ANALELE S TIINT IFICE ALE UNIVERSITAT II AL.I.

CUZA IAS
I
Tomul XLV, s.I a, Matematic
a, 1999, f.2.

SOME RESULTS ON HARMONIC SECTIONS

OF COTANGENT BUNDLES*

BY

V. OPROIU and N. PAPAGHIUC

Abstract. Let (M,g) be a Riemannian manifold and consider a symmetric M

tensor field defined by the components hij (q,p), on the cotangent bundle T M of M .
Then T M may be endowed with a semiRiemannian metric G of Riemann extension
type, defined by the LeviCivita connection of g and the M tensor field hij . A 1form
on M may be thought of as a map :(M,g)(T M,G). We study the conditions
under which the map is either an isometric immersion, or a totally geodesic map, or a
harmonic map. Then we study the property of G to be harmonic with respect to g .

Introduction. The notion of a harmonic mapping between the

Riemannian manifolds (M, g), (N, h) where M is compact, arised from the
problem of minimizing the energy integral ([7]):
Z
1 2
E() = kdk vg .
2 M

This notion can be generalized in many ways ([6]). First of all, the mini-
mization problem for the energy integral remains still valid when the Rie-
mannian metric h is replaced by a semiRiemannian one, although it is not
expected to obtain zero as the minimal value of E(). Moreover, the formal
expression of the tension of (obtained from the variation of E()) can
N
be considered even if on N it is taken a linear connection which is not
necessarily the LeviCivita connection of a (semi) Riemannian metric h on

* Partially supported by the Grant 644/1997, Ministerul Invatamantului

276 V. OPROIU and N. PAPAGHIUC 2

N . Remark that the second fundamental form d of a differentiable map-

ping : M N can be defined even in the case where M, N are endowed
M N
with two torsion free linear connections , respectively. In [10] the first
author has studied some problems concerning the harmonicity for a 1-form
on a Riemannian manifold (M, g) where is thought of as a differentiable
mapping from M to its cotangent bundle T M , endowed with a semiRie-
mannian metric of Riemann extension type (see [14], [4], [12]). Remark that
similar problems have been considered for vector fields and, more general,
for tensor fields, when the tangent bundle or the corresponding tensor bun-
dle are endowed with Riemannian metrics of Sasaki type ([1], [8], [16], [17],
[15]).
In the present paper we study some problems related to a 1-form
defined on a Riemannian space (M, g), thought of as a section in the
cotangent bundle T M , where T M is endowed with a semiRiemannian
metric G of Riemann extensiton type defined by the LeviCivita connection
of g and an arbitrary symmetric M -tensor field h of type (0, 2) on T M .
The 1-form on M defines a map : (M, g)(T M, G) and there are
some interesting relations between and h in the case where is totally
geodesic or harmonic. We determine the LeviCivita connection of G and
its curvature tensor field. Then we study the condition under which is
an isometric immersion. From the expression of the second quadratic form
of we get the notion of an H-geodesic immersion. If is an H-geodesic
isometric immersion then it is a totally geodesic immersion. We show that
there always exists a pseudoRiemannian metric G on T M such that the
components hij which define the symmetric M tensor h are dependent of
the cotangential coordinates pi and is a totally geodesic immersion. Next,
there are obtained conditions for harmonicity of in the case where is an
H-geodesic map (see Theorem 8). Finally we show that, in the case where
is an H-geodesic map, the tensor field G is harmonic with respect to
g if and only if is harmonic.
The manifolds, tensor fiels and geometric objects we consider in this
paper, are assumed to be differentiable of class C . We use the well known
summation convention, the range for the indices i, j, k, h, `, s, t being always
1, ..., n. We shall denote by (T M ) the module of smooth vector fields on
TM.

1. The pseudoRiemannian metric on T M . Let M be an

n-dimensional smooth manifold and denote by : T M M its cotan-
gent bundle with fibres the cotangent spaces to M . Then T M is a 2n
dimensional manifold and some local charts, induced naturally from local
3 SOME RESULTS ON HARMONIC SECTIONS OF COTANGENT BUNDLES 277

charts on M , may be used. Namely, if (U, xi ); i = 1, ..., n is a local chart

on M , then the local chart ( 1 (U ), q i , pi ); i = 1, ..., n is defined on T M ,
whee q i = xi ; i = 1, ..., n (i.e. the first n local coordinates of a cotangent
vector are the local coordinates of its base point) and pi ; i = 1, ..., n are the
vector space coordinates of the considered cotangent vector with respect to
the natural local frame (dx1 , ..., dxn ) in T M , determined by the local chart
(U, xi ).
The M -tensor fields and linear M -connections can be considered on
T M and the usual tensor fields and linear connections on M may be consi-
dered as M -tensor fields and linear M -connections on T M depending only
on the base point of the cotangent vector. The M -tensor fields on T M cor-
responding to the covariant tensor fields on M do coincide with the pullback
of these tensor fields, by the differentiable mapping : T M M (see [9]
for the definition of the M -tensor field and the linear M -connection).
Let V T M = Ker T T M be the vertical distribution over T M .
Then V T M is involutive with fibre dimension n and the local vector fields

i = ; i = 1, ..., n define a local frame in V T M, over the domain 1 (U )
pi
of the induced local chart ( 1 (U ), q i , pi ) on T M . A nonlinear connection
on T M is defined by a complementary distribution HT M (called a hori-
zontal distribution) to V T M in T T M . A local frame in HT M , related
to the induced local chart ( 1 (U ), q i , pi ) is defined by the HT M valued

local vector fields i = i ; i = 1, ..., n where
q

i = = i Nij
q i q pj

The functions Nij = Nij (q, p); i, j = 1, ..., n, are the connection coeffi-
cients of the considered nonlinear connection in the induced local chart
( 1 (U ), q i , pi ); i = 1, ..., n. If the connection coefficients of the considered
nonlinear connection are symmetric, i.e. Nij = Nji then the nonlinear con-
nection is called symmetric. The property of the connection coefficients
Nij to be symmetric is independent of the chosen induced local chart on
T M and there always exists a symmetric nonlinear connection on T M .

If N ij are the connection coefficients of an arbitrary nonlinear connection
1
on T M then the functions Nij = (N ij + N ji ) define a symmetric non-
2
1
linear connection on T M , while the functions bij = (N ij N ji ) define
2
an M -tensor field of type (0, 2) on T M . In this paper we shall work with
278 V. OPROIU and N. PAPAGHIUC 4

symmetric nonlinear connections only. If we have a symmetric nonlinear

connection on T M , defined by the horizontal distribution HT M then:

(1) T T M = V T M HT M

and ( i , i ); i = 1, ..., n is a local frame in T T M , adapted to this direct sum

decomposition. The system of local 1-forms (dpi +Nji dq j , dq i ); i = 1, ..., n is
the dual local frame of the local frame ( i , i ); i = 1, ..., n. We have the fol-
lowing formulas giving the brackets of the vector fields from the considered
adapted local frame:

(2) [ i , j ] = 0, [ i , j ] = ijk k , [i , j ] = Rkij k

where

Njk , Njk Nik

(3) ijk = i Njk = Rkij = i Njk j Nik = i

pi q q j

Remark that the components ijk define a linear M -connection on T M

while the components Rkij define an M tensor field of type (0, 3) on T M .
It is obvious that the complete integrability of the differential system
on T M , defined by HT M is equivalent to the vanishing of the components
Rkij on 1 (U ).
Assume that the base manifold M is endowed with a (pseudo) Rie-
mannian metric g. Then it is determined the LeviCivita connection of
this metric, with the connection coefficients the Christoffel symbols kij and
the connection defines a symmetric nonlinear connection on T M with
the connection coefficients:

(4) Nij = pk kij

(i.e. Nij are linear in (co)tangential coordinates pk ).

Then the formulas (3) become:

(5) [ i , j = 0, [ i , j ] = ijk k , [i , j ] = Rkij

0
k,

0
where the components Rkij are defined by

0 h
Rkij = ph Rkij
5 SOME RESULTS ON HARMONIC SECTIONS OF COTANGENT BUNDLES 279

h
and Rkij are the components of the curvature tensor field of in the local
chart (U, xi ) on M . It is obvious that the components Rkij 0
define an M -

tensor field of type (0, 3) on T M . Consider an arbitrary symmetric M -
tensor field of type (0, 2) on T M , defined by the components hij = hij (q, p).
Then a pseudoRiemannian metric G is defined on T M by:

(6) G( i , j ) = 0, G( i , j ) = G(j , i ) = ji , G(i , j ) = 2hij .

Remark that the pseudoRiemannian metric G is very much similar to the

Riemann extension defined and studied in ([14], [11], [12], [13]). In the case
of Riemann extensions the M -tensor field defined by the components hij is
the pullback of symmetric covariant tensor field on the base manifold, i.e.
the components hij do not depend on pk . An alternative expression for the
metric G is:
G = 2dq i [dpi + (hij kij pk )dq j ].
The LeviCivita connection and the Riemann Christoffel tensor field
of the metric G may be obtained by a straightforward computation by using
their definitions. Then we obtain the following results.

Proposition 1. The LeviCivita connection

e of G is expressed in
i
the local adapted frame ( , i ) by:
e i j = 0,
e j = ( j hik j ) k ,
e i j = i hjk k ,
i ik

(7) e j = (k k hij )k + (R0 + 2hk` ` hij + i hjk +

i ij ijk
+j hik k hij ) k
where the components i hjk are defined by

i hjk = i hjk `ij h`k `ik hj` .

Remark that the components i hjk define an M -tensor field of type

(0, 3) on T M while the components i hjk , i j hk` define M -tensor fields
on T M of type (1, 2) and (2, 2), respectively.
Before we give the expression of the curvature tensor field of the con-
nection e we shall present some Ricci type commutation formulas for the
operators and acting on the M -tensor field defined by the components
hjk on T M . Then we have by a straightforward computation:

(8) i j hk` = j i hk`

280 V. OPROIU and N. PAPAGHIUC 6

and
0
(9) i j hkh j i hkh = R`ij ` hkh Rkij
` `
h`h Rhij hk` .

Remark that the last two terms in the right hand side of the relation (9) are
usual in the Ricci type commutation formulas while the first term in a new
one, arising from the dependence of the components hjk on the coordinates
pi .

Proposition 2. The curvature tensor field K of the connection

e on
i
T M is expressed in the local adapted frame ( , i ) by:

K( i , j ) k = K( i , j )k = 0, K( i , j ) k = i k hj` ` ,

K(i , j ) k = (Rhij
k
+ k i hjh k j hih + k hj` ` hih k hi` ` hjh ) h ,

K( i , j )k = h i hjk h +(Rjkh
i
+ i k hjh i h hjk + i hh` ` hjk

i hk` ` hjh +2hh` i ` hjk ) h ,

h
K(i , j )k = (Rkij h i hjk + h j hik + h hi` ` hjk h hj` ` hik )h+
(10)
+[i (k hjh h hjk )j (k hih h hik )0 Rijkh

` ` 0
hk` Rhij hh` Rkij +Rik` ` hjh +Rjh`
0
` hik Rih`
0
` hjk Rjk`
0
` hih+

+ ` hjk (h hi` ` hih +i hh` ) ` hik (h hj` ` hjh +j hh` )+

+ ` hih (j hk` +k hj` ` hjk ) ` hjh (i hk` +k hi` ` hik )+

+2hhm ( m hj` ` hik m hi` ` hjk )+2h`m ( m hjk ` hih m hik ` hjh )+

+2hh` ( ` i hjk ` j hik ] h

where Rijkh are the components of the Riemann Christoffel tensor field of
`
i.e. Rijkh = gi` Rjkh and 0 Rijkh = g ab pa b Rijkh .

Remark. The same formulas concerning the connection e and its

curvature tensor field may be obtained by using another nonlinear connec-
tion on T M and the results from [12], [13]. Namely, consider the nonlinear
7 SOME RESULTS ON HARMONIC SECTIONS OF COTANGENT BUNDLES 281

connection on T M defined by the connection coefficients

(11) N ij = Nij + hij = pk kij + hij .

Then the corresponding local adapted frame is ( i , k ), where

(12) k = k hk` `

and the pseudoRiemannian metric G es expressed by the formulas:

G( i , j ) = G(i , j ) = 0, G( i , j ) = G(j , i ) = ji .

The LeviCivita connection e of the pseudoRiemannian metric G on T M

with respect to the new adapted local frame is obtained by using the formulas
from [12] and [13].

(13) e i j = 0,
e j = j k ,
e i j = 0, e j = kij k + Rijk k
i ik i

where
kij = kij k hij ,

(14) Rkij = i N jk j N ik = Rkij

0
+ i hjk

j hik hi` ` hjk + hj` ` hik .

Remark that the components kij define a linear M -conncetion on

T M and the components Rkij define an M -tensor field of type (0, 3) on
T M . It can be seen easily that we obtain, in fact, the same connection if
we use the relations (12) between the operators i and i . If we introduce
the components:

i Rjk` = i Rjk` hij Rhk` hik Rjh` hi` Rjkh

which define an M -tensor field of type (0, 4) on T M , then the curvature

tensor field K of the LeviCivita connection e is given by:

K( i , j ) k = K( i , j )k = 0, K( i , j ) k = i k hjh h ,

(15) K(i , j ) k = k Rhij h , K( i , j )k = i h hjk h + i Rjkh h ,

K(i , j )k = h Rkij h + (i Rjkh j Rikh ) h

282 V. OPROIU and N. PAPAGHIUC 8

By using the relation (12) between the operators i and i it can be seen
easily that we have the same tensor field as that given by the formulas (10).
Now, we shall study the conditions under which the curvature tensor
field K of the connection
e vanishes, i.e. the conditions under which

K = 0.

By using the relations (15) we see that the M -tensor field deffined by the
components hij and the Riemannian metric g on M must satisfy the rela-
tions

(16) k ` hij = 0, h Rkij = 0, i Rjkh j Rikh = 0.

From the first condition (16) it follows that the components hij are given
as:

(17) hij = cij + bkij pk

where the components cij , bkij define tensor fields on the base manifold M ,
thought of as M -tensor fields on T M . Remark that, due to the symmetry
property hij = hji , we have cij = cji , bkij = bkji .
Next, from the second condition (16) we get, by using the second
expression (14) of Rkij the following condition:

(18) i bhjk j bhik = Rkij

h
+ bhi` b`jk bhj` b`ik .

Finally, from the third condition (16) or, equivalently, from the vanishing of
the coefficient of h in the expression (10) of K(i , j )k , we obtain

i (k cjh h cjk + ch` b`jk ck` b`jh )

j (k cih h cik + ch` b`ik ck` b`ih )+

+b`ih (k cj` ` cjk + c`a bajk cka baj` )

(19)
b`jh (k ci` ` cik + c`a baik cka bai` )

b`ik (h cj` ` cjh + c`a bajh cha baj` )+

+b`jk (h ci` ` cih + c`a baih cha bai` ) = 0.

9 SOME RESULTS ON HARMONIC SECTIONS OF COTANGENT BUNDLES 283

To obtain this relation we have used the conditions (18) fulfilled by the
components bkij and we should remark that, due to same conditions, the
coefficients of the (co)tangential coordinates vanished identically.
Hence, we may state:

Theorem 3. The connections e is flat if and only if the M tensor

field defined by the components hij is given by (17) and the tensor fields
defined by bkij , cij satisfy the conditions (18), (19).

Now we shall study the integrability conditions for the relations (18)
fulfilled by the tensor field defined by the components bkij on M , under the
condition K = 0, thought of as a partial differential system, as well as of
the relations:

(20) j ck` k cj` = cjh bhk` ckh bhj`

which assures the fulfillement of the condition (19).

The integrability conditions are expressed by using some Ricci com-
mutation formulas for the tensor fields on M defined by the components
bkij and cij and the relations (18), (20). Due to the specific aspect of the
relations (18), (20), similar to the expression of the exterior differential of a
1-form, the integrability conditions are expressed by covariant differentiation
of the relations (18), (20) with respect to the connection , then summing
up after appropriate cyclic permutations and using the relations (18), (20)
themselves. After a quite straightforward but long computation we find
that the integrability conditions for the relations (18), (20) are identically
fulfilled.

2. Harmonic sections of T M defined by 1-forms. Let be a

1-form on M . Then may be thought of as a map : M T M such
that = 1M . Using the local coordinates on M and T M , we have that
is defined by
q i = xi , pi = i (x); i = 1, ..., n.

Consider the pseudoRiemannian metric G on T M defined in section 1

by the LeviCivita connection of the Riemannian metric g on M and the
arbitrary symmetric M -tensor field h of type (0, 2) on T M . We shall study
the properties of related to the Riemannian metric g on M and the
pseudoRiemannian metric G on T M .
284 V. OPROIU and N. PAPAGHIUC 10

Proposition 4. The 1-form defines an isometric immersion if

and only if

(21) i j + j i = gij 2hij (x, ).

Proof. Use the local coordinate expression (6) of G. Then

(dq i ) = dxi , (dpi kij pk dq j ) = j i dxj

and
G = (i j + j i + 2hij (x, ))dxi dxj .
Thus the condition G = g is equivalent to (21).
From (21) we get

(22) k i j + k j i = 2k hij (x, ) 2k ` ` hij .

Next, from (22) we get by a straightforward computation, by using cyclic

permutations of i, j, k, the following relation
`
i j k = ` Rijk + k hij i hjk j hki +
(23)
+k ` ` hij i ` ` hjk j ` ` hki
satisfied by in the case of an isometric immersion : M T M.
Concerning the condition of complete integrability of the partial diffe-
rential system defined by (21) with the consequence (23) we get the following
results. First of all, from the Ricci identity
h h
(24) i j k ` j i k ` = h ` Rkij k h R`ij .

by taking into account that the sum of terms which contain must be
zero and assuming that n = dim M > 2, we get

(25) hij (x, ) = cij + bkij k ,

where the components cij , bkij define tensor fields on the base manifold M ,
thought of as M -tensor fields on T M . Remark that, due to the symmetry
property hij = hji , we have cij = cji , bkij = bkji . Next, by using (25) in (23)
we get
`
i j k = ` Rijk + k cij i cjk j cik + k bhij h
(26)
i bhjk h j bhik h + k h bhij i h bhjk j h bhik .
11 SOME RESULTS ON HARMONIC SECTIONS OF COTANGENT BUNDLES 285

Then, replacing (26) in (24), we get by a straightforward computation that

the condition of complete integrability of the partial differential system de-
fined by (21) with the consequence (23) is given by
h h h
(h i i h )Rjk` (h j j h )Rik` + (h k k h )R`ij

h
(h ` ` h )Rkij = 2 h h Rijk` + 2Rijk` 2cih Rjk`
h h
+ 2cjh Rik` +

+2i (` cjk k cj` ) 2j (` cik k ci` ) 2s bsih Rjk`

h
+

(27) +2s bsjh Rik`

h
+ 2i (` bhjk k bhj` )h 2j (` bhik k bhi` )h +

+2(` bhjk k bhj` )i h 2(` bhik k bhi` )j h +

+2(i bhjk j bhik )` h 2(i bh`j j bh`i )k h +

+2bhjk i ` h 2bhik j ` h 2bhj` i k h + 2bhi` j k h .

In order to obtain some classes of manifolds for which the condition

of complete integrability of the partial differential system defined by (21)
with the consequence (23) are satisfied, we assume that hij is of the form
(25) and the tensor fields defined by the components cij and bkij satisfy the
conditions (18) and (20) from section 1. Then, from Theorem 3 it follows
that the connection e on T M is flat.
Using (27) we get by a straightforward computation.

Proposition 5. Under the above assumptions, the condition of com-

plete integrability of the partial differential system (21) with the consequence
(23) is equivalent to
(28) Rijk` = ghs (bhjk bsi` bhik bsj` ).

Now we shall determine the second quadratic form d of the map-

ping : (M, g)(T M, G). Since is an immersion we may use the
formula (see [5], [16], [17])

(d )(X, Y ) =
e X T (X Y ); X, Y (M ).

We have  
,
= + i j
xi q i pj
286 V. OPROIU and N. PAPAGHIUC 12

so we get the following local coordinate expression of d

 
,
(d ) = k hij k + [i j k Rijk
h
h +
(29) xi xj
+i hjk + j hik k hij + j ` ` hik + i ` ` hjk + 2hk` ` hij ] k .

We say that the map : M T M is H-geodesic if we have

d L2 (T M ; V T M ).

From (29) and the above definition it follows that is H-geodesic if and
only if we have

(30) k hij (x, (x)) = 0.

Remarks. (i) If the components hij define a symmetric tensor field

on the base manifold M thought of as an M -tensor field on T M then
the relations (30) are identically satisfied. Therefore, in the case where hij
are independent of the cotangential coordinates pk then the map is H-
geodesic for any 1-form on M . This case has been completely studied by
the first author in [10].
(ii) If the components hij depend on the cotangential coordinates pk ,
we have that is H-geodesic if and only if the components ` of the 1-form
verify the relations (30).
By using (30) and comparing (29) with (23) we obtain

Theorem 6. If : M T M is an H-geodesic isometric immersion

then it is totally geodesic immersion.

Remark that in the case where hij are independent of the cotangential
coordinates pk , Theorem 6 becomes Theorem 4 from [10].
In order to obtain some examples of H-geodesic isometric immersions
in the essential case where the components hij depend on the cotangential
coordinates pk , we take

1 kh
hij (x, p) = cij (x) + bkij (x)pk Kij (x)pk ph
2

where the components cij , bkij , Kij

kh
define tensor fields on M thought of as

M -tensor fields on T M . Due to the symmetry property hij = hji , we have
13 SOME RESULTS ON HARMONIC SECTIONS OF COTANGENT BUNDLES 287

cij = cji , bkij = bkji , and Kij

kh
= Kji kh
= Kijhk
. From the conditions (30) we
get
bkij = Kij
kh
h .
Therefore, if the components hij (x, p) are expressed by

kh 1 kh
(31) hij (x, p) = cij (x) + Kij (x)h (x)pk Kij (x)pk ph
2

then the map is H-geodesic. Assuming that hij (x, p) are defined by (31),
the condition (21) which must be fulfilled by in order to be an isometric
immersion becomes

kh
(32) 2cij + Kij k h = gij i j j i .

Hence, if we take the components cij defined by

1 kh
(33) cij = (gij i j j i Kij k h ),
2
kh kh kh hk
where Kij satisfy the conditions Kij = Kji = Kji we have that (32) are
identically satisfied.
Hence we have

Proposition 7. If the components hij (x, p) are given by

1 kh kh 1 kh
hij = (gij i j j i Kij k h ) + Kij h pk Kij pk ph ,
2 2
kh
where Kij define a tensor field of type (2.2) on M thought of as an M -
tensor field on T M satisfying the conditions Kij kh kh
= Kji = Kijhk
, then

: (M, g)(T M, G) is an H-geodesic isometric immersion, therefore
is a totally geodesic immersion.

kh
Remark. If we take in Proposition 7 either Kij = ik jh + ih jk or
kh
Kij = ik jh + ih jk gij g kh we get two concrete examples of hij (x, p) such
that is a totally geodesic immersion.

Corollary. There always exists a pseudoRiemannian metric G of

type (6) on T M such that is a totally geodesic immesion.
288 V. OPROIU and N. PAPAGHIUC 14

The tension ( ) of is defined as being the trace of d and

the map is harmonic if ( ) = 0 (see [5]). Assume that is an H-
geodesic map. Then by using (29) and (30) we get that the local coordinate
expression of ( ) is

,
(34) ( ) = [g ij i j k + Rki i + 2i hik k (tr h)]
pk

where Rjk is the local coordinate expression of the Ricci tensor field (R)
of , Rki = g ij Rjk and tr h = hij g ij is the trace of h(x, ).
It is known (see [18], [10]) that the 1-form is geodesic if the vector
field # defined by the components i = g ij j is geodesic, i.e.

(35) g ij i j k + Rik i = 0.

A symmetric tensor field c of type (0, 2) on M is harmonic with respect

1
to the (pseudo) Riemannian metric g if c + d(tr c) = 0 (see [18], [2]) i.e.
2
1
(36) i cik + (tr c) = 0.
2
Now we can state

Theorem 8. Let : (M, G)(T M, G) be an H-geodesic map.

Then the following three assertions hold

(i) If is a geodesic 1-form on M and the symmetric tensor field h of type

(0, 2) on M defined by the components hij (x, ) is harmonic then the
map is harmonic.
(ii) If (M, J, g) is a K ahler manifold and is a 1-form on M such that
# is a holomorphic vector field on M then is harmonic if and
only if the symmetric tensor field h of type (0, 2) on M defined by the
components hij (x, ) is a harmonic tensor field.
(iii) If the M-tensor field h is defined by the components hij (x, p) given in
Proposition 7 then is harmonic.

Proof. (i) is obvious from the formula (34) and the definitions (35),
(35) of the geodesic 1-form and the harmonic symmetric tensor field of type
(0, 2), by taking into account that is assumed to be H-geodesic. The
result of (ii) is obtained easily since it is known, (see [18], [10]), that a
15 SOME RESULTS ON HARMONIC SECTIONS OF COTANGENT BUNDLES 289

holomorphic vector field on a Kahler manifold is geodesic. The assertion

(iii) is obvious from Proposition 7.
Now we study the harmonicity of the tensor field G with respect
to g. If the restriction of G to (M )T M is nondegenerate then the
harmonicity of G with respect to g is equivalent to the harmonicity of the
map : M (M ) and this happens if and only if ( ) is orthogonal
to (M ). We get by a straightforward computation
    

G ( ), = G ( ), k =
xk q
= ( )k 2g ij ` hij (x, (x))h`k (x, (x)).

Thus we may state

Theorem 9. Let : (M, g)(T M, G) be an H-geodesic map.

Then G is harmonic if and only if is harmonic.

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Received: 19.XI.1997 Faculty of Mathematics
University Al.I. Cuza of Iasi
ROMANIA
e-mail: voproiu@uaic.ro

Department of Mathematics
Technical University of Iasi
ROMANIA
e-mail: npapag@math.tuiasi.ro