Chapter Tour Skeletal System p.

130-169
Learning Target I can create a model featuring the major bones of the axial and appendicular skeletons.
Proficiency Descriptor Definition
4 Proficient I can create a model featuring the major bones of the axial and appendicular skeletons.
3 Developing I can diagram the microscopic structure of a long bone, and list the functions of these
parts (both compact and spongy bone).
2 Basic I can identify and recall the major bones of the axial and appendicular skeletons.
1 Minimal I can describe the major functions of bones and joints.
0 No Evidence No evidence.

Learning Target I can conclude how osteoclasts and osteoblasts remodel bone and the factors that affect bone
development, growth, and repair.
Proficiency Descriptor Definition
4 Proficient I can conclude how osteoclasts and osteoblasts remodel bone and the factors that affect
bone development, growth, and repair.
3 Developing I can distinguish between intramembranous and endochondral bones, and explain how
such bones develop and grow.
2 Basic I can describe the major functions of bones.
1 Minimal I can define terminology associated with bone development, growth, and function.

0 No Evidence No evidence.

Intro
General functions of bone:
Provide points of attachment for muscles , protect and support softer tissues, house
blood-producing cells, store inorganic salts, and form passageways for blood vessels and nerves.
Structure
Create a table featuring how we classify bones.

Long bones Have long longitudinal axes and expanded ends. Forearm and Thigh
bones.

Short bones Cubelike, with their lengths and widths roughly equal. Wrists and ankles.

Flat bones Platelike structures with broad surfaces. Ribs, Scapulae, and some bones
of the skull.

Irregular bones Have a variety of shapes and are usually connected to several other
bones. Irregular bones include the vertebrae that comprise the backbone
and many facial bones.

Sesamoid(round) bones Usually small and nodular and are embedded within tendons adjacent to
joints. Kneecap.

List five major parts of a long bone

 Diaphysis, epiphysis, articular cartilage, medullary cavity, and periosteum.

How do compact and spongy bone differ in structure?

They are both made of osteocytes and layers of extracellular matrix but in spongy they
dont aggregate around central canals.

Describe the microscopic structure of compact bone.

Osteocytes occupy lacunae which form concentric circles around central canals.
Development and Growth
Describe the development of intramembranous bone.
Membranelike layers of unspecialized or relatively undifferentiated, connective tissues
appear at the site and then osteoblasts is surrounded by extracellular matrix

What is the difference between osteoclasts and osteoblasts?

Explain how osteoclasts and osteoblasts remodel bone.
Organization
Axial vs. Appendicular skeleton?

Joints
Describe the characteristics of the three major types of joints.
Fibrous-closely connected
Cartilaginous-separate the vertebrae column
Synovial-free movement
Name six types of synovial joints.
Ball and socket, condyloid, gliding joint, hinge joint, pivot joint, saddle joint.
What terms describe movements possible at synovial joints?
Flexion, extension, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, hyper extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, pronation,
supination, eversion, inversion, retraction, protraction, elevation, depression.