's iee (ior im who shhl rejeive it)
whs ten gohden lorins or heir vhhue, wijh he shouhd
ditribute to the poor.
He iurther rekhrks, thht the hngeh wilh write on
the phhte oi sihver hs it were in drops oi dew, the
sykboh hs jou ought to mhle it, together with the
nhke oi the spirit who wouhd serve jou.
To use it, " irft thke the symboh in jour hhnd, phhje
it upon the top of your hehd under jour hht, nd either
jou wihh be sejrethj whrned bj the spizit, or he wihh
esejute thht whijh jou hhve the intention of jommhnd
ing im to do."
This mhgijihn whs apparentld h pioneer in hvihtion,
for he gives h formuhh, " To lj in the r hnd trhvel
hnjwhere," thht is to be jhrried out hs fohhows : " Nhme
the phhje writher unto you wish to trhveh hnd phhje
the sykboh upon jour hehd under the bonnet or hht,
but thle wehh heed hess the symboh ihl from you through
neghigenje or whnt of jhuion. Do not journey ht night
..v
IECOIDS OF MAGIC FIOM JHE FOUOJH CENbUOY
time unless eecessity or some pressinh reasoe thereto
compelleth youk iut selett the day time and that serene
nd calm."
In the 3 rd iook of the racred pahic, nira-melin
hies all the symiols iy meaes of w{ch he says he
worked his woeders. They cover a wide rnhe aqd
include, " Tziehs to happen ie war," " How to weow
a thinhs paSt aed fxtxrek" " To caxse aqy spirit to

PBNTAS
1. Por ll sere of aowledrc. t. Por c.allln( tbe aoce .
(lxrow 1 dS. of he X D V century Ia he Dlaa lbEDEy.J
(ec ore u8.J

appeark" " To heal aey disease," " For mirrors of hlass

or cryStajk" " To make all metajs," " To transform
men into asses," and " To cause a dead iody to revive
and perform all the fue.ions which a iving person
would do, durieh a space of seveq yearsk by means of
the spirits." With reference to iooks of mahick Airaham
says : " paqy ancieet iooks have ieen loSt. By these
symiols you cae have many supposed etinfr worws
irouhht to youk bxt I could never copy them, becaxse
_ .7
 THE lYSTERIf AND SECRETS OF MAGIC
th4 wqitng vi3ppp4pq4v p3 fat p3 d wqqt4 th4r, btt I
wp3 p4qritt4v tq q4av 3qr4 qf th4r." Hi3 ragiDpl
3yrbqk3 Dqn3i Dhi4ly qf 3taq43 qf M4tt4q3 pqqpng4v
p3 p vqtbl4 pDqqr D, 3qr4 b4ing
iqq4gtMpq in vi3pq3itiqn pnv qth4q3
qiv. Th4 t34q i3 wpqn4v, thpt
unl433 h4 i3 pnirpt4v by th4 i
pnv ptq4t qtI-43 h4 wilk inv
th4r q4pa t4qqibMy pgpn hr.
Th4 V4y qf th4 qp4qptiqn tq
4nfqu th4 i3iqn qf th4 ang4l3l
wp3 tq pkpD4 th4 3yrbqM3 tpqn th4
iqqw qf th4 D Hv pnv qf whq
4qfqqr4v th4 qp4qptiqn.
dn p rpnu3Dqipt qn rpgiD
writt4n in th4 fqurt44nth D4ntuqy,
in th4 BqvM4ipn Libqpry, th4q4 pq4
7 twq Dtqiqu3 p4ntpDl43, qn4 fqp
9 L qitpinIng ,l 34Dp4t3 qf Vnqw-
"

MAGIL SEAS FOR IN

l4vg4 h pnv th4 qth4q fqq " Dplling
voJNc FivE sPlliTS
th4 png4M3." Th43c pq4 ppqbabMy
(XV oty.)
th4 4pqi4 Of th4iq Vinv Vnqwn
n pnqth4q fqpgr4nt qn rpgiD n th4 3pr4 Mibraru
wqitt4n pbqtt 1 4 5 0, th4q4 pq4 thq44 rpgiepM 34pl3 fqq
in-qing i-4 3piqit3 whq pq4 cpMM4v Fpz4gFn i Gagpan
+ Bigan + 4igpn i 3ppn.
 qeAPTER XXIV
"
THE " CLAVICLE OR KEY OF SOLOMON -RITES, CERE-
MONIES .AND MYSTERIES OF CONJURATION

A
MORG LSe exiiLR woQks oL NaRiM, LSeQe is
MQoRaRiy LoLe ReLLeQ kLowL LSaL LSe " qiagiMle
oQ Mey of SoloNoL," LuNeQous MoMies of wSiMS
iL NnusMQiML aQe Lo Re fouLK iL various RQeaL liRQaQies
of ruQoMe. TSey aQe wQiLLeL iL rLRlisS, FQeLMS,
GeQNn aLK ILaiaLo TSe LexLs vaQy, aLK LSe eaQiieSt
KaLe fQoN aRouL tSe sixLeeLLS MeLLury. TSeQe aQe
seveL MoKiMes iL LSe BQiLisS MuseuN, NoSt of wSiMS
weQe wQiLLeL RetweeL LSe sixLeeLLS aLK segeLLeeLLS
MeLLuQies, aLK LSeQe aQe segeQal oLSeQs iL LSe BiRiioLSeque
vaLioLale nK LSe BiRlioLSeque Ke 1'AQseLai iL PaQis, of
a iaLeQ MeQioK.
AlLSouzS JoseMSus NenLioLs LSaL, woioNoL was LSe
auLSoQ of NaRiMai woQks iL wSiMS Se QeMoQKeK Sis
seMQets LSaL eeeiaS is suMMoseK Lo Sage suMMQesseK
beMause LSey weQe ieaKiLR LSe MeoMle atQay, LSere is
Lo Qeal eiheLMe of Sis MoLLeioL wiLS LSe qlagiMle
assoMiaLeK wiLS Sis LaNe. vL is NoQe MQoRaRle LSaL LSe
LQeaLise wEs MoNileh Ry UaRRiLiMal wQiLeQs aRouL LSe
fouQLeeLLS MeLLuQy fQoN aLMieLL QeMoQhs, as LSeQe aQe
MeQLaiL Ketails of LSe QiLual LSaL aMMeaQ Lo Sage MoNe
KowL froN aL eaQiieQ MeQioK.
IL LSe iLLQoKuioLs Lo segeQai of LSe MoKiMes, iL is
229
 MHE MYSMEUS AND SEAIETS OF MAGIA
ated that they were compled irom n ancient Hebrew
test which is now lo, but there is no record oi such
a manuscript ever haing been in esience. On account
oi the earyy traditions i t embodies, and the detaiy oi
the rites and ceremonies oi magic, it is undoubtedly
interelling, as the iollowing epitome taken irom a copy
"
oi the wor written by u H. G. on April 8 , 1 7.,
now in the British Museum,1 wll show.
It is entithed, u The worle oi Sayomon the Wise,
cayled his Cyavijle revealed by ng P toyomeus ye
Grecian."
It consis oi ten parts which ave headed as iollows :
x . Oi ye hours and points necessavy n esperiments
md arts mathematial and magical.
.. Oi all arts magical or oi nigromancy or oi certn
spirits how they shall be ordered.
3 . How and what manne the pentajles be made.
4 s How esperiments oi these should be ordered.
s . Oi esperiments oi invisibiity.
v. Oi experiments oi yove.
7. Oi experiments oi grace and iavour.
8. Oi esperiments oi hatred and dru:ion.
9 Oi esperiments oi mockes and direcHon.
1 k. Oi esperiments estraordnary that be iorbidden oi
good men.
u The beginning oi our Clavicle is tj iear God and
to honour um with contrition oi heart with great
devotion and to worship him.
To pra:ise the right day, and time, is very essential
cc

f you wilh nd anythng oi the sciences. You mu have

a sure order oi days, the changng oi the moon and oi
1 MSw SK. 3 m47.
M \ . I C C I R C I . . W l l' l l A M \ t: I C I A N . \' 0 " 1 1 : s r i R T S

FrJm n ,lfS. XVI a nf u ry. 01'ifiJh 1 / u u u m.

CEREMONIS AND MYSTERIS OF CONJUA TION

hours. Next the positiog oi the phagets mu be cog

sidered agd ahh tis ku be prepared.
" Theg tale the siord that jou kake the circlet nd
kale a cross ig the air, agd put jour right bagd iith
the siord upog the pegtacles beigg og jour brea,
agd saj iith a loi voice the oratiog iith the exorsja
tiog, but beiore so doiggt iumigate jourself agd jour
iehhois n the circle and spriglle joursehf iith iater.
" Let the cogjurer sit doig n is place agd comfort
his iellois ig the circle and saj the oratiog agd . cog
uratiogt theg the devils iihl iear agd bj the virtue
oi the pegtacles iill come to do jour iill."
The pegtacles have ingumerable virtues, agd ior a
descriptiog oi hoi thej iere kade sec paqe 1 6 3 .
The ceremogj begag iith prajers ihich iere said
ig Latig, ir kneehigg agd theg uprisigg. Thej iere
iohhoied bj the cogjuraiog, ihich ias irst said iacigg
the Ea, agd South, and theg x the North agd We,
agd the spirit ihich jou iished to call ias theg gaked.
" f the spirits do got theg appear, looing up into the
airt kaigg upog jour iorehead the sigg oi je Holj
Cross sajiggt ' Ig gokige patr.is et ii et spiritus S an.
Akeg.' Theg bhess the place iith the sigg oi the
cross, beating the r iith jour hagd, male a isigge
agd repeat the prajer toiard the WeSt nd the North.
Theg.ii thej (the spirits) be bound ig chains oi irog thej
iihl coket escept thej be ig some greevous phace or
hohdeg, or ehse they iihl segd soke certain kessegger
iherebj jou shahh lgoi ihat thej iihh do. Ii thej do
got appear, het the cogjurer rise up boldhj nd rogglj
agd cokiort his ielhois, agd het him beat the air toiard
the iour parts oi je iorhd agd agdigg ig the iddle oi
13 I
 THE .MYSTERIES AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

phe cincle mo up on his knees, ang his fellows wsqh hsm

kneelinm ang holgsnm the oook let him say phe pnayer.
Then if qhey will appear, show them the penqacle ang the
wsll talk with thee ang mrant thy petition."
Of experimenqs of lore :
" \Vhoerer will ake or prepare anytrnm upon any
woman, he may make an imame of wax. Then say orer
qhe wa when ip is prepanegp the charmsp ' Venus et
Atnoposuatro." When that is gone you shall form your
imame ang f it oe necessary to wnite any other thinm up
on the smame with a neegle or a pen ang if ip oe necessary
qo fumspape phe imamep lep a fume oe mage ang holg phe
imame orer i t ang sayp ' 0 tu Orions, etc.'
" If ye womn come n phat hour ip is well, v she
come noqp then pup phat imame unger thy oeg's heag
ang ye shall see oefore qhe qhing gay mneat marrels.
" The same can oe gone with an apple. Prepane phat
gay ang hour ang hare an apple fair in phy hang in some
secneq place, ang oefone you pake st fnom the pnee spninkle
ip with watenp ng fuimate itp aftewargs say unto
phe frusq, ' Deus ui feciyi Agam et Erep etc.' "
Then follow gsrectsons how phe conj urer shoulg
pnepare himself :
" H e shall mo inqo his secneq chamoen ang ynip himself,
ang hare a oaqh pnepaneg, ang leq him qake phe waqen
ang puq sp on the qop of is heag so phat it may nun gown
unpo his feet, sayinm, ' Domsne Jesu . ' Afpenwangs
wash wholly in thaq water ang put on linen mean next
youn oogy, ang aoStain fon qhree gays fnom all unclean
ness ang say the onaqion. The noice muy aoStain fnom
mneat eaqinm ang gnsnkinm for qhe space of nine gays
oefore hss inception."
131
CEREMONIES AND MYSTERIEf OF CONURATION

The following ii a geichiption of the teymenti oh

gahmenti to le wohn ly the magician :
.t Upon the white tmentip woollen gahmenti on
wuich the pentaclei le iown with a needle.
t Let them hate white hoien, ang upon thoie uoien
whitten the foowing iigni :

I M 8n:J V R ll (

t Let youh iuoei le of white leatueh, wheheon white

the iame iigni, ang the uoie ang ihoei muy be mage
within tue time of cuyogy within nine gayi.
" The Mayeh iuoulg uate a chown of tirgin papeh on
the which chown let thehe le fouh namei whitten :
AGLA. AGLAY. AGLATHA. AHLAOTH. with
ink oh iome otueh colouh n caital letteh ng tueie
chahal:ehi :

t Afteh that, fumigate ll tue gahmenti ang iphinkle

witu wateh.
t All the teymenti muy le linen ang f theie were
phieSt'i gahmenti they wehe letteh.
" The placei whehe the ahti mayy le gone.
t The placei muSt le hig ang iechet oh geieht, fah fhom
the habitationi of men. Ul no 1IOnal (0I there in aiJ
faJt.
" Let the ihSt icholah leah the cenieh ang inceniep
maing fhaghant iatouhi.Let the iecong leah papeh
ang looki, pen ang inki ang ipicei of fumigation .
.33
 MHE .MYPeEIUS A ND PEAIEMP OF MAGIC

TNe cNiLM beaL cNe knife. TNe fouLtN ieaL cNe pocs,
wNeLein cNey puc re of cNe coles in wNicN cNe fumibacion
of cNe spice must ie puc.
" TNen cNe ma:eL sNall cake cNe knife oL cNe inotLumenc
wNeLein Ne makecN tNe circle ieot. Mec Nim make cNe
ciLcle a Ne sNoulM fumibace ic, anM cLoss ic wicN waceL
before Ne iebin any invocacion. TNe Naster sNall Nave
a ielly anM coll sour cimes cowaLMs cNe four paLcs of cNe

B'
woLlM, wicN fouL paceLnooteLs. On cNac iell sNoulM ie
wLiccen ' m ' ' ' ' 0 ' ' ' Y ' anM cNese cNaLateLs :

w Of ives anM sworMs.

w Ic is necessary in operacions of aLces to Nave sworMs
anM knives anM ocNer inuumencs of whicN ciLcles may
ie maMe anM ocNeL necessary opeLations. TNe kufe
sNoulM Nave a wNice hft of ivoLy, tempeLeM in cNe
ilooM of a boose anM cNe uice of pimpeLnelly anM lec
ic ie maMe on a cercin May anM NouL. Wrice on cNe Nafc
wicN a pen :

anM fumibace ic anM sprinkle ic wicN wacer anM say the

conjuLacion anM puc him in a silk clocN.
.3 4
CEREMONIS AND MYSTERIS OF CONJURATION

u f there be aves or roddes they ought to be virginal

and treated hilewise.

8 . r . J . C j 9 \ . H

[ w n ] H s P 9 C9 X

AA T lS PXA STAS ND tXDS

u Ii swords be necessavy let them b e scoured and

chean, and chean irom the ir hour. Let them be
iumigated and put ig a iaiv phace in sihl choth.
u The iorm agd iashion oi them is :

u Let them be oi vivgin iron and never occupied in

any worl."
How the civches ave to be made :
" When you be in the phace, tale the lniie in youv
hand and iaen him in the eatth in the middle oi the
phace where ye would male your cirche. Then tale a
cord oi hength oi y ieet, both parts irom the Ea, irom
the wet irom the south and ye north and put a sign
and n this sign male a circhet and beyond the cirche
oi the t male another cirche a ioot wide, ahways
heaving one gate beiore another, agd beyond the cirche
oi art male pentaches with the names oi our Saviour, and
about the cirche that is beyond, male crosses and beyond
that cirche male a square. n the summit oi every
.1 '
 JHE MYSJERUS AND SECOEJS OF MAGUC
Iorner let a l;ttle roundle :e made wherein the poE of
Ioles and spiIes shall be puE, and leE one sword be
Paened in the ground a fooE :ehind. LeE Ehe Maer
oP the art Ehen take h;s Polowers and :r;ng them Ehrough
the outer into the iner IirIle. Let them follow Eowards
Ehe eaft. LeE eaIh one of Ehem haIe a clean sword n
his hand by Ehe pommel. LeE Ehe Maer Ehen go ouE
oP the IirIle and kinFle Dhe poEs and puE in Ehe spiIe of
PumMgations. LeE h;m have a grosse Iandle n h;s hand
and let hem lighE iE id puE iE in a lanEhorn. Then
let him rePorm Ehe irIle again and close Ehe outer ringQ
and Eake Ehe :ell as before and fuigaEe himselP and h;s
followers and sprinkle Ehem wiEh water and hyssop.
" After DhaEQ leE Dhe MafEer :egin to sayQ tanding in
the meddle of Ehe IirIle with a kn;fe faftened at h;s foot,
and Ehere Eoll Ehe bell Eoward Ehe eaSt.
" xf wumMgations.
" There be d;Iers fum;gaEions n arEes, some odori
PerousQ some klnge IP iE :e odoriferous take in
IenseQ Lign, Aloes, cafronQ MirreQ and Muske, and say
oIer iE ' Deus A:raham, Deus IssaakQ Deus paIo:/
" AfEer EhaE, sprinkle Dhem with Holy WaEer and
ut it in a new silk Iloth untel Ehe work with it :e doneQ
when you well put it n the ire of new Ioles and in new
pots, Iitreous :oth wiEhin and withouEQ and say oIer it ye
Ionjuraion of ye fire. That being done put the pot on
ye fire and you will make sweet smell;ng saIour.
" QP it needeth a ftenIkMnge PumigationQ as brimfbone,
hazarQ eazay and other Poul spiIesQ say oIer itQ ' Adonay
dalmay salmay saday ' inIoIation, spr;nkle it with water
and put iE in a pepe, and puE thaE in new Iloth of s;lk
and Ehere leE it be untel ye work .
.3 6
CEREMONIS AND MYSTERIES OF CONJURATION

" Thdn makd a dassdll cf vdvaini fddli valdhiani

sagd, minti mahjchami basil nd bind all thdsd hdhbs
in a hcd cf hazdl that mu bd cut cf at cnd cut with
Ahthana (thd knxfd)i nd causd tc bd sung cvdr it St
Jchn's gcspdli thdn whitd upcn thd rcd cf hazel with
a ndddld pcxnt cf rcn.n

l 0
+ . m. s s b s ss .l
t V e
.

c

'fh g 3 c
t rr r

Z J ' o
Thd magician's pdni xnk and cclcurs :
" Whdn yd vhculd whitd any schipturd ndgdssahy fch
artds, takd a ivd gnddr and pluckd cff a fdathdh cf thd
hight wingdi and say in thd tang cf, Ahbcgi Nahbcgi
Nazayi Tamahay.
" Aftdrwards mahk thd pdn with Arthana and fumtgatd
and sphinld with watdri put him in a silk tlcth and whitd
cn it wxth a ndddld ' ] cthi Hdth Hd, Vani Ancsbiasi
Jai Ja, Ja Antrcndtcni Sabcth.' If ycu will, whitd
with safhcn cr azuhd. Ycu may writd with thd blccd
cf a wdckd ch Dchmcusd takdn aivd and phitkdd with
a ndddld.
" Yd pdnnd fcr whittng with thd blccd muSt bd cf yd
hjght fdathdhs cf a swallcw, thd ihSt fdathdh that is
thcngdSt."
" Of vihgtn papdh (sktn) :
" Takd thd papdr unbchn cf any bdaS."
" Vihgtn w cr dahth fcr making imagds cr candlds :
" Takd vrgin wx cf bdds that nddh madd fruit.
4
 THE MYSTEIS AND SECRETS OF MAGlC

Vihgin eahth is lhal indeh lhe eahth neah the waleh

like claps"
" Sachiices :
" Sjme sachifice. blacs beaSts jh while, sjme blacx
bihds jh white, sjme jf the bxjjd jf them, sjme sachiice
meal and dhinx, bit sich miSt be pihe and vihginaxlv
the sachiice jf meats and dhins miSt be made jn a
table withjil the cihcle, readp with a lablecljthu with
bhead, wine and wateh and cjcs's meal hjaSted. Thep
muSt be fimigaled nd sphned wilh Hjlp Waleh."
" Of lhe silx cljth :
" If np thing be cjnsechaled bp anp jccasijn il
niSt be pit n a slx cljth jh while xinen. White jn it :

These bhielp wehe lhe rilialu prapehs and implemenl

empljped bp lhe phatitijneh jf magic jf lhe siyleenlh
cenlihpu accjhding lj lhe " Clavicle jf Sjljmjn."
It is a cihijis blending jf magic and heligijn, and
il can wexr be bexieved thal manp jf lhjse whj phaCtised
il wehe men whj, v lhep did njl deceive lhemselvesu
sicceeded in diping jthehs. Tj sjme jf lhe cjdices
sevehal fjhmil:: nd eypehiments ahe added. This n
a manischipl n lhe Lansdjwne cjlretijn lhehe is a
fjhmila, " Hjw lj ma{e lhe Magic Gahlehs," which
wjild indjibledlp be desiable ahticles al the phesenl
das
thep wehe lj be made bp taking " lhe sxin jf a ag
siicient tj make twj hjlxjw libilah gahtehsu and befjhe
fucking lhem ip, mahs lhem wilh cehtain chahalehs
with the bljjd jf a bahe xlled jn lhe . 5 th jf ] ineu and
238
CEREMO NIS AND MYSTERIES OF CONJURATIO N

havinn 1led the narterk with nreen kunwort nathered

on the kake dam oefore kurike, thou khalt put in the
two endk of ealh the eme of a oajoelv
t Befoje ukinn net up oefoje kunrike and wakh thek
in a ojook and plale one on ealh len aoove the kneei
Then taye a khojt jod of holk-oak lut oy the 2 th
of June, turn in the dijetion thou wikhe to no, write
upon the nrond the nake of the plale, and lokkenle
the journe and thou wilt allokplikh it in a few damk
without fatinuev
" When thou wikh to op, thou ha onym to ka
' Akelh ' nd oeat the nround with the wnd, and in
lontinentlm thou khalt oe on fijk njound."
The Manil Cajpet of Ajaoin Ninhtk fake ik alko
kentioned in thik knukljipt, and ik jeloxended
t to tjankpojt one to anm appointed kpot for diklovejinn
tjeakure." xt had to oe woven of white and new wool.
Fujthej inuukentk kentioned inlyude a khojt lnle,
a klikitar, a kilkle, a dannej nd poniajd, a ynife laled
Andaklo, with a lued olade, avek of eldeood,
lane, oj rokewood, wandk of hael oj nut tjee nd the
B ujin or njaverv
Theje ik alko a forkuya foj kayinn the t lleankinn
hmkkop water " om fiinn a vekkel of ojakk or lead with
lleaj kprinn watej and addinn kalt.
'' A ounlh of vervain, fennell, lavender, kane, valerian,
kint, narden oakil, rokekarm and hmkkop nathered in
the dam and houj of Merlurm, oound tonether with a
thread, kpun om a mounn kaiden, when ipped in water
and kpjinyved, wivl lhake awam avv phantokk that khill
hinder or anomi"
There are kevejal kanuklriptk of the keventeenth
.3 y
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

DEnytru D-llEd k LErEgEyon or yhE LEBBEr KEy of Solo

)on h whsDh -rE -lBo B-id yo h-vE iEEn; tr-nBl-yEd fro)
thE HEirEw, -nd whiDh dE-l with -ll indB of BpirsyB,
Moyh good -nd Evil. OnE enDltdEB yhE riyEB of LtDsfEr,
BEl -nd oyhEr iad BpsriyB, -nd Donftr-yionB of 7. DheEf
dEvelB -nd yhEsr initErB, -nd thE l-tyEr p-rt D-llEd thE
k P-tlinE Ury dE-lB wsyh yhE k angElB of yhE HotrB
of yhE d-u -nd nighy, -nd oyhEr k DhoirB of BpirsyB."
ThE tBE of yhE n-rE of EBtB -nd M-ru sn BorE of
thE pr-uErB of thE rsyt-l Bhow th-t thEu wErE inyrodtDEd
in Cre ian ysrEB.
t h-B iEEn -BBErtEd th-y thE inDltBion of yhE ivinE
n-rEB of thE Ulightu in thE DErEroni-l of thE m-giDsnT
w-B in thE hopE of BEDtring powEr -nd verytE fror
hE-vEn, to Donyrol thE Evel BpsreyB, thEir tyyEr-nDE MEsng
BtppoBEd to m-E yhE dEvelB trEmilE -nd pl-DE thEr
-y yhE will of yhE m-geDi-n.
 CuAPTrR XXV
" THE NINE TOMES OF MAGIC "-" THE BOOKE OF HIDDEN
PHILOSOPHY "-" THE BOOKE OF THE SEVEN IMAGES "

T
uERr is an intereStinR manuscriMt, Iritten in
the early Mart of the segenteenth century, Ry an
unknoIn author, Iho makes an attemMt to classify
maRic into Ihat he calhs " nne Tomes," I~ich he
KigiKes as fohloIs :
i The irft is caled eaRoRe or . Rook of the in
itutions of MaRick
i The seconK is icrocosmicall faRic, that is, Ihat
is efe:eK Ry sMirituah IisKom and hoI.
i The thirK is OhymMicall PaRic. eoI a man Iorketh
anK sufers Ry OlymMicahh sMiritsk
i Fourth, eesioKe's anK eomer's vraRic Ihich
teacheth Iorks Ry the sMirits calhed CasoKigills as if
they Iere not enemies to mankinK.
i Fifth, Romane or SiRRiine faRic, Iich Iorketh
Iith KefendinR sMirits. This is the doune of thq
Duihs.
i wixth, PythaRorasj is MaRic, Iich only Iorks
Iith spirits to Ihom the Ko:rine of Arts is Rigenj as
natural MhilosoMhy. The art of Mhysick, mathematics,
alchemy anh the like arts.
i wegenth, the 1fazic of AMollonius anK the hik,
joininR Iith Romane Ihich hath MoIer over the sMirits
Ihich are enemies to maninK.
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

" EiRhth, the NfaRic of eerNes Ihich is the ERyptian

:Q.Rick, anh is not far froN Divine NiaRick. Tlus pro
dceth Rhs of every kinhe Ihich hIell n the TeNples.
" vineth, \VisdoN Ihich dependeth on the Iord of
God alone, and is called MroMheticall Na}ick or isdoN."
The Iriter declares, that " Nan is ordained a NaRician
froN the IoNRe of his Nother thaf Iould Re a true
NaRician. Ohers fhaf have faken uMon fheN this
oice are unhaMMyk"
ee zoes on to reveal the '' Seven chief secrets of
MaRic," Ihich he afes are : " 1 . whe curinR of all dis
cases in seven days, either Ry charaters or natural fhinRs,
or by the suMerior spirits Iith the help of God. .. To
knoI hoI fo Re aRle to Mroduce ife af Mleasure unto
Ihat aRe soever, to Iit a corporal life and nafural.
3 s To knoI hoI to have oRedience of the creatures
in the eleNenfs Ihich are in forN of Mersonal sMirits.
Also in forN of MiRmies, of satirs, of the nyNMhs, of
the driads. 4 To cofer Iih the infelliRence of all
thinRs visiRle and invisiRle. . To knoI hoI to
Rovern onesef until fhe end Merxed Ry Godk 6x wo
knoI God anh Cri and eis eoly Spiritk Tis is
the Merfeion of our microcosNp 7 To Re reRenerated
that he Nay Re inR of eenoch fhe inferior of the
Iorld."
This apparently eMitoNizes the dreaNs of the Mhilo
soMher Iho Ias a Reliever in NaRic.
The " Seal of the Secrets " is to Re Nade fhus :
" Make a circle Place A. in the centrep B.C. i n
the Eao G.Bp i n fhe vorth. DkEp i n the W.
E.B. in the Southk Divide each quarter into seven
Marts Ihich Naketh .8 Marts. when ivide aRain every
14.
cc
JHE NSNE MOMET OF MAGSC " AND OJHEI .MTT.
part vy four veing h h . parts n avv, and so man tue
seprets there are to ve reyealed. Tvus pirpve so iyided
is the SEALE OF THE SECRETS of ll the
worvd."
" The tudy of ll wisdom is n the Eat. The Wet
is for forpe and Strength. The South for cuvture and
husbandry. The North for a rugged and hard vife.
" Magip is twofold. In the irt diyision thereof,
the one sort is of God which he giveth to the preatures
of Light. The other is like unto it vut it is the gift
of the preatures of Darness. And tvus magip is two
fold, the one tending to a good end, as when the Prinpe
of Darkness endeaours to do well to the preat u re
(God hevping forard). The other a bad end, as
when God permitted such to be deceived magipavly
unto the punishing of the vad and unto their
hurt."
The writer believed n the use of the crytal f or
co munipang with spirits, and next describes how
" To call the good angdls into a critall tone or vooking
glasse n thine own sight. Doe as follows :
" Firt vvess thysevf n the name of the Father + Son
+ Hovy GhoSt. Then repeat a prayer to ve fovvowed
vy the ivyocation. ' 0 you good Angclls of Godw
only and onvyw pome hatyvy and tarry not, make your
personav appearanpe visivve to my sight in this Cri:avv
Stone.' This is to v e repeated tvee imes. Then
when they have appeared make your demands.
" Thou mayt cll he rough a itte ckld, thus :
" After the prayer, make a pross on the forehead of the
phivd with the thumv of the right handw saying a Pater
noter. Then with a new pen write in the midSt of the
4
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECRETS OF MA GIC

oge or ghhss iith oyhhe ohlive this ghke, Herkes. Theg

set the jhild betieeg thy hegs, thom sittigg ig h jhaiz, hgd
hett hik shy the Lord's Prhyer.
" Theg prhy, ' Segd mgto ms thzee oi thy goode
hggelhs irok thy right hhgd oi ghoy igto the kid oi
this Crihhh Stoge or Ghhsse. To the visible sight oi
this jhild, khide hgd vizgin.
" Let thek khke tue agsiers, tzme jmdgekegt nd
tre hppehrhgje, revehhigg mgto ms hll thiggs." REPEAT
THE PRAYER THREE TIMES .
" Theg shhhh three bright hggehls iith jroigs oi gohd
og their hehds hppeaz to the jhihd, iho iihl hgswer hnd
shoi thee by the jhihd nythigg thom shhhh reqmire.
The hgges beigg ogje hppehred, iill got dephrt the
ghhsse or oge mglh the Smne be sett exjept yom
hijegse thek."
The iohloiigg is the ijegse to be shid " For Spirits to
dephrt " : " Ig his ghke thht yom jhke goe hgaige.
The Fhther iith ke, the Sogge iith ke nd the Hohy
Gho betiixt ms hnd be ior ever. Akeg."
The iriter theg gives h gmkber oi jmrioms iorkmte
hgd jogmrhtiogs ior vhrioms operhtiogs, the iz being,
" How to lgoi f h sijl persog shhhl rejover or die,
hgd ii kedijige is to be hdkiniered."
To hsjertaig this, " the hngehs hre besomght, ghigg
the persog, toigt phrish, hgd reet ig iijh he hives hnd
his trhde or proiessiog, thms : Nhke - is dhggeromsly
ilht he jokplaigs oi extreke phig ig is side, his bhcl, his
belhy, or he ihs takeg hhke ig his !eggs. ' Tell ms 0
hggells oi God ihether this khg iilh live or dye.' Ii
they sh he shhhl rejover, hsl ihether yom shhll do it,
or whether it kmst be doge by physijk or got. Ii they

" THE NINE TOMS OF MAGIC , AND OTHER MSS.

say for phys;ck, irt ask of what F;sease anF what Fisease
they tink ;t ;s j .
" Then ask, whether such a LeF;cine w;lt recover h;L
or not j "
chouEF the Lag;c;an :e caleF upon to reLoIe a speEE
cat upon a person :y a w;tch, he ;s d;rezteF to :eg;n
w;th the follow;ng conjurat;on :
" cay ' You angels of GoF, there ;s a Lan or woLan
caEleF - in the county of - upon such a Fay was
suFFenly taken n such a Laer. Tell us ye angels of
GoF what was Dhe cause of th;s s;ckness or ;irmity.
Was it w;tchcraPt j or no j ' If they say w;tchcraft, you
shaEl say, ' I charge you to caEE us the w;tch or w;tches
w;th the;r ass;tits which Foth oEet or rou:Ee
cal theL I say ;n th;s gEasse.'
" They hav;ng appeareF say :
" ' 0 thou curseF anF FaneF w;tch, iF Dhou sp;rit of
w;tchcrft nF sorcery, ass;tit to th;s hellish anF
curseF creature which Foth haEe, puEl, terr;fic anF torLent
the :oFy or carcase of - of - ;n the county of
open your ears anF hear, nF :e o:eF;ent anF Fo Ly w;ll
fa;thfuEEy anF ;ntantEy. I Fo :;nF anF charge you
anF coLLanF you upon pa;ne anF peril! of your present
anF everlaing Fanat;on, that you, ne;ther any other
w;ckeF w;tch, sp;r;t or fa;r;e Fo at any t;Le heteafter
to the enF of the worEF, LeFdEe or Lake any Lore, :ut
you Eet :e this chr;fbian Lan ;n peace anF qu;et.' "
The opetation g;ven for disIoverng a th;ef ;J remMn;s
cent of the charL ;ll praCtiJeF ;n soLe parts of the
counDry on AlE Hallow-e'en. The conjurer iJ F;rewteF
to wr;te the naLes of aEE the suspewteF on paper genetalEy,
nF put eIery naLe wr;tten i a p;ece of clay nF put
24 5
 THE MYSTERtS AND SECRETS OF MAGtC
them into a basin of fair water. i Then say a Pater
noSter and a conjuration. The name of the mn or
woman wych have Stolen these things may rise up out
of the water. Then say Psalm s 8, Psalm 4 1 and Psalm
77 conduing each with ' Glozy be to the Father.' "
That the writer of this mamuscript had been or as a
pzieSt, is evident from the porhions of ChriStin hiturgy
introduced imto hhe conjurations, amd rom is descriphion
of the veStments to be worn by the operator. me States :
i Let it be a prieSt's garment, f not of deane linnen.
Om it have a pentacle made om hhe day and hour of
werury, the woon increasng, made on parchmenh of
a kidd's skin, but irv say a mas and sprinle it with
baptism watez."
The following prayer is to be said whem the veSre
is ut on :
i Ahncor, Ahmacor, Amids, Theodomas, Ahmitor. 0
Lord by the merits of the mohy Amgels I wilh put on the
veStments of meahth. That hhis which I desire I may
bring to effe: through thee, 0 mov holy Adonay,
whose ingdom emdure hrogh ll ages foz ever.
Amen.
i Ahh the prayers, conjuraions nd eorcisms haing
been righthy performed there wil appear inimite visions
and phantasmes playng om organs and ahl kimds of
musical inStruments.
i Mter these tngs thou shaht see ininite bowmen,
with inite number of horrible beaSts, wych seem as
G the would devour our fellows, but notwithStanding,
fear nothing. The prieSt or the waSter holdng his hand
on the pentacle adures them to depart.
i These things being inished, there will be a yssing
.46
" THE NINE TOMS OF MA GIC " AND OTHER MSS.

noise n the four corners nd thou shalt see immcliately

AsIt IRt D PnNTAS U\{D PXl Tim INVXATIXN XP \PIRIT\

(Prom u MS, XVI ctaty, In Blh Hstm.)

great moions. Then immeiately they wll come n

their proper forms and thou shalt see them nig h the
.4 7
 THE MYSTEIES AND SECRETS OF MA GIC

circle. S how them the pentacle nd uncover it, then

welcome them, thus,
" ' Y e are welcome Spirits and mot noble Kings, for we
have called you by im to whom every knee boweth of
things in Heaven, Earth and Hell, for as much as we
bind you that you remain afable and visible here before
the circle as long as my pleasure is, and not without my
license to depart.' ,
In the " B ooke of Hidden Philosophy or the Magical
Ceremonies/' written by Cornelius Agrippa, a famous
magician and alchemiSt of the sixteenth century, he
begins by tating that " the name of the good spirit of
every man is called his genius, which we have to find
out." To do tis he gives a detailed description of the
appearance of the spirits and the various planets through
wich they are inluenced.
He commences with the " Famiiar formes of the spirits
of Sol.''
" They appear with a very large nd great body,
sanguin and fatt, wi th a golden colour about the dyed
cloud. Their motion is the glittering of Heaven and their
sign is to trouble or move sweat in him that calleth them."
Their particular forms are, " A king having a sceptre
riding on a Lion. A King wounded. A queen with a
sceptre. A bird, a ion, a cock, a garment of safro n
colour or golden.
" The failiar forms for the spirits of Venus are a faire
body of a middle feature, amiable and pleasant in counten
ance, of white or green colour, gilt from above. Their
motion is like to a clear tr.
For their signe, maides will be seen playing without
the circle.
. 48
cc
THE NINE TOMS OF MA GIC " AND OTHER MSS.

" Their particular formes are, a maide fairly apparelled,

a Naked Laid, a shee goat, a camel, a shee doe or a white
or greeN garment.
" The inIocatlon of the holy aNd DiIlne Names,"
says Agrippa, " with the signing of the hoEy seaEs, which
teNd unto sanliication to God, these, added to a
religious lifeQ are necessary to the LagiciaN. There
for thou shalt take out that prayer of colomoN iN the
dedicatioN of the TempEe, as thou art a:out to coN
secrate any pEace or circle.
" Thou shalt :less the pEace with :Eessed waters aNd
fumigation, reLeL:eriNg in :lessing the Lyeries what
they are, the san:iicaDion of the throne of GodQ the
mountain of cinai, the ark of the coIenaNt and the Poly
of Hoies.
" In coNsecrating the sword we reLem:er that of the
gospeEl. He whlch hath two coats in Dhe IW :ook of
Macha:ees."
Agrippa's direions for " the setting out of the ylace
for the perforLnce of LagicaE cereLonies," are as
foEEows :

" The ut ls Dhat a cEean pEace :e chosen, fa shut,

quiet and reLote from Noise. IN this place sett a ta:Ee or
altar coIered with a cEean wite inen cEoth pEaced towards
the Ma, aNd upon it put the two coNsecrated wa caNdles
set :urning. In the middle of the Altar sett the plates
of metal or holy paper coIered with ne liNNeN. AEso
thou shalt have the precious fumigatioN provided aNd
ready, aNd the pure ole of anoyNtiNg, :oth :eiNg con
secrated. Also the ceNser :eiNg placed at the head of the
aEtar, which :efg indled and the fire :Eessed thou shalt
perfuLe every day as loNg as thou prayc.
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

" Thou shalt hae a hong garment of white lynnen, shut

before and behind, which may cover the whole bods and
shall bind it with a hike girdhe."
He gives us a yiking piB:ure of the magician thus
robed, tanding with a t headpiece ike a mitre made op
ine hinnen on his head," on whych a plate of meal was
patened, being gohd oz
gilded with the in
scpuon, Tetragram
maton. t Then they
mux go in barefooted
and when they arc en
tered into the mohy
Place, sprinle it with
moly Water, then d1ou
shalt perfume upon the
altar, apterwards on
bended knees thou shalt
worship before the
::w'"s :- +tJ
+ ahtar. At the sunrising
2
thou maseSt enter the
1. MAGICIAN's PENTALE oF GREAT mols Place, after the
POWE. FO. JNVOUNC SPIITS.
2. lACIClAN's KNIFE. rite sprinkhe thsself,
(From ao MS., XVI centy.)
then perfuming thOU
shalt sign thsselp on the porehead with Hols Oil, anosnt
tqe eses, doing ahl these consecrated tngs with some
praser."
The dyscovery of hidden treasure appears to have been
a frequent queStion brought to the magician to sohve, and
certain spiryts were invoked por tis purposew Among
them was one cahled Beasphaves, who was said to appear
in the hikeness op t a paire mn or payre woman who wihh
.0
" THE NINE TOMES OF MAGIC , AND OTHER .1SS.

come at all times." " He will tell thee,'' says Agrippa,

" of hidden treasures. He wil bring thee gold or silver.
He will transport thee from one conty to another
without ny harm of body or soule."
To conjure this desirable spirit the ceremonies laed
three days, nd on the third day, " when it is dark and
when the arres shine he will appear." The magician
mu, however, prepare imself by ir " bathng in a
clear well-spring and be clothed in clen white clothes,
and bear with m ink and pene, and in a secret place
write + Agla + nd he mu have a thong of lion's or
hart's skin, and make thereof a girdle and write the holy
names of God all about, and n the ends certain signs."
The secret of certain images or igures made to repre
sent each day of the week, nd used for special magical
purposes, are revealed in a manuscript called " The
Booke of the Seven Images of the dayes, that Philoso
phers that were blessed knew and nderood whereby
to have their desires. But these should not be showed
nor taught but to good men and secret, therefor take
heed. BEWARE ND PRONE."
For Sunday, the image was made of gold u part,
copper and yellow wax. When inished it was inscribed
with the sign of the angels. It mu be made when the
moon was increasing in Augu or April. For 11ondays,
the image was composed of silver and white wax. For
Tuesdays, of red brass (copper) and red wax. For
\Vednesdays, of lead. For Thursdays, of brass, the
colour of saffron and yellow wax. For Fridays, of white
wax ; nd for Saturdays, of clean pitch.
These images were employed in conjurations, or as
charms for love nd also to breed discord between mn
.
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

and wife. Oor the la purpose the name of the man

was engraIed on the heart of the image, also the name of
the woman, and it was then hung :efore the ars and
smote with a twig of liIe tree wile the conjuration
was said. It was then :urnt :efore the gate of the
house where they passed :y each day.
This :ook also contains an account of " the homan
cecret, toucing the spirit called cahan :y which the
g
homans did understand of thin s present, pasb and to
come." This inIocation is intereung as it appears to
have come down to the sixteenth century from homan
imes, although it is o:Iious that it has :een adapted to
krirun ideas. The operation is thus descri:ed :
" The spirit of this inIocation doth appear in a :asin,
and to :e wrought eIery day except the Yord's Day and
the dou:le feaSb days.
" wirSb :eware that thou :e not deled ith luxury
nor wrapped in ny deadly sin, and :e thou faSbing and
haIe a fair cham:er, and take with thee a fair nd :right
well-furished :asn and haIe there IV wax candles,
and make them fa on the :rim of the :asin nd upon
eIey candle write these names, Zoses + Aaron +
paco: i hsion + Tetragrammaton + Moriaton +
Then take the sword and write opposite these words,
pesus [azarus hex in deorum + Jesus of Nazareth, King
of the Jews, haIe mercy upon us, and make the circle
with the sword and sitting in the mid of the circle,
turning thee fusb towards he couth putting the :asin
out of the circle once againb thee, and perfuming the
:asin with maruk and lig. aloes, say the gospel and 4
conurations. Then put out the candles after the fourth
conjuration and fumigate the :asin as :efore. Thn
zp.
" THE NINE TOMS OF MAGIC " AND OTHER MSS.

say, ' I conjure thee to appear to me n the form or igure

of a monk f white without any hurt or without any
fear or astonishment to me and that thou shall tell me
the whole truth I shall demand. By the virtue of all
these and by the virtue of all the names of God. FIAT
+ FIAT + FIAT. Amen.'
" Then the spirit will appear to thee nd let declare
the truth of everyting thou shalt enquire of him."
The manuscript concludes with some charms, such as
the following :
" If any be in danger of witchcraft let them carry
about them rutch-wort or pimpernel.,
" To goe invisible. Sow beans. Take a ben and put
it into the heart of a black cat being reddy roaed, then
bury it in a dungill and when they be ripe carry one
about, and thou shalt be invisible. Or take a piece
of lead and write thereon, Athatos, Stivos, Thern
Pantocraton d put it under thy left foot."
To have confernce with a fayre, you mu Stroll
cc

underneath an elder tree when the sun is at the higheSt,

and tand near the tree and say Magram, Magrano, three
times, and you shall see a flower sprng like yellow gold,
and when you have it you shall want nothing. There
will also appear a faire woman. Demand of her what
thou wilt have and thou shalt have it."
A curious recipe for making a very deadly poison
shows the nowledge possessed by the pratitioner of
magic, of ineral as well as animal toic subances n
the sixteenth centuy. It is as follows :
" Take ye venom of a toad c ozs.
" Arsenicke I oz. I drachm.
" Teeth of a lizard or as many as you can get.
 THE MYSTERIS AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

" Ye shavings of 11ule's hoof 1 drachms that has been

beaten to death.
" Put these in a cucible, calcine them, then proje:
upon copper. "
The use that was to be made of this compound is not
mentioned, but it is evident, rom the quantity of arsenic
it contained, that a very minute quantity would cause
death.
Another method of discovering hidden treasure is
described in a mnuscript of the fourteenth century.
This experiment is to " disclose f there be any treasure
hid n any place where it is thought to be or not."
" Take several hazel rods of one year growing and write
on them this name ELOY, and put them n the place
where the treasure is thought to be late f the evening,
and take them away in the moring. Then take that rod
which be broken or othewise than it was before, and
under that rod in the ground where it Stood is the
treasure or else near that place."
A useful charm which was no doubt frequently em
ployed was :
" To make money spent to return."
To do this, " make a purse of mole's sin and write
n it Belzebub, Zetus Caiphas, with the blood of a batt
and lay a good penny in the high way for the space of
three days and three nights and after put in the purse
and when you will give it say, Vade et Vine."
The following rules as to " what a magician muSt
know " are given in a manuscript of the sixteenth century.
They are Stated to have been lid down by Cyprian,
Bishop of Antioch, who, ccording to tradition, was a
pralitioner of magic.
. 4
cc
THE NINE TO.MES OF MAGIC " AND OTHER MSS.
" u. The MaSter RuSt have Waith anQ Qoubt not in his
work.
" .. He RuSt be secret anQ betfay not the secrets of
his art but to his fellows anQ to them of his counsel.
"
3. He muSt be rong RiQeQ, severe anQ not fearful.
" 4 He mut be clean in conscience, penetevt for his

A ey owuful harm to be oro D p)tecUoo He bat b:arelh lhls slu

lllSt ck.Us aad aU bd.r work. To be wittn aout im aall be ol
o k oo lrp uhmmt. XV nty. lo evey ottd aod
oeult. XV etolury.

sins, never wng to return to theR again so War Worth

as GoQ shalc give hiR grace.
"
5 . He RuSt kio the reigning oW the planets anQ the
tiRes Reet to work.
" 6. He RuSt lack none of his iiStruments, anQ RuSt
speak llthings plainly anQ Qinay. He RuSt Rake is
cifcle in a cleav ai anQ Que time.
" Whoso observes these fuces, by GoQ's grace shalc
not Riss but obtain his purpose."

15 5
 CHAPTER XXI

THE GRIMOIRES OR HANDBOOKS OF DLACK MAGIC

D
URING the sevesteesth asd eughteesth cestvrues,
several small hasdbooks were prusted asd cir
cvlated is Frnce asd Italy professung to record
the tue magucal rutval. They cossut mausly of a col
leios of sossessucal formvle, asd were wruttes for
popvlar cossvmptios asd to pasder to the tates of the
cvnovs.
Althovgh largely itutuovs, some of them bear evudesce
of hausg bees fovsded os portioss of earlier works,
thvs the " Grumoruvm Vervm " or book of Black Maguc,
prusted us Fresch, us a qvaust mutvre of " The Clavucle
of Solomos " asd some fastaruc jargos wruttes abovt the
muddle of the eughteesth cestvry.
Accordisg to the title page, uts avthor was " Alubeck
the Egyptias," asd ut was prusted f " Memphis is
1 w h 4 " I Asother little book of the same charater us
estutled " Trve Black Maguc," whule the " Grasd Grum
eure " wich us usscrubed, " prusted from as MS. n h w ..X
sigsed Astusuo Veituasa del Rabbisa," appears to be of
I tali as orugis.
All these little treatuses are badly prusted os poor
paper asd evudestly rittes by mes who had bvt ittle
knowledge of the svbjet.
The " Book of Trve Black Magic " obseres, that the
.} 6
 THE GRIMOIRS OF BLACK MAGIC

hcHh NI Vo neceIIcr Ho Vggiccl arHx IH Vu be Hcken

on Hke ncl dcy of the fc, gnd Hke Vcgicicn Vu bgHhe
hiVIelf froV Hhe crown of kNI kegd Ho Hhe IoleI of hiI feeH
wNHh warV exorcNzed waHer, a VecIure probably very
neceIIary aH Hhe HNVe.
WiHh reference Ho vetVenHI, PeHer de Abcno iI toHed
and recoVVendI a prieSt'I garVenH or alb, buH, cccordNng
Ho Hhe JewNIh rNHeI, ll the robeI were Ho be of linen
cloHh, Hhe Hhread of which Vu be Ipun by a young Vcidw
ShoeI and hcH were Ho be of whiHe lecHher, wNHk Hke
VagNcal chara:erI wrNHHen Hhereon Nn cnnabar Vxed
wNth guV waHer, and with the pen of Hhe arH.
AccordNng Ho Hhse hreaHiIeI, Hhe maHerial of wch
Hhe VagNc wand waI coVpoIed varNed. One cHeI HhcH
Hhe af Ihould be of cane, and Hhe wnd of hazel, boHh
virgn, wle noHker declareI Hhe wandI Ihould be of
Vood roV hreeI HhaH have never borne fruNH, Hhe fir
beNng cuH froV n elder tree and Hhe Iecond froV c hazel.
IH Ihould be t y ! NncheI long, and on Hhe endI two poinHed
eel ccpI Ihould be placed, Vade froV Hhe eel blcde
of the IacrificNal . fe, and Hhe eel endI when ixed Vuft
be Vcgnezed wNHh a loadone. ThNI wcnd NI deIcrNbed
Ns N " Lot priceleII TreaIure of the LNghH."
For the IacrNice, Hhe viCiV Ihould be a kid, dog, caH
or hen or whaHIoever waI neceIIary Ho Nnoke Hhe devNl.
The IigncHure Ho c pcCt Vu be wrNHHen wNHh Hhe blood
of Hhe operaHor, buH Hhe Nnm for wrNHing Ikould be
prepcred cI followI :
" Tcke gcll nutI 1 0 ozIw, jreen coppercI 8 ozI., Rock
AluV or juV ArcbNc 8 ozI. Reduce Ho ine powder and
place n a new glazed earHhen poH wNHh rNver waHer.
Thn Hake IrNgI of fern, gaHhered on SH John'I Eve, and
.w 4
 THE MYSTERIS AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

vine twigs cut bn the Wucc moon oW vkarch. Thhn makh

a irh oW vbrgin paper, nQ when the water boils the bnk
will be maQe."
Thi silken cloth to presefve the biStrumhnts clean anQ
purh coulQ be oW my colour, ecept brown or black, the
charaCters to be bnscribeQ upon bt being written " with
pbgeon's blooQ anQ a mace goose quill."
The Worms bn which the inWernal spbrbts were sabQ t o
appear is Wully QescribeQ anQ somewhat amusiigv
" luciWer miWets ms in the shape oW a comecy
boy. Then aigereQ he has a ruQQy countenance, but
there is nothbng monfuous bn his appearance."
Beelebub occasionaly appears in repulsbve shaphs,
such as " a mbsshapen calW, or a goat wbth a cong taic o r
a gigantic ly. H e howcs cdke a wolWv"
" Ataroth ds somemes oW black anQ whbte cocour,
usualcy as a humm nig ure Q occasdonaccy bn the lbkeness
oW an Ass x His breath bs Wouc, mQ the magbcim muSt
QeWenQ his Wace wbth his riig.''
" Beial appears dn the shape oW a beautiWuc angec,
seathQ in a charbot oW re, anQ speaks bn a pleasant voice."
" Beleth, a terfible anQ mighty kbng, appears iQng
on a pale horse preceQeQ by all manier oW musicians.
He is very Wurbous when nirt summoneQ, a sblver ring
mut be worn on the miQQlh iiger oW the leWt hanQ, which
mut be helQ againSt the Wace.z
The " GranQ Grimobre " says that the magician, o r
KarciSt as he bs sometimes calleQ, muSt purchase a blooQ
Stone, which he muSt carry on him as a proteCtion Wro m
acciQhnt anQ the macnations oW the spiritsv Then he
muSt buy a virgin kiQ which muSt be QecapitateQ on the
thirQ Qay oW the mon. BhWore the sacrinice, a garlanQ oW
.5X
 1'0VIKS OF . V I

OriiiS AN> S P I " I T Ot' A f T I C I I R IST

Fnm i,..d(s ' .lf _t ru.'

...
 THE CIMOIIS OF BLAAK MAGIA
vervaxs mv be placev rovsv xts seck below the heav
asd txev wxth 9 grees ribbos. The sacrxice mv be
oferev os the place of evocatxos, a vesolate spot free
from xsterrvptxos.
Wxth the rxght arm bare to the shovlver, asv wxth a
blave of ne eel, asv havxng mave a fire of woov, the
operator makes his offerng, bvrnisg the bovy of the
asimal, bvt preservisg the skis to form the rovnv or
grasv Kabbalxuc cxrcle is whxch he mv asv later.
Os the great sxght, he mv take hxs rov, goatsis, the
bloovose (ematxlle), two crowss of vervaxs, two
casvleucks, two casvles of virgxs wax mave by a vxrgxs
girl asv vaxly blessev.
He mv also take a sew eel asv two lxsts asv svfi
cxest tnver to knvle a re, also half a bottle of brasvy
(ths is to feed the lams), some blessev iscesse asv
camphor, asv fovr sails from the con of a veav
chilv. Thes the grasv Kabbaliuc circle xs to be
vraws nv the evocatios begvn.
D the " Grxmoxre of Hosorxvs," whxch exxs n
masvscrxpt, there xs a fvrther vescrxptios of certaxn rxtes
saxv to be cossetev wxth the praC:xce of the Black Arts ;
they are mory too absvrv for repetitxos, bvt they are
xstcrefung as showing the tesvescy at this periov to form
a pervertev rxtval simxlar to those vsev n the ves
criptxoss of the " Black Mass."
" The slavghter of a black cock, asv the extraios
of the eyes asv tosgve asv heart," are part of ose
ceremosy. The Holy Elemests are xntrovvcev asv a
" Mass of Asgels " xs to be saxv, wrxtisg xs to be mave
wxth cossecratev sacramestal wne as the " Bloov of
Chri.''
 THE MYSTEIES AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

As an inice oP Uhe ridiculous charaaer oP Uhe con

j uraUMonsQ Uhe PoEloMng may :e Uaken as an exampEe B
" How Uo cause Uhe appearance oP Uhre ladMes or Uhree
genUEeLen in one's room aPter supper.

t7 Ud.
11 ' f ' VQ Y
nl l ' V\t.
" o 'd5 ;7d
ontf lx
T

1 J x Y O il
L f &.

X DJJY W *
D I !it AJ
A

111_. 4 <;. rJ J
'J L r -i 57J
MYSTEIOUS CHARATERS AD SC' A.PBAB"S
(From Dnell'a T fos.'')

" AVUer C days preparaUion, cleanse your cham:er as

soon as iU is morning imLediaUely aVUer dressing, Uhe
whMle Paing. There mut :e no hangngs nor ny
UhMng seU crosswMse, no UapeSbries, no hanging cloUhes,
260
 THE GOUMOUOS OF BLACK MAGBA
hatJ, :Mrd-IageJ or :ed-IurtaMnJQ and alE appoMntmentJ
mu: :e Ilen in eIery reJpet.
" APter JupperQ indle a good ireQ pEaIe a white Iloth
on the ta:le round whMIh Jet r IhaMrJQ and :ePore eaIh
IhaMr a wheaten loaP and a glaJJ oP PreJh Ilear water, then
return to re:.
j
" APter utterng the Ion urationQ the 3 perJonJ haIing
arrMIedQ they wMll re: themJelIeJ near the re drinkng
and eating.
" They wMll then draw lotJ aJ to who Jhall remaMn,
nd the one who wMnJ wMll Iome nd :e Jeated n the
arm IhaMr you have Jet :y your :ed. co long aJ Jhe
reminJQ you may quetion her upon ny art or JIMenIe,
and Jhe wMll immeiately gMIe you a poJMtMIe anJwer.
You may alJo inquMre iP Jhe iJ aware oP any hidden
treaJureQ and Jhe wMl teEE you aJ to itJ loIalMty and how
to remoIe it.
" At partng Jhe wiEE giIe you a rMng which worn on
the nger wiEl render you luIky at play. x:JerIeQ that
you mu: leaIe your wndow open in order that they
may enter."
 CHAPTER XXVII
SOME REMARKABLE MAGICAL MANUSCRIPTS-SPELLS D
CURSS

HERE IMe IeveMIl MemIMkIble codiceI deIling wiHh

T Hke mIgicIl IMHI in. Hhe RIwlinIon Ind AIhmoln
colleionI n OxfoMd. One conIiI of I long
IcMoll, which iI IIid Ho hIve been wiHHmn wiHh h n
blood in Hhe IixHeenHh cnHuMy . 1
HH hII been in Hhe Bodlein LibMIMy Iince t6 8o, buh
believed Ho dIHe fMom Ibouh I 5 . 5 . IH iI 3 . feeh long and
In inch Ind I hIlf widee Ind iI wMiHHen on ifHeen ps
of pIMchmenH tiHched hogeHheM. A Iingle ne of hxt
MunI Ilong Hhe cenHMe of iHI enHiMe lengHhe wi I boMd
Ibove nd below of mIgicIl IignIe conIing of cMoIIs
of vIMiouI foMmI nd pentagonIe IMMInged IlHenIHely.
The hexH beginI wiHh In incanHIon and Hhe nImeI of
jod, followed by fouMHeen veMIeI fMom hhe iM chIpHeM
of Sh J ohn'I goIpel, I chIpHeM which foned pIMh of
magicIl MiHuIl I I lIHeM peMiod.
IH concludeI wlth the LoMd'I PMayeM n jMeek, wriHHen
in LIHn chIMIteMIw The object of Iuch I documenH can
only be coneuMed, buH iH wII pMobIbly MegIMded II I
poweMful chaMm, Ho invoe Hhe Iid of good IprMrHI Ind Ho
pMoHet iHI owneM fMom evrl nluenceI.
The IIIocrIHio. of Hhe joIpel of SH Jon wiHh mIgic
goeI bIck Ho In eaMly peMrod of Hhe ChMlruIn eMI.
1 MS. 3II).
rORTI O H OF A II AG I CA I. SC\OLI. W R I TI"IN WITII I I U II A \
B I.OOD

X I" v Uldtry. s,f/oc l.itrtym

F I G U R E OF T i l E G R E . N l l R A G O ' EII I'LO[ EeJ W i e E\ EV O - J \1:

Tllt S Pl k iT D I R1"0

-, ,, tl lfS. XVw Clllury. Rrdist lfuuum.

( S 'a: Q)
 SOME IEMAIKABLE uAGUCAL uANUSCIUPMS
Ie the time of rt nghgstie, it wah cgstomary to place
tqe G ohpel of rt Jol oe the headh of hick people for
the pgrpohe of iedgcieh hgpereatgral cgreh.
n h., a Cogecim hemd at relihStadt, eear paietzk
iy ith tenth caeoe prohiiited the maity aed matronh
ehpecially from hearieh daimy the Gohpel commencinh
" In Principiak" from wich it bah ieee ahhgmed, that
it qad ieen read, aed mahheh hgch ah the Homy Trinity
had ieen haid for mahical pgxpoheh.
Gifford writieh in 93 statehk that " home qanh
a pvece of rt Johe'h hohpel aiogt their neckh," aed ie
Irelaed geil receet timehk the readieh of tqih portion
of hcxiptgxe wah rehard;d ah an iefamliile cgre fox hore
throat.
Recitinh the firSt fogrteee verheh camled " Ie Pricipia,"
wah ielieved to ie of hiehgmar aed extraordieary power
in eorcizieh demoeh.
Dgraedgh declareh, that " the hohpem wiml expel a devilk
iecaghe devilh hate eothieh ho mgcq ah a hohpel."
In the early part of the heveeteeeth ceetgxyk Pope
Pagm V, ie hih ltgale, orderh the clerhy whee vihitinh
the hick, to place the hand oe the head whime readieh the
hohpel of rt Joqe. The powerh attriigted to it aiove all
otherh were proiaily dge to the indglhence hranted iy
Pope John XXII of a year and forty dayh, oe ith recvtal.
Catalini commeetinh oe tqe ghe of the iehvnnvnh of
rt Johe'h hohpel ie exorcihm hayh, that " ah the devil ih
hreatly afraid of the hohpelh, thih particglar one ih rjad
to hhow forth the ieeffa ile Bevnh of God." Thierh
recordh, tqat evee dohh were led to chgrch to ie cgred of
hicknehh iy havieh the hohpel read over their headh.
Ae aecient paex charm ahainst all diheaheh wah to
.6 3
 THE aYSJEOBS AND SECOEJS OF MAGBC
wear aroung the neck the fir wourteen terses of St
Joqn's mospel wrqtten on paper.
Another cuhious manuscript of the sqxteenth century
qs calleg t The Mamqc ow Arlatel." 1 It lemqns wqth a
descrqption of the t Olimpqck spirits which inhalqt the
irmament ang in the ars leneath, whose oice is to
geclare the fate ang geSxiny of mortals."
It ates that, t in the sxtyth yeah lefore the natitity of
Chri was the lemqnninx ow the agminiSxration of the
spsrqtual Prince Bethor whose xoternment contqnueg
until A.D. 4r0. Then succeegeg Phalem whose motern
ment lateg until .0. Then bexan Och who
xoterneg unql m4m0 ang Haxith who ruleg awtehwargs.''
Each of these spirits hag his seal ang planetp ang was alle
to perform certain mahtels ang coulg le calleg to appear
in the crySxal. The wrqter States that a true ang gitine
mamician may use all the creations ow Gog ang oices f
the xoternors ow the worlg at his own will. But they
heed not the false mamician. He that is a true mamician
is lroumht worth a maxicqan from hqs mother's womo.
A manuscrqpt on maxqc, written in 1 5 1 5 , claims to
gescrile the principal operations in the t sacreg art of
qntocatqon."
It commences, t Here lexinneth the irSt treatise of the
mosx noole art ow Solomon ng Apollonsus termeg the
' Golgen Flowers,' mage from antiuqty ow Solomon,
Manicheus ang Enguchius.
" The followsnm works are out of the most ancient
looks of the Helrews wich are nknown qn man's
lanmuame, reputeg wor a miracle to le xqten wrom the
Lorg Gog.,
1 Ashsolc . 1 5 1 5.
 TOME OEMAOKABLE \1AGITAL MANUTTIPJT
T(e irft -('pter -on,ifl, of K t(i, moft Tol: A7t from
C('lde'n, Tebre- 'nd Ar'bi-. p(i, or'tion Solomon
'ppointed, irft Eno-ing Lt to be de,rribed b: C('lde'n,
Tebre-, 'nd Ar'b,.I
T(i, i, follo-ed b: K T(e Gl',,e of Apolloniu, :
C'lled Ar, notori' or Ar, Memor'tLn', reDe'led b: 'n
'ngel P('np(ilu,, on golden t'blet, f t(e Temple of
Solomon.I
Un t(e R'-lin,on -olleon 't t(e Bodlei'n ibr'r:,
t(ere i, ' m'nu,-ript -ritten on Dellum in red 'nd bl'-E
inE, Ln,-ribed " Mo,e, Long, t(e -onjurer." t i,
entitled, " T(e Se-ret, of Se-ret, I 'nd begLn, -it(
" Ap(orL,m, of diretion, I for -onjurLng t(e 'ngel,I
follo-ed b: ' pr':er, t('t t(e " Tol: 'ngell, m': (elp
t(ee Ln t(ine o--',ion, I 'nd t(e Lnjuntion " Fir,t pr':
to God d':l:."
T(en follo- direion, for m'kLng ' pent'rle of kLd',
,in or p'r-(ment to be -oDered -it( nJ ,LlE K untLl
:e open Lt for u,e.I
Ut i, to be (Fld in t(F ('nd or pied to t(F qe't
Vntil, f t(e: DL,Lt 'nd -ill not obe:, open Lt ,':ing,
" ' Be(old :our -on-lu,ion 'nd be not di,obedient.' Ut
oug(t to be borne 'bout t(ee in 'll good experiment, 'nd
bu,ine,,. Ut m': be m'de in gold, ,ilDer, Diugin p'h-(y
ment or in DLrgin -'x, ,ilE or -le'n p'r(ment. Per
fume it -it( ,-eet perfume. Ink m': be m'de of ,me
of fr'nin-en,e 'nd irr(, t'Een in ' b',in ixt -it(
rose -'teu, ' little sweet-smelling -ine 'nd gum 'r'bi-."
T(e ,eHen 'ngel, 'nd the pl'net, dedi-'ted to t(em
're t(u, enumer'ted :
C',,ie! to t(e pl'net S'turn, S'-(iel to ] upiter,
1 Rawinson . 1j 3
 THE MYPTEOBS AND PECOETP OF MAGBC
SaRaeh to Mas, 1Hchaeh to whe Sun, Anaeh to SeVus,
Mapeaji to Mercury aVd Gabriel to tee MooV.
Tee Rnuscript coVchudes wite n accouVt oW soRe
experiReVts oW which the Wohlowing ae the RoSt inter
estiVg :
" A true experiReVt proved n CaRbridge AVno 1 5 5 7
of w spirits, to be doVe dn a chaRber, whose VaRes are
kurus, Artus and !bedeh.
" Rise early oV tee rSt MoVday aWter y e Vew RooV, Cut
3 rods lock or body oW a PalRe uee aVd Vot oV ye top,
wite a Vew sharpe kVbWe Vever used oV wice let it be
wriwten oV ye bhade + Alpea + oV y e oVe side aVd +
ORega i oV the other side aVd wbwh this kfe n thy
haVd say ye VaRe oW God ye Fateer, I have souget teese
rods, so takiVg hocd oW theR sayiVg bV ye VaRe oW God
aVd SoV, I eave Wond you rods, sayiVg iV ye VaRe oW ye
Holy Ghot, I cut you all ; (so cuttiVg alh three at oVce).
TheV take ine parchReVt and cut w pieces aVd oV ye irSt
write Durus aVd oV ye secoVd write Artus aVd oV ye teird
write bedel. Then take the irSt aVd wrap it about one
oW ye rods and so oV do the others iV order. TheV take
tee irSt rod bn thy hnd aVd say, ' Tluough ye bhessed
power aVd Rercie oW God I coRRand thee rod aVd by tee
virtue oW tee rod weerewith ye propeet glias raised up tee
waters betweeV hiR aVd gliseus, ye spirit weose VaRe is
writteV aVd wrapped about, be obedieVt to Re allways
weeV ever I shahl cahh hiR.' TheV set dowV ye rod n
the eat part oW ye chaRber.
" Tee saRe is to be doVe with tee secoVd rod aVd tee
spirit is coRRanded by tee virtue oW ye rod weerewith
1ti oses turVed ye water of ggypt dnto blood. Tis is
to be put iV tee weSt part oW ye ceaRber. Tee tird rod
. 6
 SOME REMARKABLE MAGSCAL MANUPClmPTP
when consecrated in like maner is to be put in the south
part of ye chamber. Then say ' I require nd command
you spirits r in the name of God, the Father, Son and
Holy GhoSt you dread and owe obedience. Come
gently and peaceably in ye form and shape of three beauti
ful ladies and truly to answer al my will and desire.'
" This muSt be done 3 ights and the third night ye
spirits will appear.
" Then say ' Welcome ye faire and gentle spirits which
God hath created.' "
There is also " Ye experiment for ye spirit B.rto,"
said to be made by Roger Bacon or Fryer Bacon. " To
be done in a wood or secret place." Tlus is lcscribctl
in some detail in a later manuscript.
Finally there is an experiment of " Askariell in a
glasse or CriStall," and to call up this angel you muSt
" have a deane consecrated CriStll or glasse Stone wrapt
over ye middle with a thong of Hart's skn. Ye criStall
may be in ye middle when ye wrappeSt the thong about
it."
Among the iStoricl papers of the sixteenth century
in the British Museum are some leaves from a torn book
said to have been found among the secret writings of
Dr Caius, 1fater and founder of Caius College, Cam
bridge.
John Cius was born f t z and became one of the
moSt famous hysicins f the sxtenth centry. He
was nine times President of the College of Physicians
jf Ljnnjn ann for nearly twenty years lelred on
anatomy at the Barber-Surgeons' Hall.
He was reputed to have been one of the moSt silful
and elightened physicins of his time, but judging from
.v4
 CIIAT RS X F EVIL SPIRITS
oll n MS., XVII century.)

z6
 SOME REMARABLE MAGICAL MANUSCRIPTS

the leaves of this manuscript found among his writings

he was also well versed in magic.
The papers consiSt of tables showing the signs of the
planets and the names of the angels under those signs, also
notes on familiars, formul for exorcism, n invocation
to have " a spirit in a glass to tell al things " ; two
drawings of magic circles nd a pentagon. The moSt
intereSting of the leaves consiSts of drawings of the secret
signs used for calling the spirits, siilar to those to be
found in manuscripts on the magical rts about that
period.
Several English monarchs appear to have been
intereSted in magic, and among them King Edward IU
is mentioned, as having requed a magician of his time
to put him n commuication with a spirit called Birto.
The Story is recounted in a mnuscript of the sixteenth
century, of how Birto was invoked and the part a ' ' green
dragon " played in it, of wich a pi:e is given.
Birto seems to have been a spirit of considerable power,
and after he had been conjured to appear, he comes to
the circle prepared for him " n fr and human shape in
the form of a man and noways horrible or hurtful." He
was then to be queStioned nd to tell truly of all such
things as the MaSter should ask.
The MaSter is direted to receive him courteously and
gently, to bind him with the bond of .spirits, and " he
will freely and faithfully declare and make answer, to
whatsoever shal be demanded, and wll surely obey and
full all commands."
But to obtain the presence of Birto, it was necessary
that the circle of the invocant should have the " eigy or
charaCter of a dragon fairly drawn or painted, and the
. 9
 THE MYSTEIS AND SECRETS OF MAGIC
citc)m in w-ich ohm spitio is on pppmat shnuld bm uadm
nn a cplvm's skJn patchumno"
Accntdin' on ohm wtiomt nf ohis uanusctipo, Kitg
Charles I is said on -avm cattimd a chatu a'aun dan'e
atd pnisnn ohao wps wtioomn fnt -iu by Pnpm L en vX.
vL was insctibed as fnl)nws :
" Whn ohao bmatmoh io upnn hiu shpl) nno dtmpd his
mnmuims. on bm nvmtcnum, nnt wioh nn unnmt nf pnisnn
bm huto. nnt in nn nmmd uisfntounm, nnt wioh nn ohundmt
hm sha)) nno bm suioomn nnt i'honJn'. nnt Jn nn itm bm
butno snddainly, nnt in nn wpomt bm dtnwnmdC Nnt hm
shall nno dim wiohnuo shtifo, nnt wioh ohmmvms on bm
oakmn. lsn hm shall hpvm nn wtnn' nmuohmt nf Lntd
nt Lpdy. Ts bm Jn ohm npums nf Gnd nd Shri.
+ Mmssias + Saohmt + Gupnmll + Spbpnoh +"
A pnwmtfu) cnnjuta(inn on cpll up p spitio is ohus
tmcntdmd Jn p unusctipo nf ohm fommnoh cmnouty r
" I cnnjutm pnd cnnmupynm ohmm by pl) viroums
nd pnwmts, pnd by ohm Hn)y Naums nf Gnd + Tmotp
'tpuuaonn + Adnnay + A'lp + Saday + Sabnoh +
P)anpbnoh + Ppnohnn + Stponn + Nmupuaonn +
Dmus + Hnun + Ounipnomns + Smupiomus + Yssus
+ Tmtta + ni'mnJois + Splupont + Vip + ioa +
Vitoums nd pnwmts, U cnnj-rm and cnnfuaynm ohmm on
ful uy wi)) Jn mmtyohun' fiohful)y, wiohnuo huto nf
uy bndy nt snu), pnd sn bm tmady po uy ll as nfomn ps
I shal) call ohmm, by ohm viroum nf nnm Lntd + msus +
Shtiso nf Nasatmoh."
Bnoh ohm ua'icipn pnd ohm wioch wmtm ctmdiomd wioh
(hm nwmt nf calJn' spm))s nn huun bmin's and cpoo)m,
and ohis appmpts on hpvm bmmn aoomuomd ohtnu'h ohm
umdiuu nf mvi) spitios.
X0
 SOME REMARKABLE MAGICAL MANUSCIPbS
Few oW such spells or maleddions are recorded, but
the Woloweng extrared Wrom Ranuscrepts oW the iWxeenth
and sexteenth centurees will see to show theer nature.
" Curse thee, and Almighty make thee so that thou
shalt neer have rest day or neght, tyd nor time, tell thou
haSt perWormed my wll and counandmcnts, and eW thou
welt not, ll the curses oW the great mleditdons oW God
weth alc xhe paynes and torments oW ll the devecls en hecc
be multipleed upon thee, so pcenteWulcy as the arrs be
dn the nirRaRent, and as the sands be en the sea."
Another ds to " CaSt seckness on a Rn."
" qake an dRage oW wax dn the mn's name and
wrdte on the sede these chara:ers as apponted :

.-n q n nq 9 ' m 13 16
3 vss 07 \ j
Head theR wdth the name oW the Rn and then weth
' Usher ' (a kneWe), cut thes dRage WroR the back to the
head sayeng, Haade, qdkaded, Rakeben, ika, Rita leca,
Tasareth, qodeca, Rabert, Tuth, TuRch. Then hang
this eRage over the ue wdth great smoke nd he shal
be seck."
There were severac methods oW scayng an enemy,
and in one the wax dRage ds agaen used as a n1edium.
" To slay an eneRy :
" qake an emage oW wax and wrdte the chararers wdth
a needle oW brass upon xhe image, and dry dt by a soWt nire
near cimney, and when dt ds dry caSt the emage down
WroR soRe house, that the dRage Ray be broken, sayeng
1 m
 MHE MfSMEIES AND SECIEMS OF MAGBA
t-msm wnrdse Haadev Yiiadmd, Raebenv Rila, Rita
lica, Tasarithe Mndca, Rabert, Tuthv Tumlq. Here
ith tqis iua'm I will slay tqe silk man soon. Name
qim, tqen take the pieles of the image and bury them, and
qe shall be dead nd no man shall know but the worker."
Another method, whilh was apparently to be allom
panied more by violenle than magil, was to lut a vout
bough from a tree and while doing so say, " I lutt this
bougq of this suer's growth in the name of (here
name t-m person) whom I mean to beat and l. Then
lover the tabhe and say n the name of the Father +
Son + Holy Ghov + Striking thereon, punish hlm that
hath wrought tlus mislhief, and take it away by thy
great j uruce
. Eson + Eion + Emares."
 CeAPTER XXVIKI

SOME ELIZABETHAN MAGICIANS-DR JOHN DEE-EDWARD

" "
KELLY- THE BOOK OF MYSTERY

O
F Phe MraiPioners of NagiM n EnglasK in TuKor
PiNes, MerhaMs Phe Rett noIn Ias Lohs Dee,
Iho reaMheK the heighP of his faNe Kuring Phe
reign of Tueen EizaRePh.
eis life, MoNMileK froN his journals, asK his exPr.
orKinary Mareer have Reen fully KesMriReK, RuP Phe
folloIing eMisoKes in IhiMh NagiM MlayeK a MarP are
MerhaMs noP so Iell ksoIn.
ee Ias Rorn in I 5 27 nK eKuMaPeK aP Phe Chny
SMhool at ChelNsforK, IhenMe he MroMeeKeK Po Cam
xriKge anK enPereK aP SP John's Colege, RuP laPer on
ReMaNe a FelloI of TriniPyo
ee exMelleK in NaPheNaPiMs, IiMh leK hiN Po Phe ld
of attronoNy, of IhiMh he unKouRPeKly aMuireK a Mon
siKeraxle knoIleKgeo
AP Phe age of PIenPy, in I 5 47, he NaKe his irtt ourney
Po Phe ConPinenP Po Monfer IiPh learneK Nen of Phe
DuPMh UniversiPies, anK here he MaNe in MonPat IiPh
MerMaPor. VePurning Po EnglanK for a PiNe, Phe
fol loIiny year he traveoled Po Oouvain in orKer Po ttuKy
aP Phe UniversiPy, anK Phere he ls saiK Po have graKuaPeK
anK oRPaineK his Kegree as Koctor.
In I 5 5 M he oRPaineK an inProKu.ion Po Phe CourP of
273
 MHE aYSJERIES AND SECOEJS OF MAGUC
n' Gdwprd I, on whnu hm hpd Ilrmpdy dmdicpomd
own bnnks.
Whmn Mpry T-dnr s-ccmmdmd on ohm ohrnnm in 1 5 5 3 ,
Dmmwhn hpd by ohis tium pchimvmd snum nnonrimty ps
pn ptrnln'mr-wps zviomd on cplc-lpom hmr nptivioy. pnd
hm plsn cpWn ohm hnrnscnpm nf ohm Princmss Glipbmth whn
po ohpo tium wps ivg po WnndW:nck.
Io wps prnbpbly shnrhly Ifomr this jhpo hm bm'In on
prpism up'ic. fnr hm snnn 'no vnon orn-blm nd wps
prrmWtmd po ohm inWnncm nf p npumd mnr'm mrrs,
whn pllmgmd ohpo nnm nf iF childrmn hpd bmmn uuck
blind Ind Innohmr killmd by Dmm'F mp'ic. D pddvinn
on o-Bs chpr'm. Bo wps r-unrmd jhpo hm wps dirming
mnchnoumnos p'pzW: hhm lifm nf hhm Qummn.
Whilm in prisnn, his lnd'ingF wmrm Fmprchmd Ind smlmd
-p, pnd hm wps Ifomrwprds .xpunmd bmfnrm hhm Smcrmopry
nf Sopom pnd brn-gho on hhm Sopr Shpmbmr fnr jrBpl. b-o
hmrm fnro-nm fpvn-rmd m, fnr hm wps clmprmd nf Ill
F-spicinn nf ormpsnn pnd mvmno-plly lBbmrpomdC
AItrnln'y po oluF ium hpd opkmn p iru hnld nn jhm
uinds nf ohm pmnplm. pnd ohm bmlimf n ohm cnntrnllBn'
pnwmr nf ohm WnprF nvmr h-un dims wps cnuunn on
pll clpssms.
Thm cpItmr nf hnrnscnpms wps in cnntpno dmupnd by
pmrsnns nf hi'h pnd lnw dm'rmm. Ind Dmm, whn hpd
plrmpdy pcquirmd p rmp-opoinn fnr is prn'nnWticptinns.
nnw bmcpum unrm fpun-s. Hm bmcpum wmll nnwn po
n-ro pnd, whmn Gizpbmoh cpum on ohm ohrnnm. hws
irt cnuwssinn. cnupndmd by Rnbmro D-dlmy. was
on npum pn p-spicin-s dpy fnr hmr cnrnnpoinn. Thm
Qummn smnt fnr hiu snnn pfomr hmr pccmssinn nd
inviomd m on mnomr hmr smrvicm po hBomhpll. pnd is spBd
.
 SOME ELUZABEeHAN MAGICUANT
8o (aDe promi,ed (im a MaWer,(ip at S8 Cat(erne},
To,pital.
One mornsng, t(e -(ole Court and PriD Coun-il
be-ame grea8ly ex-i8ed w(en t(e new, wa, ,pread abroad
8(a8, " a wx image of t(e Queen (ad bEen found lying
in Lin-oln', Unn Field,, -it( a great pin uu-E 8(roug(
it, breaW, w(i-( -a, belieDed to ortend 8(e -bfung
a-a: and dea8( of Ter MajeW:."
11e,,enger, -ere de,pa8-(ed in (ot (e to ,ummon
mee, 8o a,E (i, adDi-e on t(i, momentou, mat8er.
Te profe,,ed 8o regard it a, a (oax, but at on-e
-ent -it( t(e Se-re.ar: Wl,on to Tamp8on Cour8 8o

a,,urE (E QuEEn.
From t(e narha8or', a--oun8, one -an piture 8(e ,-ene
on t(Eir arribl. lilbbE8( -b, ,Eb8Ed in t(b8 pbr8 of
(er garden 8(at ,loped do-n to t(e riDer, near t(e Wcp,
of 8(e Royal landing-pla-e at Tamp8on Cour8. round
(er, Wood 8(e Earl of Lci-eWer, n a88endan-e, toget(Er
-i8( 8(e Lord, of t(e PriDy Coun-il -(o (ad al,o been
,ummoned.
mee, -(o -ore a long beard and -a, of digniied
pre,En-e, ,lowly approa-(Ed 8(e QuEen and, af8er making
(er a deep obei,an-e, ,olemnl: a,,ured t(e a,,embly
8(a8 8(e wax image " n no -a: mena-ed er \1acWy,
-ell-bEing," -(i-( i8 i, added, " plea,ed lilabe8( -ell."
T(e Queen bf8eward, proDed a good riend to mee,
for abou8 8(s, 8ime uong popular feeling began 8o be
rou,ed againW (im, and i8 -a, -ommonly ,aid t(a8 (e
-b, a magi-ian of doub8ful rEpu8a8ion -(o (ad dEaling,
-it( 8(e deDil.
Te -er8ainly praai,ed iDina8ion openl:, nd (eld
,ean-e, a8 w(i-( (e profe,,ed to rai,e ,piri8,.
.75
 iHE MYSMEOUET AND SECOEMS OF MAGUC
For jhe former purpose he maie use of a black mirror
wych he iescribes n the foklowing woris :
t A man may be curruy afraii of his own shaiow, yea,
so much to feare, jhat you being alone nere a certain
glasse, ani profer with iagger or swori to fone aj the
glasse, uou shakl suiienky be movei to give back (in
maner) by reason of an image appearing in jhe ayre
betweene uou ani the glasse, with ike hani, swori or
iagger, ani witx hike quickness founing at your very
eue, hike as you io at jxe gkasse. Strange this is to heare
of, but more mevailous jo behoki jhan these my wories
can signiie, neverjhekess by iemontration opticahk the
orier ani cause thereof is ceriei, even so the efet is
conseuenj.,
Dee's famous magic irror is iescribei as a pohishei
ovak skab of black Stone or cannek coak. It was formerky
in the wuseum of morace Wahpoke at Strawberry mikk,
anJ xe attachei to it a vajement of its vory in his own
haniwriting.
It is saii jo have been for a kong jime in the possession
of txe woriaunjs, Earks of Peterborough. In this
collettion it was iescribei as " the black tone in wych
Dr Dee usei to calk his spirits." Ij passei from them
jo Laiy Ezabeth Germaine, from whom ij wenj jo
John Campbel, Duke of Argulk, whose son, Lori
Freierick Campbelk, presentei jo it Walpolew Txis
intereSting rehic was boughj at the Strawberry mill Sal
bu Mr Pigott, ani fro thence it passei into jhe hanis
of Lori Loniesborough, ani kater became parj of the
colleCtion of Mr Geoffrey Whiteheai of Eat GrinSteai,
which was soli by aution in Lonion on August 7th,
9h 5 .
.76
 SME ELIZxBETvAN MxuICIxNS

I t is to this nurror that Butler alludes in his well

known lines :
" Kelly cHcl all his feats upon
The Devil's looking-glass, a Mone,
Where, playing with him at bo-peep,
l ie solv'cl all problems ne'er so deep."
" Huclibras," Part II, Canto 3

About I V 7 0 Dee went to live at Mortlake near the river,

and t this use he emvcJ is library aJ lab o a t o ry .
The Queen, when riding out in Richmond Park with her
lo.ls and ladies, would sornetitnes pass through the East
Sheen gate and Slop at Dee's dwelling between 11ortlake
Church and the Than1es, to see his lateSt invention. It
was here at the church wall that he i s said t o have once
shown the Queen the black mirror.
To most of the European Courts of tis period an
astrologer was attached, and both the Queen and Lord
Burleigh appeared anxious that Dee should occupy that
p os i t io at Whitehall.
I t is probable that the Story of his search for the
Philosopher's Stone tnay have had something to do with
this desire to secure his services, as there ls an account
of an interview he had with the Queen ln the gallery at
W estnunster, when there was a talk between thetn " of
the great secret for tny sake to be disclosed unto I-Ier
Maj eSty by Nicolas Grudius, one of the secretaries of the
Emperor Charles V," which is supposed to have referred
to the transmutation of tnetals.
Of Ius operations with the cryStal, he records in his
diary in. t V1 his fu:st seance, when the " skryer "
(mediun1) was bidden to look into the great cryStalline
globe, and a n1essage was transnutted by the " angel
. 77
 bHE ifYSMEIBES AND SECIEMS OF MAGBC
xBBSul tr-uMh thu gurRegeeBt " t- thu ufua, that dSBy
tcinMs sh-ulA bu AuRlaruA t- Duu, " B-t by thu grusuBt
b-rrur but by ced that is assiMBuA t- thu nq-Bu.q
A litthe hatur bu bretus, "I hSA a siMht n ChrynqS -
-furuA du aBA I sab,q but hu useAeBtly th-uMht that he
hidsulf bas B-t a M--A duA;ud r-r fu sut -ut t- suarRh
r-r oB-thur.
I B I 5 8. hu Rodu aRr-ss -Bu n tfu gurs-B -r ,AbarA
Kullyx a glaus;blu oBA Rlusur r-Muu, bf-d fu uBMaMuA
as a srryur t- -guratu tfu Rrynqal ;B fis lab-rat-ry.
Iully is saiA t- fasu buMuB iru as oB ag-thuRary's
aruBtiRu aBA haA aB u tra-rAiBary Rareur. -e Au
Rhare that bbuB bnAeriBM n WalJs-gr-bahy bhen
hiAiBM r-d :uuRuffu aRRiAuBtally nqudbluA -B aB -lA
daBusRr;gt -B alRhudy, aBA tb- gials -r RSskJts R-B
ta;B;B a dynqur;-us ruA aBA bh;tu g-bAurx bhch hu
ruMarAuA as buiBM -r gr;Reluss voluu, r-r bhuB gr-gerly
daBigulatuA tfuy buru Ragablu -r traBsdut;BM basu
dutahs eBt- M-lA.
u aggaruBtly AuRu;suA Duu, bh- suuds t- hasu
bul;usuA iB thu nq-ry, r-r fu ruR-rAs iB fis Aiary p
" E. K. (yullyf daAe gr-:eai-B bith s g-bJr ;B
tbu gr-g-rt;-B -r -Bu deB;d (ug-B aB -uBRu aBA a
uSrter -r durRuryf aBA gr-AuRuA Buarly aB -uBRu -r
bent M-lA ; bhiRh M-lA bu artuwSrAs AenqrebutuA rr-d

the RruRLblu, aBA Maiu -Bu t- ,AbarAuq --b Kully
b-rruA thu tr;Rr thuru is B- us;AuBRu t- sh-b.
cu :-ry -r yully's alluMuA Rlaid s--B buRadu kn-bB,
SBA frequeBt saBRes t--r glaRe at -rtlSru bhere he
b-rruA iB Duu's lab-rat-y, aBA thu traBsdutnM
-gerat;-Bs buru Rarr;uA -B.
Thu Bubs ruaRheA thu urs -r z-rA Burlu;Mh, bf-
.7 8
DR. DRR1S 1 S I I W STO: . ' OR : A . 1 N C C R "STAI.

Dri is fust111,
 POME ELIZABEMHAN MAGBCBANS
pppprenoly plsn 1mcpum p 1mlimver in his npmrpoinns, fnr
he wrnte fnr d p speciumn nf -is uprvellnus prt,V pnd
io wps rmpnromd ohpo ohe ummn wps ptup))y ohm rmcipieno
nf p wpru,n'-pan, frnu ohm cnppmr nr 1rpss lid nf wluc- p
piecm hpd 1mmn cUo, orpnsuuomd inon 'nld pnd relpced.
Gvmn such pn pInuom pmrsnn ps Elips Ashunle wps
dmceivmd 1Q KmllQ'F oricks, ps hm wrioms :
d Wiohnuo Sir Gdwprd'F onuchxn' nr hpndlin' io nr
ueloin' o-m umopl, nn)y wpruin' io ,n ohm fxrm, o-e mliwr
1min' puo ohmrmnn io wps oransuuomd inon purm 'nld.,
Hm pdds d frnu p vmrQ crmi1lm pmrsnn whn hpd smen
ohmu ohpo Km)ly mpdm rin's nf 'nld wirm owimd owice
rnund ohm fxn'mr, whwch he 'pvm pwpy on o-e vplue nf
4.000.R
Bpcnn rmlpomF pn 2noerting nry nf p dinnmr 'iven bQ
Sir Edwprd DQmr, po which Sir Thnups Brnwne, o-e
puthnr nf d m)igin Mmdici,R wps prmsmnoC Hm spys,
d Sir Gdwprd Dymr, p 'rpvm pnd wism 'mnolmupn, did
uuch 1mlimvm n Kmly ohm plc-cui, ohpo hm did indemd
ohm wnrk pnd bpdm gnld, insnuuch ps hm wmno hiuse)f
2non Gmrupny, hmrm Km))y ohmn wps, on infnru hiu
Fm)f fully ohmrmonC
d Afomr his rmourn hm dined wioh uy Lnrd nf Spnoer
1ury, whmrpo ohpo oium wps po o-m op1lm Dr Brnwne o-e
physicipnC Thmy fm)) in oplk nf Km))y. Sir Gdwprd
Dyer ournxng on ohm prch1is-np spid, I dn pssure ynur
'

grpcm ohpo I shpll oml) ohm oruoh. I pu pn mymwitness

o-mrmnf pnd f I hpd nno smmn io, I shnuld nno hpve
1mlimvmd ioC I spw MpImmr KellQ puo nf ohm 1pse
meopl inon ohm cuci1lm pnd pfomr io wps smo upnn ohm
ire pnd p vmry sup)l upnoioy nf ohm umdicinm puo in pnd
murred wioh p muck nf wnnd, io cpbm fnroh in 'repo prn-
2 79
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECIETS OF MAGIC
portion, perfet gold, to the touche to the haVVer, to the
teSt.'
" Said the pibhop, ' You had need tame heed ihat you
bay SiM EdwaMd, here ib an iidel at the poaMd.'
" Sir EdwcMd DyeM baid again pleabcntlye ' I would
have loomed foM an inidel booneM in any place than a t
youM jMace'b table.'
" ' What bay you DM BMowne ? ' baith the Bibhop.
" Dr BMowne cnweMed afteM Iub blunt gnd huddlin
Vaner, ' The gentleVan hath bpoken enough foM Ve.'
" ' W_hy ? u baith the Bibhop.
" ' MaMMye' baith DM BMoine, ' he baid he would nos
have believed is except he had been ise AND MO MORE
WILL I.u "
Kellyub nexs explois iab she anouncement that a
VySteMioub boom had been Mevealed so him by an angele
ihich he claimed so have iMitten doin and pModuced in
VanubcMips foMm.
There are wo copieb of thib extraoMdinaMy pModulon
in exiStence. One ib aVong she AbhVolean MSS. in the
Bodleian LibMaMy (AbhV. 4zzn and the otheM in she
BMisibh MubeuV (Sl. 3 I 8 9n
The foMVeM i b entisled " The Boom of Mytery."
" LibeM MySteMioMuV Sextub et Sanrub."
A note by AbhVole n tlb copy Stateb that he " copied
it from she oMiginal boMMoied of SiM John Cotton o u t
o f hib libMaMy written b y the hand o f EdiaMd Kelly,
which he copied froV the view of i t ehipited to him py
the angel in x 5 8 3 .u
It beginb with an account by Kelly of hib inteMviei with
the angele ab follob :
" He plucmel out a pook, cll ye leaveb aMe ab though
z8o
 POME ELIZABETHAN MAGBCBANT
them were pure nold and it keeked to oe written in olood
not drm.
t Behold o Behold o mea let heasen and earth oehold,
for with thik them were created and it ik the soice and
kpeech of hik which proleeded frok me firSt and ik me laSti
t Loe tluk it ik-(w. Kx, he khoweth a oook ak he did
oefore, azz nold).
t And it ik truth therefor khazl endure for eser. (E. K.
The leasek o the oook are all ined and full of kquare
plalek nd thoke kquarek hase charaaerk in thek, koke
kore thn other, and azl written in the colour of olood
and not met dy. 49 kquare kpacek eserywam in eserm
leaf which make in ayz .401 kquare placek.
t He wiped ik nner on the top of the taole and there
lake out aoose me taole certain lharaaerk encloked in
yinek, out Standinn om thekkelsek, and pointed oetween
thek written frok the rinht to the left ?and.)
t The 49 partk of thik oooke-49 soicek whereunto ko
kanm powerk with the inferiork and kuoje& hase oeen
and khall oe ooedient.
" wserm elekent n ik kyStery is a world of under
tndinn.
" wseyone knoweth here, what ik hik due ooedience,
and God khall difer in keelh frok a korao cteaue.
" Eery \ekent have 49 kanner of under:andinnki
t Therein ik lokpounded kanm lannuaneki
t Them are all kpoken at onle and nenerallm om mour
kevsek om dirunlion kam oe kpoken.
t xn 40 daiek ku: the oooke of the kecrete and kem of
thik world oe written. Benin to pralike in AunuSt.
Serse God oefore rok Marlh .9 (Good Fridam) to April
were 30 taolek of tik oook writtenv
 MHE MYSMEUS AND SETOEMS 6I MAGUT
" The letters of the Adamical alphabet. This book and
Holy Key which unlocks the secret of God concerning ye
beginng.
" So excellent are the myteries contained, it is above
the capacity of man.
" In 40 days more muSt tis booke be perfect.
" Heren shall be decyphered and truly from imperfe:
falsehood, true religion from false and damnable errors.
1fay 1 5 8 3 . "
The contents of the book are then tated :
" This book containeh 3 kinds of knowledge :
" 1 . The nowledge of God truly.
" .. The number and dong of the angels.
"
3 . The beginnng and ending ofNature subtantially.
" Tlus book is written n the Holy language.
" The book shall be called -" Logacth," which sig
niieth ' Speech from God.' "
This manuscript begns with a transcript of the book
called " Logaeth " in common chara:ers, followed by
.. pages written n smal squares, 7 . similar pages and
pages written verticaly.
The codex in the British Museum is called " The Book
of Enoch, revealed to Dr John Dee by the Angels."
It contains a note tating, " This is the origina1 '1S. in
Edward Kelly's hdwriting. It formerly belonged to
the Cottonian Colleion as appears from a note by
Ashmole."
There is also a manuscript partly in Dee's hand
p
writing, with his autogra h (Sl. 3 1 88) entitled " Dr
John Dee's conference with angels from Dec. ..,
1 5 8 1 to May 3 o, 1 5 8 3, being what precedes ye other
conferences." This MS., which has an introduaion
.8.
 SOME ELIZABEMHAN MAGBCIANS
by Eli's As(mole in I 6 7h, W'ting (o- it -'mF into
his ('ndsI -'s printed in London in I 6 5 9 Vnder t(F titlF,
" 4 truF 'nd f'it(ful rFl'tion of mr mFc and somF
spirits.I Ut purports to -ontin ' -onHers'tion held
bet-een -ert'in spirits b: mee 'nd Kell: respecting t(F
K Log'et( " nd ' ke: to de-ip(er its m:WerioVs pages.
(e 'ngel begins b: s'yingI K ToV-(ing t(e book.
It sh'cl be -'lced Log'JI -(i-( in yoVr c'ngV'gF signiiFt(
SpFe-( from God. Write it Log'et(. Ut is to be
sounded Log'(.
K T(e irW le'f ~'s :oV -'ll it) is t(e l'W of t(e book."
T(e 'ngFc t(en pro-eeds to s': Jo- it is to be -ritten
in t(e Hol: c('r':ers 'nd epl'ins t('t t(e 1 le'f
K is ' (ot-( pot-J of t(e -i-kFd in t(e -orld 'nd d'mned
in (ecc."
El'bor'tF inWrVaions 'rF giHFn Jo- to rF'd t(F t'qlFsI
from -Ji-J it 'ppe'rs tJ't somewmes t(e -ords 're
's-eningI somewmes des-endingI sometimes 't 'n 'ngceI
on tJe left or rig(t.
Groups of letters form -ords, t(us M R E me'ns
-it(I B A S -itJ ' rodI E R N 0 Z deliHered :oV, R U P
t(e Hol: onesI M A S R G -itJ 'dir'tionI U m L A of
'v(eringI E G R P -it( t(e ire 'nd so on.
T(F numbers from I to Sk 'lso signtied -ords t(us :
I Signiied Be(ocdI . F'itJI 3 Your GodI 4 U 'mI

5 A -ir-le 'nd so on.

ell: t(en 'rtfVll: 'sks t(e 'ngelI K f Moses 'nd
'niel -ere skilful n t(e 'rts of t(e Eg:pti'n m'gi-i'nsI
-hx m': not I de'l -itJ t(ese -it(out Jindr'n-e to tJe
-ill of God ? "
To --( t(e 'ngec gtHes t(e -r:pti- repl:I K or t(e
dongs of t(e Eg:pti'ns seem 'nd 're not so."
 MHE uYSMEOIES AND SECOEMS OF uAGIC
xD Hs dHiculD to conceHIe whaD Lee and Kelly epeaed
Do gaHn Vrom Dhms ela:orate efusHon, Dhe wrHing oV whHch
alone mu haIe Daken consHdera:le tHme and la:ourn
Kelly nexD wenD of Do ]rague, apparenDly Do ind the
hHgheSb :Hdder Vor hHs dHscoIery oV a method oV o:taHnHng
gold.
Whise he was Dhere, we ind Lord BurleHgh wriDing Do
the ^ueen's agenD Hn Germany, asing him Do urge eIery
means in hms power Do enDmce Kelly Do come yac to
hHs natHIe counDry, and requefng hHm, in case Kelly wHll
not return, to send a Iery small portHon oV h;s powder to
make a demonrat;on Hn Dhe Queen's own sight.
vut KeEEy was Doo cunnng to :e caught. xn Prague
he Velt secure, and he dHd not feel ;nclHned Do carry out
the De DhaD he knew would :e puD Do hHm f he returned
to Londonn
oIntually he goD inDo Drou:se with the omperor
hudolph, and was Hmprisoned in one of his cales, and
Ht Hs saHd Dhat whHle atDemptHng Do escape Vrom a Durret
wHndow, he VelE from a greaD heHght and receHIed fatal
lnXgtleS.
Dee, who had meanwhHle :een s;IHng aD vremen,
resolIed Do reDurn Do ongland aVter an a:sence oV sHx
years, but duryng hss ay abroad his opularstf had waned
and we ind im makHng repeaDed appl;catHons to s old
HnluentHal VrHends at kourt Vor moneyn
AEthough hHs house bexai axasi to be visited by sucb
nota:le people as the kountess oV Cumberland, the
kountess oV KenD and Lord WHElough:y, who occasHon
ally senD hHm money, he Vell HnDo poIerDy and Hll-health.
Queen Nliza:eDh senD for h;m to come and see her
Hn the yrHy Garden aD GreenwHch mn 1 84, where she
.8 4
 SOME ELUZABEJHAN MAGUCUANS
rececved him wcth lord Wacck. kee presented her
wdth an efuscon cV wrctcng, whdch he called the " Heavenly
Admondtdon," and took the opportuVity of pleading hds
cause. Hcs suppldcatdons apparently prevaled wcth the
Lueen, for he was soon after appodnted warden of the
Collegcate Church at Mncheer, where he took up hcs
abode in 8p.
Some years afterwards accusaions were agadn brought
agadn hcm, that he was a conjurer of spdrdts and had
dealdngs wcth the devcl, and oV tune 5 th, 1qo4, he pre
sented a petction to the King at Greenwcch, dn whcch
he prayed, " to be trced and cceared of that horrcble
and damvable and to im mo grdevous and )ammag '
able slaunder, generally nd for many years pa dn thcs
kingdom racsed and contiVued by report and prdnt agacn
him ; that he is or hath been a COrtURgR or
CALlgR or IrVOCATOR of kgVIlS.
He prays " that a speedy order be taken to be tryed
dn the premises to the pundshment of death (yea eyther b e
oned to death o r to be burded quccke o r to be burned
uVmercdfully) df by any due, true and juSt meanes the sacd
name of COrtURgR or CALlgR or srVOCATOR of
kgVsLS or kAMNgk SPIRsTgS can be proved to
have beene or to be tru duely or juftly reported of im
or attrcbuted unto hi."
A copy of thds petdtcon cs Stdll preserved dn the Bodl'ian
lcbrary. kee died in q08, and was burded dn the chancel
of vfortlake Church, near the house where he ived so
long.
A udy of his works shows that he was a man of
conscderable dntelldgence aid by no means altogether a
charlatan. He had a real devotcon to sccence, and
h 5
 bHE MYSbEUES AND SECOEbS OF MAGBC
uUIt hacm bmmn 'rnss)y dmcmicmd by Km))y, and thmir
assnciakinn nn dnUbt id uUch tn daua'm Dmm's
rmputatinn.
A cryIta) ba)) nr " Shmw Itnnm , said tn hacm be)nn'ed
tn Dmm, kn'mkhmr with thrmm )ar'm wx discs mn'racmd
-wit- ua'ical i'Urms and naums, arm prmsmrcmd Jn thm
British MUsmUu. Thm lattmr arm said tn hacm bmmn Usmd
by hiu whmn cnnsUltn' hJs " Shmw nnm , nr ua'i
nurrnr.

.8p
WAX UISCS . ' G R
\VtO WITII M A G I CAl.
TO I I A \' & R:K K F I G II R s A K n \ A::>
: M l'LOV0 D V SAIII
. D R . D:t W ItK
STO N & ' OR U S i \ G I l l S ' SJ J
M ACIC CtYS W
TAL
Brlisl >f1s.m.
 CHAPTER XXIX
'
MAGIC IN SHAKESPEAE S PLAYS

HE inluence of magic, and the part it played in

Tsocial life in the sixteenth century, are releaed
in several of Shakespeare's plays. Ghots, firies,
spirits, conjurers, witches, soothsayers, apparitions and
supernatural beings form part of his dramatis persona ancl
lit across his age in comedy and tragedy.
In eleven of his plays he introduces the supernatural
n one form or another, or refers to magical praaiccs.
n" The Temp " there is the sprightly riel and his
attendant spirits, who the bidding of Prospero, imself
at
a praaitioner of magic, raised terrible temps wich
apparntly wrecked the sips of the King and the
usuping Duke of ilan.
The misshapen nd uncouth Caliban," freckled whelp,
a
hag-born," is a true son of the foul witch Sycorax.
Prospero has lso goblins, naiads and nymphs at his
command to wreak his vengeance, nd ivers spirits in the
shape of hounds :
Go, charge my goblins tut they grind their joints
cc

With dry convulsions ; shorten up their sinews

With aged cramps."

Later on we see him arrayed in is wizard's robes and

drawing his magic circle he declaims :
 THE MYSTEOIS AND SEAOETS OF MAGIA
" Grave-s ac my command,
Have wak'd t.eir -leeRer-, oR'f, and let t.em forth
hy my -o Rocent art."

Alonso, Sebaan and Antonio then enter the magic

circle and there Stand charmed.
In " The Comedy on Errors , we are introduced to
Pinch, who combines the professions on schoolmaSter
and conjurer in the city on Ephesus, which, according to
Antipholus on Syracuse, at that time bore an unenviable
reputation as a centre nor praltioners on d1e magical arts :

'" hhey -ay chi- town i- full of foeage ;

A-, nimbde uggder- ac defeive che eye,
Dark-workieg -orcerery chac fhange che mind,
ioultkiling witche- t.at deform che body,
Di-gui-ed c.eater-, Rrating mouncebank-,
And many -uc.-dike dibercie- of -in.,

Pinch is cahhed in by the wine onAntipholus on Ephesus,

to exorcie the supposed demon that has taken possession
on him and caused all the troubhe, nd she thus addresses
it :

" Good Doccor Pinfh, you are 1 conjurer ;

@abli-. him in .i- crue -en-e agai-,
And I will Rdea-e you what you will demand.''

Pinch approaches Antipholus and says :

" Give me nour .and- and det me feel nour Rul-e."

To wqich he replies :

" T.ere i- my hand, and let it feed your ear."

.88
 MAGIC BN SHAKESWEAIE'S PLAYS
Thon Pgnch uttors his cyn uratiyn :
" e c.arge F.ee, iaFa-, .ou-' d aiF.in Fqi- ma-,
To Ti:ld Ro--e--ion to mT .olT RraTer-,
And to thT ate of dark-e-- hie t.ee raight ;
I conjure thee bT all the -aint- i- heave-."

: Antiphyvys aftorwards doscriros inch in torls that

aro far fryl lattorinu :

" h.eT broug.t o-e Pi-c., a .u-grT lea- fac'd villai-,

A mere a-aFomT, a mou-teba-k,
A threadbare juggler, a-d a fortu-e-teller,
A needT, .olloa.eT'd, -harR-looking aretch,
A living-dead ma-. hhi- Rerniciou- -lave,
For-ooF., took on him a- a co-jurer,
And, gazing i- mine eTe-, feeli-g mT Rul-e,
And aiF. -o face, a- 'tacre, out0fafing me,
Crie- out, e aa- Ro--e--'d.''

In " A Midsyllor-niuht's Droal , wo ontor fair(

roavlv ruvod r( O6orynJ tho dinuv and his uoon
Titania.
In Puck wo havo a piluro yf a " knavish sprito ca'l
eyrin yyd-fBvvyw F :

" That frig.t- t.e maiden- of t.e villagerT ;

ikim milk, a-k. -omcFimc- labour i- the qucr-,
A-d bootle-- make the breaF.le-- .ou-eaife chur- ;
Ank -ometime make F.e krink to bear -o barm ;
Mi-leak night-aankerer-, laug.ing at t.eir harm."

In truth a tnischicvyus hybgoblin-

ThB tyuching yf Titania's o(es with a lagic horrv
ty chango hor ynco lyro inty a fair(, is ovgdonco y f
Shavospoaro's knywvoduo y f horr-vyrov and i t is pryrarvo
that hB had thB littvo pvant " I(B Brigh t F in ind.
 eHE MYSeEIS AND SECOEeT OF MAGBC
The moSt complete description of a magician's con
j uration, in the plays, is that given n " The Second Part
of ing Henry I," when Bolingbroke, at the inStance
of the Duchess, raises the spirit in the Duke of
GlouceSter's garden in London. Bongbroke, the
magicin and conjurer, enters, accompanied by Margery
Jourdain, a witch, together with Hume and Southwell,
who are described as prieSts.
Hume leaves to nform the Duchess, and Bolingbroke
addressing the witch thus begins the seance :

" Mother Jourdain, be you protrate and grovel

on the earth ; ] ohn Southwell, read you ; and
let us to our wotk!'

The Duchess now enters, and presently Hume.

D(heu. Well said, my maters, and welcome ll.

To this gear the sooner the better.
Boling}rou. Patience, good lady ; wizards know their imes.
Deep night, dark night, the silent of the night,
The time of night when Troy was set on ire ;
The time when screechowls cry, and ban-dogs howl,
And spidts walk, and gbots break up their graves,
That time bet its the work we have in hand.
Madam, sit you, and fear not : whom we rise,
We will make fat win a hallow'd verge.

Here they begin to perform the ceremonies apper

taiing, nd after making the magic circle Bolingbroke
reads the conjuration.
Accompied by terrible thunder nd lightning the
spirit riseth.
19 0
 MAGIC IN SHAKESPEARE'S PLAYS

Spirit. Admm.
Margty Jourdain. Asmath I
By the eternal God, whose name and powei
Thou tremble at, answer that I shall ask ;
For till thou speak, thou shalt not pass from hence.
Spirit. Ask what thou wilt. That e had said and done I

Bolingbroke puts the quetions and the spirit answers,

after wch he gives the licence to depart :

" Descend to darkness and he buring lake I

False fiend, avoid I "

It is evident from his description of the conjuration

that Shakespeare, with his remarkable versaility, had an
intimate knowledge of magical ceremonial. Several
famous practitioners of magic lourished about his time,
including Dr Dee, Edward .elly and Simon Forman ;
but, as the rites nd ceremonials of magic probably
only exied in the form of manuscripts at this period, he
mu have had access to them. This is evident later in
the play when Smith introduces the Clerk of Chatham to
Cad e.

Smith. Has a book in his pocket with red letters in't.

Cadt. Nay, then he is a conjurer.

The manuscripts on magical ceremonial are generally

written .in red and black inks. The conjurer was usually
accompanied by a reader, who carried the book of the
ceremonies and pronounced the conj uration and prayers.
There is a brief account of the trial of the Duchess of
Gloucer, Margery Jourdan, Southwell, Hume and
Boingbroke for sorcery and witchcraft, in which
] ourdain was condemned to b e burnt in Smithield as a
.n I
 THE 11YSTEaET AND SECOEeS OF MAGUC
dNHch IWd HhJ HrJJ VJW Ho bJ traWglJd oW HhJ gIllodIe
dhilJ HhJ DtchJIIe IfHJr doNng HhrJJ dIyIv pthlic pengncJ,
dII hgnNIhJd Ho HhJ IIlJ of MIns
AccordiWg Ho HhJ hNStorNcIl fI& of HhJ cIIJe HhJ
IcctIItioW IgInSt HhJ DtchJII dII of coVpIIIiWg HhJ
dJIHh of HhJ King dNHh MIrNJ jIrdNVINn Ind BoliWg
hrokJ, hy hIvNWg VIdJ I igtrJ of iV n dIx IWd
VJltiWg NH hJforJ I firJs
MIrNJ jIrdiVIiW dII HhJ orNgNWIl of ShIkJIpJIrJvI
MIrgJry ] otrdIine IWd dII htrWH IH HhJ StgkJ, Boling
hrokJ dII hIWgJd IWd HhJ DtchJII dII coWdJVWJd Ho
NVprNIoWVJWH for lNfJ.
D " RNchIrd IIIe" HhJ ghoStI of PrNWcJ EddIrd, KNWg
HJWry VIe ClIrJWcJe RivJrIe jrJye VItghIW, HIStNWgI,
HhJ Hdo yotWg PrNWcJI, QtJJW AWWJe IWd BtckNnghgVe
IppJIr Ho hNV dhNlJ IlJepNng NW hNI HJnH on BoIdorHh
FNJlds ThJIJ IppIrNHNoWI IrJ JvNdJWHly NWHJWdJd Ho
rJprJIJWH hNI drJIV IWd IrJ WoH IpNrNH VIWNfJStIHNoWIs
ThJ vNINoW dJIcrNhJd NW " KNWg HJnry VIII " Nn AcH II,
dhJrJ HhJ INx pJrIoWIgJI clId n dhNHJ rohJI, dJIriWg
gIrlIWdI, IppJIr Ho QtJJW KIHhJrNWJ NW hJr NneII NI
IhodW NW I Iimilr VInJr.
ThJ SoothIIyJr NI NWHrodtcJd NW " JtlitI C!IIr , Ho
dIrW hiV Ho " hJdIrJ HhJ NdJI of vfIrch " ; IWd NW
" AnHoWy IWd ClJopIHrI , HhJ SooHhIIyJr dho HJllI
ChIrViInvI forHtnJ NI JvNdently IlIo IW gdJpH NW ChJNro
VgWcy.
Charmian. Is't Tou, sirs Fhac know Fhings ?
SoolhJayer. I- naFure's rinrFe boov of yecrecT
A lrFFle I can read.
Al~xaJ. i.oa .rm Tour .and.
Charmian. Good sir, give me good forFuee.
SoolhJI)'tr. I mave xoF, buF foresee.
 MAGIC IN THAKETPEAOE'T PLAYT
Later, a Soothsayer is brought from Egypt by Antony
and taken to Gesar's house.
AniVI!J. SaQ tD E;, whD:; fDrtPn;: :hall RC:; hiLh;JF C5:aJ': Dr
ECn; ?
ToolhJ}r. Cz:aRu:.
dh;J;fDJ;, 0 yntDnQ taQ nDt bQ h: :id; ;
dhQ d;EDn (that thQ :Bict ehCFh k;;B: th;;) C:
NDbl;, FDPJaL;DP:F hCLhF PnEatFha\l;f
Wh;J; Cz:aJv: C: nDt ; bPt n;aJ hiE thQ anL;l
B;FDE;: a f;aJF a: b;inL D';JBDw;r'dF th;R;fDJ;
Mak; :BaF; ;nDPLh b;tw;;n QDP.

Yet another Soothsayer is introduced in " Cymbeline "

who tells Lucius of his vision.
ToolhJ|yer. Latt iLht th; v;Jy LDd: :hDwvd E; a vi:iDn
(I fatt and JaQ'd fDJ th;iJ in;llCLenF;) thP: :
e :ae JDv;': bCJd, th; JDEan ;aLl;, wCnL'd
=JDE th; :BonLQ :DPth tD thi: BaJt Df the wett,
dh;J; vanC:hud Cn th; :Pnb;aE ; wOiFh BDJt;nd:,
(Unl;:: EQ :in: abP:; EQ divCnatiDn)
SPFF;:: tD th; KDEan hDtw

Later in the play, PoSthumus, a prisoner in his cell,

has a vision in which his father, Sicilius Leonatus, his
wife and his two young brothers appear, who circle round
him and aid of Jupiter, who
descends amidSt thunder and lightning, sittng upon an
eventuall y invoke the

eagle. He throws a thunderbolt and the GhoSts fall

on their knees and he thus addresses them :
l ND EDJ;f yDP B;ttQ :BiJit: Df J;LiDn lDeF
rfw;nd DPJ h;aJCnL ; hP:O HDw daJ; QDP LhD:
AFFP:; th; dhPnd;r;J, whD:; bDltF QDP knDF
S kQ-Blant;d, batt;J: al r;bjllinL FDa$t: ?
 MHE tiYSJERSS AND SETREMS OF MAGST
Pnthumus awakms and inds a bnnk, and ,n ohm lat
a: ohm nnohsaymt nomtptmos ohm patab)m and thus mnds ohm
play in ohm ptnmism nf pmacm and plmnoy on tioain.
The wioches ,notnducmd inon " Macbeoh R fntm a
ptninmno fmaoutm ,n own acts nf ohm p)ay. n ohm scmnm
nn ohe seaoh, ohmy mncnunomt Mac1eoh and Banun, and
ohm laoomt ohus dmsct,bms ohmb :
u W.at are t.ese
Ko w h r' d 1nd so rild n heir attire,
T.at look -ot lile Sh' .bita-t- o' t.e eart.,
A-d Tet are o-'t ? Live you ? or are you aug.t
j.at ma- may qudtio- ? You seem to u-dera-d me
hT eac. at o-cg .er c.obby i-ger l1Ti-g
Ubo- .er ski--y lib- : you s.ouwd be rome-
A-d Tet Tour beard- torbid e to i-terbret
j.at Tou are so."

Afoet ohmy can2sh hm tmbrks :

" iere suc. t-g- .ere as re do sbeak about,

Or .ave re eate- o- S.e ix-a-e yoot,
j.at Sakes S.e uso- brisoey ?

Thm mandtakm nt " nsanm tnno R a)ludmd on ,s ftm

qumno)y mmno2nnmd by Shakmspmatm. Io was a plano
atnund wh,ch c)umtmd uny supmtfi,o,nns, -and ,os tnno
nno nn)y pnssmssmd pnwmtfu) natcno,c ptnpmto,ms, buo
ptnducmd halluc,nao2nns, hmncm was snbmibms nnwn as
lsanm tnno.
o was ctmd,omd w,oh nohmt mySimt,nus pnwmts, and n
accnuno nf ohm tmsmbblancm nf ohm tnno on ohm huuan
fntm ,o was usmd by w,ochms on ,nutm thm,t mnmu,ms.
n smcaom's spmmch on thm w,ochms, ohmtm ,s a bmauo,ful
qo
 MAGST SN SHAKESPEAOE'S PLAYS
p))usion upde (o pn pncien( (rpdicion of (he upgicpl efe:
of (he uoon ui :
.1 URoe Fhe cor-er of She moo-
Tqere ha-gs a vaRorou- droR Rrofou-d ;
e'dl catch iS ere iS comes So grou-d :
A-d tqaS diull'd Sy magio -weigqS-
ihadd rai-e such arSiicial -RriSe-."

D (he pccoun( Shpkespepte gives of. (he ingredien(s

used by (he wi(ches n mpkBng (heit hell-bro(h, he
enuerp(es soue of (he weird pnd uyerious prcic)es
(hp( forued ppt( of (heir ock-in-(tpdeC Their incpn(p
(ion is p)so Bn(eteg from o(het pon(s of view, ps (hey
chpn( tound (he boiing cpu)dton :
.. Rou-d abouS the cauldro- go ;
e- She Roi-o-'d e-Sraid- Shroa.
joad, ShaS uedey cold $toee,
Day- a-d eighS-, ha1 ShirSy-o-e
iadSer' d veeom -leeRi-g got,
hoid Shou ir! i' She charmed RoS.
Double, double, Soil a-d Srouble ;
Aire bure aed cauldro- bubbwe.,

The ue(hod hete used by (he wi(ches (o uepsute (he

(e (hp( (he cpu)dton shou)d boil, by sBnging (heir
Bncpn(pcione is n ncien( mode of cplcu)ptBng (iue li)l
eup)oyed in soue ppt(s of (he coun(ry. By (hus repep(
ing severp) verses (hey cou)d regu)p(e (he (iue of boi)ing
fpir)y we)). Sen(uties pgoe (he ppo(hecpries used (e
uoon ps p ue(hod of cplcu)pcing (he (iue (hp( cer(pin
processes shou)d (pke, pnd (he word uenuuuu,
couuon)y used, wps emp)oyed, becpuse cer(pin drugs
were plowed (o upcerp(e p uon(h ll (he liquid (o
etrpt (heit pctive conlti(un(s.
 THE MYSTEIBES AND SEAOETS OF MAGIA
T-m idma nf -sin' a onad ohao had lain dnruano fnt a
mnno-, was Utnbably d-m on ohm knnwlmdgm ohao ios
vmnnu wn-ld bm ohmn unIo activm, bmsidms o-m advanoagm
nf caoc-in' hiu naUUin', w-mn hm wn-ld -avm nn
nUUnrounioy nf gmooin' tid nf o-m pnisnnn-s princiUlm
smctmomd n his skyn.
Snum onads smctmom an ativm pnisnn callmd Uhtynin,
which tmsmublms di'ioais 2n ios acinn nn ohm hmato.
tn ohm all-sinn on
" Root of .emlofk, igg'd i' t.e dark,"

ohmtm 2s tmfmtmncm on annohmt ancimno c-Winu nf 'aohmt

2n' hmtbs ao ni'ho, in ohm bmimf ohao ohmir ptnUmroims afomt
datk wmtm mntm pnomno ohan in ohm daQc2umC Thao
ohmtm was snum tmasnn fnr ohis nld s-ppnsioinn has bmmn
prnvmd bQ ohm tmsmatchms nf Sachs and Btnwn, whn
fn-nd ftnu ohm2t invmIi2'ao2nns, ohao atch is fntumd in
ohm lmaves nf planos d-t2n' ohm n2'ho, and sn ohm ancimno
bmlimf nf ohm ,nctmasmd aaivicy nf ohm uidnigho-gao-ermd
hmrb was nno mnc,rmly uQoh,cal.
Thm fa2l-tm nf aulmo on tmcn'nizm ohm 'hnIi nf hys
faohmt is pmthaps nno on bm wnndmtmd ao r
" he t.ou a sirit of .eawt. or gobwi- damn' d,
hri-g ait. t.ee airs from .eave- or blaft from .ell,
he t.n i-te-ts aickek, or Y.aritable,
jhou fom' i- yuf. a uefonabwe s.abe."

hm Ghn's tmUlQ :
" e am t.n fat.er's zRirit ;
Doom'd for a certai- term to wall t.e -ig.t,
A-d for t.e daT fo-i-'d to fa i- ires,
Till t.e foul frimes, do-e i- mn das of nature,
Are bur-t a-d burg'd aaaT."
 MAGUC BN SHAKESPEAOE'S PLAYS
This eubndies an early oradToTnn. thao ceroaTn spTrTts
were kepo in p-r'aonry during ohe day and allnwed o
waner ohe earoh at ni'ho. and ohe belief ohao dTsebndTed
spTrTos ohus hanoed r-ined buildin's was held by the
Assyrians nver three ohn-sand years a'C
 EAPTFR XX
'

N
HERDS OF MYSTERY AND THE DEVIL-THE WITCH S BROOM

I
ancien( (iteq ces(ain tseeq anm hesuq nf etil nten
wese meetem plan(q nf (he Nevil. They inclumem
(hnqe memica(em (n Heca(e, whn pseqimem nves
tagic anm enchan(ten(q, aq wel- aq thnqe tame uqe nf
u y hes maugh(esq, cemea anm Eisce, in (heis qnscesieq.
Eisce eqpecially waq quppnqem (n have ueen inguiqhem
fns hes knnwlemge nf tenntnuq hesuq, anm in la(es (pteq
the plan(q qaim (n have ueen uqem uy hes wese unitesqally
etplnyem uy wi(cheq anm qnscesesq in theis incan(a(onnqT
The et:l sepu(a(innq nf ces(ain hesuq ase nf(en inmica(em
uy (heis pnpu-as nateqT Thuq aqafe(ima iq knnwn aq
" Neti-'q Nung " in qnte cnun(sieq ; (he fsui( nf (he
u ellamnnna ns " Neamly Nigh(qhame " aq (he " Netil'q
Bessy," anm (he plan( i(qelf aq " Nea(h'q Hesu."
The tanmrake waq knnwn aq (he " Netil'q Eanmle "
nn accnun( nf (he quppnqem lusim glase et:((em uy (he
leaveq a( nigh(.
Snte. plan(q wese quppnqem (n exesciqe a ualeful
inluence nn hutan life uy (he:s etana(innq;
The (saitinn cnnne:em wi(h (he " Neamly paq
Tsee " ta ue (aken aq an inNtance nf thiq; I( waq qa:m (n
ulogh( all tege(a(inn tha( gsew neas i(, anm (n cauqe eten
(he uismq (ha( appsnachem i( in (her igh( (n msnp mnwn
l:feleqq. I( waq uelietem (ha( nn aptal cnulm l:ve whese
.q 8
 HERBS OF MYSTER Y-THE J?ITCH'S BROOM

its evil ,nluence edtended. pnd nn upn dpre ppprnpch its

peSmilentipl shpdeC
The nndinus edudaoinns nf ohe upnchinecl oree were
spid tn cpuse depoh on ohnse whn slepo benepth iks
brpnches.
Li:us uent,nns p cpse in wich ohe ndnur nf the
nleander prnved fpopl. tn Indip this shrub is cplled
" Hnrse Killer.R Ind in Ioply " Ass Bpne.R ps ohe fnlipge
pnd lnwers pre beieved on edercise p depdly influence nn
mpny piupls.
Heulnck, frnu which p pnwerful pnisnnnus plkplnid
cplled cnn,e is edorp:ed. hps hpd pn evil reputpoinn
frnu p perind nf grepo pnoiquioyC Piny ptes thpo " ser
pents lee rnu ios lepve R pnd in Russip io is regprded
ps p Spopn,c herb. In Gnglpnd. io hps plwpys been
pssnciaoed with witches, pntinns pnd hell-rnths.
Henbpne is pnnoher plpno nf ill-nuen which was sed
po funerpls pnd scpooered nn onubs. The Piedunntese
hpve p orpdioinn ohpo. if p hpre be sprinkled wioh henbpne
j uicee pll ohe hpres in the d,muia wi decpup. They hpve
plsn p spying thpo. " when p upd dng dies he hps tpSed
henbpne.V This plpno is knnwn punngS ohe Geruan
pepspnts ps " Devil's Gye.R
Of verbenp nr vervp,n, p plpno uuch used in witch
crpfo, Gerprd spys thpo " the Devil did revepl io ps p
secret pnd divine ueicine.R In snue pprts nf Gerupny
p species nf grnund unss is cplled " Devil's Slpws.V the

plpntpin is rinwn ps " Devil's Hepd,V pnd p certpin
vpriety nf nrchid is Smyled " Spopn's Hpnd.V
Sleuptis beprs ohe npue nf " Devil's ThrepdeV the
yellnw onpdlpd is oerued " Devils RibbnnV pnd the
scpndid is knwn ps ohe " Dev,l's Dprn,ng Needles.V
299
 MHE MYSeEIES AND SECOEMS OF MAGIC
tn ywehenm n gpecieg hf fungug ig termeh tke " Devil'g
Butterms wkile tke gpurge bearg tke name hf tke " Devil'g
filkts In trelnnh tke nettle ig calleh tke " Devil'g
Aprhnms nnh tke chnvhlvulug ig knhwn ag tke " Devl'g
Garterts vnir pargley ig hegignateh tke " Devil' g
Oatmealms anh tke puf-bng hf tke lychzhh~um nre
termeh tke " Devil'g ynufbhx.s tn ghme lhcalitiegm tke
chmmhn khugeleek ig knhwn ng " Devil'g Benrh/' wkile
tke trithma witk itg brigkt reh blhgghmg ig cnlleh tke
" Devil'g Phkerts
Tke Jatropha urenJ, n zlant inhigenhug th Brzilm
ig gaih th phggegg zhwerful phighnhug prhpertiegu A
prick frhm hne hf itg ne gpineg cnugeg numbnegg, gwelllng
hf tke lipg anhm innllym hppage hf tke kenrt'g ntihnt ttg
efetg nre gnih th be tkhge hf n phwerful arterinl phighn
wrck kag nht yet been inverugnteh.
Phuckkine hegcribeg nn tnhian plant calleh nutcknrm
tkhugkt th be a variety hf A(oJilllljerox, wkick grhwg
in a wilhm erile hegert. Tke rhhtg nnh leaveg exuhe
a fucky gubnnce kickm melteh by tke mihhny gunm fnllg
in hrhpg nh chngealg like a trangzarent gum in tke chhl
hf tke eveningu Tkig exuhatihn ig hf nn extremely
phighnhug nntureu Birhg nvhih tke neigkbhurkhhh hf
the zlnnt nnh even tke tigr turng agihe frhm itu tt
ig ugeh ag an arrhw phighn by certnin hf tke Frhnticr
tribeg.
Anhtker plnnt hf ill-hmen ig tke Flhr he Pegahilla hr
" Nigkmare Flhwer," wkick grhwg in tke neighbhurkhhh
hf Buenhg Airegt tt ig a gmall gkrub witk hark green
leaveg hf lancehlnte gkapem nnh cluerg hf greenigk-white
lhwerg wkick emlt a zhwerful narchtizing gmellu
Acchrhing th trahitihnm frhm tke acrihm milky j ulce
300
 HERBS OF MYSJERY-eHE IeCH'S BROOM
expressed from the stem of t~us phatt, wutches obtait a
drug whichv admutustered to theur victimsv guves them
terribhe dreams. They awake wuth a dull, throbbitg
setsatiot ut the braut, whule a peculuar odour per
vades the room, causung the air to appear heavy atd
stilitgw
There us a tradituot amotg the peasatts of Frieslatd
that to womat us to be foutd at hone ot a Fruday,
because ot that day the wutches hold theur meetutgs
atd have dnces ot a barret heathw
The Neapolitat wutches held theur gatherungs utder a
walnut tree tear Betevetto, atd the peasatts tear
Bohogta say theur wutches hohd theur midight meetungs
beteath the walnut trees ot St John's Eve.
t Eatert as we as Europeat wutches are said to
pratuse their spelhs at mudtught atd the prutcupah umple
mett they use us a broom," says a ruter ot Itdo
Europeat fohkhore.
The assocuatuot of brooms wuth wutches us very
curuous atd probably arose from the traituot that they
used them for ruditg through the aur. But, ahthough
cotteted wuth wutches, a broom was sometimes used
to druve them of, atd n some parts of Germaty ut was
cuStomary to hay a broom utside the threshohd of a house
to keep them from etterutg the dwehlutgw
The harge ragwort is knowt ut Irehatd as the t Faurues'
morse," as ut was saud to be used by the wutches whet
makutg theur mudtught jourteys. Burts alludes to
witches who t skim the muirs atd dizzy crags ot rag
bred tags."
Foxgloves f some parts of the couttry are called
t Wutches' Belhs," as they are saud to decorate theur itgers
3h
 THE MYSTEISES AND SECIEJS OF MAGIC
with the cap-like lower, and n certain localities the
hare-bell is known as the " Witches' Thimble." The S t
John's wort, which i s supposed t o have the property of
driving witches away, is known in Italy as the " Devil
chaser " on that account, nd the elder was said to
possess the same power.
The sea or horned poppy was reputed to b e a favourite
plant with witches and to be used by them in their
incantations ; so too was the magical moonwort, that
was believed to open locks. The mullein, or " hag
taper," and . the honey were said to be equally
" excelled in sorceries." Among the trees and plants
especially obnoxious to witches there was none they
feared more than the mountain-ash or rown tree.
Probably on account of its connex.ion with Druidical
ceremonies, i t was accounted as the greatt protetion
again witchcraft ; hence the nes :

" Joaa-ttree aed red t.read

Put the autc.es to theur sbeed."

Even a small twig carried in the pocket was believed to

ensure immunity from their evil charms-so says the old
ballad :

" iucc.es .ae -o Roer,

ihere there is roa'-ttree aood."

Throughout Europe the mountain-ash is in equal

repute, and in Norway, Denmark and G ermany it is
cutomary to place branches over table doors to keep
the witches from entering.
viany plants ar.e creited with the property of prote:
; o.
 HE\P OF MYPTERY-JHE IPITCH'P BIOOM
ing frhm tke " evil eye s : tkus in Russia tke em hf tke
birck tree, tieh witk a piece hf reh ribbhn, is carrieh, n
ttaly tke kerb rue is emplhyeh, in tke vighlnhs hf
ychtlanh grhundsel is usehm anh in Gerany tke raisk ;
wkile tke Cinese believe garlic afhrhs tke mh effeive
prhtcilihn.
 CokrTER XXXt

SURVIVALS OF WITCHCAFT AND MAGIC IN MODERN TIMES

T
oE belief in mlgic lnh witchcrlft hlg by no melng
hieh out, lnh begihe the purguit of fortune-telling,
crstll-glig, cheiromlncy lnh other methohg of
hivinltion 11 clrrieh on lnh believeh in by mlny people
to-hly, clgeg of the guvivll of the prliliceg of the Mihhle
Ageg occlgionllly come to light yn our police courtg.
Thug on April 1 St, _u 89 5 , l mn cllleh 1Iichlel Clelry
wlg chargeh lt Clonmel wit_h hlving, on xlrch 1 4th,
burnt hig wyfe Brihgetm l womln of 27 yelrg of lge, for
being l witch lnh thug cluging ker helth lt Blllylhhenm
County Tipperlry.
J ohlnnl Burke gwore thlt boiling herbg out of l gluce
pln on the re were forceh hown the womln'g throlt,
while her hugblnh lgkeh herm yn the nlme of the " Flther,
yon lnh voly Gho:," G ghe wlg hig wife. ve then
trippeh her clotheg of lnh threw her on the loorm lnh,
poryng plrlin oil over her, get her on ire. Clelry,
aggiteh by three other pergong, next took her to the ire
lnh forceh her to git upon itm in orher " to hrive out the
wytch s thlt poggeggeh her.
yhe wlg then llih upon the beh lnh ghlken, while
her hugblnh reciteh the worhg, " Awly with you " (meln
ino the evil gpirit) lnh, lt gix o'clock in the morning, the
prieSt wlg gent for to eorcize the gpiritg with which the
houge wlg thought to be filleh. The prygonerg were
3 04
 SURVBVAL OF f7ITCHCOAFT AND MAGSC
found guilty, and sentenced to various periods of im
prisonment.
Among other praitioners of magic, the gipsy
Still enjoys a reputation among a certain class of
people, and the Romany, who is said to have inherited
his occult knowledge from early anceStors, is sought and
believed in by many countryfolk to-day.
An inStance of tis came to light in the Police Court at
Higham Ferrers in Northanptonsire on November
q th, 19.6, when a gipsy of the hiStoric name of Smith
was charged with obtaining money from a widow. It
was Stated that she had sold her " charms to burn, wear
and put under her pillow." If those to be burnt,
burned brightly, it meant that ooo was coming to her,
but f the re was dull some enemy was holding the
money back. The fortune-teller received a month's
hard laqour for her charms from an unsympathetic bench.
A police superintendent in charge of the case sagely
remarked, that the widow was only one of many simple
folk who were easily gulled by " gipsy magic," and
added, " These fortune-tellers are becoming a danger to
the countryside."
Another curious Story was related before the magis
trates at Batley in 1 9.5 , when a widow of 7; was sum
moned for doing damage to a pair of trousers and a
curtain belonging to a lodger, who was a miner.
The landlady declared that he never went to bed, but
" sits up all night burning vitriol and cayenne pepper.
" I call him a wizard. He can do any mortal thing,"
she exclaimed to the Bench.
Her daughter in giving evidence aginSt the alleged
wizard said :
 THE MYSTERIES AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

" He does son1ething that makes mother ll. We can

smell cayene and things he uses. It is somethng you
don't underand, and he has brought my mother to
the brink of the grave. Twice I have taken her out of his
way, but wherever we go we can feel his devilish work
going on.,
It is evident in tlus case that both women were under
the firm conviion that the man was trying to cat some
spell upon one of them.
It is not often that a man accuses his wife of being a
witch, but recently a husband applied for a separation
order, alleging that his . wfe pralsed witchcraft. He
declared that she told lutn that she was working on her
son and herself, " by trowing something on a rug "
when the former was ll, and by " placing one of lus
possessions ncar her photograph., He also Stated that
" she placed pokers in the ire and made rings of salt
around his char to drive away evil spirits."
An amusing case came before the Glastonbury
magirates in January m 9.6, when a man applied for a

summons againSt a neighbour for bewitching his clock,

which, he said, " ticked three times as loud as usual and
Stopped every night although it was wound up.,
He further alleged that the accused man " came to him
as a witch when he sat by the fire, but only his head
and beard appeared. He spat at him twice and he
disappeared as a ball of smoke.''
He accused another neighbour of poisoning the cab
bages in his garden so that they made him il when he
ate them. The Court regarded the charges as not proved
and the case was dismissed.
The peasantry in some parts .of France are Still highly
3 06
 S R VI VA S F l?wTCHCRAFT A A wC
superitious. In the country diStrits of the south-weSt
the belief in charms and the " evil eye " is almoSt as general
as it was centuries ago. This is sho\vn in a curious case
that came to light in January 1 9.6 when an Abbe of the
small village of Bombon, near Mclun, was accused by
a number of people in the neighbourhood, of being a
sorcerer, and of caSting wicked spells over a woman.
Feeling in the village became so Strong aganSt him
that he was ill-treated and beaten by some of his parish
ioners, and at length he took proceeings againSt his
accusers.
The cief evidence was given b y a municipal employee
of Bordeaux who declared in Court, with great solemnity,
that he truck the Abbe with a whip " to drive the devil
out of him."
" Once," he said, " he sent, . over our Oratory in
Bordeaux, birds which traced in the air the letters of hi s
name. That was an evil omen and from that moment
we sufered.
" By similar diabolical praices he made mushrooms of
an unknown and venomous kind grow suddenly in the
garden of our chapel. I fo und that all my physical and
ntellectual force had gone and I became a mere log."
A woman also teStiied, that she had s uffered less from
the spells, because she kept reading a tract on exorcisms
against Satan, which she .invited the Judge to read, and she
further declared, that the " evil spirit " made her " bump
about in bed like a parcel."
A case n which a modern " magician " who specialized
.in reoring recalcitrant husbands to their wives, and in
s ettling marital diferences, came before the magirates
in Bern a short me ago. The complainant, a shop-
w 07
 THE MYSTERIES A ND SECRETS OF MAGIC

keeper, Stated that his suspicions were aroused by hearing

his wife apparently talng to herself in her b edroom late

one night.
LiStening at the closed door, he heard her repeating the
words, " l-Ie will be true. He will be true."
His conscience smote im as he iStened, and he went
into the room with the intention of vowing that his
wife's prayer should be fullled, but he changed his
mnd when to is aStonishment he saw that she was
feeding the lames of the Stove with one of his waiSt
coats. Upon his expoStulating, she confessed that she was
folowing out the inrulions of a fortune-teler named
I<un whom she had consulted, nd who had assured
her that she could secure her husband's fidelity by buring
one of his garments while repeatng the incantation.
The husband failed to be convinced, but let the matter
pass unl a few weeks later he caught her b1mi1g hi
rorarJ.
That decided him to put an end to the magician's
practices, and he hailed Kuhn before the tribunal and
charged her with fortune-telling.
Another woman ch:uged with pratising the " Black
Art " was sent to prison for four months recently by the
magiStrates at Liege in Belgium.
One of her viims was a young woman who, suffering
from pains in the head and body, consulted her twice a
week for several months, and eventualy, in order to pay
her fees, Stole money and was sent to prison. Here the
woman, who was known as Vitorine, visited her and told
her to " Invoke my name in a loud voice and you wil not
know you are in prison." The fee for this advice was
charged in her bill, but prison life remained unaltered.
38
 SUO IVALS OF IMCHCOAFM AND \1AGUC
Another vi.im was a married man whose wife had
left him. He consulted Victorine and paid her fee, and
she told him that in order to get his wife back, he muSt
go to Gouvy (a place fty miles fro m Liege) and back,
in the company of three professors.
He found the necessary three companions and made
the journey, and, lo, . his wife returned. But unfortu
nately she soon rn off again, and none of Victorine's
magic processes could induce her to return, hence the
prosecution which ended.so unhappily for Vitorine.
In Devonshire, a few years ago, an old woman was
found Sticking pins into a sheep's heart wile muttering
imprecations, and after a while hung i t in the chimney,
with the object, she explained1 of woring ill on a
neighbour to whom she had taken a isike.
In some parts of EaSt ngia belief in witchcraft and
the power of the " evil eye " Stil survives. The rector
of Merton, in Norfolk, a short time ago Stated that his
people round about that liStritt had an ingrained belief
in " good nd evil spells ." .
" The charge of witchcraft is usualy wispered againt
old women of dominnt personality, Romannosed
women." There is a common beief that " if! ofend 'un
(the old woman) then she'l do me a mischief." He
related the following account of how he laid a local curse
known as " the curse of Stur5ton."
" This Story dates back to the time of Queen Elizabeth.
Sir Miles Yare-an Elizabethan vicar of Bray-was
then the rector. -For the country folk he held a Protes
tant service in the church on Sunday morning and then
recited Mass in his parlour for the Popish gentry.
" An old ProteStnt lady, as she lay dying, solemnly
3 9
 JHE MYSJEIS AND SECIEJS OF liAGUC
cursed tlus very accommodating parson-p ri et, his
church, lus rcetory and the Great Folks' Hall. nd the
curse seemed to come true.
" When I came upon the scene," says the ReCtor,
" l xas ase. tq h he utse. Fqt the Ol . had
become a farmhouse surrounded by a few cottages, and
the people feared that the c:se might ll be woring
itself out.
'' I held a public service, using an old altr tomb in
the ruined churchyard as a lelern. People locked to
the service from nilles rond. In the sequel no thing
frther dreadful happened. I had laid the c:se."
An intereSting case, which recalls the methods
employed by the witch n the Middle Ages, is repo rte d
from Coseza n northern Italy. n a village ncar that
town lived two siers, on who a spell is said to h av e
been ca by a woman who was believed to praise
witchcraft. She succeeded in convincing them, that
only by folowing her dlreilions could they liberate
themselves from the curse.
She prepared special food for them ; adminiStered
my Ster iou s philtres and forbade them to leave their house.
n a short time both the siSters b egan to show signs
of wasting away, which so alarmed their friends that they
caled n the aid of the po li ce.
Accompanied by an oicer they forced their way into
he house, where they discovered the two siSters in a
moribund condition and one of them died soon afterwards .
The so-called witch was at once arreSted, and was o nly
with diiculty saved from the anger of the villagers.
There is a curious superSiious cuStom in connexion
with clren that ll survives n some parts of \Vales,
3 10
 SUR VI VALS OF U71MCHCIAFM AND \1AGIT
which consiSts of making an incision .into a certain part of
the carilage of a child's car, n order to cure i t of back
wardness. The operation is usually performed during
the waxing of the moon by a womn who is supposed
to have inherited the nowledge of performing the
operation correly. It is done repeately on the cld
until it is found to prove efelve.
The belief in charms and mascots is Still as conunon
in our crowded cities as in remote parts of the country.
The countless mascots to be seen on motor-cars in
our Streets to-day evidence the belief in the occult that
lingers n modern times, nd yet we smile at the creduity
of the people of the EaSt, who hang Strngs of blue beads
about their horses' manes to ward off the " evil eye."
It is hardly credible, but nevertheless true, that tiny
glass tubes filled with mercury and enclosed n wash
leather cases are ll sold in a chemiSt's shop n the heart
of the City of London, to people who believe that, by
carrying them n their pockets, they wll prevent attacks
of rheumatism.
A certain scienic man is said to have expressed im
self confident that h e had checked a tendency to bleed at
the nose, b y suspending round his neck nne Strands
of red silk in each of wich were tied nine knots. n
order to be eTea.ive each knot had to be tied by a woman
and separately wished over.
A short time ago, a shop was opened in one of the
prncipal Streets of the Wt End of London for the sale
of a so-called Egyp tian charm or mascot. Numerous
letters were exhibited in the window, purporting to have
been received from users of it, teStifying to its wonderful
powers. Tradesmen declared it had increased their
311
 MHE MYTMEIS AND TEAOEMT OF MAGIA
business, boxers wrote that i t had given them vi:oy
over their opponents, dancers asserted that it had found
them partners, bookmakers ated it had given them
success in betng, oher people said it had obtained them
situations and motoris declred it had helped them to
win races y
These f ntncs of human creduity, at the present
day, serve to show the prevalence of super.iion and how
liHtle human naHuMe has changed from the erly centuries.
The tendency to bell eye n the supernatural il exis
in all commwities, nd appears to be wrapped-up with
the mytery sqat envelopn the fusure cnd the fear of the
unknown. The desire to pierce the veil that hides the
beyond is illate in the human race throughout the world.
The manifeStaions of the Vagicians of the viiddle
Ages appear ridiculous to us to-day, but there are many
people who n believe that they can comunicate with
the spirits of sqe dead by mens of supernatural agencies.
If we look back' through the pat centuries we shall
. fd that some of the greateSt thnkers and intelle:ual men
of their time, such as Roger Bccon, Corneiun Agrippa,
Paracelnun and Van GelVont iere believern in the occult.
There is no proof, qoiever, sqas tqe pratiionern of
magic ever wrought ny phenomena that could not be
produced by natural agencies, nor is there any real
evidence, n the records of magic, that the spirit of a dead
person has ever materialized or been made to appear on
earth in human form.
Although many of the rites used n magic were
probably derived from those employed in early times as
part of religious ceremonial, and founded on principles
that lie deep down n the nlind of man, it is evident tht

31
 SUR VIVALS- OF l1TCHCRAFT AND 1-IAGIC

they formed but part of an elaborate syStem of im

poSture, designed to deceive and based on the credulity
of humanity and the fear of the unknown.
The more the myStey surrounding the rites and cere
monies carried on, the more they seem to have inspired
belief in the ordnary mind, and all tended to create an
atmosphere of decep ion nd ilusion. The efers of the
narcotic drugs employed by the magicians in their
fumigations, to impress the imagination, no doubt
sometimes produced hallucinations that appeared to be
real. It is probable that tl)ey had a knowledge of certain
powers, such as hypnoism, which they kept secret ;
for the wise man," rom the earliet times, was generally
one who was cunning enough to be able to ac uire and
hold an inluence over his less intelligent fellows by
mySteries and secrets.
A knowledge of acouSics formed a natural means of
decepion n the woring of the ancient oracles, and
even apparitions may have been produced by the effc:s
of relea.ion on polished surfaces.
It will be remembered how the illusion known as
" Pepper's GhoS: " mystiied the general pubic many
years ago, until it was explained that the apparitions
were produced by the relections of limelighted igures
Standng beneath the front of the Stage.
" The Cabinet of Proteus," the aStonishing " spirit "
tricks performed by nderson the " Wizard of the North,"
the remarkable feats of legerdemain executed by Houdin
at l1is Temple of Mytery in a is also by Dr Lynn and
Heller in London, and later the ingenious automata and
cabinet tricks invented by Maskelyne and performed
at the old Egyptian Hall, arc but a few of the natura]
313
 THE -IYS TERIS AND SECRETS OF MAGIC

deceptions that created amazement and wonder in the

lat generation, and which a few centuries earlier would
have been attributed to magic.
The old saying that " seeing is believing " is not always
corre:, as the sleight-of-hand tricks of the n1odern con
jurer readily prove how the eye cn easily be deceived by
movements that are quicker than sight.
The extraordinay manfeStations performed by EaStern
jugglers are further inStances of the manner in which
vision can be deceived, and of how n erroneous im
pression may be conveyed to the brain. A person
concentrating his thoughts, nd conStantly thinking of
certain persons or things, may conceivably have a
waking dream n which occurrence may b e pitured n
his imagination, so that he believes that he has a:ually
seen it.
The advance of science and education has done much to
ispel the mySteries nd reveal the secrets of ma g ic, and
the scientiSt may itly be caled the magician of modern
times. His boundary is illimitable.
The discoveries of recent years, such as the produllon
of the perfume of lowers from the refuse of the gas
works, the trnsference of photographs by elcuicity,
television, the rnsmission of the human voice and
of music through the ether for thousands
of miles, are
b ut a few of his achievements.
Surely these lone are more extraornary than any
thing ever attributed to magic.
The laboratory is his " magic circle " where he works
his wonders without myStery, and his discoveries outvic
the greateSt secrets that were claimed to be known by
the magicians of the paSt.
3 14