Sol: Let A (3, 4), B (3, 2), and C (1, 4)

Aims
1. Find the equation of the circle 0+ 4 f +12=0 { by 4 }

passing through points (3, 4), (3,
2), and (1, 4) f =3 .(4 )
Sol: Let A (3, 4), B (3, 2), and C (1, 4)
Let the required eqn of the circle be
S x 2+ y 2+2 gx+ 2 fy+c=0 .()
A (3, 4) lies on () Solving eqn (2) & (3)
(3)2 +(4)2 +2 g (3 )+ 2 f ( 4 )+ c=0

6 g+4 f + c+13=0
9+16+ 6 g+ 8 f + c=0
2 g+ 8 f +c +17=0
6 g+8 f + c+ 25=0 .(1)
4 g4 f 4=0 { by 4 }
B (3, 2) lies on ()
(3)2 +(2)2 +2 g ( 3 )+ 2 f (2 )+ c=0 gf 1=0 .(5)
Solving eqn (4) & (5)

9+ 4+6 g+ 4 f + c=0
g(3 ) 1=0
6 g+4 f + c+13=0 ( 2 )
g+31=0
C (1, 4) lies on () g+2=0
(1)2 +(4)2 +2 g ( 1 ) +2 f ( 4 ) +c=0 g=2
1+16+2 g +8 f + c=0 ' g' ' f ' valueseq n(1)
2 g+8 f +c +17=0 ..(3) 6(2)+8(3)+c +25=0
1224+25+ c=0 c=11
Solving eqn (1) & (2) the values of ' g ' ,' f '' c '()
6 g+8 f + c+ 25=0
x 2+ y 2 +2 (2 ) x +2 (3 ) y +(11)=0
6 g+4 f + c+13=0
2 2
x + y 4 x6 y+11=0
Aims Aims tutorial | 9000 68 76 00

Aims
(2)2+(2)2+ 2 g (2 )+ 2 f ( 4 )+ c=0
4 +44 g+ 4 f + c=0
4 g+ 4 f + c+ 8=0 ..(3)
2 g+ 2 f +c +2=0
12 g+0+ c+36=0
14 g+2 f 34=0 { by 2 }
2. Show that the points (1, 1), (-6,
0), (-2, 2) and (-2, -8) are
7 g+ f 17=0 .(4)
concyclic.
Sol: Let A (1, 1), B (-6, 0), C (-2, 2) and
D (-2, -8)
S x 2+ y 2+2 gx+ 2 fy+c=0 () Solving eqn (2) & (3)
12 g+0+ c+36=0
A (1, 1) lies on ()
(1)2 +(1)2 +2 g ( 1 ) +2 f ( 1 ) +c=0 4 g+ 4 f + c+ 8=0
1+1+ 2 g+2 f +c=0 8 g4 f +28=0 { by4 }
2 g+ 2 f +c +2=0 .(1) 2 g+ f 7=0 .(5)
B (-6, 0) lies on () Solving eqn (4) & (5)
(6)2 +(0)2 +2 g (6 )+ 2 f ( 0 ) +c=0 7 1 -17 7
2 1 -7 2
36+012 g+ 0+c=0
12 g+0+ c+36=0 ( 2 )
(g, f)= [ 7+17 34+ 49
72
,
72 ][
=
10 15
,
5 5 ]
C (-2, 2) lies on () (2, 3)

Aims
' g' ' f ' valueseq n(1) 4 g+ 0+k + 4=0 .(1)
2(2)+2(3)+ c+ 2=0
B (0, 1) lies on ()
4 +6+2+ c=0 c=12
2 2
(0) +(1) +2 g ( 0 ) +2 f ( 1 )+ k=0
the values of ' g ' ,' f '' c '()
0+1+0+2 f +k =0
2 2
x + y +2 ( 2 ) x +2 ( 3 ) y+(12)=0
0+2 f + k +1=0 ( 2 )
2 2
x + y + 4 x+ 6 y12=0
C (4, 5) lies on ()
Since D (-2, -8) also lies on ()
2 2 (4)2 +(5)2 +2 g ( 4 ) +2 f ( 5 )+ c=0
(2) +(8) +4 (2)+6 (8)12
16+25+8 g+10 f +k =0
= 4 +6484812
6868=0 8 g+10 f + k +41=0 ..(3)
Givin point are concyclic .

4 g+ 0+k + 4=0
0+2 f + k +1=0
3. If (2, 0), (0, 1), (4, 5) and (0, c) 4 g2 f +3=0

are concyclic, and then find the
value of c. 4 g2 f + 3=0 .(4)
Sol: Let A (2, 0), B (0, 1), C (4, 5) and
D (0, c)

S x 2+ y 2+2 gx+2 fy+k =0 ()
0+2 f + k +1=0
A (2, 0) lies on ()
8 g+10 f + k +41=0
2 2
(2) +( 0) +2 g ( 2 )+ 2 f ( 0 ) +k =0
8 g8 f 40=0 { by8 }
4 +0+ 4 g+0+ k=0

Aims
g+f + 5=0 .(5) [ c1 ] =0( 3 c14 )=0
14
c=1c=
3
4 -2 3 4 4. Find the equation of the circle

whose centre lies on X-axis and
1 1 5 1 passing through
(-2, 3), (4, 5)
(g, f)= [ 103 320
4 +2
,
4 +2][
=
13 17
6
,
6 ] Sol: Let A (-2, 3), B (4, 5)
' g'' f ' valueseq n (1) Let the required eqn of the circle be
S x 2+ y 2+2 gx+ 2 fy+c=0 ()

13
4( )+k + 4=0
6
A (-2, 3) lies on ()
26 2612 14 (2)2+(3)2 +2 g (2 ) +2 f ( 3 ) +c=0

k = 3 4= 3 = 3
4 +94 g+6 f +c=0

the values of ' g ' ,' f '' k ' ()
4 g+6 f +c +13=0 .(1)
14
2 2
x + y +2
13
6
x+2 ( ) ( )
17
6
y +( )=0
3
13 17 14 B (4, 5) lies on ()
x 2+ y 2 ( ) ( )
3
x
3
y + =0
3
(4)2 +(5)2 +2 g ( 4 ) +2 f ( 5 )+ c=0
Since D (0, c) also lies on ()

16+25+8 g+10 f +c=0
13 17 14
2 2
( ) ( )
(0) +(c ) 3 (0) 3 (c)+ 3 =0 8 g+10 f + c+ 41=0 ( 2 )
17 14
2
( )
( c ) 3 ( c ) + 3 =0
2
3 c 17 c +14=0 4 g+6 f +c +13=0
2 8 g+10 f + c+ 41=0
3 c 3 c14 c+14=0
12 g4 f 28=0 { by4 }
3 c [c1]14 [c1]=0
3 g+ f + 7=0 . (3)
[ c1 ] ( 3 c 14 )=0
Aims
(4)2 +(1)2 +2 g ( 4 ) +2 f ( 1 ) +c=0
Given centre (g ,f )lies on X axis

16+1+8 g+2 f + c=0
Y coordinateis zero i. e . , f =0 8 g+2 f +c +17=0 .(1)
f =0e q ' ' n(3)
3 g +0+7=0 B (6, 5) lies on ()
(6)2+(5)2+2 g ( 6 ) +2 f ( 5 ) +c=0
3 g=7
7 36+25+12 g+10 f + c=0

g=
3
12 g+10 f +c +61=0 ( 2 )
' g' ' f ' valueseq n(1)
7
4 ( )+ 6(0)+c +13=0 Solving eqn (1) & (2)
3
8 g+2 f +c +17=0
28 2839 67
+13+ c=0 c= =
3 3 3 12 g+10 f +c +61=0
the values of ' g ' ,' f '' c '() 4 g8 f 44=0 { by4 }
x 2+ y 2 +2 ( 73 ) x+ 2( 0 ) y +(673 )=0 1 g+ 2 f +11=0 .(3)
Given centre (g ,f ) lieson 4 x +3 y24=0

x
2
3( 2+ y )7 x67=0
4 (g ) +3 (f ) 24=0
4 g+ 3 f +24=0 (4)
5. Find the equation of the circle
passing through points (4, 1), (6, Solving eqn (3) & (4)
5)and whose centre lies on the
1 2 11 1
line 4 x +3 y24=0.
4 3 24 4
Sol: Let A (4, 1), B (6, 5)
Let the required eqn of the circle be (g, f)= [ 4833 4424
38
,
38
= ][
15 20
5
,
5 ]
S x 2+ y 2+2 gx+ 2 fy+c=0 . .. ()
(3,4)
A (4, 1) lies on ()
Aims
' g' ' f ' valueseq n(1) Let Q ( x 2 , y 2 ) be any point on these
tangents. Now the locus of Q will be
8(3)+2(4)+ c+17=0
the equation of pair of tangents drawn
from P.
248+17+c=0 c=15 The segment PQ is divided by the line
AB in the ratio - S 11 :S 12 or S 11 :S 12
the values of ' g ' ,' f '' c '()
x 2+ y 2 +2 (3 ) x +2 (4 ) y +(15)=0
PB S11
= | |
QB S 12 .(2)
2 2
x + y 6 x8 y +15=0 . But PB= S 11QB = S 22
PB S 11
QB = S .(3)
22
S11 = S 11
From (2), (3) we get
S22 S 12
S.O.B
S 11 S 112
S =S 2
22 12
2
S 11 S 22 =S 12
Hence the equation of the locus of
2
Q ( x 2 , y 2 ) is S 1 =S S 11 .
{ ( x 2 , y 2 ) replaced by (x, y)}
6. Prove that the combined

equation of the pair of tangents
drawn from an external point p (
x 1 , y 1 ) to the circle S=0 is
S 12=S S 11 .
Sol: Suppose that the tangents drawn
from P to the circle S=0 touch the
circle at A and B the equation of AB is
S 1=0.
7. Show that the circles

x x 1+ y y 1 + g ( x + x 1) + f ( y + y 1 ) +c=0 (1) x 2+ y 2 6 x2 y+1=0, x2 + y 2 +2 x8 y +13=0
touch each other. Find the point
Aims
of contact and eqn of tangent e q ' ' n of common tangent at p is ss ' =0

at point of contact.
Sol: eqn s of the given circles x 2+ y 2 6 x2 y+1=0
2 2
S x + y 6 x2 y+ 1=0 ..(1) x 2+ y 2 +2 x8 y +13=0
S ' x 2+ y 2+2 x8 y +13=0 ..(2)

-8x+6y -12=0 { 2 }
centres (g ,f ) : C1 ( 3,1 ) , C2 (1, 4 ) 4 x3 y +6=0.
radius ( r )= g2 +f 2c
8. Show that the circles
r 1= 32 +121= 3 2=3
x 2+ y 2 4 x6 y12=0, x 2+ y 2+6 x +18 y +26=0

r 2= 1 +4 13=1713= 4=2
2 2
touch each other. Find the point

of contact and eqn of tangent
C1 C2 =( x 2x 1)2 +( y 2 y 1)2
at point of contact.
(13 ) + ( 41 )
2 2 Sol: eqn s of the given circles
S x 2+ y 24 x6 y12=0 ..(1)
(4) +(3) = 25 =5
2 2
2 2
S ' x + y +6 x +18 y +26=0 ..(2)
C1 C2 =r 1+ r 2
centres (g ,f ) :C1 ( 2,3 ) , C 2 (3,9 )
the circles toucheach othe externally .
radius ( r )= g2 +f 2c
the point of contact pC 1 C 2 Internally in the
ratio r 1 : r 2=3 :2=m :n
r 1= 22 +32 +12= 4 +9+12=5

P= [ m x 2 +n x 1 m y 2+n y 1
m+n
,
m+n ] =
r 2= 32 +92 26= 9+ 8126= 64=8
3 (1 ) +2(3) 3 ( 4 ) +2(1)
( 3+2
,
3+2 )
C1 C2 =( x 2x 1)2 +( y 2 y 1)2
3+ 6 12+2 3 14
= ( 5
,
5
= ,
5 5 )( )
(32 ) + ( 93 )
2 2

Aims
(5)2 +(12)2= 25+144 = 169 =13 radius ( r )= g2 +f 2c
C1 C2 =r 1+ r 2 r 1= 22 +5228= 4+ 2528=1
the circles toucheach othe externally . r 2= 22 +324= 4+ 94= 9=3
the point of contact pC 1 C 2 Internally in the Internalcentre of similututeC 1 C 2 Internally

ratio r 1 : r 2=5 :8=m:n
in the ratio r 1 : r 2=1:3=m :n
P= [ m x 2 +n x 1 m y 2+n y 1
m+n
,
m+n ] =
P= [ m x 2 +n x 1 m y 2+ n y 1
m+n
,
m+ n ] =
( 5(35+8) +8 (2) , 5 (95+8) +8(3) ) ( 1(21+) +3(2)

3
,
1 ( 3 ) +3(5)
1+ 3 )
45+ 24 1 21
= ( 15+16
13
,
5 ) =( ,
13 13 ) = ( 2+6
4
,
3+ 15 4 18
4 ) (4 4 )
= ,
9
=(1, )
2
e q ' ' n of common tangent at p is ss ' =0 let mbe the slope of common tangent
2 2
x + y 4 x6 y12=0 ( y y 1 ) m=( xx 1)
Eqn of tangent is
x 2+ y 2 +6 x +18 y +26=0 9
p(1, )
2
-10x-246y -38=0 { 2 }
5 x +12 y +19=0. ( y 92 )=m ( x 1) ( 2 y9

2
)
=m ( x1 )
9. Find the transverse common 2 mx2 y 2m+9=0 (1)

tangents of the circles
condition for tangent r= r distance
x 2+ y 2 4 x10 y +28=0,
x 2+ y 2 + 4 x6 y +4=0. r 1= lr distance C 1 (2,5) ( 1 )
Sol: eqn s of the given circles

2 2
S x + y 4 x10 y +28=0 ..(1)
|a x 1 +b y 1+ c|
d=
2 2 a2 +b2
S ' x + y + 4 x6 y + 4=0 ..(2)
centres (g ,f ) : C1 ( 2,5 ) , C 2 (2,3 ) |2 m(2)2(5)2 m+ 9|

=1
(2m)2+(2)2
Aims
|2 m1| 225=15
=1 S.O.B.S
4 m +4
2
r 2= 112 + 42100= 121+ 4100

(2m1)2=4 m2+ 4
25=5
4 m2+14 m=4 m2 +4 {m== 10 } External centre of similututeC 1 C 2 Internally

in the ratio
3
3=4 mm=
4 r 1 : r 2=15 :3=3 :1=m:n
e q' ' nof tangents are

P= [ m x 2 +n x 1 m y 2+ n y 1
m+n
,
m+ n ] =
( y 92 )= 10 ( x1) x1=0
( 3 (11 )31
1(11) 3 (2 )1(2)
,
31 )
And ( y 92 )= 34 ( x1)
= ( 33+11
2
,
62
2 ) 44 8
=( ,
2 2 )
=(22,4)
4 y18=3 x+ 3
let mbe the slope of common tangent
3 x+ 4 y21=0.
Eqn of tangent is ( y y 1 ) m=( xx 1)
3 x+ 4 y21=0x1=0.
p(22,4)
10. Find the direct common
tangents of the circles ( y +4 )=m ( x22 ) ( y+ 4 )=mx22 m
x 2+ y 2 +22 x4 y100=0,
mx y22 m4=0 (1)
x 2+ y 2 22 x+ 4 y +100=0.
Sol: eqn s of the given circles condition for tangent
2 2
S x + y +22 x 4 y100=0 ..( 1) r 2= perpendicular distance C 2 ( 1 )
S ' x 2+ y 222 x + 4 y +100=0 ..(2) |a x 1 +b y 1+ c|

d=
a2 +b2
centres (g ,f ) : C1 (11, 2 ) , C2 ( 11,2 )
|m (11 )1 (2 ) 22 m4|
=5
radius ( r )= g +f c
2 2
(m)2 +(1)2
r 1= 112 +22 +100= 121+4+100

Aims
|11 m2|
=5 S.O.B.S
m 2+ 1
m 11. Find the equation of the
25( 2+ 1) circles which touch
(11 m+2)2= 2x-3y+1=0 at (1, 1) and having
radius 13 .
2 2
121 m + 4+ 44 m=25 m +25 Sol: given two circles touch the line
2 x 3 y+1=0 (1)
2
96 m +44 m21=0 At P(1,1)
givenradius ( r )= 13
96 m2 +72 m28 m21=0
The centres C1 , C2 lies on a line
24 m ( 4 m+3 )7( 4 m+3)=0 lar ( 1 ) at a distance r
P ( x1 , y 1) =( 1,1)
( 24 m7 )( 4 m+3 )=0
2 2
Slope of (1) = - ( 3 ) = 3
( 24 m7 )=0( 4 m+3 )=0
3
Slope of line C1 C2 =
7 3 2
m= , m=
24 4 3
m=tan=
2
''
e q nof tangents are 3 2
sin= 13 cos= 13
7
( y +4 )= ( x22 )
24 The centres C1 , C2 can be written as
a=x1 rcos ,b= y 1 rsin
24 y +96=7 x156
7 x24 y250=0. = ( 1 13 [ ]
2
13
, 1 13 [ ]) 3
13
And
= {1 (2) , 1 3 }
3
( y +4 )= ( x22 )
4
= (1-2, 1+3) and (1+2, 1-3)
4 y+ 16=3 x+ 66 = (-1, 4) and (3, -2)
3 x+ 4 y50=0. Eqn of the circle with C1 (1, 4 )
r= 13
3 x+ 4 y50=07 x24 y250=0. 2
(x +1)2 +( y4)2= 13

Aims
x 2+ y 2+2 x8 y + 4=0 a ( x 1 +a)2 + y 12=a(x 1a)
C2 ( 3,2 ) 2 2 2
Eqn of the circle with (x 1+ a) + y 1 =( x 1a)
r= 13
2 2 2 2 2
2
(x 3) +( y +2) =13 2 2 x 1 +a + 2a x 1 + y 1 =x 1 +a 2 a x1
x 2+ y 26 x+ 4 y =0 . y 12+ 4 a x 1=0
the pole of the tangents to the circle

(1) w. r. t the circle (2)lie on the curve
y 2+ 4 ax=0
12. Show that the poles of
tangents to the circle x2+y2=r2
w.r.to the circle
(x + a) 2+y2=2a2 lie on y2+4ax=0.
Sol: Given circles
x 2+ y 2=r2 (1)
x 2 + y2 +2 ax - a2=0. (2)
Let P ( x 1 , y 1 ) be the pole of the

tangents to the circle (1) w. r. t the 1 , 2 are the angles of
13. If
circle (2)
inclination of tangents through a
Now the polar of p w.r.t to S=0 is point p to the circle x2+y2 =r2,
S1=0 then find locus of p when cot
xx1+yy1+a(x+x1) - a2 =0 1 +cot 2 =k.
2
x (x1 +a)+ y y 1+(a x 1a )=0 . (1)
Sol: given equation of the circle
x2+y2=r2. (1)
thetangential condition : Let P(x1, y1) be the any point on the
locus
r= perpendicular distance ( 1 ) Equation of tangent through p with
slope m is
y= mx a 1+ m
2
|a x 1 +b y 1+ c|
d=
a2 +b2 This passes through P ( x 1 , y 1 )
Y 1 = m x 1 a 1+m2
Y 1 - m x 1= a 1+ m2 S.O.B
a=
|0+0+a x 1a | 2
2
( x +a) + y
1
2
1
2
(Y 1m x 1)2 =( a 1+ m2 )
2 2 2 2 2
y 1 + m x 1 2 m x 1 y 1=a (1+ m )
Aims
y 12+ m2 x 122 m x 1 y 1=a2+ a2 m2

2 2 2 2 2
m ( x 1 a )m ( 2 x1 y 1 ) + ( y 1 a )=0
Where m1, m2 be the slopes of the
tangents which make angles 1
1 , 2 wit h Xaxis 3cos x + 4sin x +6 dx
m1=tan 1 , m2=tan 2
1 2 tdt
2
[( ) ] 1+t
2
Given cot 1 +cot 2 =k. 1t 2t
1 1
3
1+t
2
+4
1+t
2
+6
( )
tan 1 + =k
tan 2 1 2 tdt

1+t 2
[ ]
2 2
1 1 33 t +8 t+ 6+6 t
m1 + =k
m2 1+t 2
m2 m1 1
=k 2 dt
m1 + m2 [ 3 t + 8 t+9 ]
2
1
m1+ m2 =k m1 m2 2 dt
2 x1 y 1 y 12a2
x 2a 2 =k x 2 a2
[
2 8
3 t + t+ 3
3 ]
1 1
y add

2 2 2 2
t coeff 8 4
k ( 1 2a )
( 2
=
32
=
3 ) ( ) ()
2 x1 y1
The equation of locus of P(x1, y1) is
2 xy =k ( y2 a2 )
2 1
14.
3
dt
[ 4 2
( )]
2
8 4
2
t + t+
3 3
+3
3 ()
2 1
3
dt
[( ) ]
2
4 16
t + +3
3 9
2 1
3
dt
[ 4 2 11
(t+ ) +
3 9 ]
Model-1:- 2 1

3
dt
[ ( 3 )]
2
1 4 2 11
(t+ ) +
1. 3cos x + 4sin x +6 dx 3
Sol:
Let t= tan ( x2 ) ; sinx =
Aims
1 1 x
2 2 dx= tan 1 +c
a +|x 9000a 68 76a 00
Aims tutorial
2t
1+t 2
Aims
1 dt
2
4
[( ) ]
2 2
t+ 3 5
2 1 1 3 t ( )
= 3 11 tan 11 +C 4 4
3 3
1 dt

2

1 1
dx= log | |
a+ x
[ ( )]
5 2 2
2 3 t+ 4 3 2
a x2
2 a ax
1
( ) t
= 11 tan 11 +C 4 4
3 tan ( 2x )+4 +C
| |
2 5 3
=
11
tan 1
11
.
1 1
log
4
+ t
4
+c
( )
= 2 5 5 3
2.( )
4 4
t
4 ( )
1
4cos x + 3sin x dxLet
2.
t= tan ( x2 ) ;
sol :
=
1
|5+4 t3|
= 5 log 54 t +3 + c
1 1 2tdt
4cos x + 3sin x dx= 1+ t 2
[( )4
1t 2
1+t 2
+3
2t
1+t 2 ( )] 1
| 2+4 t |
= 5 log 84 t + c
1 2tdt 1
= 2 dt
[ 44 t 2+ 6 t 1+t
1+t 2
2
]
4 (t
2

6
4
t+1) =[
1
5
log
1+2 t
42 t
+c
] | |
1 1
2
| |
dt x
1+2 tan ( )
[ 2 3
(t t1)
2 ] 1
= 5 log
2
x
+c
42 tan ( )
2
3 2 3 2
add 2t coeff
( 2 ) ( ) ( )
2 2
=
4
1 1

2
dt 1
[ 2 3
t t+
2
3 2 3 2
4

4 ( ) ( )
+1
] 3. 5 +4 cosx dx
sol :
1 1
2
dt
[( ) ]
2
3 9
t 1
4 16
Let t= tan ( x2 ) ; sinx =
Aims Aims2ttutorial | 9000 68 76 00

2
1+t
Aims
1
2 dt
[ 2+2 t ]
1
dx=log|x|+C
1 2 tdt x
2
[ ( )] 1+t
2
= 1t 2
5+ 4 2 dt
1+t 2 [ 1+ t ]
1 2 tdt
1+t 2 1
[ ]
2 2
= 5+5 t +44 t dt
1+t 2 [ 1+t ]
1
= [ 2 ] 2 dt = log |1+t|+C
t +9
1
= [ 2
t +32 ]
2 dt I = log 1+ tan | ( )|
x
2
+C
1 1 x
dx= tan 1
a +x
22
a a 1
5. sin x + 3cosx dx
Sol:
2 1 t
= 3 tan 3 +C Let t= tan ( x2 ) ; sinx =
2t
x 1+t 2
tan( )
= 2 tan 1 2
+C
3 3 1
sin x + 3cosx dx
1 2tdt
1 2
1+sinx+ cosx dx
[( ) ( )]
1+t
Let t= 2
4. 2t 1t
2
+ 3 2
1
tan ( x2 ) ; 1+ t 1+t
Sol : I = dx 1 2 tdt
cos x + sin x +1 dx
1+t 2
[ ]
2
= 2 t+ 3 3 t
1+t 2
1 2 tdt2 dt ;
2
1+t1+t 1
2
[( ) (1t 2
1+t
2
+
2t
1+t
2
+1
) ]
2
[ 2
3 t t1
3
2 dt
]
1 2 dt

( 1+t )
2
add
[ ]
2 2
1t +2 t+1+t
2
1+ t t coeff 2 2 2 1 2
( 2
= ) (
3 2
=
3 ) ( )
Aims
2 cosx+ 3 sinx
6. 4cosx+5sinx dx
2 1 Sol:
3
dt
[[ ]]
2 2
2
t 2 t+
3 3
1
( ) ( )

1
3
1 Rule : Nr= A
d
dx
( Dr ) + B( Dr)
2 cosx+3 sinx
2 1
3
dt A [4 cosx+5 sinx]'+ B [4 cosx+5 sinx]
[ [( t
1 2 1
3
1
3 ) ]] 2 cosx+3 sinx
2 1 A [4 sinx+5 cosx ]+ B[4 cosx +5 sinx ]
3
dt
[ ]
2
1 4
(t )
3 3
2 cosx+3 sinx
2 1 4 Asinx +5 Acosx + 4 Bcosx +5 Bsinx

3
dt
[( ) ]
2 2
2 1
(t )
3 3
2 cosx+3 sinx
sinx (4 A+5 B)+ cosx (5 A + 4 B)
2
1
a x2
1
dx= log
2a
a+ x
ax
+C | | Equatingt h e coefficient of
cosx 5 A +4 B=2 ;
=
5 A +4 B2=0 (1)
| |
2 1
2 1
log
3
+ t
3
+c
( ) sinx 4 A+5 B=3 ;
3 2 2 1 4 A+5 B3=0(2)
2.(
3
)
3
t
3 ( ) solving (1 ) (2)
5 4 -2 5
-4 5 -3 -4
( A , B)=
[ 12(10 ) 8(15 )
,
]
| |
1 25(16 ) 25(16 )
+t
1 3
= 2 log 3 +c
t
3
[ 12+10 8+15
41
,
41 ] [
2 23
,
41 41 ]
2 cosx +3 sinx
| |
x 2 ' 23
1+ 3 tan ( ) = 41 [ 4 cosx+5 sinx ] + 41 [ 4 cosx +5 sinx ]
1 2
= 2 log x
+c
3 3 tan ( ) 2 cosx +3 sinx
2 I = dx
4cosx+5sinx

Aims
2 ' 23 cosx 4 A +5 B=9 ;

[ 4 cosx+5 sinx ] + [ 4 cosx+ 5 sinx ]
41 41
dx 4 A +5 B9=0 (1)
4cosx+5sinx
2 (4cosx+5sinx) ' 23 ( 4cosx+5sinx) sinx 5 A+ 4 B=1 ;
+
41 (4cosx+5sinx) 41 ( 4cosx+5sinx)
dx
5 A +4 B+1=0. .(2)
solving (1 ) (2)
1 dx=x +c 4 5 -9 4
f '( x) -5 4 1 -5
dx =
f (x )
log |f (x)| +c
( A , B)=
[ 5(36 )
,
454
16(25) 16(25) ]
[ 41 41
,
41 41 ] [ 1, 1 ]
2 23
I= log|(4cosx+5sinx )|+ x+ c .
41 41 9 cosxsinx
'
= 1 [ 4 cosx +5 sinx ] +1 [ 4 cosx+ 5 sinx ]
9 cosx sinx
9 cosxsinx 4 sinx+5cosx dx
7. 4sinx+5cosx dx
'
1 [ 4 cosx+ 5 sinx ] +1 [ 4 cosx+5 sinx ]
dx
sol : 4 sinx+5cosx
4 sinx+5cosx)
d
Rule : Nr= A ( Dr ) + B(Dr)
dx (4 sinx+5cosx)
9 cosxsinx
( 4 sinx+5cosx)'
A [4 sinx+5cosx]' +B[4 sinx+5cosx] 1 +1
( 4 sinx+5cosx)
9 cosxsinx
A [4 cosx5 sinx]+ B[4 sinx+5cosx ] 1 dx=x +c
9 cosxsinx
f '( x)
dx =
f (x )
4 Acosx5 Asinx+4 Bsinx+5 Bcosx
log |f (x)| +c
9 cosxsinx
sinx (5 A+ 4 B)+ cosx(4 A +5 B)
I =1 log|(4 sinx+5cosx)|+1 x+ c .
Equatingt h e coefficient of

Aims
cosx+3 sinx +7
c osx+sinx+1 dx cosx +3 sinx+7
8.
sinx ( A+ B ) +cosx ( A+ B ) + ( B+C )
sol :
Let t= Equatingthe coefficient of
Consider:
tan ( x2 ) ; cosx A + B=1 ;
1 A + B1=0 ..(1)
I 1 = dx
cos x +sin x +1 dx =
sinx A+ B=3 ;
2 dt
2
; A+ B3=0 .(2)
1 1+t
2 tdt
And B+C=7 (3)
1+t 2
[( ) ( ]
2
1t 2t
1+t 2
+
1+t 2
+1
) solving (1)And (2)
1 1 -1 1
-1 1 -3 -1
1 2 dt
( 1+t )
2
( A , B)=
[ 3(1 ) 1 (3 )
,
]
[ ]
2 2
1t +2 t+1+t 1(1 ) 1 (1 )
1+ t 2
1
[ 2+2 t ]
2 dt
[ 2 4
,
2 2 ]
1
dx=log|x|+C [ 1, 2 ] Sub the value of B=2 in (3)
2 x
dt
2 [ 1+t ] C=72=5
1
dt
[ 1+t ]
cosx+3 sinx+7
= log |1+t|+C =
'
1 [ 4 cosx+ 5 sinx ] +2 [ 4 cosx +5 sinx+1 ] +5
I 1 = log 1+ tan
x
2 | ( )|
+C
I=
cosx+3 sinx +7
cosx+sinx+1 dx
d
Rule : Nr= A ( Dr ) + B ( Dr ) +C '
1 [ 4 cosx+5 sinx ] +2 [ 4 cosx +5 sinx+ 1 ] +5
dx dx
cosx+sinx+1
cosx+3 sinx+7
'
A [ cosx+sinx+1 ] +B [ cosx+sinx+1 ] +C (cosx+sinx+1)' ( cosx+sinx+1) dx
1 +2 +
(cosx+sinx+1) (cosx+sinx+1) cos x
A [ sinx +cosx ] +B [ cosx+sinx+1 ] +C
Asinx + Acosx+ Bcosx + Bsinx+B+ C
Aims 6876
Aims' tutorial | 9000 1 dx=x
00 +c
f (x)
dx =
f (x )
Aims
1 2 dt
2
[ ]
2
t + 6 t+9 1+t
1+ t 2
= 1 log |( 4 sinx+5cosx )|+ 2 x

1
2 dt
| ( x2 )|+C
2
+5 log 1+tan I1 } (t +3)
{ from
1 1
dx= +C
x 2
x
I = 1
2
[ t+3 ]
| ( )|
1 log |( 4 sinx+5cosx )|+ 2 x +5 log 1+tan
x
2
+C

2
[ () ]
tan
x
2
+3
d
Rule : Nr= A ( Dr ) + B ( Dr ) +C
dx
2 sinx+3 cosx + 4
'
A [ 3 sinx+ 4 cosx +5 ] +B [ 3 sinx +4 cosx+5 ] + C
A [ 3 cosx4 sinx ] + B [ 3 sinx+ 4 cosx+5 ] +C

3 Acosx4 Asinx+3 Bsinx+ 4 Bosx+5 B+C
sinx (4 A +3 B )+ cosx ( 3 A+ 4 B ) +(5 B+C)
Equatingthe coefficient of
2 sinx+3 cosx+ 4 cosx 3 A +4 B=3 ;

9. 3 sinx+ 4 cosx+5 dx Let t=
3 A +4 B3=0 ..(1)
sol : tan ( x2 ) ; sinx 4 A+3 B=2 ;
4 A+3 B2=0. .(2)
Consider:
1 dx =
I 1 = dx
3 sinx+4 cosx+5
2 dt
2
;
1+t
1 2 dt

( ) 2
[( ] 1+t
2
3
2t
1+ t ) ( )
2
+4
1t
1+t
2
+5

Aims
{From
solving e q '' ' ' n ( 1 )( 2) I1 }
3 4 -3 3 Comparing const
-4 3 -2 -4
[ ]
5B+C=4C=4-5B
8(9 ) 12(6 ) 4
( A , B)= ,
9(16 ) 9 (16 ) 18 1 18 5
log |3 sinx +4 cosx +5|+ x +
I= 25 25
[ () ]
C=4 - 5( )=
25 x
tan +3
2
[1 18
,
25 25 ] +C
'
I= 1 [ 3 sinx+ 4 cosx +5 ]
2
+2 [ 3 sinx+ 4 cosx+5 ] +
5
Model-2:-
I
1 ' 18 2
[ 3 sinx +4 cosx+5 ] + [ 3 sinx+4 cosx+5 ] + x+ 1
25 25 5

3 sinx+ 4 cosx+5
dx 10. x2 +3 x +12 dx
2
Sol: RULE: ( px+ q = A (a x +bx +c )' +B
'
1 ( 3 sinx +4 cosx+5 ) 18 ( 3 sinx+ 4 cosx+5 ) dx
+
25 ( 3 sinx+ 4 cosx+5 ) 25 (3 sinx+ 4 cosx +5 ) '
x+ 1=[ A ( x 2+ 3 x +12 ) + B]eq ' n (1)
1 dx=x +c
+2 1 x+ 1= A(2 x+ 3)+ B
5 3 sinx +4 cosx+5
dx
x+ 1=2 Ax+ 3 A +B
' equating coeffiecent of xconsts on B . S

f ( x)
f ( x ) dx =
1 1
2A=1A= 2 3A+B=1B=1-3( 2 )
log |f (x)| +c
1
B= - 2
=
1 2 2 Sub A, B in eqn
log |(3 sinx+ 4 cosx+5)|+2 x+
25 5
[ () ]
tan
x
2
+3 1 2
2
' 1
x+ 1=[ ( x + 3 x +12 ) ]
2

Aims
1 2 ' 1 1 2 1 2 x +3
= 2 log |x +3 x +12| 39 tan
1
[ ( x +3 x +12 ) ] +c
x+1 2 2 39
2
dx= 2
dx
x +3 x+12 x + 3 x +12

x +1
1 ( x 2 +3 x+12 )
'
1 1 11. dx
= 2 2 dx 2 dx x x +1
2
x +3 x +12 2 x +3 x+12
2
Sol: RULE: ( px+ q = A (a x +bx +c )' +B
f ' ( x)
f ( x ) dx = 2
x+ 1=[ A ( x x +1 ) + B ]eq ' n
'
1 1 1
= 2 log |x 2
+3 x +12|
- 2 x +3 x+12 dx
2 x+ 1= A(2 x1)+ B
x+ 1=2 Ax A+ B
Consider:
1 equating coeffiecent of xconsts on B . S

I 1 = 2
dx =
x +3 x+12
1 1
2A=1A= 2 -A+B=1B=1+ ( 2 )
x
1
3
3 2 3 2
[ 2+ 3 x + () ()
2

2
+12 ]dx B= 2
Sub A, B in eqn
1 ' 3
1 1 x+ 1=[ ( x 2x +1 ) + ]
3 2 9
dx=
3 2 39
dx 2 2
=
( )
x + +12
2 4 ( )
x+ +
2 4
1 2 ' 3
[ ( x x +1 ) + ]
x+1 2 2
1 dx= dx
dx 1 1 x x x +1
2
x x +1
2
2 2 dx= tan 1 +c
( x + 32 ) +( 239 ) a a
2 2
= a +x
2 '
3 1 ( x +3 x+12 ) 1 1
x+ = 2 dx 2
2 x x+ 1
dx
1 1 2 x x +1
2
= 39 tan 39 + c
2 2
'
f (x)
2 1 2 x +3
dx =
f ( x )
= 39 tan 39 + c
1 3 1
x+ 1
x2 +3 x +12 dx = 2 2 x
2
x +1 + 2 dx
x x +1
2

Aims
Consider: 6 x +5=4 Ax + A + B
1
I 1 = dx equating coeffiecent of xconsts on B . S
=
x x+ 1
2
3
1
dx -4A=6 A= 2 A+ B= 5B= 5 - (

2 2
x 2x + ( 12 ) ( 12 ) +1 3 13
2 ) B= 2
1 1
dx=
1 2 3
dx
Sub A, B in eqn (1)
(
2
= x
1
2
1
)
+1
4 ( )
x +
2 4
3
( 62 x2 + x ) + 13 ]
'
6 x+ 5=[
2 2
1 1 1 x
2 2
dx
dx=sinh +c
1 3
( ) ( ) a +x a (6 x+5) 62 x 2+ x dx
2 2
= x +
2 2
1
x
1
2 1 2 x1

[ 3
2
( 62 x 2 + x ) + 13
'
2 ] 62 x 2+ x dx
= sinh 3 + c = sinh 3
+ c
2 3 '
( 62 x 2+ x ) 62 x 2+ x dx +
2
x +1 3 1 2 x1
13
dx= x x +1+ sinh
2
2
+c 62 x 2+ x dx
x x +1
2
3 2
= x2x +1+ 32 sinh1 2 x1 +c n +1

3 n {f ( x ) }
{f ( x ) } . f ( x )dx=
'
n+1
+c.
2 x+5 3
dx
{Practice problem} 3 ( 62 x + x )
2 2
13
x 2 x +10
2
= 2 3 + 62 x 2+ x dx
2
2
Ans: x22 x +10+7 sinh1 x1
3
+c
Consider: 62 x 2 + x dx
12. (6 x+5) 62 x 2+ x dx
sol : RULE: ( px+ q = A (a x +bx +c )'
2 = x
2( x2 3)dx
2
6 x+ 5=[ A ( 62 x 2+ x ) + B ] e q ' n (1)

' x 1 2 1 2
2[ x 2 +
2 4

4
3]dx () ()
6 x +5= A (4 x +1)+ B

Aims
3 x2=[ A ( 2 x 2x +1 ) + B ] e q' n(1)

[( ) ]
'
1 2 1
2 x 3 dx
4 16
3 x2= A (4 x 1)+ B
[( ) ]
1 2 49
2 x dx 3 x2=4 AxA + B
4 16
equating coeffiecent of xconsts on B . S
[( ) ( )]
2 2
1 7
2 x dx
4 4 3
4A=3 A= 4 -A+ B=-2B= -2 + (
[( ) ( )]
7 2 1 2
3 5
2 x dx ) B=
4 4 4 4
2 1 Sub A, B in eqn (1)

a2x 2 dx= x2 a 2x 2+ a2 sin x
()
a
+c
3 ' 5
3 x2=[ ( 2 x 2x +1 ) + ]
4 4
1 1
1 I= (3 x 2) 2 x 2x +1 dx

( x )
2
4
( ) ( 7 2
4
x
1 2 49/16
4
+
2) sin ( ) x
4
7 /4
1 [ 3
( 2 x2x +1 ) 5
'
] 2 x 2x+ 1dx
( ) ( 4 4
2 2
(4 x 1) 7 1 49 /16

8 4
x
4
+
2 )
sin ( 4 x1
7 )
3 '
(6 x+5) 62 x 2+ x dx ( 2 x 2x +1 ) 2 x 2x+ 1dx -
4
3 1
( )
2 2
13 (4 x1) 7 1 49 /16 5 4 x 1
2
2
2
( 62 x + x ) + 2 {
8 4
x +
4 (2 4 )
sin 2 x 2x +1 dx
7 ( )
}
3
( 62 x 2+ x ) 2 n +1
n {f ( x ) }
637 2 1 4 x1 {f ( x ) } . f ( x )dx=
'
+c.
+13
16
( 4 x1 ) 62 x 2 + x+
64
sin
7
+c ( ) 2 2
3
n+1
3 ( 2 x x +1 ) 5
= 4 3 - 4
2 x 2x +1 dx
2
13. (3 x 2) 2 x 2x +1 dx
Consider: 2 x 2x +1 dx
2
sol : RULE: ( px+ q = A (a x +bx +c )'
= x 1
2(x 2 + ) dx
2 2

Aims
x 1 2 1 1 2
2 [x 2 +
2 4
+
2 4
]dx () ()
[(
2 x
1 2 1 1
4 )
+
2 16
dx ]
14.
1
( 1+ x ) 3+2 x x2 dx
[( ]
1 2 7
2 x
4
+)16
dx
sol : Put (1+x) = t
1
diff . w . r . t x
[( ) ( ) ] dx
1 2 7 2
2 x +
4 4 dx=
1
dt
t2
2 1 t=
a + x dx= 2x a2 + x 2+ a2 sinh
2 2
() x
a
+c 1
1+ x 1t
x=
1 t
x= 1
t
1
1 1
( x )
2
4
( x
1 2 7 7 /16
4
+ +
16) 2
sinh ( ) x
4
7 /4

1
( 1+ x ) 3+2 x x2
dx
(4 x 1)
8 ( 1 2 7 7/16
x + +
4 16 )
2
sinh ( 4 x1
7 )
1
(
1
2
dt )
t
2
1 1t 1t
(3 x 2) 2 x 2x +1 dx t
3+2
t
( )( )
t
3
2 2
3 ( 2 x x +1 )
1 1
2 dt

= 4 3 1 3 t + 2t (1t )(1+t 2 t ) t
2 2
2 t t2
{ ( }
1
7 2 2 2
4 x1 3 t +2 t2t 1t +2 t
2
5 2 ( 4 x 1 ) 1 2 7
4 8
x
4 )( )
+
4
+
16
2
sinh
7
+c
( 1
1 1 )
( 2 dt)
t
2
3
2
t2
=
( 2 x x +1 )
2
1
dt
4 t1
{ )}
1
(
2
5 ( 4 x 1 ) 1 2 7 35 4 x1

4 2 8
x
4 )( )
+
4

64 2
sinh
( 7
+c

2 4 t1
4

Aims
( n1 ) sin n2 x ( cosx )(cosx)

dx

1
2 (
4
1
1+ x
1 )
sin n1 xcosx + (n-1)
= 2
1 41x
1+ x sin n2 x cos 2 xdx
n1
= sin xcosx + (n-1)

1 3x

2 1+ x +C
n2
1sin
sin x( 2 x )dx

sin n2 x
n2 2
Model-3:- = + (n-1) [ sin x sin x ]dx

n
15. If I n= sin xdx , then show
= + (n-1)
that
n1
sin n2 xdx(n1) sinn xdx
sin xcosx n1
I n= + I
n n n2
I n=sinn1 xcosx+(n1) I n2(n1) I n
hence find I 5, I 4 .
n n1
I n+(n1) I n = sinn1 xcosx+(n1) I n2
Sol: I n= sin xdx = sin x . sinx dx
I n( 1+ n1) = sinn1 xcosx+(n1)I n2

Here
n1 n2
U=sin x U ' =(n1)sin x (cosx)
I n( n) = sinn1 xcosx+(n1)I n2
V=sinx sinxdx=cosx+ c n1
I n = sin xcosx + n1 I n2
n n
By using integration by parts
U' Now
41
I 4 = sin xcosx + 41 I 42
4 4

Vdx sin
41
xcosx 3
+ I2
UVdx=U 4 4

sin n1 x . (cosx )

Aims
sin 3 xcosx 3 tan n1 x

+ I n= I n2
4 4 [ n1
21 case (1 ) :if n is even , I n end wit h I 0.
sin xcosx 21
+ I
2 2 22 ] 0
I 0 = tan x dx= 1 dx=x+C
{ }
3 21
sin xcosx 3 sin xcosx 3 case ( 2 ) :if n is odd , I n end wit h I 1.
+ I0
4 4 2 8
{ I 1 = tan 1 x dx=log|secx|+ C }
0
[ I 0 = sin x dx= 1 dx=x +c ]
61
tan x
41 I6 = I 62
I 4 = sin xcosx 3 sinxcosx + 3 x+ c . Now 61
4 8 8
tan 5 x tan 5 x tan 41 x

I 4 = [ I 4 2 ]
5 5 41
16. Find the reduction formula
for tann xdx and hence find
=
5
tan x tan x
+I2
3
5 3
tan6 xdx .
5 3 21
tan x tan x tan x
I n= tan xdx
n
= +[ I 22 ]
Sol: 5 3 21
tan n 2 x (tan 2 x)dx 5

tan x tan x tan x
3 1
= + I 0
5 3 1
n 2 2
tan x (sec x1)dx
tan 5 x tan 3 x tan1 x
= + x+ C
5 3 1
[tan n2 x sec 2 xtan n2 x]dx
n 2 2 n2
tan x sec xdx tan x dx
n
let tanx=t Diff w.r.t.x 17. If I n= sec xdx , then show
2
sec xdx=dt that
sin n2 x tanx n2
I n= t
n2
dtI n2 I n= + I
n1 n1 n2
t n2+1 Sol: I n= sec xdx= sec

n n2 2
x sec xdx
I n= I
n2+1 n2
n2
n1 U= sec x
t
I n= I
n1 n2 u' =( n2 ) sec n3 x(secx tanx )
2 2
V= sec x sec xdx =tanx+c
Aims
sec 52 x .tanx 52
By using integration by parts I5 = + I
51 51 52
U'

sec 3 x . tanx 3
I6 = + I3
4 4
Vdx 3 1
sec x . tanx 3 sec x .tanx 1
UVdx=U I5 = + { + I0 }
4 4 2 2

{ I 0 = 1 dx=x+ c }
n2 2
I n=sec x sec xdx
3 1
{( sec n2 x )' sec 2 xdx }dx sec x . tanx 3 sec x . tanx 3
I5 = + + x +c
4 8 1 8
sec n2 x tanx
18. If sin m x cosn xdx , then show
n3
{ ( n2 ) sec x secx tanxdx . (tanx)} that
dx cos
n1
x sin
m+1
x n1
I m ,n= + I
n2 n2
m+n m+ n m ,n2
sec x tanx(n2) sec x
tan 2 xdx m n
Sol: I n= sin x cos xdx
sec n2 x tanx( n2 ) sec n2 x ( sec 2 x1)dx = sin m x cosn1 xcosx dx

cos
m
n2 2 n2 ( n1 x )(sin xcosx)dx
= ' ' ( n2 ) ( sec x sec xsec x )dx

n n2
= ' '( n2 ) sec xdx +(n2) sec xdx
Here
n2
I n=sec x tanx( n2 ) I n + ( n2 ) I n2 U=( cosn1 x ) U '=( n1)cosn2 x(sinx)
I n+ ( n2 ) I n =sec n 2 x tanx+ ( n2 ) I n2 V= sin x cosx

m
sin m x cosx dx
m '
n2 f(x) = sin x , f ( x )=cosx
I n(1+ n2)=sec x tanx+ ( n2 ) I n2
' sinm+ 1 x
V =
m+1
I n(n1)=sec n2 x tanx+ ( n2 ) I n2
By using integration by parts
sec n2 x . tanx n2
I n= + I
n1 n1 n2
Now

Aims
U' ( n1 )
I m ,n + I
m+1 m , n =

n1 sin m +1 x ( n1 )
Vdx cos x + I
m+1 m+1 m ,n2
UVdx=U
I m ,n (1+
n1
)
m+1 =
I m ,n = cos n1 x . sin m xcosxdx m +1
sin x ( n1 )
cos n1 x + I
{ ( cos n1 x ) ' sinm xcosxdx}dx m+1 m+1 m ,n2
m+ 1+ n1
m +1
sin x I m ,n ( ) =
= cos
n1
x m+1
m+1
m +1
sin m+1 x sin x ( n1 )
(n1)cos n2
x (sinx) dx cos n1 x + I
m+ 1 m+1 m+1 m ,n2
( n1 ) m+ n
I m ,n ( )
= ' '+
m+1
n 2 m+2
cos x sin x dx m+1 =
sin m +1 x ( n1 )
( n1 ) cos n1 x + I
' '+ cosn 2 x sin m x sin2 xdx m+1 m+1 m ,n2
= m+1
m +1
I m ,n = cos n1 x sin x + n1 I m ,n2
( )
( n1 ) m+n m+n
= ' '+
m+1
n 2 m 2
cos x sin x (1cos x)dx
( n1 ) Model-4:-
= ' '+
m+1
cosn 2 x sin m xdx
2 x+3
( n1 ) 19. ( x+3 ) (x2 + 4) dx .
- m+1 cos x sin x cos xdx
n2 m 2
Sol:
( n1 ) 2 x +3 A Bx+C
= ' '+
m+1
cosn 2 x sin m xdx Let 2
( x +3 ) (x +4 )
=
x
+
+3 x 2+ 4
( n1 )
- m+1
cos n x sinm xdx
A ( x 2 +4 ) + ( Bx+C ) ( x+ 3)
2
( x +3)(x + 4)
I m ,n =
2
sin m +1 x ( n1 ) ( n1 ) (2x+3) = A ( x + 4 )+ ( Bx +C ) ( x+ 3 ) (1)
cos n1 x I m , n2 I
m+1 m+1 m+1 m, n 3
Put x=-3A= 13
equating the coeffiting of x 2

Aims
3 sinx . cosx
A+B=0B = 13 20. cos2 x+ 3 sinx+2 dx
Constant terms: 4A+3C=3
3
3 c=3+ 4( 13 )
Sol :let cosx=t sinxdx=dt
39+12 51 sinx . cosx

3 c= 13
=
13 cos2 x+ 3 sinx+2 dx
17 t
c= 13 2
(dt )
t +3 t+2
2 x+3 t
( x+3 ) ( x2 + 4) dx (dt)
= ( t+ 1 ) (t+2)
t A B
[ ]
3 3 x 17 let = +
+ ( t+ 1 ) (t+2) ( t+1 ) (t+2)
13 13 13
+
( x +3) x 2 +4
dx
1 3 x 17 1 t= A ( t+ 2 )+ B( t+1)
dx+ 2 dx + 2 dx
x +3 13 x + 4 13 x +4
3

13 put t=1 1= A (1+2) +B (-
1+1)
1
3 x 1dx=log2 |xx|+c 17 1 A=1
|( x +3)|+ ( ) 2 2 dx + 2 2 dx
13 2 x +2 13 x +2
3
log
13 put t=2 2= A (2+ 2) +B (-
2+1)
'
f (x) 1 1 1 x
dx =
2 2 dx= tan +c B=2
f (x ) a +x a a
3 17 1 x
|( x+ 3 )|+ log|x 2 +22|+ . tan1 +c t
26 13 2 2 ( dt )
3 ( t+1 )( t + 2 )
log
13
|( x+ 3 )|+
3
26
log|x 2 +22|+
17
26( ) x
tan1 + c
2

[ 1
+
2
( t +1 ) (t+2)
dt
]
3
log
13

Aims
1 1
dt2 dt
( t +1 ) (t + 2) sinxcosx =t S.O.B
(sinxcosx ) =t 2 2
2 2 2
sin x+cos x 2 sinxcosx=t
log |t+ 1|2 log |t+ 2|+c
2
1sin 2 x=t

log |cosx +1|2 log|cosx +2|+c 1t 2=sin 2 x
/4
sinx+ cosx
I = dx
0 9+16 sin 2 x
0
1
2
dt
1 9+ 16(1t )
0
1
2
dt
1 9+ 1616 t
0
1
2
dt
1 2516 t
0
1
2
dt
2
1 (5) (4 t)

1
a x 2 2
1
dx= log
2a
a+ x
ax
+c | |

[
1
2 [ 5]
log
5+4 t
45 t | |]
/4
sinx+ cosx 4
1. 9+16 sin 2 x
dx
0
|50
5+0
| log|51
5+1 |
log log 1=0
sol :let sinxcosx =t 1

40
diff . w . r . t ' x '
1
1 log
9
L.( cosx+
L : x=0sinx ) dx=dt
t=sinocoso=01=1 log
1
1 1
U . L : x= t=sin
4 4
cos () ()
= =0
4 2 2
40

Aims
1 /4
1tan
40
[ 0log 32 ] I = log 1+
0
( 1+tan
d )
a.b
1 =log alog b
[ 2 log 3 ] log
40
/4
2
1
log 3
I = log
0
( 1+ tan )d
20
/4 /4
I = log2 d log(1+tan) d
0 0
1
log (1+ x )
2. 2
(1+ x )
dx /4
0
I + I = log2 d
0
sol :let /4
x=tan 2 I =log2 (1)d
0
diff . w . r . t ' x '
2 I =log2 [ ]
2
dx=sec d
L. L : x=0 =0
2 I =log2 [ ]
4
0

U . L : x=1 =
4
I = log 2
1
(1+ x) 8
log (1+ x 2) dx
0

x . sinx
3. 1+ sinx
dx
/4 0
log (1+tan )
2
sec 2 d
0 (1+ tan ) Sol:

x . sinx
/4 I = dx
1+ sinx
I = log (1+tan ) d ..(1) 0
a
f ( x ) dx= f ( ax ) dx

f ( x ) dx= f ( ax ) dx (x ). sin ( 0ax)
I = dx
0 0 1+sin ( x
)
a
0
/4

( [ ])

0
(x ). sinx
I = log 1+ tan d I = dx
0 4 1+ sinx
0

Aims

sinx x . sinx 2
I = dx dx I =
0 1+ sinx 0 1+ sinx 2

sinx
I + I = dx
0 1+ sinx 4. 1+x .cos
sinx
2
x
dx
0

sinx(1sinx) Sol :
2 I = dx
0 (1+ sinx ) (1sinx)
x . sinx
I = dx

0 1+cos 2 x
2
sinxsin x
2 I = 2
dx
0 (1sin x)
a
f ( x ) dx= f ( ax ) dx
sinxsin2 x
2 I = dx
(x ). sin ( 0ax)
0 (cos2 x) I = 2
dx
0 1+ cos ( x)

0

[ ]
2
sinx 1 sin x
2 I = . 2 dx
(x ). sinx
0 cosx cosx cos x I = dx
0 1+cos 2 x

2 I = [ tanx . secxtan 2 x ] dx sinx x . sinx
0
I = 2
dx 2
dx
0 1+cos x 0 1+cos x

2 I = tanx . secx . dx - sinx
I + I = dx
0
0 1+ cos2 x

tan 2 x dx
sinx
0 2 I = 2
dx
0 1+ cos x
tanx . secxsex
. dx=secx+c let cosx=t sixdx=dt
( 2 x1)dx
2 I = [ secx ]

-
sinxdx=dt
0
L. L : x=0 t=1
sex2 x dx=tanx+c U . L : x= t=1

2 I = [ secsec 0 ] - [ tanxx ]
1
1
2 I = [ 11 ] - [ 00 ] + [ ] 2 I = dt
1 1+t 2
2
2 I =2 +

Aims
1
1
2 I = dt

/2
cosx+1 sinx dx
2
1 1+t I+I=
2 0
2 I = [ tan1 t ] /2

2I=
2
cosx+1 sinx dx
0
2 I = [ tan1 ( 1 )tan1 (1) ]
Multiplydivide By a2 +b2 DR

2 I = +
4 4 [ ] [ ]
1
2
/2
1
2I=
2 2
1 1
dx
[ ]
[ ]
cosx . +sinx .
0
2 I = 2. . 2 2
4 4
/2
1
2
2I=
2 2

dx
0
cosx . cos ( )+sinx . sin( )
I= 4 4
4
/2
1
2I=
2 2

dx
/2 0
cos ( x ) .
x 4
5. cosx+sinx dx
0

2I=
2 2
sec ( x ). dx
4
sol : 0
/2
x
I =
0 cosx+sinx
dx
2I=
2 2

|
log sec x ( 4 )+ tan ( x 4 )|
a
f ( x ) dx= f ( ax ) dx
0
2I=
2 2

log sec
| ( 2 4 )+tan ( 2 4 )|
/2 ( ax)
I =
0

2

cos ( x)+ sin ( x)
2
0
2
dx
2 2 | ( )

4

log sec 0 + tan (0 )
4 |

2I= [ log| 2+ 1|log|21|]
/2 ( x) 2 2
2
I = dx
0
sinx+ cosx
2I=
2 2

log | |
2+1
21

/2
0
2
cosx+ sinx
/2
dx
0
x
cosx+ sinx
dx
2I=
2 2

log
|
( 2+1)( 2+1)
( 21)( 2+ 1) |
Aims
2
2 dt
2I=
2 2

log
( 2+1)
2
2 12
Let t= tan ( x2 ) ; dx =
1+t 2
;
2 ( 2+1) 2
2I= log 1t
2 2 21 cos x= 2 sinx =
1+t
2t
I= log( 2+1)
2 2 1+t 2
1
1 2 dt
/2
sin x 2 2 I = ( 2
)
dx 2
1+t
6.
0 cosx+sinx
0
( ) 1t
1+t 2
+(
2t
1+t 2
)
1
1 2dt
sol : 2 I = ( )
1t +2 t 1+ t 2
2
0
/2
sin x 2
1+t 2
I = dx (1)
0 cosx+sinx 1
1
2 I =2 2
dt
0 (t 2t 1)
1
a 1
f ( x ) dx= f ( ax ) dx I = dt
[ t 2 t+ ( 1 ) (1)2 1 ]
2 2
0
0
/2 sin 2 ( ax )
2 1
I = dx 1
I = dt
cos ( x)+ sin ( x) [ (t1)2( 2) ]
0 0 2
0
2 2
1
1
/2 2 I = dt
I =
cos x
dx (2)
0 [ ( 2) (t1)2 ]
2
0 sinx+ cosx
Adding (1)(2)
/2
sin x
2
dx +
cos x
dx
/2 2
2I=
1
2 ( 2) [ | |]
log
2t+ 1
2+ t 1
0 cosx+ sinx 0 cosx+sinx
[
| | | |]
I=
1 log 2
log
2+1
2 2 2 21
/2 2 2
sin x+cos x
I + I= dx
0 cosx+sinx I=
2 2

log
|
( 2+1)( 2+ 1)
( 21)( 2+1) |
/2
1
2 I = dx 2
0 cosx+ sinx ( 2+1)
I= log 2
2 2 2 12

Aims
2 ( 2+1)
I= log
2 2 21
I=
1
2
log ( 2+ 1) 8. ( 12 ) 2 =2

7
8. x .sin 7 x cos6 x dx
7.
3 7x
x 3
dx . 0
Sol :
Sol :
let x =3 cos +7 sin

2 2 I = x . sin 7 x cos 6 x dx
0
dx=8 sincos . d
a
L. L : x=3 =0 f ( x ) dx= f ( ax ) dx
0
a
I = ( x) sin ( x )cos 6 ( x )dx
7

U . L : x=7 = 0
2 0

7x =73 cos 2 7 sin2 I = ( x) sin7 x cos6 x dx

0
7(1sin 2 )3 cos2
7(cos 2 )3 cos2 I = sin 7 x cos6 x dx -

0
4 cos2
x sin7 x cos6 x dx
x3=3 cos2 +7 sin2 3 0

2 2
7 sin 3(1cos ) I = sin 7 x cos6 x dx I
0
7 sin 2 3( sin 2 )
I + I = sin7 x cos 6 x dx
2 0
4 sin

3 7x
x 3
dx
f ( x ) dx= 2 f ( x ) dx
/2
2 I =2 sin 7 x cos 6 x0 dx
a
/2
4 cos2 0 2a
8 sincosd
0 4 sin2 0
/2
I = sin 7 x cos6 x dx
/2 0
8 cos2 d
0
/2
cos x dx= n1
n
.
n3 n5
.
n n2 n4 2

0
Aims
cos n x sin m x dx=

/2
( n1 ) ( n3 )( n5 ) ( m1 ) ( m3 )
( m+n )( m+n2 )( m+n4 )
6.4 .2 .5 .3 .1
I =
13.11 .9.7 .5 .3 .1
6.4 .2
I =
13.11 .9.7
16
I=
3003
1. Solve (
x 33 xy 2 dx +(3 x 2 y y 3 )dy =0 .
3 2 2 3
Sol: ( x 3 xy dx +(3 x y y )dy =0 .
3 2
dy ( x 3 xy )
dx =
(3 x 2 y y 3 ) .. (1)
this is homogenous D . E
dy dv
let y=vx =v + x
dx dx
3 2
dv x 3 x (vx)
Eqn (1) v+x = 2
dx 3 x (vx)( vx)3

Aims
3 2 2 2 2 2 2
dv x (13 v ) ( y x )= c ( y +x )
v + x =
dx x 3 (3 vv 3 )
Which is required general solution.
13 v 2
v + x
dv
dx
=
3 vv 3 ( ) 2. Given the solution of
2
x sin 2 ( yx ) dx= ydxxdy Which
dv 1+3 v v
x dx = passes through the point (1,
3 vv 3 1

4 )
dv 1+3 v 2 3 v 2 +v 4
x = Sol:
dx 3 vv 3
v 41
x sin 2 ( yx ) dx= ydxxdy
x
dv
=
dx 3 v v 3 ( )
2 y
xdy= ydxx sin ( x )dx
3 vv 3 1
4 dv= dx
x
v 1
3 v v 3 1
[
xdy= y x sin
2
( yx )] dx
2
( v1 )( v+1 ) ( v +1)
dv= dx
x
[ 1
+
1
2
2v
2(v+ 1) 2( v1) (v +1)
1
dv = dx
x ] [
dy= y
x
x sin 2
x ]
( yx ) dx
1
2
1
log |v +1|+ log|v1|log |v2 +1|=log x+ logc
2
dy
[
dx = x sin
y 2
( xy )] ..
dy dv
let y=vx =v + x
log | v +1 v1
v 2 +1 |
=log(cx) dx dx
dv 2
v+ x =vsin ( v )
v+ 1 v 1 =cx dx
v 2+ 1
dv 2
x =sin ( v )
dx
v 21 =cx
v 2 +1
1 1
dv= dx
2
sin ( v ) x
v 21 2
(v 2 +1)2 =(cx ) 1
cosec 2 v dv= dx
x

Aims
dy dv
cotv=logx+ c dx =1 dx
cot ( yx )=logx+ c Now eqn 1 becomes
dv v +3
1 =
dx 2 v+ 5
this is passing Throughthe point (1,

4 ) v +3 dv
1 2 v +5 = dx
cot ( 4 )=log1+c
2 v+5v3 dv
1=0+ c c=1 =
2 v +5 dx
cot ( yx )=logx1 v +2
2 v+5 = dx
dv
2 v +5
1 dx= v +2
dv
2 v +4 +1
1 dx= v +2
dv
3. solve the differential equation 2(v +2)+1

1 dx= v +2
dv
dy x y +3
=
dx 2 x2 y+ 5 .
dy x y +3
1 dx= ( 2(vv+2+2) + v 1+2 ) dv
Sol: =
dx 2 x2 y+ 5
[ a b
=
a' b' ] 1 dx=( 2+ v 1+2 ) dv
this is nonhomogeneous D . E of case( 2)

x=2 v +log ( v+2 )+ c
dy x y+ 3
= .. x=2(x y )+log ( x y +2 ) +c
dx 2(x y)+5
x2 y + log ( x y +2 ) =c
dy dv
let ( x y )=v 1 =
dx dx

Aims
dy 2 x + y +3 XdV 2 X +VX
4. solve = V + dX = X + 2VX
dx 2 y + x +1 .
Sol: XdV X (2+V )

'' dy 2 x+ y +3 V + dX = X (1+ 2V )
Given e q n = [a /a' b /b ' ]
dx 2 y + x+ 1
XdV ( 2+V )
this is nonhomogeneous D . E of case(3) V + dX = (1+ 2V )
put x=X +h y=Y + k XdV (2+V ) V

=
dX ( 1+ 2V ) 1
dy 2 x+ y+ 3
=
dx 2 y + x +1
XdV 2+V V 2 V 2
dY 2 ( X + h ) +(Y + k )+3 dX = (1+2 V )
=
dX 2 ( Y + k ) +( X+ h)+ 1
XdV 22 V 2
dX = ( 1+ 2V )
dY 2 X +Y +(2 h+k + 3)
= ()
dX X +2 Y +(h+2 k +1)
2
now choose hk such that XdV 2(1V )
dX = (1+2 V )
2 h+k +3=0 ( 1 )

h+2 k +1=0 (2)
[ 1
+
3
2(1+V ) 2(1V )
dV =2
dX
X]
1 1 3 1 1
solving (1 ) (2)
2 (1+ V )
dV +
2 (1V )
dV =2 dX
X
2 1 3 2 1 3
log |1+V | log|1V |=2 log X+ log C
1 2 1 1 2 2
( h , k )= [ 16 32
,
41 41
= ][
5 1
,
3 3 ] log |1+V |+3 log|1V |=4 log X + logC
4
C/X
Hence ( ) becomes ( )
log(1+V )(1V )3=log
dY 2 X + Y
= is a homogeneous
dX X +2 Y C Y

( 1+V )( 1V )3=
equation. X 4 {V= X }
dY XdV
put y=VX =V + Y Y 3 C
dX dX ( )(1+
X
1
X )
= 4
X

Aims
( X +Y ) ( XY )3 C solving (1 ) (2)
= 4
X4 X
-7 3 7 -7
3
( X +Y ) ( X Y ) =C 3 -7 -3 3
( h , k )= [ 5 1
,
3 3 ] 5
X =x+ ,Y = y
3
1
3
( h , k )= [ 9+ 49 2121
,
499 499 ]
=[ 1,0 ]
Hence ( ) becomes
5 1 5 1 3
( x + + y
3 3 )( 3 3 )
x+ y + =C
dY 7 X + 3Y
= is a homogeneous
dX 3 X 7 Y
( 3 x+3 y + 4 ) ( x y +2 )3=3 C
equation.
This is the required solution. dY XdV
put y=VX =V +
dy 3 y7 x +7 dX dX
4. solve =
dx 3 x 7 y3 .
XdV 7 X +3 VX
V + dX = 3 X7 VX
Sol:
'' dy 3 y7 x +7
Given e q n = [a /a' b /b ']
dx 3 x7 y3 XdV X (7+ 3V )
V + dX = X (37 V )
this is nonhomogeneous D . E of case(3)

XdV (7+ 3V )
V + dX = (37 V )
put x=X +h y=Y + k
dy 3 y 7 x +7 XdV (7+ 3V ) V
= =
dx 3 x7 y3 dX (37 V ) 1
dY 3 ( Y + k )7 ( X +h)+7
= XdV 7+3 V 3 V +7 V 2
dX 3 ( X +h )7 ( Y +k ) 3
dX = (37 V )
dY 7 X + 3Y +(7 h+3 k +7)

= () XdV 7+7 V 2
dX 3 X7 Y +(3 h7 k3) dX = 37 V
now choose hk such that
2
XdV 7(V 1)
7 h+ 3 k +7=0 ( 1 ) dX = 37 V

3 h7 k3=0 (2) 37 V dX
V 2 1 dV =7 X

Aims
[ 1
+
3
2(1+V ) 2(1V )
dV =7
dX
X ]
1 1 3 1 1
2 (1+ V )
dV + dV =2 dX
2 (1V ) X
1 3
log |1+V | log|1V |=2 log X+ log C
2 2
log |1+V |+3 log|1V |=4 log X + logC
4
C/X
( )
log (1+V )(1V )3=log
3 C Y
( 1+V )( 1V ) = X 4 {V= X }
Y Y 3 C
( )(1+
X
1
X
= 4
X )
( X +Y ) ( XY )3 C
= 4
X4 X
3
( X +Y ) ( X Y ) =C
( h , k )= [ 5 1
,
3 3 ] 5
X =x+ ,Y = y
3
1
3
3
5 1 5 1
( x + + y
3 3 )( 3 3 )
x+ y + =C
( 3 x+3 y + 4 ) ( x y +2 )3=3 C
This is the required solution.

Aims
ax +by +c=0 ..(1)

a
slope of the line ( 1 ) is ( m1 )=
b
y 2 y 1
k y 1
x 2 x 1 = hx
1
slope of PQ is ( m2 )=
since PQ is lar (1) m1 . m2 =1
a k y 1
( ). ( )=1
b hx1
hx 1 k y 1
= (
a b
Applying ratio propotional )

hx

1

a

hx 1 k y 1
= =
a b
ahax
( 1+bkb y 1)
2 2
1. If Q (h, k) is the foot of a +b
perpendicular from hx 1 k y 1
= =
a b
P ( x 1 , y 1 ) on the straight line
ax +by +c=0 . Then P.T ax
( 1b y 1 +ah+ bk )
ax a 2+ b2 (2)
( 1+b y 1 +c ) hx 1 k y 1
. = =
a 2+ b2 find the foot of a b
hx 1 k y 1
= =
a b
since Q ( h , k ) lies on e q' ' n ( 1 )
perpendicular of (4, 1) w.r.t the line ah+bk + c=0 ah+ bk=c
3 x4 y+12=0.
e q ' ' n(2)
Sol: Q (h, k) is the foot of perpendicular
from
P ( x 1 , y 1 ) on the straight line

Aims
ax ax
( 1b y 1c ) 2( 1+b y 1 +c )
.
a2+ b2 Then P.T a2+ b2 find the
hx 1 k y 1 hx 1 k y 1
= = = =
a b a b
image of (1, 2) w.r.t the line
ax 3 x+ 4 y1=0.
( 1+b y 1 +c )
.
a 2+ b2 Sol: Q (h, k) is image of P ( x 1 , y 1 ) on
hx 1 k y 1
= = the straight line ax +by +c=0 ..(1)
a b
a
slope of the line ( 1 ) is ( m1 )=
b
let ( h , k ) be therequired foot o f perpendicular
(4, 1) w.r.t the line 3 x4 y+12=0. y 2 y 1
k y 1
h4 k 1 (3 ( 4 ) 4 ( 1 ) +12) x 2 x 1 = hx
= = 1
3 4 2
3 +(4)
2
slope of PQ is ( m2 )=
h4 k 1 (20)
= =
3 4 25 since PQ is lar (1) m1 . m2 =1
a k y 1
( ). ( )=1
3
=
5 4 |
h4 4 k1 4
=
5 b hx1
hx 1 k y 1
12 16 = (
a b
h4= 5 k 1= 5
Applying ratio propotional )
12 16 hx
h= + 4k = +1
5 5
1

12+20 8 16+ 5 21
h= = ,k = a
5 5 5 5

hx 1 k y 1
8 21 = =
( h ,k )=( , ) a b
5 5
ahax
( 1+bkb y 1)
2. If Q (h, k) is image of P ( x 1 , y 1 ) on a2 + b2
ax +by +c=0 . hx 1 k y 1
the straight line = =
a b

Aims
ax 12 16
( 1b y 1 +ah+ bk ) h1= 5 k 2= 5
a 2+ b2 (2)
hx 1 k y 1 12 16
= = h= +1k= +2
a b 5 5
Mis themidpoint of PQ ,
12+5 7 16+10 6
h= = ,k =
[
x +x y + y
M 1 2, 1 2
2 2 ] [
=
x 1+ h y 1+k
2
,
2 ] 5 5 5 5
( h ,k )= ( 75 , 65 ) .
x +h y +k
since M 1 , 1
2 2 [ ]
lies on e q' ' n ( 1 )
a ( x 2+h )+b ( y 2+ k )+c=0

1 1
3. Find the circumcentre of the
triangle whose vertices are (1, 3), (-
a x 1+ ah+b y 1 +bk +2 c=0 3, 5) and (5, -1).
ah+bk =a x1 b y 12 c Sol: Let the given vertices are

e q n(2) '' A(1, 3), B(-3, 5) and C(5, -1).
Let S(x, y) be the circumcentre of
ax ABC then SA=SB=SC
( 1b y 1 a x1 b y 12 c )
a 2+b 2 2
hx 1 k y 1 SA =
= =
a b (i) Consider SA=SB
S .O . B . S
ax
S(x, y)
2( 1+b y 1 +c )
.
a2+ b2 A (1, 3) B (-3, 5)
hx 1 k y 1
= = 2 2 2 2
a b ( x1 ) + ( y3 ) =( x+3 ) + ( y 5 )
let ( h , k ) be the image (1, 2) w.r.t the x 2+ 12 x+ y 2 +96 y

2 2
3 x+ 4 y1=0. x + 9+ 6 x+ y +2510 y
line
h1 k 2 2 [3 ( 1 ) +4 ( 2 )1 ] 88 x16+ 4 y =0
= =
3 4 32 +(4 )2 8 x + 4 y24=0 (4)
h4 k 1 2(10)
= = 2 x y+ 6=0 .(1)
3 4 25
h1 4 k2 4
3
=
5 4
=
5 | (ii) Consider SB=SC
S .O . B . S
S(x, y)

Aims
A (-3, 5) B (5, -1)
2 2 2
( x +3 ) + ( y5 ) = ( x 5 ) + ( y+ 1 ) 2
A ( x , y )= [ 2+2 10+2
,
15 15
=(0,2) ]
2 2
x + 9+6 x + y + 2510 y solving e q n (2 )(3)
''
5 -1 -2
2 2
x +2510 x+ y +1+2 y 5
1 -2
5 1
16+ 16 x+2412 y=0
16 x12 y + 8=0 ( 4) B ( x , y )= [ 54 225
,
10+1 10+1
=(1, 3) ]
4 x 3 y+ 2=0 .(2)
solving e q '' n (1 ) (3) 1 1 2 1
Solving (1) and (2) 1 -2

5 1
21 6 2
43 2 4
C ( x , y )=
[ 5+4
,
25
21 21
=(3,1)
]
A(0, -2), B(1, 3) and C(-3, 1).
( x , y )= [ 2+18 244
,
6+ 4 6 +4
=
][
16 20
,
2 2 ] Let S(x, y) be the circumcentre of
ABC then SA=SB=SC
Hence coordinate of the circumcentre of

SA 2 =
ABC are (8,10 ) .
(i) Consider SA=SB
[(2,3 ) , ( 2,1 ) , ( 4, 0 )(1,3) ,(0,2),(3,1)]
S .O . B . S
S(x, y)
A (0, -2) B (1, 3)

4. Find the circumcentre of the
2 2 2 2
triangle whose sides are ( x0 ) + ( y +2 ) = ( x 1 ) + ( y 3 )
x+ y+ 2=0, 5 x y2=0
2 2
x + 0+0+ y + 4+ 4 y
x2 y+ 5=0.
x 2+12 x + y 2 +96 y
Sol : Let ABC whose sides are
x+ y+ 2=0 .. (1)
1+2 x5+10 y=0
5 x y2=0 . (2) 2 x +10 y6=0 (2)
x2 y+ 5=0 .(3)
1 x +5 y3=0 .(4)
solving e q '' n (1 ) (2) 1 1 2
(ii) Consider SB=SC
1
5 -1 S .O . B . S
-2 5
S(x, y)

Aims
A (1, 3) B (-3, 1) since ( 1 ) (3 ) are perpendicular lines
( x1 )2 + ( y3 )2 =( x+3 )2+ ( y 1 )2 these lines form a angledtriangle .

2 2 Circumcentre is the mid point of hypoenuse .
x +12 x+ y +96 y
x 2+ 9+ 6 x+ y2 +12 y
A
88 x +84 y =0
8 x4 y =0(4)
2 x + y =0 .(5)
Solving (1) and (2)
153 1 B
21 0 2
solving e q '' n (1 ) (2) 1 1 0 1
( x , y )=[ 0+ 3 60
,
110 110
=
3 6
,
9 9 ][ ] 2
2 1 5
Hence coordinate of the circumcentre of A ( x , y )=

[ 50 05
,
12 12 ]
=(5 , 5)
ABC are ( 13 , 23 ) .
solving e q '' n (2 )(3) 2 1 5 2
1 -1
-2 1
5. Find the circumcentre of the triangle

whose sides are
C ( x , y )=
[ 2+5 5+4
,
21 21 ]
=(1,3)
x+ y=0, 2 x + y +5=0
A (-5, 5) and C (-1, -3)
x y=2 Circumcentre is the mid point of hypoenuse .

Sol : Let ABC whose sides are
x+ y=0 .. (1) Slope (m) =

a
b
=1 = [ x 1+ x2 y 1+ y 2
2
,
2 ]
2 x + y +5=0 . (2) Slope (m) =
a 2
b
=
1
= [ 51 53
2
,
2
=(3, 1)]
x y=2 .(3) Slope (m) =
6. Find the Orthocenter of the triangle
a 1
= =1 whose vertices are (-5, -7), (13, 2)
b 1 and (-5, 6).

Aims
x+ y+ 2=0. find the orthocentre .

Sol: Given vertices are (-5, -7), (13, 2)
sol : Let ABC whose sides are
and (-5, 6)
7 x+ y10=0 .. (1)
Slope of B (13, 2), C (-5, 6)
y 2 y 62 4 2 x2 y+ 5=0 . (2)
1
= = =
x 2 x 1 513 18 9 x+ y+ 2=0 .(3)
m=
Since AD BC , slope of AD=

9 solving e q '' n (1 ) (2) 7 1 -10
2
7
e q ' ' n of AD is ( y y 1 )=m(x x1 ) 1 -2
5 1
9
A (5,7 ) m=
2
9
( y +7 ) = ( x +5)
A ( x , y )=
[ 520 1035
,
141 141
=(1, 3)
]
2
solving e q '' n (2 )(3)
2 y+14=9 x + 45 1 -2 5 1
1 1
9 x2 y+31=0 ..(1)
2 1
Slope of A (-5, -7), C (-5, 6)

B ( x , y )= [ 45 52
,
1+2 1+2 ]
=(3,1)
y 2 y 6+7 13
1
= =
x 2 x 1 5+5 0 solving e q '' n (1 ) (3) 7 1 -10
m=
7
Since BE AC , slope of BE=0 1
'' 1 2 1
e q n of BE is ( y y 1 ) =m(xx 1)
B ( 13, 2 ) m=0
C ( x , y )= [ 2+10 1014
71
,
71 ]
=(2,4)
( y2 )=0( x13)
A(1, 3), B(-3, 1) and C(2, -4).
y2=0 Now
Slope of B (-3,1), C (2, -4)
y=2.. (2) y 2 y 41 5
y=2(1) =
1
= =1
x 2 x 1 2+3 5
9 x2(2)+ 31=0 m=
9 x=27 Since AD BC , slope of AD=1
27 e q ' ' n of AD is ( y y 1 )=m(x x1 )
x= 9 =3
A ( 1,3 ) m=1
hence required orthocentre is(3,2)
( y3 )=1( x1)
7. If the eqns of the sides of the
y3=x1
triangle are
7 x+ y10=0, x2 y +5=0 x y +2=0 ..(4)

Aims
Slope of A (1, 3), C (2, -4)

y 2 y 43 7 since ( 1 ) ( 2 ) are perpendicular lines
1
= =
x 2 x 1 21 1 these lines form a angled triangle .
m=
1 orthocentre is the point of of ( 1 )(2)
Since BE AC , slope of BE=
7
e q ' ' n of BE is ( y y 1 ) =m(xx 1)
1
B (3, 1 ) m=
7
1
( y1 ) = ( x +3)
7
7 y7=x+ 3
x7 y+10=0.. (5)
solving e q '' n ( 4 )(5) 1 -1 2

1 solving e q '' n (1 ) (2) 1 1 10
1 -7 1
10 1 1 -1
-2 1
A ( x , y )=
[ 10+14 210
,
7+1 7+1
=
][
4 8
,
6 6 ] A ( x , y )= [ 2+10 10+ 2
, ]
11 11
hence required orthocentre is(

2 4
, )
3 3
[ 8 12
,
2 2 ] = [ 4,6 ]
Hence the coordinates of Orthcentre ABC are

8. If the eqns of the sides of the triangle
are x+ y+ 10=0, x y2=0 (4,6 ) .
2 x + y 7=0. find the orthocentre .

sol : Let ABC whose sides are
9. If P and q are the lengths of
x+ y+ 10=0 .. (1) (m) = perpendiculars from the origin to
the st lines
a 1
= =1 xsec+ ycosec=a
b 1
xcos ysin=acos 2 ,
a 1
x y2=0 . (2) (m) = b = 1 =1
P .T 4 p2 +q 2=a2 .
2 x + y 7=0 .( 3) (m) = Sol : xsec+ ycosec=a
x y
a 2
= =2 + =a
b 1 cos sin

Aims
xsin + ycos=asincos 3 x+2 y +4=0,2 x +5 y=1 & whose

xsin + ycosasincos=0 distance from (2, -1) is 2.
length of lar ( 0, 0 ) above line Sol: Given eqns
|c| 3 x+2 y +4=0 .(1)
is p=
a2 +b2 2 x +5 y1=0 (2)
|asincos| solving e q '' n (1 ) (2)
p=
sin2 +cos 2 3 2 4 3
p=asincos 2 5 -1 2
2 p=a 2 sin cos p ( x , y )= [ 220 8+3

,
154 154
= ][
22 11
,
11 11 ]
2 p=asin 2 S.O.B.S (2, 1)
2 2 2
4 p =a sin 2 ..(1)
Let m be the slope of the line passing
q is the length of lar ( 0,0 ) line through
P (-2, 1) is ( y y 1 ) =m ( x x1 )
xcos ysin acos 2 =0

|acos 2 |
q= ( y1 )=m( x +2)
cos 2 +sin2
q=acos 2 S.O.B.S mx+2 m y +1=0
q 2=a2 cos 2 2 ..(2) mx y +2 m+1=0 .(3)
Since distance from (2, -1) to (3) is 2

now e q' ' n ( 1 )(2)
ax
2 2 2
4 p + q =a sin 2 + a cos 2
2 2 2
( 1+b y 1 +c )
sin a2 +b 2
( 2 2 +cos 2 2 ) d=
a2 ( m ( 2 )1 (1 ) +2 m+ 1 )
2=
= a (1)
2
m +(1 )2 2
4 p 2+ q2=a2 ( 4 m+2)
2=
m2 +1
2(2 m+ 1)
2= S.O.B.S
m2+1
m2 +1=( 2m+1)2
m2 +1=4 m2+ 4 m+1
10. Find the eqn of the st lines 2
4 m + 4 m+1 - m 1=0
2
passing through the point of

intersection of the lines 3 m2+ 4 m=0
m(3 m+4)=0

Aims
4 l1 l2
m=0m=
3

Required e q' ' n l1 m
l2 m
case (i ) if m=0
m1 m
4 ( 2)2+( 1)2 +( 2)2
case (ii ) if m=
3
4 l l +m m
( y1 )=0 ( x +2 ) ; ( y1 ) = ( x+ 2) cos= 1 2 1 2
3
y1=0. 3 y3=4 x+ 8
l1 l2
4 x+3 y 11=0.

m1 m
l1 m
l2 m
11. If is the angle between ( 2) 2l 1 l 2 m1 m2 +( 2)2 +( 1)2 +2 l1 l 2 m1 m2
2

the pair of lines
ax 2+ 2 hxy+ by 2=0, then P.T l l +m m
12 1 2

|a+ b|
cos= .
(ab)2+ 4 h2 l 1 l 2m1 m2

Sol: let
l 1 m2 +l 2 m1 2
ax 2+ 2 hxy+ by 2=0 represent thelines

l 1 x +m 1 y=0 ..(1)
l l +m m
l 2 x +m 2 y =0 ..(2) 12 1 2

ax2 +2 hxy +by 2 [ l 1 x +m1 y ] [ l 2 x +m2 y ] =0 |a+b|

l 1 x [ l 2 x +m2 y ] +m1 y [ l 2 x +m2 y ]=0 ( ab ) +( 2 h )
2 2
l 1 l 2 x 2+l 1 m 2 xy +l 2 m 1 xy+ m1 m 2 y 2=0 |a+b|

.
l
(ab)2+ 4 h2
( 1 m2 +l 2 m1 )xy + m1 m2 y 2=0
l 1 l 2 x2 +
Comparing both sides
x 2 , y 2xy coeff , we get
l 1 l 2=a ,m1 m2 =bl 1 m2+l 2 m 1=2 h
l 1 l 2 +m1 m2
now cos=
l 1
2
+m12 l 22+ m22

Aims
l1 l2

l1 m
l2 m
12. Prove that product of
m1 m
perpendiculars from a point ( , ) ( 2)2 +( 1)2 +( 2)2
to the pair of st lines

2 2 a 2 +2 h +b 2 l 1 [ l 2 +m2 ] +m1 [ l 2 +m2 ]
ax + 2 hxy+ by =0 is
(ab)2+ 4 h 2
Sol: : let
l1 l2
ax 2+ 2 hxy+ by 2=0 represent thelines

l 1 x +m 1 y=0 ..(1) m1 m
l 2 x +m 2 y =0 ..(2) l1 m
l2 m
ax2 +2 hxy +by 2 [ l 1 x +m1 y ] [ l 2 x +m2 y ] =0 ( 2) 2l 1 l 2 m1 m2 +( 2)2 +( 1)2 +2 l1 l 2 m1 m2
2

l 1 x [ l 2 x +m2 y ] +m1 y [ l 2 x +m2 y ]=0
l1 l 2 2 +l 1 m2 +l 2 m1 +m1 m2 2
l 1 l 2 x 2+l 1 m 2 xy +l 2 m 1 xy+ m1 m 2 y 2=0

l
( 1 m2 +l 2 m1 )xy + m1 m2 y 2=0 l
l 1 l 2 x2 + l 1 l 2m1 m2

2
l 1 m2+l 2 m 1

l 1 l 2=a ,m1 m2 =bl 1 m2+l 2 m 1=2 h

2 (
1 m2+l 2 m1) +m 1 m2 2
l1 l2 +
w . k . t the lengthof the larfrom (x 1 , y 1) to

ax a 2 +2 h +b 2

( 1+ b y 1+c ) ( ab )2+ (2 h )2
the line
a2 +b2 a 2 +2 h +b 2
ax +by +c=0 is .
(ab)2+ 4 h 2
now product of the larfrom ( , ) to the
lines (1) and (2) is =
l1 + m1 l 2 +m 2
( 2
l 1 + m1
2
)( 2 2
l 2 + m2 )

Aims
l

13. If the eqn ax 2+ 2 hxy+ by 2=0 ( 2 2+m22)

represent a pair of lines , P.T the (l 12 x2 +m12 y 2 +2 l 1 m1 xy )
combined eqn of the pair of l
bisectors bisecting the angle b/w
these lines is h ( x y )=(ab)xy .
2 2
( 1 2+m12)
=

2 2 2 2
Sol: let (2
l x +m 2 y +2 l 2 m2 xy )
2 2
ax + 2 hxy+ by =0 represent thelines
l 1 x +m 1 y=0 ..(1)
l1 l2
l 2 x +m 2 y =0 ..(2)

2 2
ax +2 hxy +by [ l 1 x +m1 y ] [ l 2 x +m2 y ] =0 l
l
l 1 x [ l 2 x +m2 y ] +m1 y [ l 2 x +m2 y ]=0
m1 m2 +

2
l 1 l 2 x +l 1 m 2 xy +l 2 m 1 xy+ m1 m 2 y =0
2
2
( 2 m1 ) y 2 +
l 2
( 1m2 ) x 2+
2
( 1 m2 +l 2 m1 )xy + m1 m2 y =0
l 1 l 2 x2 +
2l 1 m1 l 22 xy +2 l 1 m 1 m22 xy
2 2
x , y xy coeff , we get l1 l2
l 1 l 2=a ,m1 m2 =bl 1 m2+l 2 m 1=2 h

l
Now eqns of bisectors of angle b/w (1 & l
(2) are = m 1 m2 +

2
( 1 m2 ) y 2 +
2
l1 x+ m1 y l 2 x+ m2 y ( 2m1 ) x 2+
( 2
l 1 +m1
2
) (
= 2
l 2 +m2
2
)
2 2
2l 2 m2 l 1 xy +2 l 2 m 2 m1 xy
S .O . B . Scross multiplyin g , we get
l

2
( 2 2+m2 )
l

l
( l 1 x +m1 y )2 2
( 2 m1)
2 2 2 2
= (l 2 x +m 2 y ) ( l 1 + m1 ) ( 1 m2 )

x2

Aims
l l 1 l 2 x 2+l 1 m2 xy +l 2 m 1 xy+ m1 m2 y 2=0

l
( 2 m1)
2 l
2 ( 1 m2 +l 2 m1 )xy + m1 m2 y 2=0
( 1 m2 )
l 1 l 2 x2 +
y 2
l
l 1 l 2=a ,m1 m2 =bl 1 m2+l 2 m 1=2 h
( 1 m 2l 2 m1 )
Solving (1) & (2) we get, (0, 0)
l 1 l 2 ( l1 m2l 2 m1 ) m1 m2 Solving (1) & (3)
l 1 m1 0l 1
2 xy
l mn l
[ ( l1 m2 +l2 m1 ) ( l1 m2l2 m1 ) ] ( x2 y 2 )
A ( x1 , y1 ) = [ n m10
,
0nl 1
l 1 mlm1 l 1 ml m1 ]
2 xy ( l 1 m2l 2 m1 ) [ l 1 l 2m1 m2 ] Similarly by solving (2) & (3) we get,
B ( x2 , y2 ) = [ n m2
,
n l2
l 2 mlm2 l 2 ml m2 ]
( l 1 m2 +l2 m1 ) ( x 2 y 2 )=2 xy [ l1 l2m1 m2 ] 1
Now area of OAB= |x y x y |
2 1 2 2 1
2 2
2 h ( x y ) =2 xy (ab) =
|( n m1 n l 2 n m2 n l 1
)|
2 2
h ( x y )=xy (ab) . 1
2 l 1 mlm1 )( l 2 ml m2

)( )(
l 2 ml m2 l 1 ml m1
14. S.T the area of the triangle
2 2
ax + 2 hxy+ by =0
| |
formed by the lines 1 n2 ( l 1 m2l 2 m1 )
lx+my+ n=0is = 2
and ( l1 ml m1) ( l2 ml m2 )
n2 h2ab
| |
Sq . units .
a m2 2hlm+ b l 2
=
2

1 n ( l 1 m 2+l 2 m 1) 4 l 1 l 2 m 1 m2
2
2 l 1 l 2 m 2l 1 m2 lml 2 m 1 lm+m 1 m 2 l 2
Sol: let
2 2
ax + 2 hxy+ by =0 represent thelines
|
n ( 2 h ) 4 ab
|
2 2
l 1 x +m 1 y=0 ..(1) 1
= 2 2 2
a m (l 1 m2 +l 2 m1 )lm+ bl
l 2 x +m 2 y =0 ..(2)
lx +my + n=0 .( 3)
ax2 +2 hxy +by 2 [ l 1 x +m1 y ] [ l 2 x +m2 y ] =0

= 2 |
1 n 2 4 h24 ab
a m2 2h lm+b l 2 |
l 1 x [ l 2 x +m2 y ] +m1 y [ l 2 x +m2 y ]=0

Aims
2
= 2 2 |
n2 h2ab
a m 2h lm+b l
2 | =
now ( 2 g )( 2 f )( 2 h )
l
( 1 n2+ l 2 n1 )(l 1 m2 +l 2 m1 )( m1 n2 +m2 n1)
| n2 h2ab
a m22 hlm+ b l2 |
Sq . units

[ l 12 m 2 n2+ l1 l 2 m1 n2+ l 1 l 2 m2 n1 +l 22 m1 n 1 ] ( m1 n2 +m2 n1 )
15.If the eqn l 12 m1 m2 n22+l 12 m22 n1 n2 +l 1 l 2 m12 n22
ax 2+2 hxy+ by 2+2 gx+2 fy+c=0 +l 1 l 2 m1 m 2 n1 n2 +l 1 l 2 m1 m 2 n1 n 2+l 1 l 2 m22 n12 +l 22 m12 n1 n
Represent a pair of lines , P.T

2 2 2
l 1 l 2 [ ( m1 n2 ) 2+ ( m2 n1 )2 ]
(i)abc +2 fgha f b g c h =0
( ii ) h2 ab , g2 ac , f 2 bc . +m1 m2 [ ( l 1 n 2) 2+ ( l 2 n1 )2 ] + n1 n 2 [ ( l 1 m2) 2+ ( l 2 m1 )2 ] +2 l1 l 2 m1 m2
Sol : Let ax 2+ 2 hxy+ by 2+2 gx+ 2 fy+c=0

represent thelines
= l 1 l 2 [ ( m1 n 2+ m2 n1 )22 m1 m2 n1 n2 ]
l 1 x +m 1 y +n 1=0 ..(1)
l 2 x +m 2 y +n 2=0 ..(2)
+m 1 m 2 [ ( l 1 n 2+l 2 n1 ) 2 l 1 l 2 n1 n2 ]
2
2 2
ax +2 hxy +by +2 gx +2 fy+ c=0
+n1 n2 [ ( l 1 m2 +l 2 m1 )22 l 1 l 2 m1 m2 n 1 n2 ]
[ l 1 x +m1 y+ n1 ][ l 2 x +m2 y+ n2 ]=0
2 2
+2l 1 l 2 m1 m2 n1 n2
l 1 l 2 x +l 1 m2 xy +l 1 n 2 x +l 2 m1 xy + m1 m2 y
+m1 n 2 y +l 2 n1 x +m2 n 1 y +n1 n2=0 a [ ( 2 f )22 bc ] +b [ ( 2 g )22 ac ]
l
+c [ ( 2h )22 ab ] +2 abc
l
( 1 n2 +l 2 n1) x
2 2 2
( 1 m2 +l 2 m1 )xy + m1 m2 y 2 + 8 ghf =4 a f 2 abc+ 4 b g 2 abc +4 c h
l 1 l 2 x 2+
2 abc +2 abc
m
( 1 n2+ m2 n1 ) y + n1 n 2=0 8 ghf =4 (a f 2 +b g2 +c h2abc )

+
Comparing both sides abc - a f 2b g2c h2=0

2 2
x , xy , y , x , ycoeff constant we get ,
2
l 1 l 2=a ,m1 m2 =b , l1 m2+ l2 m1=2 h
l 1 n 2+l 2 n1=2 g , m1 n2 +m2 n 1=2 f
l m +l m
[
now h ab= 1 2 2 1 l 1 l 2 m1 m2
2
2 ]
And
n1 n2=c

Aims
(l 1 m2 +l 2 m 1)2 4 l 1 l 2 m1 m2 n
( 1+n2 )=2 g ,m(n 1+ n2)=2 f
4 &
l
(l 1 m 2l 2 m1 )2 n1 n2=c
0 h2ab 0 h2 ab
2
now h2=(lm)2=l 2 m 2=ab h2=ab
2 2
Similarlly , we can show that g2 ac , f 2 bc .
af =l
2m(n1 +n2 )
2
2
=m [
2 l (n1 +n2 )
2
=bg
2
] [ ]
16.If the eqn 2 2
af =bg
2 2
ax +2 hxy+ by +2 gx+2 fy+c=0
distance b /w parellal lines ( 1 )(2)
Represent a pair of lines , P.T
2
( i ) h =ab ,(ii) af =bg 2 2 |C 1C2| |n1n 2|
= =
( n +n ) 4 n n
1 2
2
1 2
(iii) the distance b/w
a + b 2 2
l +m
2 2
a+b
g2ac
f 2 bc

2
2g
parallel lines is 2
a (a+b)
or 2
b (a+b)

( )
l
4 c
=
4 g24 l 2 c
2
l (a+b)
=
2
Sol : Let ax + 2 hxy+ by +2 gx+ 2 fy+c=0 2 a+ b
represent the lines

lx +my + n1=0 ..(1)
2

g 2ac
a(a+b)
lx+my+ n2=0 ..(2)

2
2f
2 2

( ) m
4 c
=
4 f 24 m2 c
m2 (a+ b)
=
ax +2 hxy +by +2 gx +2 fy+ c=0 a+b
[ lx+ my+n1 ] [ lx+my+ n2 ]=0
2 2
l x +lmxy +l n2 x +lmxy +m y
2 2
2
f 2bc
b(a+b)
+m n2 y +l n1 x +m n1 y+ n1 n 2=0
17.S.T that the pair of st lines
2 2 2 2 2 2
l x +2 lmxy+ m y 6 x 5 xy6 y =0,
n1 +n 2
6 x 5 xy6 y + x+ 5 y 1=0
2
form a
( 2) x +m(n1 +n2 ) y + n1 n 2=0
square.
+l
Sol: Given pair of st lines
2 2
Comparing both sides 6 x 5 xy6 y =0
x 2 , xy , y 2 , x , ycoeff constant 6 x 25 xy6 y 2 + x+ 5 y 1=0
we get ,
Now 6 x 25 xy6 y 2=6 x 29 xy + 4 xy6 y 2
2 2
l =a , m =b , 2 lm=2 h
3 x ( 2 x 3 y )+ 2 y ( 2 x3 y )
( 2 x3 y ) (3 x +2 y)

Aims
2
2 x 3 y=0. . ( 1 ) m1= [ m=a /b ]
3
3
3 x+2 y=0 .. ( 2 ) m2=
2
18.Find the angle b/w line joining the origin
[ m1 m2=1 ] to the point of intersection of the curve
Let 6 x 26 xy6 y 2 + x +5 y1 x 2+2 xy + y 2 +2 x +2 y5=0 And the line

( 2 x3 y +l )( 3 x +2 y + m) 3 x y +1=0.
[ ]
2 2
6 x +4 xy+ 2mx9 xy6 y 3 my Sol : Given curve
+3 lx+2 ly+lm
x 2+2 xy + y 2 +2 x +2 y5=0 .... (1)
[ 6 x 25 xy6 y 2 ( 3 l+ 2m ) x+ ( 2 l3 m ) y+ lm ] Line 3 x y +1=0 (2)

1=3 x+ y .(3)
equating the coefficients of x y , homogenising (1 ) using(3)
3 l+ 2m=1 . ( a ) , 2l3 m=5 (b)
the combined e q' ' n is
Solving (a) & (b)
3 2 -1 3 x
2 -3 -5 2 2 2
( 2+2 xy+ y )+ ( 2 x+2 y ) (1)5(1) =0
( l ,m )= [ 103 2+15
,
94 94
=(1,1) ]
x
2 2
So the lines represented by ( 2+ 2 xy + y )+ ( 2 x +2 y ) (3 x + y )5(3 x+ y) =0
6 x 26 xy6 y 2 +x +5 y1=0 are
2 x
2 x 3 y+1=0 ( 3 ) m 3= 22
( 2+ 2 xy + y )6 x + 2 xy 6 xy+ 2 y
2
3

3
3 x+2 y1=0 ( 4 ) m4= 5 (9 x2 + y 26 xy)=0
2
[ m3 m4 =1 ] x 2+ 2 xy + y 26 x 24 xy +4 y 2
Eqn (1), (3) and (2), (4) are parallel lines
Eqn (1), (2) and (3), (4) are perpendicular lines 45 x2 5 y2 +30 xy=0
so the figure form a rectangle.
Now the distance b/w Parallel lines (1), (3) is
50 x2 +28 xy2 y 2=0 ( by2)
|C 1C2| |0+1| 1
d 1= = =
a + b2 2
2 +3
2 2
13 2 2
25 x 14 xy + y =0
Also the distance b/w Parallel lines (2), (4) is
|C 1C2| |01| 1
d 1=d 2
d 2=
a + b2 2
=
3 +2
2 2
=
13 thus
a=25,2 h=14, b=1 [ compare with
ax +2 hxy +b y 2=0
2 ]
the figure formed is a square.
|a+ b| 25+1
cos= =
(ab) + 4 h
2 2
(251)2+(14 )2

Aims
26 2x
= x +2 y x+ 2 y 2
24 2+ 142 ( 22 xy+ 3 y 2 )+ ( 2 x y ) ( )1( ) =0
k k

26
= 2x
576+196
( 22 xy+ 3 y 2 )+
[2 x 2+ 4 xy xy2 y 2 ]
26 k
=

772
[ x 24 xy + 4 y 2 ]
1 2
=0
26 k
=
4.193
26
= 2 193
2
[
2 1 2 4
x 2+ 2 + y 3 2
k k k k ] [ ]

[
3 4
+2 xy 2+ + 2 =0
k k ]
=cos1
( 13193 ) 2 1 2 4
a=2+ 2 , b=3 2
k k k k
[ compare with
ax 2+2 hxy +b y 2=0 ]
since ( 1 )(2) mutuallly perpendicular
coe . of x 2+ coe . of x2 =0
(a+ b=0)
19.Find the value of k if line joining the
origin to the point of intersection of the
curve 2 1 2 4
2+ 2 + 3 2 =0
k k k k
2 x 22 xy +3 y 2 +2 x y1=0 And the line
x+ 2 y =k mutually perpendicular . 5
5 =0
SOL: Given curve k2
2 x 22 xy +3 y 2 +2 x y1=0 .... (1)
Line x +2 y=k (2) 5
5= 2
k
x+ 2 y
1= .(3) 2 5
k k = =1
5
homogenising (1 ) using(3)
k =1
''
the combined e q n is
2x
2 2
( 22 xy +3 y )+ ( 2 x y ) (1)1(1) =0


Aims
Now cos=|l 1 l 2 +m1 m2 +n1 n2|
cos= l
| ( ) ( ) ( )| |
1
3
+m
1
3
+n
1
3 =
l+ m+ n
3 |
20.If a ray makes angles , , and

Similarly we get, cos = |
l+m+n
3 | ,
with four diagonals of a cube, then find
2 2 2 2 4
cos = | lm+n
3 | , cos = | l+ mn
3 |
cos + cos +cos +cos = .
3 Now cos 2 + cos2 + cos2 + cos2
Sol: let OABCDEFG be the given cube with 2
l+ m+ n
edge 1 and its vertices are = ( 3 ) +
O ( 0, 0,0 )
l+m+n 2 lm+n 2 l+mn 2
( 1 ,0, 0 ) ( 1,1, 0 )
A
B ( 0, 1, 0 )
D
D ( 1, 0 ,1 )
( 3
+
3
+)(3 ) ( )
4 2 2 2 4
C ( 0, 0,1 ) D ( 0 , 1,1 ) = ( l + m +n ) = ( 1 )= 4
3 3 3
G (1, 1, 1)
Direction ratios [ x 2x 1 , y 2 y 1 , z 2z 1 , ]
'
D .r s of diagonals Dcs of diagonals
Drs of OG ( 1,1, 1 ) Dcs of OG
( 13 , 13 , 13 )
Drs of AF (1 , 1,1 ) Dcs of AF
( 13 , 13 , 13 )
Drs of BE ( 1,1 , 1 ) Dcs of BE 21.Find the angle b/w the lines whose
direction cosines satisfy the eqns
( 13 , 13 , 13 ) l+ m+ n=0,
( 1,1,1 ) l 2+ m2 n2=0.
Drs of CD Dcs of CD
Sol: Given eqns
1 1 1 l+ m+ n=0 (1)
( , ,
3 3 3 ) l 2+ m2 n2=0. . (2)
Let (l, m, n) be the DCs of the ray which make
From (1) l=(m+n)
angles , , and with four diagonals of
Sub ' l' value in (2)
a cube OG, AF, BE and CD respectively.

Aims
( m+n )2 +m2n 2=0

2 2 2 2
m +n +2 mn+ m n =0
2 m2+2 mn=0
2 m(m+ n)=0
22.Show that the lines whose d.cs are given
2 m=0m+n=0 by l+ m+ n=0,2 mn+3 nl5 lm=0.
m=0 (3)
Sol: given eqns
m+ n=0 .(4). l+ m+ n=0 (1)
2 mn+3 nl5lm=0 (2)
Solving (1) & (3) Solving (1) & (4)
From (1) l=(m+n)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 Sub ' l' value in (2)
0
l m n 2 mn3 n ( m+ n )+ 5 ( m+n ) m=0
= =
l m n 00 01 10
= = 2 mn3 mn3 n2 +5 m2+5 mn=0
01 00 10
2 2 2
l m n 5 m + 4 mn3 n =0 by n
l m n 0 =1 = 1 2
= =
1 0 1
nd
5 [ ] [ ]
m
n
+4
m
n
3=0
Dr s of 2 li ne ( a 2 , b2 , c 2 )
st m1 m2
Dr s of 1 line ( a 1 , b1 , c 1) , be the roots
(0,1,1) Let n1 n2
(1, 0,1)
c
Product of the roots
a
a1 a2 +b 1 b 2+ c1 c 2
cos =
a 1
2 2
+b 1 + c1 2
a 2
2 2
+ b2 + c 2
2
[ ][ ]
m1 m2 3
n1 n2
=
5
m1 m2 n1 n2
3
=
5
(A )
(1 ) ( 0 ) + ( 0 )(1 ) + ( 1 ) (1)
cos = m=(l+n)
12 +02 +12 02 +12 +12 From (1)
Sub ' m' value in (2)

0+0+1 2 ( l+n ) n+3 nl+5 l ( l+n )=0
cos =
2 2
2 ln 2 n2 +3 nl+ 5l 2 +5 ln=0
1 5 l 2+6 ln2 n2=0 by n2
cos =
2 2

5
[] []
l
n
l
+ 6 2=0
n
=60 3 l1 l2
Let , be the roots
n1 n 2
c
a
Aims

[ ][ ]
l1 l 2 2
=
n1 n 2 5
l 1 l 2 n1 n2
2
=
5
(B)
Drs of AF (1 , 1,1 ) Dcs of AF
From (A) & (B)

l 1 l 2 m1 m2 n1 n2
( 13 , 13 , 13 )
= = =k ( say )
2 3 5 Drs of BE ( 1,1 , 1 ) Dcs of BE
l 1 l 2=2 k , m1 m2=3 k , n1 n 2=5 k

1 1 1
( , ,
3 3 3 )
Cos =|l 1 l 2 +m1 m2 +n1 n2|
Drs of CD ( 1,1,1 ) Dcs of CD
2k 3 k +5 k
0
=90
( 13 , 13 , 13 )
If ' is the angle between the diagonals OG
thetwo lines are perpendicular each other .
and AF then
Cos =|l 1 l 2 +m1 m2 +n1 n2|
= |
1 1
+
1 1
+
1 1
3 3 3 3 3 3 |
= |13 + 13 + 13| =cos1 ( 13 )
23.Find the angle b/w the diagonals of a

cube.
Sol: let OABCDEFG be the given cube with

edge 1 and its vertices are
O ( 0, 0,0 )
A ( 1 ,0, 0 ) D ( 1,1, 0 )
B ( 0, 1, 0 ) D ( 1, 0 ,1 )
C ( 0, 0,1 ) D ( 0 , 1,1 )
G (1, 1, 1)
D .r ' s of diagonals Dcs of diagonals
Drs of OG ( 1,1, 1 ) Dcs of OG
( 13 , 13 , 13 )
Aims
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
24. Find the angle b/w the lines 1 0 2 1 0 2 1
whose direction cosines satisfy the 0 1 2 0 1
2 l m n
eqns l+ m+ n=0, = =
12 01 20
l m n
mn2 nl2 lm=0. = =
21 02 10
l m n
= =
1 1 2
Sol: Given eqns l m n
= =
1 2 1
l+ m+ n=0 (1) nd
Dr s of 2 line ( a2 , b2 , c 2)
mn2 nl2 lm=0. . (2) st 2)
Dr s of 1 line ( a 1 , b1 , c 1(1,1,
)
(1,2,1)
From (1) l=(m+n) Dc s of 2nd line ( l2 , m 2 , n2 )

) 1 , 1 , 2 )
Dc s of 1st line ( l 1 , m 1 , n1(
6 6 6
1 2 1
( , , )
mn+2 n ( m+n )+ 2(m+ n)m=0 6 6 6
mn+2 mn+2 n2 +2 m2+ 2mn=0
2 m 2+5 mn+2 n2=0

25. Find the angle b/w the lines
whose direction cosines satisfy the
2 m 2+ 4 mn+mn+ 2 n2=0 eqns 3 l+ m+5 n=0,
2 m ( m+2 n ) +n( m+2 n)=0 6 mn2 nl +5 lm=0.
( m+2 n ) (2 m+ n)=0 Sol: Given eqns
3 l+ m+5 n=0 (1)

m+2 n=0 (3)
6 mn2 nl +5 lm=0. . (2)
2 m+ n=0 . ( 4 )
From (1) m=(3 l+5 n)
Sub ' m' value in (2)
6 [ 3l+5 n ] n2nl 5l [ 3 l+5 n ] =0
2 2
18 ln30 n 2 ln15 l 25 ln=0
2 2
15 l 45 ln30 n =0 by15

Aims
l 2 +3 ln +2 n2=0
l 2 +2 ln +ln +2 n2=0 26. Show that the lines whose d.cs
are given by
l ( l+2 n ) +n ( l+2 n )=0
l+ m+ n=0,2 mn+3 nl5 lm=0.
( l+2 n ) (l+n )=0
Sol: given eqns
l+ m+ n=0 (1)
( l+ 2n )=0 (3)
2 mn+3 nl5lm=0 (2)
( l+ n )=0 . (4)
From (1) l=(m+n)

2 mn3 n ( m+ n )+ 5 ( m+n ) m=0
3 1 5 3 1 3 1 5 3 1 5 2 2
2 mn3 mn3 n +5 m +5 mn=0
5 1 0 1 1 0 1
2 2 2
1 0 2 1 0 5 m + 4 mn3 n =0 by n
2 l m n
= = 2
l
=
m
=
n
10 53 01 5
m
n [ ] [ ]
+4
m
n
3=0
20 56 01 l m n m1 m2
1 = 2 =1 Let , be the roots
n1 n2
l m n
2 = 1 =1 c
nd
Dr s of 2 line ( a2 , b2 , c 2) Product of the roots
a
Dr s of 1st line ( a 1 , b1 , c 1) (1, 2,1)
(2,1,1)

[ ][ ]
m1 m2 3
n1 n2
=
5
m1 m2 n1 n2
3
=
5
(A )
|a1 a2 +b 1 b 2+ c1 c 2| From (1) m=(l+n)

cos = ' m'
a 1
2
+b 12+ c12 a22+ b22+ c 22 Sub value in (2)
2 ( l+n ) n+3 nl+5 l ( l+n )=0

( 2 )( 1 ) + (1 )( 2 ) + (1 ) (1) 2 2
cos = 2 ln 2 n +3 nl+ 5l +5 ln =0
22+12 +12 12 +22 +12 2 2 2
5 l +6 ln2 n =0 by n
2
cos =
22+1
6 6
5
[] []
l
n
l
+ 6 2=0
n
l1 l2
1 Let , be the roots
cos = n1 n 2
6
c
a
=cos
1
( 16 )
Aims

[ ][ ]
l1 l 2 2
=
n1 n 2 5
l1 l2
2 = 5 (B)
n1 n2 Drs of AF (1 , 1,1 ) Dcs of AF
From (A) & (B)

l1 l2 m 1 m2 n1 n2
( 13 , 13 , 13 )
2 = 3 = 5 =k ( say )
Drs of BE ( 1,1 , 1 ) Dcs of BE
l 1 l 2=2 k , m1 m 2=3 k , n1 n 2=5 k
Cos =|l 1 l 2 +m 1 m2 +n1 n2|

( 13 , 13 , 13 )
2k 3 k +5 k
Drs of CD ( 1,1,1 ) Dcs of CD
0
=90
( 13 , 13 , 13 )
thetwo lines are perpendicular each other .
If ' is the angle between the diagonals

27. Find the angle b/w the diagonals OG and AF then
of a cube.
Cos =|l 1 l 2 +m 1 m2 +n1 n2|
Sol: let OABCDEFG be the given cube with
edge 1 and its vertices are
= |
1 1
+
1 1
+
1 1
3 3 3 3 3 3 |
O ( 0, 0,0 )
A ( 1 ,0, 0 ) D ( 1,1, 0 ) = |13 + 13 + 13|

B ( 0, 1, 0 ) E ( 1, 0 ,1 )
C ( 0, 0,1 ) F ( 0 , 1,1 )
G (1, 1, 1)
=cos
1
( 13 )
D .r ' s of diagonals Dcs of diagonals
Drs of OG ( 1,1, 1 ) Dcs of OG 1,2, 1

28. S .T the points(4,7, 8),(2,3, 4), ),
( 13 , 13 , 13 ) (1, 2, 5) are the vertices of a
parallelogram.
Sol :let the Given points

Aims
1,2,1
A (4,7, 8) , B(2, 3, 4) , C ), A , B , C , D are the virtices of the parallelogram .
D(1, 2, 5)
AB=(x 2x 1)2 +( y 2 y 1)2 +(z 2z 1 )2
A ( 4, 7,8 ) B(2, 3, 4)
29. If ( 6,10, 10 ) , (1, 0,5 ) ,(6,10, 0) Are
AB =(24)2 +(37)2 +(48)2 vertices of a triangle find the D.rs

of its sides. Determine whether it is
right angled or isosceles.
(2)2 +(4)2 +(4 )2
Sol :
4+16 +16 36=6 let A ( 6, 10, 10 ) , B ( 1,0,5 ) ,C ( 6,10, 0 )
1,2, 1 Are verticesof a triangle

B ( 2, 3, 4 ) C )
Direction ratios [ x 2x 1 , y 2 y 1 , z 2z 1 ]
BC =(12)2 +(23)2 +(14 )2
A ( 6,6, 10 ) B ( 1, 0,5 )
(3) +(5) +(3)
2 2 2
D.rs of AB [ 16, 010,510 ]

BC= 9+25+ 9= 43
[ 5,10,15 ] =[ 1, 2,3 ]
1,2,1
) D(1, 2,5)
C
B ( 1, 0,5 ) , C ( 6,10,0 )
CD= (1+1)2+(2+2)2+(51)2
CD= (2)2+(4)2+(4)2 D.rs of BC [ 61,100, 0+5 ]
CD= 4+ 16+16= 36=6

[ 5,10,5 ] =[ 1,2, 1 ]
D (1, 2, 5 ) A (4, 7, 8)
A ( 6,10, 10 ) C ( 6,10, 0 )
DA= (41)2+(72)2 +( 85)2 of AC [ 66,1010, 010 ]

D.rs
DA= ( 3) +(5) +(5)
2 2 2
[ 0,20,10 ] =[ 0,2, 1 ]
DA= 9+ 25+ 9= 43
AB =CD , BC=DA

Aims
|a1 a2+ b1 b2 +c 1 c 2|
cos ABC=
a a
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
2 2 2 2 2 2
+ b1 +c 1 +b2 +c 2 A +B AB A +B AB
1 2 2 cos cos =a 2 co s sin
2 2 2 2
1+2 (2 ) +3(1)
1

cos [ AB
2 ]
=asin
A+ B
2 [ ]
ABC =
cos

AB
2
cos
=a
[ ]
cos ABC=
|14 +3|
1+ 4+ 9 1+ 4+1
sin
AB
2 [ ]
cos ABC=
0
14 6
=0 cot [ AB
2
=a
]
AB
B= =cot1 ( a )
2 2
The given triangle isa angled .

1
AB=2 cot ( a )
1 1
sin x sin y =2 cot1 ( a )
30. If 1x 2+ 1 y 2=a ( x y ) ,
diff w . r .t ' x '
dy 1 y 2
then P .T =
dx 1x 2 .
1

1 dy
=0
2 dx
Sol : let
1x 1x
2
1
x=sinA A=sin x 1 dy 1
2 dx
=
y=sinB B=sin1 y 1x 1x 2
1x 2+ 1 y 2=a ( x y ) dy 1 y 2
=
dx 1x 2
1sin 2 A+ 1sin 2 B=a ( sinAsinB )
cos2 A+ cos 2 B=a ( sinAsinB )
cosA +cosB=a ( sinA sinB )

Aims

31. If y=tan
1
[ 1+ x 2+ 1 x2
1+ x2 1x 2 ] ,
y= +
4
dy 1
find . y= + cos1 ( x 2 )
dx 4 2
2 1 diff w . r .t ' x '

Sol: let x =cos 2 = 2 cos
1
( x2 )
y=tan1
[ 1+ x 2+ 1x2
1+ x 2 1x 2 ] dy
dx
=0+
1
2 [ 1
1(x 2)2 ] d 2
dx
(x )
y=tan 1
[ 1+cos 2 + 1cos 2
1+cos 2 1cos 2 ]
dy
dx
=0+
1
2 [ 1
1(x 2)2 ] (2 x )
dy
dx
=
[ x
1x 4 ]
y=tan1
[ 2 cos2 + 2 sin2
2 cos2 2 sin2 ] 32. If y=x tanx +(sinx)cosx , find
dy
dx
.
Sol: let y=P+Q diff w . r .t ' x '
y=tan1 [ 2(cos +sin )

2(cossin) ] dy dP dQ
= +
dx dx dx
(1)
where P=x tanx Applying log on B . S
[ ]
cos sin
+
cos cos log P=log x tanx
y=tan1
cos sin

cos cos
log P=tan x . log x [ ( uv )' =u v ' + vu' ]
diff w . r .t ' x '

y=tan1 [ 1+tan
1tan ] 1 dP d d
P dx =tan x dx ( log x ) +log x dx ( tan x )
1 dP 1 2
P dx =tan x . x +log x . sec x
y=tan 1
[ ( )]
tan 1
4
+

Aims
dy
dP
dx =P [ tanx
x
+log x . sec 2 x ] 33. If y=( sinx)
log x
+x
sinx
, find
dx
.
Sol: let y=P+Q diff w . r .t ' x '

dP
dx =x
tanx tanx
x [
+ log x . sec 2 x (2) ] dy dP dQ
= + (1)
dx dx dx
cosx logx
where Q=sinx Applying log on B . S where P=sinx Applying log on B . S
cosx logx
log Q=log sinx log P=log sinx
log Q=cosx. log( sinx) [ ( uv )' =u v ' + vu ' ] log P=log x . log sinx [ ( uv )' =u v ' +vu ' ]
diff w . r .t ' x ' diff w . r .t ' x '
1 dP d d
P dx =log x dx ( log sinx )+ log sinx dx ( log x )
1 dQ d d
=cos x [ log(sinx) ] +log(sinx) ( cosx )
Q dx dx dx
1 dP 1 1
P dx =log x . sinx . cosx + log sinx . x
1 dQ 1
Q dx =cos x . sinx . cosx+ log sinx .(sinx)
sinx
1
dQ
dx =Q
cos 2 x
sinx [
log ( sinx ) . sinx ]
log

x
+
logx . cotx
[ ]
2
dQ cosx cos x dP
dx =sinx log ( sinx ) . sinx ...(3) =P
sinx dx
e q ' ' n ( 2 )( 3 ) (1)

dP
dx =sinx
logx
[ logx . cotx
+log sinx
x
(2) ]
dy dP dQ
= +
dx dx dx where Q=x sinx Applying log on B . S
dy tanx tanx
dx
=x
x [
+ log x . sec 2 x ] log Q=log x sinx
log Q=sinx . log x [ ( uv )' =u v ' +vu ' ]
[ ]
2
cosx cos x
+sinx log ( sinx ) . sinx
sinx diff w . r .t ' x '

Aims
1 dQ d d log P= y . log x [ ( uv )' =u v ' + vu' ]

Q dx =sin x dx [ log x ] +log x dx ( sinx )
diff w . r .t ' x '

1 dQ 1
Q dx =sin x . x +log x .(cosx)
1 dP d d
P dx = y dx ( log x ) +log x dx ( y )
dQ
dx
=Q
sinx
x [
+log x . cosx ] 1 dP 1 dy
P dx = y . x +log x . dx
dQ
dx
=x sinx
sinx
x [
+ log x . cosx (3) ] dP
[
dx =P y . x + log x . dx
1 dy
]
e q ' ' n ( 2 )( 3 ) (1) dP
dx =x
y
[ y . x1 +log x .
dy
dx ]
dy dP dQ
= +
dx dx dx dP
[
dx = y . x
y1
+ x y log x .
dy
dx
( 2)]
dy
dx [
=sinx logx logx . cotx
+ log sinx
x ]
where Q= y x Applying log on B . S
+ x sinx
[ sinx
x
+log x . cosx
] log Q=log y x
log Q=x . log y [ ( uv )' =u v ' + vu' ]

y x1
x log x + x y
y x y1+ y x log y diff w . r .t ' x '
34.
y x b dy
If x + y =a , S . T = 1 dQ d d
dx Q dx =x dx ( log y )+ log y dx ( x )
Sol : let P=x y , Q= y x

1 dQ 1 dy
P+Q=a
b
diff w . r .t ' x ' Q dx =x . y dx +log y .1
dP dQ
+
dx dx
=0 (1)

dQ
dx
dy
[
=Q x . y1 + log y
dx ]
where P=x y Applying log on B . S
y

dQ
dx [dy
= y x x . y1 + log y
dx ]
log P=log x

Aims
dQ
dx [ dy
= x . y x1 + y x log y (3)
dx ] +a2 .
{[ 1
x+ a + x2 2
] } d
dx
[ x+ a2 + x 2 ]
e q ' ' n ( 2 )( 3 ) (1)

dy 1
dx
=x . ( 0+2 x ) + a 2+ x 2
2 a +x
2 2
dP dQ
+ =0
dx dx
y .x
y1 y dy
+ x log x . + x . y
x1 dy x
+ y log y=0
+a2 .
{[ 1
x+ a + x
2 2
] }[ 1+
1
2 a 2+ x 2
(0+2 x)
]
dx dx
dy x2
x+ x y x1 dx = + a 2+ x 2
x y log a +x
2 2

dy
dx
+a2 .
{ 1
}[
a2 + x 2 + x
[ x+ a2+ x2 ] a2 + x 2 ]
x y log x + x y x1
y x y1 + y x log y
dy x2
= 2 2 +a + x
2 2

dy dx a + x
=
dx
+ a2
a 2+ x 2
35.
If y=x a + x +a log [ x + a + x ] ,
2 2 2 2 2
dy a2+ x 2
= 2 2 +a + x
2 2
dx a + x
dy
find .
dx
dy
sol : = a2 + x 2 + a 2 + x 2
dx
y=x a2+ x2 +a 2 log [ x + a2 + x 2 ]

dy
=2 a2 + x 2
dx
diff w . r .t ' x '
dy d 2 dx
dx =x . dx ( a + x ) + a + x . dx
2 2 2 36. If f ( x )=sin1
x
&
+a .
2 d
dx
{log [ x+ a2 + x2 ]} g ( x ) =tan
1
[ ]
x
x
'
, then P. T
'
f ( x ) =g ( x)

dy
dx
=x .
1
2 a +x
2
d 2 2
2 dx
( a + x ) + a2 + x 2 .1
Sol : let =sin 1
x

(1)

Aims
sin =
x

37.
and we know that 2 3
(12 x)3 (1+3 x) 4 dy
If y= 5
, find .
6
6
7
dx
cos= 1sin 2 (16 x) (1+7 x)
cos= 1 [ ]
x

(12 x) 3 (1+3 x) 4
2 3
Sol : y= 5 6
6 7
(16 x) (1+7 x)
cos= 1 x
applying log on B. S
cos= x+
[ ]
2 3
(12 x )3 (1+3 x )4
log y=log 5 6

6 7
x ( 16 x) (1+7 x )
cos=
2 3
sin log y=log (12 x) 3 +log ( 1+ 3 x ) 4

Now tan=
cos 5 6
log (16 x ) 6 log (1+7 x ) 7
tan=
x
2 3
x
log y= 3 log(12 x)+ 4 log ( 1+3 x )
5 6
log (16 x )+ log (1+7 x )
6 7
tan=
x
x
=tan1
x
x
=g(x ) diff w . r .t ' x '
=g ( x ) .(2)
1 dy 2 1 3 1
y . dx = 3 . 12 x (2 ) + 4 . 1+3 x ( 3 )
e q ' ' n ( 1 ) ( 2 )
5 1 6 1
. (6 ) + . .( 7)
6 16 x 7 1+7 x
f ( x )=g( x )
diff w . r .t ' x '
' '
dy
dx
=y
4
[ 1
+
9 1
+
5
+
1
3 (12 x) 4 (1+3 x) (16 x) (1+7
f ( x )=g ( x)

Aims
{
1 2
( x 4 ) if 0< x <2
f ( x )= 2
0 if x=2
3
28 x if x> 2
x 2 f ( x )
Sol: LHL=lim

1
x 2 (x 24)
2
38. S.T f(x) = lim

{
cos axcos bx
,x 0 1
= 2 ( 44 )=0
2
f ( x )= x
1 2 2 where
(a b ) ,x=0
2
x 2+ f ( x )
a and b are real constants, is RHL=lim

continuous at 0.
cos ax cos bx
Sol: lim
x 0 x2 8
x 2+(2 3
)
x
lim
ax+bx axbx
lim
2sin
2 (
2 sin
2 ) ( )
x 0 x2 8
=2- 8 =2-1=1
a+b a+b LHL RHL

=
lim 2sin
x 0 2( )
x lim 2 sin sinax
. x 0 lim 2
x 0 x
x( )
=a x 2+ f ( x )
x x x 2 f ( x ) lim

lim
(a+ b) (ab)
=-2 2 2
lim f ( x ) does not exist
x 2
1 2 2
= 2 (a b ) f(x) is not continuous at x=2.
1 2 2
Given f (0) = 2 ( a b ) , lim
x0
f ( x )=f (0)
f ( x ) is continuous at x=0.
39. Check the continuity of
( 2 x 27 x4 )
40. lim
x 2 ( 2 x 1 ) ( x2 )
following function at 2
Sol :

Aims
( 2 x 27 x4 ) x 1+ (k 2 xk )
lim
x 2 ( 2 x 1 ) ( x2 ) lim

( x4 ) (2 x+ 1) 2 2
= k ( 1 )k =k k
lim
x 2 ( 2 x 1 ) ( x2 )
Since f(x) is continuous at x=1.
2 2
( x 2 ) (2 x +1)
lim x 1+ f ( x )
x 2 ( 2 x1 ) ( x2 )
f ( x )= lim

( x2 ) ( x +2 ) (2 x+ 1) x 1
lim
x 2 ( 2 x 1 ) ( x2 ) lim

( x+2 ) (2 x +1) k 2k =2
lim
x 2 ( 2 x 1 )
k 2k 2=0
2
( 2+2 ) [ 2 (2 )+1 ] k 2 k +1 k2=0

[ 2(2)1 ] k (k2)+1(k 2)=0
( k 2 ) (k +1)=0
( 2+2 ) [ 4+ 1 ] 5
= (2+ 2) ( k 2 )=0(k +1)=0
[ 41 ] 3
k =2k =1
41. Is f defined by
x ( e x 1 )
42. compute lim
{
k 2 xk ,if x 0 , isa continuous x 0 1cosx
f ( x )= 2, if x< 0
function onR ,
then find the values of k . x ( e x 1 )
Sol : lim
x 0 1cosx
Sol :
x 2 f ( x ) 1
lim ( e x 1 ) .
LHL=lim x 0 1cosx

x
x 1( 2) ( e x 1 ) 1
lim .
lim x 0 x 1cosx

x2
= 2
x 1+ f ( x )
[
lim
x 0
( e x 1 )
x ][. lim
x 0
1
1cosx
2 ].
RHL=lim x


Aims
= - a sin (a x ).
[ ]
1
[ 1 ] . lim .
x 0
2sin 2 ( 2x ) 2) Sec3x
2
x Sol :f (x)=sec 3 x f (x +h)=sec (3 x+ 3 h).
2
[ ( )]
1 1
f ( x +h ) f ( x)
2 x f ' (x )=lim
sinx h
2 h0
lim
x 0 x
sec ( 3 x+ 3 h)sec 3 x
2
f1(x) = lim
[]
1 1 1 2 4 h0 h
= [ 2 ] = =2
2 1 2 2
2
= lim [ +
1
h 0 cos ( 3 x +3 h) cos ( 3 x) h
1
] 1
43.Find the derivatives of the

following functions from first
principles = lim
h0 [ cos (3 x )cos(3 x +3 h) 1
cos 3 x .cos ( 3 x +3 h) h ]
1) cos ax
=
Sol: f(x) = cos ax and f(x + h) =
cos(ax+ ah) .
f ( x +h ) f (x )
lim
h0
[ 2 sin ( 3 x +32x +3 h ) sin ( 3 x +32x+3 h ) 1
cos 3 x . cos ( 3 x+ 3 h) ] h
f1(x) = lim h
h0 =
cos (ax +ah).cos ax
f1(x) = lim
h0 h sin ( 32 h ) .( 3 )
= lim
2sin
ax +ah+ax
2 (
sin
ax+ ahax
2 ) ( ) h 0 [
lim 2 sin 3 x+ ( 3h
)]
lim
2 h 0
( 32 h ) 2
h0 h
lim [ cos 3 x .cos ( 3 x +3 h) ]
h0
ah ah
= lim
2sin ax +
2
sin ( 2 ) ( )
h 2 sin 3 x 1 3
h0
= . ( )
cos 3 x cos 3 x 2
[ ]
ah
sin ( )
= lim
h0 [
2 sin ax +
2 ( ah
)] lim
ah /2 0 (ah)
2
. = 3 tan 3 x . sec 3 x .
2
3) tan 2 x
(a)
2 f ( x)=tan 2 x
Sol:
=-2sin (a x ). (1). ( a2 ) f (x +h)=tan(2 x +2 h) .

Aims
f ( x +h ) f ( x) h3 +3 x 2 h+3 xh 2
f ' ( x )=lim lim
h0 h h0 h
tan(2 x +3 h)tan2 x
[ ]
2 2
f ' ( x)=lim h +3 x + 3 xh
lim h
h0 h h0 h
lim
h0 [ sin ( 2 x+ 2h) sin ( 2 x) 1
+
cos ( 2 x+ 2h) cos ( 2 x ) h ] lim [ h 2+3 x 2 +3 xh ]
h0
2 2 2
0 +3 x +3 x ( 0 )=3 x
lim
h0 [ sin(2 x +2 h)cos ( 2 x )cos (2 x +2 h)sin(2 x ) 1
cos 2 x . cos ( 2 x +2 h) h ] 5) cos ax
lim
h0 [ sin ( 2 x +2 h2 x) 1
cos 2 x . cos ( 2 x+2h) h ] Sol: f(x)
sin(2 x+ 2h) .
= sin 2 x and f(x + h) =
[
lim
h 0
sin 2 h
2h ][
(2) lim
1
h 0 cos 2 x . cos ( 2 x +2 h) ] f1(x) = lim
h0
f ( x +h ) f (x )
h
sin(2 x +2 h).sin2 x
1.2.(
1
)= 2
2 f1(x) = lim
h0 h
cos 2 xcos 2 x cos 2 x
=
2 sec 2 x .
lim
2 cos ( 2 x +22h+2 x ) sin ( 2 x +22h2 x )
h0 h
cos ( 2 x+ h ) sin ( h )
3 = 2 lim h
4) x h 0
Sol: f ( x)=x 3 = 2 lim

h 0
[ cos ( 2 x +h ) ] lim
h 0
[ sin ( h)
h ]
3
f (x +h)=(x +h) = 2 cos2x
f ( x +h ) f ( x) y x y
f ' ( x )=lim 44.If x =e , then show that
h0 h
dy logx
=
dx (1+ logx)2 .
(x +h)3x 3
f ' ( x)=lim y x y
h0 h Sol: Given x =e
x 3+ h3 +3 x2 h+3 xh2x 3 Applying log on both sides

lim
h0 h
x y = log e x y
log

Aims
dx sin ( a+ y y )

y log x=(x y) log e dy = sin2 ( a+ y )
y log x=(x y) dx sin ( a)

=
dy sin2 (a+ y )
y + y log x = x
2
dy sin (a+ y)
y ( 1+log x ) = x = .
dx sina
x
y= (1+log x)
Diff w. r. to x
dx d
( 1+ log x ) . x . (1+ log x)
dy = dx dx
dx (1+log x)
2
1
1+logxx( 0+ )
dy = x
dx 2
(1+log x)
46. If f(x) = tan
1
[ 1+ x 21
x ]
dy 1+logx1 logx
= 1
dx ( 1+ log x ) = ( 1+logx )2
2 ,g(x)= tan x then differentiate
f(x) with respect to g(x).
Sol: f(x) = tan

1
[ 1+ x 21
x ]
45.If sin y=x sin(a+ y) , then S.T
2
Put x=tan ,
dy sin (a+ y )
dx
=
sina .
f(x) = tan
1
[ 1+ tan2 1
tan ]
sin y=x sin ( a+ y )
Sol: Given
siny v u ' uv '
= tan 1
[ sec1
tan ]
x= sin ( a+ y) [(uv)= ]
v2
[ ]
1
1
Diff w. r. to y = tan
1
]
cos
sin = tan
1
[ 1cos
sin
cos
dx sin ( a+ y ) cosycos ( a+ y )siny
=
[ ] [ ]
dy 2
sin (a+ y )
2 sin 2 sin
2 2
tan 1 1
= tan
{ sin( AB)=sinAcosB cosAsinB } 2sin cos cos
2 2 2

Aims
dy 1

[ ] 1
1 tan x =
= tan tan 2 = 2 = 2 dx 1+ x 2
Diff w. r. to x
1
f (x)=
2
2(1+ x )
1
And g(x) = tan x
1
Diff w. r. to x g(x)= 2( 1+ x 2 )
f (x ) 1
g (x) = 2
47. If y=
[ ] [ ]
3 3
tan
1
[ ]
2x
1x
2
+ tan
1 3 xx
13 x
2
tan
1 4 x4 x
2
16 x + x
4
dy 1
then S.T =
dx 1+ x 2 .
Sol:
y=
[ ] [ ]
3
4 x4 x 3
tan 1
[ ] 2x
1x 2
+ tan 1 3 xx
13 x 2
tan1
16 x 2 + x 4
Put x tan =tan x

1
y=
[ ] [ ]
3 3
tan 1
[ 2 tan
2
1tan
+ tan1
]3 tantan
2
13 tan
tan 1
4 tan4 tan
2 4
16 tan + tan
y=
tan 1 [ tan 2 ] + tan 1 [ tan 3 ] tan1 [ tan 4 ]
y= 2+ 34
y=
y tan 1 x 48. the distance time
Diff w. r. to x formula for the motion of

Aims
particle along straight line is 1 2

s=t3-9t2+24t-18 find when and Volume of the cone v= 3 r h
where velocity becomes zero.
Sol: given s=t3-9t2+24t-18 1 h 2
V= 3 ( 2 ) h
Differentiating w.r.tt
ds
2 1 3
dt =3t -18t+24 v= 12 h
ds
{ =v } Differentiating w.r.t t
dt dv 1 dh
= 3 h2 .
ds dt 12 dt
If Velocity becomes zero dt =0 dh 4 dv
2
3t -18t+24=0 dt = h2 dt [h=8]
3 (t2-6t+8) =0
(t-2) (t-4) =0 4
t=2 or t=4 = 82 .12
The velocity is zero after 2 and 4
3
seconds. = 4 cm/sec.
Case (I): Case (II):
If t=2 If t=4 Hence, the rate of change of water level
S= t3-9t2+24t-18 S= t3-
2
9t +24t-18 3
is 4 cm/sec. when the water level of
= 23-9(22) +24(2)-18 S= 43-
9(4)2+24(4)-18 the tank is 8cm.
=8-36+48-18 =64-144+96-18
=56-54=2 =160-162=-2
50. A stone is dropped into a
The particle is at a distance of 2 units
quiet lake and ripples move in
from the starting point O on either side.
circles at the speed of 5cm/sec.
49. A container in the shape of at the instant when the radius of
an inverted cone has height circular ripple is 8cm. how fast is
12cm and radius 6cm at the top. the enclosed area increases.
Sol: suppose r is the value of the outer
If it is filled with water at the
ripple and A be its area.
rate of 12cm3/sec, what is the 2
rate of change in the height of Area of the circle A= r (given r=8,
water level when the tank is
dr
filled 8cm?
dt =5cm/sec)
Sol: Here h=OC =8cm
r=AB=6cm Differentiating w.r.t t
dv dA dr
3 =2 r
dt =2m /min dt dt
OAB OCD are simillar angle dA
=2 ( 8 ) (5)
CD OC r h dt
AB = OA 6 = 12
dA
=80 cm2 /sec
h dt
r= 2
51. The volume of a cube is
increasing a rate of 9 c.c per

Aims
second. How fast is the surface da

area increasing when the length 8=3(144) dt
of the edge is 10c.ms?
Sol: suppose a is the edge of the cube
da 8
dt = 3 144 cm/sec (2)
and v be the volume of the cube.
V=a3 dS da
dV 3
=12 a
dt dt
Given dt =8 cm /sec and a=12cm
dS 8 8 2
Surface area of cube(S) =6a2 dt
=12(12)
3 144 = 3 cm /sec .
Differentiating w.r.t t
dS da
=12 a . (1)
dt dt
V=a3
Differentiating w.r.t t
dV da
=3 a2
dt dt

Sol: Let A (3, 4), B (3, 2), and C (1, 4)

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Sol: Let A (3, 4), B (3, 2), and C (1, 4)

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Aims

1. Find the equation of the circle 0+ 4 f +12=0 { by 4 }

Let the required eqn of the circle be

S x 2+ y 2+2 gx+ 2 fy+c=0 .()

A (3, 4) lies on () Solving eqn (2) & (3)

(3)2 +(4)2 +2 g (3 )+ 2 f ( 4 )+ c=0

(3)2 +(2)2 +2 g ( 3 )+ 2 f (2 )+ c=0 gf 1=0 .(5)

Solving eqn (4) & (5)

C (1, 4) lies on () g+2=0

(1)2 +(4)2 +2 g ( 1 ) +2 f ( 4 ) +c=0 g=2

1+16+2 g +8 f + c=0 ' g' ' f ' valueseq n(1)

2 g+8 f +c +17=0 ..(3) 6(2)+8(3)+c +25=0

1224+25+ c=0 c=11

Aims Aims tutorial | 9000 68 76 00

Solving eqn (1) & (2)

Let the required eqn of the circle be

S x 2+ y 2+2 gx+ 2 fy+c=0 () Solving eqn (2) & (3)

(1)2 +(1)2 +2 g ( 1 ) +2 f ( 1 ) +c=0 4 g+ 4 f + c+ 8=0

1+1+ 2 g+2 f +c=0 8 g4 f +28=0 { by4 }

2 g+ 2 f +c +2=0 .(1) 2 g+ f 7=0 .(5)

B (-6, 0) lies on () Solving eqn (4) & (5)

(6)2 +(0)2 +2 g (6 )+ 2 f ( 0 ) +c=0 7 1 -17 7

Aims Aims tutorial | 9000 68 76 00

' g' ' f ' valueseq n(1) 4 g+ 0+k + 4=0 .(1)

6868=0 8 g+10 f + k +41=0 ..(3)

Givin point are concyclic .

3. If (2, 0), (0, 1), (4, 5) and (0, c) 4 g2 f +3=0

Let the required eqn of the circle be

Aims Aims tutorial | 9000 68 76 00

g+f + 5=0 .(5) [ c1 ] =0( 3 c14 )=0

4 -2 3 4 4. Find the equation of the circle

S x 2+ y 2+2 gx+ 2 fy+c=0 ()

26 2612 14 (2)2+(3)2 +2 g (2 ) +2 f ( 3 ) +c=0

4 +94 g+6 f +c=0

Since D (0, c) also lies on ()

(4)2 +(1)2 +2 g ( 4 ) +2 f ( 1 ) +c=0

Given centre (g ,f )lies on X axis

Y coordinateis zero i. e . , f =0 8 g+2 f +c +17=0 .(1)

f =0e q ' ' n(3)

3 g +0+7=0 B (6, 5) lies on ()

7 36+25+12 g+10 f + c=0

the values of ' g ' ,' f '' c '() 4 g8 f 44=0 { by4 }

x 2+ y 2 +2 ( 73 ) x+ 2( 0 ) y +(673 )=0 1 g+ 2 f +11=0 .(3)

Given centre (g ,f ) lieson 4 x +3 y24=0

6. Prove that the combined

7. Show that the circles

of contact and eqn of tangent e q ' ' n of common tangent at p is ss ' =0

S ' x 2+ y 2+2 x8 y +13=0 ..(2)

centres (g ,f ) : C1 ( 3,1 ) , C2 (1, 4 ) 4 x3 y +6=0.

x 2+ y 2 4 x6 y12=0, x 2+ y 2+6 x +18 y +26=0

touch each other. Find the point

ratio r 1 : r 2=3 :2=m :n

r 1= 22 +32 +12= 4 +9+12=5

Aims Aims tutorial | 9000 68 76 00

(5)2 +(12)2= 25+144 = 169 =13 radius ( r )= g2 +f 2c

the circles toucheach othe externally . r 2= 22 +324= 4+ 94= 9=3

the point of contact pC 1 C 2 Internally in the Internalcentre of similututeC 1 C 2 Internally

( 5(35+8) +8 (2) , 5 (95+8) +8(3) ) ( 1(21+) +3(2)

5 x +12 y +19=0. ( y 92 )=m ( x 1) ( 2 y9

9. Find the transverse common 2 mx2 y 2m+9=0 (1)

x 2+ y 2 + 4 x6 y +4=0. r 1= lr distance C 1 (2,5) ( 1 )

Sol: eqn s of the given circles

centres (g ,f ) : C1 ( 2,5 ) , C 2 (2,3 ) |2 m(2)2(5)2 m+ 9|