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SATCOM for UAS to Allow for
Transmission of BLOS ISR Data
Rick Lober
VP/GM
Defense Systems
Rick.Lober@hughes.com
((301)) 428-2712
10 September 2014
Agenda
Hughes Intro
Why
y BLOS for ISR?
Todays Requirements
VSAT or Mobilsat
Typical hardware and systems
Technical Challenges in Airborne BLOS Systems
Advanced Technology Efforts in FMV BLOS
The Ku vs. Ka debate
WGS interoperability
Winning
g the throughput
g p battle
3 HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Hughes Today a leader in SATCOM
End to end systems and solutions for data transport - VSAT and Mobilsat
4 HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Hughes in Airborne Networking
HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Commercial Airborne COTM Terminal
Solutions
Tecom
HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Hughes Airborne BLOS SATCOM Solutions
Driven by Customers Requirements
8 HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Todays Defense SATCOM Airborne
Networkingg Requirements
q
Sufficient uplink bandwidth to transmit Full Motion Video and more
Global coverage with seamless regional transition currently Ku
band moving to Ka band commercial/military Ka desired
Maintaining IP connectivity back to GIG - BLOS
Provide TRANSEC and COMSEC capability
Centralized Network Management System with visibility to all nodes
on the network
End-to-end QoS across global network Bandwidth Efficiency
Low jitter and latency for VTC, VoIP and Video
Minimal impact of equipment to aircraft flight dynamics. Requires
low profile and ultra small aperture antennas
Interoperability with Land and Maritime Systems in and outside the
same AOR at waveform and IP level
Todays COTS Satcom Solutions meet many of
these requirements
HUGHES PROPRIETARY
VSAT or Mobilsat
Mobilsat (MSS)
Typically L or S band systems
Iridium, Inmarsat, Thuraya, Globalstar
Cellular like operation - SIM card with good global coverage
Small antenna size
Throughput limited to 500 kbps
Very expensive airtime can reach $20/minute for streaming
In use of some p platforms ((C2 or still)) and with certain sensors
VSAT - Very Small Aperture Terminals
Evolved from FSS Fixed Satellite Services but mobility now added
C, Ku, Ka, X band operation
Requires network provisioning of bandwidth
Very high throughput 100s of Mbps
About 10% of the cost to operate for airtime
Larger antenna size
In use on larger UAS moving to smaller UAS
10 HUGHES PROPRIETARY
TYPICAL VSAT SYSTEMS:
- SCPC
- MF/TDMA
/
11 HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Typical Shared TDMA SATCOM Network
Primary Focus for Hughes Products and Services
Provide Broadband IP via Satellite
Consumer
Corporate
Internet
Intranet
DVB-S2 Broadband
ACM IP Access
Branch Office
Connectivity
INTERNET
or
INTRANET Broadband
IP Access
or
MPLS
or
FRAME RELAY
Broadband
Multimedia
IP Access
Telephony and
Kiosk Service
MPLS Access
HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Why Shared TDMA versus SCPC
Why SCPC M
Wh May Not
N tBBe Ri
Right;
ht
Not all terminals are active 100% of time but SCPC prevents reuse of capacity
If a terminal needs more bandwidth Not possible
Th HX TDMA W
The Way
Use bigger inbound
Dynamically allocate the
channels
And share the
bandwidth where it is
bandwidth across needed
multiple
lti l remote
t
terminals
Transponder Bandwidth
Why TDMA May Be Better;
Bandwidth can be guaranteed per terminal An TDMA Operator can either
Min CIR always allocated o e its
Lower ts ope
operating
at g cost/price
cost/p ce or
o
If a terminal needs more bandwidth Can Do Provide better service
HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Next Generation Aero Wideband
SATCOM Waveform Attributes
KEY Features:
Forward Link: DVB-S2 TDM / Return Link: MF-
TDMA or SCPC
State of the art coding technology improves
bandwidth efficiency 4x compared to todays UAS
BLOS systems deployed
Operation
p over any
y SHF satcom and US DoD WGS:
Ku, X, Ka
Bi-Directional Adaptive Coding and Modulation
(ACM) - vast improvement over older CDL systems
Star or Star/Mesh Architecture
Gateway/Hub Provides all Network Station and
Control Functions
EoIP: Secure Tactical Video, Data, Voice-over-IP
Multiple
p Q QoS Priority
y Levels - from CBR to Dynamic
y
Bandwidth
Data Rates:
Up to 150 Mbps Ground to Air
20-50 Mbps Air to Ground
SECURITY:
FIPS 140-2 Compliant (Federal Information Processing
Standard Publication 140-2) TRANSEC
HUGHES PROPRIETARY
AIRBORNE BLOS ISR
SATCOM LINKS:
TECHNICAL CHALLENGES
Video Compression
Doppler
pp Compensation
p
Certifications and Spreading
Beam and Satellite Switching
Latency issues and double
double hops
hops
Antenna Considerations
Rotary Wing and small UAV applications
Given the 44,000 mile round trip distance and the use of a
satellite for relay the problem becomes more complex than
typical LOS links
HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Required Data Rates and Video
Compression
HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Doppler Compensation Required for Reliable
on-the-move Transmission
Doppler Compensation D
Blockage Recovery
Mobile Hub Receive Window
Terminal will flywheel during
momentary
t outroute
t t lloss b
before
f
Bursts with Bursts with
declaring loss of outroute lock
Terminal requires external 10 MHz clock
Terminal Terminal
Doppler Doppler
Compensation Bursts Without Doppler Compensation
HUGHES PROPRIETARY
FCC/ITU Issues and Spreading
HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Adjacent Satellite Interference
HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Beam Switching
HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Antenna Considerations
Primary Locations
Fuselage
Tail
Primary Types
Parabolic Dish (12-18)
Low
L Profile,
P fil partial
ti l ESA
HPA
Typical 25 to 40W to close link
Nav Interface
GPS required for pointing
Coverage
g Issues
Polarization skew angle
Issue near equator for 2 axis
HUGHES PROPRIETARY
UAS BLOS COMMS
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS
AREAS
23 HUGHES PROPRIETARY
UAS Satcom BLOS Technology
Development
p Focus Areas
Rotor Wing UAS BLOS links for systems mounted under the
blades
Higher Throughput ISR links for Fixed Wing UAS
Ultrasmall Satcom terminals for small UAS
HUGHES PROPRIETARY
ROTARY WING AIRCRAFT
BLOS SATCOM LINKS
OVERVIEW
HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Techniques to Overcome Rotor Blade
Blockage
HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Rotary Wing ISR Link Test - Bell 407
HUGHES PROPRIETARY
FIXED WING UAS HIGH
THROUGHPUT BLOS ISR
LINK
HUGHES PROPRIETARY
ULTRASMALL UAS BLOS
LINK WAVEFORM
~180mm
Additional Spreading feature designed to
operate with extra small transmit antenna to
meet U.S. and International off-axis emission
densityy regulations
g
Provides BLOS capability to UAS Platforms with
wing spans less than 30 ft. ~310mm
33 HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Global Satellite Services : > 1 Million
Sites
NORTH AMERICA GAL 28 AMC 3 AMC 9 HISP1C/1D
GAL 17 HOR 2 W3A
GAL 25 AMC 6 Ka-band W2A EUROPE
GAL 3C SPACEWAY 3
GAL 19 EURO 3
GAL 16
TURK 2A
AMC 4
INTEL 1R
SATMEX 6 Ku-band
SATMEX 5
Ka-band
GAL 18 HYL 1
HOR 1
Ka-band
Ku-band HYL 2
JUPITER
Ka-band
HTS
EXT. C-band
NSS-12
Ku-band
Ku band
GAL 28 INSAT 3A
Ka-band
INTEL 9 HTS
INSAT 3A
INTEL 901 NSS-11
INDIA
Potential Hughes Subscribers
650,000 Ka-band
SOUTH AMERICA S C
SPACEWAY 3
HTS
Hylas 1 & 2 1 Million
Jupiter 1.5 2 Million
Latin America/Asia/Other
HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Global Ku-band Aero Network Rollout
HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Ka Satellite Coverage
Advantages of Ka Band
New
New capacity to high demand regions
Range of multi-spot, regional and steerable beams
Flexible payloads to meet evolving customer demands
Less congested than Ku
Ku- and CC-band
band in space also
also
Allows for Higher bandwidths and speeds
Larger transponders
Smaller end-user antennas
More efficient support of high bandwidth applications
Ku enhancements also underway Intelsat EPIC
Ka
a Challenges
C a e ges
More susceptible to rain feed but design into link margin
Commercial and Mil Ka slightly different frequencies
More spot
p beams means more hand-off
WGS coordination
Ideal Case: Ku/Ka/Ka MIL and WGS in seamless network
HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Winning the throughput battle
Bandwidth Drivers
Higher quality FMV sensors and new sensors
More UAS and FMV
Video on demand anywhere, anytime
38 HUGHES PROPRIETARY
10 Mbps Video thru Rotor Blades
39 HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Contact Information
Rick Lober
VP/GM, Defense and Intelligence Systems Division
Hughes Network Systems
Germantown, MD
858-774-5705
40 HUGHES PROPRIETARY