Prof.

Francisco Zabala - 2015

The English Pure Vowels

A vowel is a sound in the production of which the air-stream comes out through the mouth (and
nose), centrally over the tongue, and metes a stricture of open approximation (Finch & Ortz-Lira,
1982, p. 189).

Characteristics of vowels:
They can stand on their own. Some MONSYLLABIC WORDS illustrate this point: ear, or, out, err,
air, I, owe, etc.
They occur in the nucleus of the syllable, so they are CENTRAL. E.g. peas, ease, pee.
The air escapes freely through the mouth. This means that they are CONTINUANT because the
airflow does not stop. Also, they are FRICTIONLESS because the organs are sufficiently apart so
as not to produce turbulence.
They are normally VOICED because there is vibration of the vocal folds.
They are mainly ORAL because the air escapes through the ORAL cavity. However, they can be
NASALISED when they are in contact with .l+ m+ M.. Block your nostrils with your fingers and
compare the word reader with morning. Which of the two has a continuous nasal resonance?
They are better described AUDITORILY because it is difficult to see what happens inside your
mouth. Also, it takes a lot of practice to be able to manipulate your organs of speech at will!
The articulatory features that make vowels different from each other are: TENSENESS, the shape
of the lips, their relative length and QUALITY. Remember that the last feature is the most
transcendental.

The vowel chart is used as a visual aid for

understanding the quality of the vowel system in a
language. It is based on the cardinal vowel diagram,
devised by Daniel Jones. These cardinal vowels do not
exist in any language in particular; they are abstractions
which serve as a reference point to describe and
compare the vowels in a language, and also across
languages. The vertical axis of the chart indicates the
degree of opening of the jaw and its connection with the
raising or lowering of the tongue. The horizontal axis
shows the part of the tongue that is raised the most and
forms the narrowest stricture in the oral tract.

Vowel chart adapted from Cruttenden (2014)

 Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2015

.H. KIT Vowel N2

Listen to .H.

Trim (1995, p.15)

 Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2015

.H.
.H. KIT Vowel N2
DISTRIBUTION: Restricted
Initial Medial Final
inn .!Hm. shrink .!RqHMj.
SPELLINGS
BVP <i> ill .!Hk. since
since .!rHmr.
Common <-ing> ending singing .!rHMHM. s setting .!rdsHM.
<e> plural & past churches .!sR29sRHy. added
added .!zcHc.
Less <e> women .!vHlHm. E English .!HMfkHR.
common <y> myth .!lHS. rrhythm .!qHCl.
village .!uHkHcY. certificate
certificate
<a>
.r?!sHeHjHs.
<o> women .!vHlHm.
Exceptions
<u> busy .!aHyh.
<ui> building .!aHkcHM. biscuit
biscuit .!aHrjHs.
<ie> sieve .!rHu.

Tips:
Basic vowel pattern in the spelling.
This is a checked vowel, this means that it cannot occur in word-final
word final position.
This is similar to the Spanish sound in the incredulous version of s, s (sometimes spelt se se)
se or
the words Sixto, mixto.
Think of Spanish /i/ and drop your jaws a bit more.
This sound can be stressed (e.g. sit
s .!rHs.) or unstressed (e.g. sitting .!rHsHM.). The following weak, and
extremely frequent words, contain this sound: in, is, it, its, its, if, this, with, his, him, etc.

Transcribe:
1. Phil is ill.
2. Is this fish English?
3. Will Miss Lynch live in this village?
4. Sit, Mrs. Swiss.
5. Miss Willis Smith is in this film.

Key:
1. .!eHk Hy !Hk.
2. .Hy CHr !eHR !HMfkHR.
3. .vHk !lHr !kHmsR { !kHu Hm CHr !uHkHcY
!kHu Hm CHr !uHkHcY.
4. .!rHs !lHrHy !rvHr.
5. .!lHr !vHkHr !rlHS { Hy Hm CHr !eHkl
!lHr !vHkHr !rlHS { Hy Hm CHr !eHkl.

 Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2015

.h9. FLEECE Vowel N1

Contrast .h9. with .H.

Trim (1995, p.16)

 Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2015

FLEECE Vowel N1
.h9. FLEECE
DISTRIBUTION: Full
Initial Medial Final
Eve .!h9u. team .!sh9l. see = C= sea .!rh9.
SPELLINGS
Common All <ee> weep .!vh9o.
the vowel Most <e> Pete .!oh9s. tthese .!Ch9y.
says its
name Most <ea> mean .!lh9m. feast
feast .!eh9rs.
machine .l?!Rh9m.
<i>
kilo .!jh9k?T.
Less <ie> piece .!oh9r. believe
. believe .aH!kh9u.
common receive .qH!rh9u.
<ei>
conceit .j?m!rh9s.
<ey> key .!jh9.
Exceptions <eo> people .!oh9ok.

Tips:
Spellings: silent <-e>,
e>, magic <-y>,
< y>, two vowels together where the first one says its name.
name
This is similar to the Spanish sound in the the words ta, ma.
Think of Spanish /i/ and close your jaws a bit more. Smile a bit, this helps!

Transcribe:
1. Phoebe eats cream cheese.
2. Will we greet these people?
3. Feed these three beasts, please!
4. Leave these seats free, Jean.
5. Keep these green leaves clean.

Key:
1. .!eh9ah !h9sr !jqh9l !sRh9y
!eh9ah !h9sr !jqh9l !sRh9y.
2. .vHk vh !fqh9s Ch9y !oh9ok
vHk vh !fqh9s Ch9y !oh9ok.
3. .!eh9c Ch9y !Sqh9 !ah9rsr !okh9y
!eh9c Ch9y !Sqh9 !ah9rsr !okh9y.
4. .!kh9u Ch9y !rh9sr !eqh9 !cYh9m
!kh9u Ch9y !rh9sr !eqh9 !cYh9m.
5. .!jh9o Ch9y !fqh9m !kh9uy !jkh9m
!jh9o Ch9y !fqh9m !kh9uy !jkh9m.
 Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2015

.?. Schwa
Vowel N12
Focus on the stressed syllabes and .?. ocurring
ocurring everywhere else
else

Trim (1995, p.33)

 Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2015

Schwa Vowel N12

.?. Schwa
DISTRIBUTION: Full
Initial Medial Final
ago .?!f?T. writers .!q`Hs?y. teacher .!sh9sR?.
SPELLINGS
<a> again .?!fdm. cancan .j?m.
<o> professional .oq?!edRmk. of of .?u.
Common
<e> achievement .?!sRh9ul?ms. the the .C?.
<er, re> singer .!rHM?
rHM?. centre
centre .!rdms?. herher .g?.
<i> easily .!h9y?kh.
<u> album .!zka?l. but .a?s.
<ar> particular .o?!sHji?k?.
Less
<or> actor .!zjs?. for
for .e?.
common
<our> neighbour .!mdHa?.
<ure> nature .!mdHsR?.
<ou> famous .!edHl?r.

Tips:
Its the Queen of English because its the most frequent vowel by far!
Most unstressed syllables take Schwa.
The following weak words take schwa: am, are, can, had, has, have, does, do (+consonant), must,
shall, was, were, her,
r, us, them, a, an, the (+consonant), and, as, but, than, that, at, for, from, of, to
(+consonant), some, there.
Make sure you cram and lower the volume of those syllables containing Schwa (E.g. There were
some professors at the conference .C? v? r?l oq?!edr?y ?s C? !jPme?q?mr.

Transcribe:
1. The fisher has visited the teacher.
2. My niece, Melissa, is from the south of England.
3. The old spinsters are eating at the local cinema.
4. Mr. Smithson and Miss Simpson are the winners.
5. An infamous but interesting sinner.

Key:
1. .C? !eHR? { g?y !uHyHsHc C? !sh9sR?
sHc C? !sh9sR?.
2. .l`H !mh9r { l?!kHr? { Hy eq?l C? !r`TS ?u !HMfk?mc
l`H !mh9r { l?!kHr? { Hy eq?l C? !r`TS ?u !HMfk?mc.
3. .Ch !?Tkc !roHmrs?y ?q !h9sHM ?s C? !k?Tj'?(k !rHm?l?
Ch !?Tkc !roHmrs?y ?q !h9sHM ?s C? !k?Tj'?(k !rHm?l?.
4. .!lHrs? !rlHSr'?(m { ?m !lHr !rHlor?m { ? C? !vHm?y
!lHrs? !rlHSr'?(m { ?m !lHr !rHlor?m { ? C? !vHm?y.
5. .?m !Hme?l?r { a?s !Hmsq?rsHM !rHm?.
 Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.d. DRESS
Vowel N3
Listen to .d.

Trim (1995, p.17)

 Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

DRESS Vowel N3
.d. DRESS
DISTRIBUTION: Restricted
Initial Medial Final
L .!dk. said .!rdc.
SPELLINGS
Common BVP <e> leg .!kdf. w
. when .!vdm.
Less dead .!cdc.
<ea>
common steady .!rsdch.
<ie> friend .!eqdmc.
ate .!ds. lany
. any .!ldmh.
<a>
any .!dmh
!dmh. Thames
Thames .!sdly.
<u> bury .!adqh.
Exceptions
<ei> Leicester .!kdrs?.
says .!rdy. said
said /!rdc.
<ai, ay>
against
against .?!fdmrs.
<eo> Geoffrey .!cYdeqh.

Tips:
Basic vowel pattern in the spelling.
Think of Spanish /e// and drop your jaws a bit more. The English /e/ is more open than the Spanish
/e/. It may be found in Spanish words like perro, ley.

Transcribe:
1. Wednesday the 10th of September, 2012.
2. Geoffrey Reynolds has buried many dead men.
3. Helen, Melanie and Emily are from Reading.
4. Dreadful weather, isnt it Rebecca?
5. Why should I represent
ent her at the French embassy?

Key:
1. .!vdmycdH C? !sdmS ?u rdo!sdla? { !svdmsh !svdku
!vdmycdH C? !sdmS ?u rdo!sdla? { !svdmsh !svdku.
2. .!cYdeqh !qdm'?(kcy { g?y !adqhc !ldmh !cdc !ldm
!cYdeqh !qdm'?(kcy { g?y !adqhc !ldmh !cdc !ldm.
3. .!gdk?m { !ldk?mh { ?m !dl
!gdk?m { !ldk?mh { ?m !dlHkh { ? eq?l !qdcHM.
4. .!cqdcek !vdC? { !Hyms Hs q?!adj?
!cqdcek !vdC? { !Hyms Hs q?!adj?.
5. .!v`H R?c `H !qdoqH!ydms 'g(?q ?s C? !eqdmsR !dla?rh
!v`H R?c `H !qdoqH!ydms 'g(?q ?s C? !eqdmsR !dla?rh.
 Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.29. NURSE Vowel N1111

Listen to .29.

Trim (1995, p.31)

 Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

NURSE Vowel N11

.29. NURSE
DISTRIBUTION:
IBUTION: Full
Initial Medial Final
earth .!29S. word .!v29c. stir .!rs29.
SPELLINGS
All stressed, word
her .!g29. fir
fir, fur .!e29.
fir,
final <er, ir, ur>
Common alert .?!k29s. circle
circle .!r29jk.
All <er, ir, ur> +
Consonant curl .!j29k.
word .!v29c. world
world .!v29kc. wor
worth
worth
<w> + <or> .!v29S. wor
work .!v29j.
work
Less worse .!v29r. wor
worse worst .!v29rs.
worst
common
<our> journey .!cY29mh. courtesy
courtesy .!j29srh.
<ear> search .!r29sR. heard
heard .!g29c.
Exceptions Colonel .!j29mk.,, milieu .!lh9ki29.,, bleu .!ak29.

Tips:
Theress generally an <r> involved in the spelling.
spelling
This is similar to a long Schwa: e.g. but .a?s. vs. Burt .!a29s..
You should do NOTHING to produce this sound. Botox Bot effect: dontt spread your lips, dont
don round
your lips, dontt lower your jaw, and dont raise your jaw!

Transcribe:
1. Colonel Quirk has referred to Ernest Byrne.
2. Does Shirley still work for a Turkish firm?
3. HER word is worthless, sir.
4. Some Germans lived in the worst circumstances.
5. A 1st rate surgeon was murdered in Birmingham.

Key:
1. .!j29m'?(k !jv29j 'g(?y qH!e29c st !29m?rs !a29m. .q?!e29c+ !29mHrs.
.!j29m'?(k !jv29j 'g(?y qH!e29c st !29m?rs !a29m. .q?!e29c+ !29mHrs.
2. .c?y !R29kh !rsHk !v29j e?q ? !s29jHR !e29l. .!cUy.
.c?y !R29kh !rsHk !v29j e?q ? !s29jHR !e29l. .!cUy.
3. .!g29 !v29c Hy !v29Sk?r !r29. .!v29SkHr.
!kHuc Hm C? !v29rs !r29j?lrs?mrHy. .!r29j?lrs@9mrHy+ !r29j?lrszmrHy.
4. .!rUl !cY29l?my { !kHuc Hm C? !v29rs !r29j?lrs?mrHy. .!r29j?lrs@9mrHy+ !r29j?lrszmrHy.
5. . ? !e29rs !qdHs !r29cY'?(m v?y !l29c?c Hm !a29lHM?l.
!r29cY'?(m v?y !l29c?c Hm !a29lHM?l.

 Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.z. Z`\
Z`\ TRAP Vowel N4
N
Listen to .z.

Trim (1995, p.18)

 Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

Z`\ TRAP Vowel N44

.z. Z`\
DISTRIBUTION: Restricted
Initial Medial Final
apple .!zok. sang .!rzM.
SPELLINGS
Common BVP <a> grab .!!fqza. add
add .!zc.
<ai> plaid .!okzc. plait
. plait .!okzs.
<i> timbre .!szla?.
Exceptions
<ei> reveille .q?!uzkh.
<ua> guarantee .$fzq?m!sh9.
guarantee
Notice!!! Letters <o> & <u>> are never .z..

Tips:
Basic vowel pattern in the spelling.
This sound is very clear in American English (think of The Nanny).
You need to lower your jaw and spread
spre your lips. Smile!

Transcribe:
1. Thanks! That was really fantastic, Grandad!
2. Daniel Appleby has married Janet Atkinson.
3. The manager is having a massive salmon sandwich.
4. Antony and Gary fancy that activity.
5. That wild animal has attacked a lamb, maam.

Key:
1. .!SzMjr { Czs v?y !qH?kh ezm!szrsHj !fqzmczc
!SzMjr { Czs v?y !qH?kh ezm!szrsHj !fqzmczc.
2. .!czmi?k !zokah { g?y !lzqhc
!czmi?k !zokah { g?y !lzqhc !cYzmHs !zsjHmr?m.
3. .C? !lzmHcY?q Hy !gzuHM ? !lzrHu !rzl?m !rzlvHcY
C? !lzmHcY?q Hy !gzuHM ? !lzrHu !rzl?m !rzlvHcY.
4. .!zms?mh ?m !fzqh { !ezmrh Czs zj!sHu?sh
!zms?mh ?m !fzqh { !ezmrh Czs zj!sHu?sh.
5. .Czs !v`Hkc !zmHlk { g?y ?!szjs ? !kzl !lzl
mHlk { g?y ?!szjs ? !kzl !lzl.
 Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.U. STRUT Vowel N10

Contrast .z. with .U.

Trim (1995, p.21)

 Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

STRUT Vowel N10

.U. STRUT
DISTRIBUTION: Restricted
Initial Medial Final
under.!Umc?.
under front .!eqUms.
SPELLINGS
Common BVP <u> up .!Uo. fun
fun .!eUm.
<o> oven .!Uum. worry
. worry .!vUqh.
Less southern .!rUCm.
<ou>
common country .!jUmsqh.
<ou> + <gh> tough .!sUe. enough
enough .?!mUe.
<oo> blood .!akUc. flood
flood .!ekUc.
Exceptions does .!cUy.
<oe>
doesnt .!cUyms.
Notice!!! Letter <a> is never .UU..

Tips:
Basic vowel pattern in the spelling.
It may be spelt with <o> or <u> but never <a>.
You need to look miserable when you produce this sound, as you need to lower your jaw and
avoid smiling.

Transcribe:
1. Are the buns in the oven, Duncan?
2. Cousin Humphrey has just rung up the company.
3. They may come to London for lunch this Monday.
4. Southern Russia has been flooded.
5. Justin and Dustin are in front of the judges.

Key:
1. .? C? !aUmy Hm Ch !Uu'?(m !cUMj?m. .!@9 C? !aUmy Hm Ch !Uu'?(m !cUMj?m.
.? C? !aUmy Hm Ch !Uu'?(m !cUMj?m. .!@9 C? !aUmy Hm Ch !Uu'?(m !cUMj?m.
2. .!jUy'H(m !gUl'o(eqh 'g(?y cY?r's( !qUM !Uo C? !jUlo'?(mh. .!jUy'?(m+ !cYUr's(.
.!jUy'H(m !gUl'o(eqh 'g(?y cY?r's( !qUM !Uo C? !jUlo'?(mh. .!jUy'?(m+ !cYUr's(.
3. .CdH ldH !jUl s? !kUmc?m e? !kUmsR CHr !lUmcdH.
4. .!rUC'?(m !qUR? 'g(?y aHm !ekUcHc. .ah9m.
5. .!cYUrsHm ?m !cUrsHm ?q Hm !eqUms ?u C? !cYUcYHy.
.!cYUrsHm ?m !cUrsHm ?q Hm !eqUms ?u C? !cYUcYHy.

 Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.@9.
@9. BATH Vowel N5
Contrast .@9. with .U.

Trim (1995, p.23)

 Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.@9. BATH Vowel N5

DISTRIBUTION: Full
Initial Medial Final
art .!@9s. bath .!a@9S. spa .!ro@9.
SPELLINGS
Most <ar> hard .!g@9c. bar
bar .!a@9.
Some <a> + nasal answer .!@9mr?.
Common + consonant chance .!sR@9mr.
Some <a> +
past .!o@9rs. after
after .!@9es?.
voiceless fricative
<ear> heart .!g@9s. hearth
hearth .!g@9S.
clerk .!jk@9j. Derby
Derby .!c@9ah.
Less <er>
sergeant .!r@9cY?ms.
common
<au> laugh .!k@9e. aunt
aunt .!@9ms.
<al> calm .!j@9l. half
half .!g@9e.
reservoir .!qdy?uv@9.
reservoir
<oir>
Exceptions memoir .!ldlv@9.
<oire> repertoire .!qdo?sv@9.

Tips:
Note that some BATH words take .@9. in British English and .z. in American English
Engl (e.g. class,
grass, pass, answer, laugh,, etc.).
etc.) (See BATH WORDS overleaf.)
This vowel is produced at the back of your oral cavity and you need to lower your jaws a lot.
lot This
is similar to the sound you produce when you yawn.

Transcribe:
1. Are the Parkers from Argentina?
2. Charles and Charlotte arent in France now.
3. Martin Grant cant pass his drama class, Francis.
4. Our aunt married a bank clerk from Derby.
5. The dance can start after half past one.

Key:
1. .!@9 C? !o@9j?y eq?l !@9cY?m!sh9m?
!@9 C? !o@9j?y eq?l !@9cY?m!sh9m?.
2. .!sR@9ky ?m !R@9k?s { !@9ms Hm !eq@9mr !m`T
!sR@9ky ?m !R@9k?s { !@9ms Hm !eq@9mr !m`T.
3. .!l@9sHm !fq@9ms { !j@9ms !o@9r 'g(Hy !cq@9l? !jk@9r !eq@9mrHr
!fq@9ms { !j@9ms !o@9r 'g(Hy !cq@9l? !jk@9r !eq@9mrHr.
4. .@9q !@9ms { !lzqhc ? !azMj !jk@9j { eq?l !c@9ah
@9q !@9ms { !lzqhc ? !azMj !jk@9j { eq?l !c@9ah.
5. .C? !c@9mr j?m !rs@9s { !@9es? !g@9e !o@9rs !vUm
C? !c@9mr j?m !rs@9s { !@9es? !g@9e !o@9rs !vUm.
 Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

BATH words

Collins, B. & Mees, I. (2013) Practical phonetics and phonology.

phonology Oxon: Routledge. Page 105.
 Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.P.
P. LOT Vowel N6
Contrast .@9. with .P.
 Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

Trim (1995, p.26)

.P.. LOT Vowel N6

DISTRIBUTION: Restricted
Initial Medial Final
off .!Pe. God .!fPc..
SPELLINGS
BVP <o> boss .!aPr. snog
snog .!rmPf.
Common
All <-ock> sock .!rPj. clock
clock .!jkPj.
Less <a> after <w, wh, wallet .!vPkHs. quality .!jvPk?sh.
common qu> quantity .!jvPms?sh. what
what .!vPs.
because .aH!jPy. laurel .!kPq?k.
sausage .!rPrHcY.
<au>
cauliflower .!jPkHek`T?.
Exceptions bureaucracy .aiT?!qPjq?rh.
cough .!jPe. knowledge
knowledge .!mPkHcY.
<ow, ou>
Gloucester .!fkPrs?.
Gloucester
<a> quarrel .!jvPq?k. ya cht .!iPs.
yach
yacht

Tips:
Basic vowel pattern in the spelling.
This is similar to the Spanish sound in Hola when people try out a microphone in a sound test.
test
Think of Spanish /o// and drop
dro your jaws a bit more.

Transcribe:
1. The fashion
on model lost her horror novel in Florence.
2. What a common officer Thomas was!
3. Those socks have cost me five dollars.
4. Nonsense! This is not a monotonous song, Oliver.
5. The Austins got us a horrible orange coffee pot.

Key:
1. .C? !ezR'?(m !lPc'?(k !kPrs 'g(? !gPq? !mPu'?(k Hm !ekPq?mr.
2. .!vPs ? !jPl?m !PeHr? !sPl?r !vPy.
.!vPs ? !jPl?m !PeHr? !sPl?r !vPy.
3. .C?Ty !rPjr 'g(?u !jPr's( lh !e`Hu !cPk?y.
.C?Ty !rPjr 'g(?u !jPr's( lh !e`Hu !cPk?y.
4. .!mPmr'?(mr {{ CHr Hy !mPs ? l?!mPs?m?r !rPM !PkHu?.
.!mPmr'?(mr {{ CHr Hy !mPs ? l?!mPs?m?r !rPM !PkHu?
5. .Ch !PrsHmy !fPs ?r ? !gPq?a'?(k !PqHmcY !jPeh !oPs. .!N9rsHmy+ !Pq?mcY.
.Ch !PrsHmy !fPs ?r ? !gPq?a'?(k !PqHmcY !jPeh !oPs. .!N9rsHmy+ !Pq?mcY.

 Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.N9. THOUGHT Vowel N7

N
Contrast .N9. with .P.

Trim (1995, p.28)

 Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

THOUGHT Vowel N77

.N9. THOUGHT
DISTRIBUTION: Full
Initial Medial Final
we, oar, or .!N9.
awe, taught .!sN9s. law, lore .!kN9.
SPELLINGS
All <aw> saw .!rN9. hawk
hawk .!gN9j.

war .!vN9. more

more .!lN9.
Common Most <or, ore>
born, borne .!aN9m.
born,
Most <oar> board .!aN9c.
Most <au> cause .!jN9y. daughter
daughter /!cN9s?.
<a> + <l> talk .!sN9j. all
all .!N9k.
<ar> after <w, qu> war .!vN9. quarter
quarter .!jvN9s?.
Less
<oor> door .!cN9. floor
floor .!ekN9.
common
<our> court .!jN9s. four
four .!eN9.
<ough> + cons. bought .!aN9s. ought
ought .!N9s.
<oa> broad .!aqN9c.
Exceptions <a> water .!vN9s?.
<ure> sure .!RN9. pure
pure .!oiN9.

Tips:
Spellings with <or> or a combination of several vowels (e.g. <au, our, oa, aw, etc.).
etc.)
This is similar to the Spanish sound found in the speech of elderly seoras
seoras paquetas
paquetas (e.g. la
seooooora de Ochoooooa,, Graciela Booooorges,)) and the idiosyncratic Ooooocho as spoken
by Riverito.
Place your lips in the shape of a Spanish .t. but say a Spanish .n. sound. .N9. is
.N9. 80% .t. and 20%
.n..

Transcribe:
1. Sean saw the thunderstorm from the shore.
2. Your daughter is drawing a white horse.
3. George ordered some more port from the store.
4. Walk with me. We need to talk, Laura.
5. Theres some chalk in the top drawers.

Key:
1. .!RN9m !rN9 C? !SUmc?rsN9l eq'?(l C? !RN9.
.!RN9m !rN9 C? !SUmc?rsN9l eq'?(l C? !RN9.
2. .iN9 !cN9s?q Hy !cqN9HM ? !v`Hs !gN9r.
.iN9 !cN9s?q Hy !cqN9HM ? !v`Hs !gN9r.
3. .!cYN9cY !N9c?c r'?(l !lN9 !oN9s eq'?(l C? !rsN9.
.!cYN9cY !N9c?c r'?(l !lN9 !oN9s eq'?(l C? !rsN9.
4. .!vN9j vHC lh {{ vh !mh9c s? !sN9j !kN9q?.
.!vN9j vHC lh {{ vh !mh9c s?
5. .C?y r'?(l !sRN9j Hm C? !sPo !cqN9y.
.C?y r'?(l !sRN9j Hm C? !sPo !cqN9y.
 Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.T. FOOT Vowel N8

Contrast .t9. with .T.

Trim (1995, p.29)

 Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.T. FOOT Vowel N8

DISTRIBUTION: Restricted
Initial Medial Final
oops .!Tor.((rare)
rare) push .!oTR.
push
SPELLINGS
Some <u> (BVP & put .!oTs. butcher .!aTsR?.
put
others) cushion .!jTRm. sugar
sugar .!RTf?.
Common Most <-ook> book .!aTj. look
look .!kTj.
good .!fTc. wood
wood .!vTc.
Some <oo>
wool .!vTk. h
wool hood .!gTc.
could .jTc. should
should
<ou>
Less .RTc. w
would .vTc.
common bosom .!aTyl. wolfwolf .!vTke.
<o>
woman .!vTl?m.
woman
Exceptions worsted .!vTrsHc., Worcester .!vTrs?.

Tips:
Basic vowel pattern in the spelling & <-ook>.
This is similar to the Spanish sound in burro, curro.
Modern .T. is somewhat a mixture of .n., .t. and .?.-

Transcribe:
1. Robin Bush is reading a good cookery book.
2. You shouldnt look at that woman.
3. Mr Brooks, the butcher,
butche is wearing a woolen hood.
4. Has Mrs Fulton really got a wooden foot?
5. This cushion is stained with Worcestershire sauce.

Key:
1. .!qPaHm !aTR Hy !qh9cHM ? !fTc !jTj'?(qh !aTj.
.!qPaHm !aTR Hy !qh9cHM ? !fTc !jTj'?(qh !aTj.
2. .it !RTc'?(ms !kTj ?s !Czs !vTl?m.
3. .!lHrs? !aqTjr { C? !aTsR? { Hy !vd?qHM ? !vTk?m !gTc.
4. .!gzy !lHrHy !eTks'?(m !qH?kh !fPs ? !vTc'?(m !eTs.
'?(m !qH?kh !fPs ? !vTc'?(m !eTs.
5. .CHr !jTR'?(m Hy !rsdHmc vHC !vTrs?R? !rN9r. .!vTrs?RH?.
.CHr !jTR'?(m Hy !rsdHmc vHC
Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

 Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

.t9. GOOSE Vowel N99

Listen to .t9.

Trim (1995, p.30)

 Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2014

GOOSE Vowel N9
.t9. GOOSE
DISTRIBUTION: Full
Initial Medial Final
ooze .!t9y. food .!et9c. grew .!fqt9.
SPELLINGS
<u>+Cons+silent<e> cute .!jit9s. tune
tune .!sit9m.
Most <ew> crew .!jqt9. bbrew .!aqt9.
crew
Common Many <oo> shoot .!Rt9s. loose
loose .!kt9r.
Susan .!rt9ym. music
music .!lit9yHj.
Many <u>
crucial .!jqt9Rk.
<o> do .!ct9. move
move .!lt9u.
Less <ou> group .!fqt9o. through
through .!Sqt9.
common <ui> juice .!cYt9r. cruise
cruise .!jqt9y.
<ue> blue .!akt9. queue
queue .!jit9.
Exceptions <eau> beauty .!ait9sh.

Tips:
Spellings: silent <-e>
e> & two vowel letters to show its
it a long vowel.
This may be similar to the Spanish /u/ in pa, ganza.

Transcribe:
1. Is Andrew in the queue with you, too?
2. Whose menu did YOU choose, Ruth?
3. Jude Lewis is a gloomy fool.
4. Most universities are huge in the USA.
5. Susan and Bruce are in the nude
n by the pool!

Key:
1. .Hy !zmcqt9 Hm C? !jit9 vHC it { !st9.
.Hy !zmcqt9 Hm C? !jit9 vHC it { !st9.
2. .!gt9y !ldmit9 cHc !it9 !sRt9y !qt9S.
.!gt9y !ldmit9 cHc !it9 !sRt9y !qt9S.
3. .!cYt9c !kt9Hr Hy ? !fkt9lh !et9k.
.!cYt9c !kt9Hr Hy ? !fkt9lh !et9k.
4. .!l?Trs $it9mH!u29r?shy ? !git9cY Hm C? !it9 !dr !dH. .$it9m?!u29r?shy.
.!l?Trs $it9mH!u29r?shy ? !git9cY Hm C? !it9 !dr !dH.
5. .!rt9y'?(m ?m !aqt9r ?q Hm C? !mit9c a`H C? !ot9k.
.!rt9y'?(m ?m !aqt9r ?q Hm C? !mit9c a`H C? !ot9k.