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The Western UAS Conference

http://www.ttcus.com

Linkedin/Groups:
Technology Training
Corporation
@Techtrain
SATCOM for UAS to Allow for
Transmission of BLOS ISR Data

Rick Lober
VP/GM
Defense Systems
Rick.Lober@hughes.com
((301)) 428-2712

10 September 2014
Agenda

Hughes Intro
Why
y BLOS for ISR?
Todays Requirements
VSAT or Mobilsat
Typical hardware and systems
Technical Challenges in Airborne BLOS Systems
Advanced Technology Efforts in FMV BLOS
The Ku vs. Ka debate
WGS interoperability
Winning
g the throughput
g p battle

3 HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Hughes Today a leader in SATCOM

4th largest satellite owner/operator in the world

World Leader in Global Managed Services - Satellite, Terrestrial, Cloud

End to end systems and solutions for data transport - VSAT and Mobilsat

4 HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Hughes in Airborne Networking

Technology provider to ROW44, a broadband IP service


provider to commercial airlines.
Have more than 750,000 flight hours on our system with 350
aircraft fully outfitted with broadband connection.
Leveraging
g g this technology
gy for DoD use multiple
p contracts to
date, numerous trials underway.
Have demonstrated 30 Mbps in/>3 Mbps out from aircraft
using low
low-profile
profile wide
wide-body
body fuselage mount antenna on Boeing
737 using a Net based, multiple access waveform.
Same waveform supports airborne, land mobile, and maritime.
Moving to 45 Mbps rates out of aircraft
Developing advanced waveforms for higher speed, rotary wing
and small UAV applications
pp demonstrated 10 Mbps
p thru rotor
blades

HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Commercial Airborne COTM Terminal
Solutions

Tecom

Rantec Ku 11.5 & 18

HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Hughes Airborne BLOS SATCOM Solutions
Driven by Customers Requirements

Airborne solutions based on HX System


technology developed in the last 4 years.
Southwest Airlines and Norwegian Airlines
offering airline passengers true
broadband connectivity
Southwest Airlines State Department The system allows full internet access, VoIP
services, cell phone roaming and live
television usingg IPTV
Military Fixed Wing BLOS SATCOM
applications
Modular approach to terminal and system
Coalition Partner solution
Indian Navy
Development of specialized waveforms
(SCMA, LPI/AJ, rotary wing applications)
Open standards based
WGS Certified
Global strategic alliances for Global
Bell 407 Flight Test KMAX BLOS Testing Networks (YAHSAT, Avanti, Inmarsat,
Intelsat, Eutelsat , etc.)
Network Management Solutions QoS,
B d idth Efficiencies,
Bandwidth Effi i i etc.
t
Provider of end-to-end SATCOM solutions

V-22 BLOS Testing GA Predator XP BLOS Discussions HUGHES PROPRIETARY


Why BLOS for Airborne ISR?

Typical air to ground links limited by range - ~150 miles


Typical
yp air to ground
g links are line of sight
g (LOS)
( )
Issue in Mountainous regions such as Afghanistan
Certain flight patterns and operations can result in longer
stand
sta d off
o ranges
a ges and
a d lower
o e altitudes
a t tudes
LOS blockage becomes more likely

BLOS currently in use on higher flying and longer range UAS


BLOS demand increasing for many other ISR platforms
including rotary wing along with various unattended sensors.

8 HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Todays Defense SATCOM Airborne
Networkingg Requirements
q
Sufficient uplink bandwidth to transmit Full Motion Video and more
Global coverage with seamless regional transition currently Ku
band moving to Ka band commercial/military Ka desired
Maintaining IP connectivity back to GIG - BLOS
Provide TRANSEC and COMSEC capability
Centralized Network Management System with visibility to all nodes
on the network
End-to-end QoS across global network Bandwidth Efficiency
Low jitter and latency for VTC, VoIP and Video
Minimal impact of equipment to aircraft flight dynamics. Requires
low profile and ultra small aperture antennas
Interoperability with Land and Maritime Systems in and outside the
same AOR at waveform and IP level
Todays COTS Satcom Solutions meet many of
these requirements
HUGHES PROPRIETARY
VSAT or Mobilsat

Mobilsat (MSS)
Typically L or S band systems
Iridium, Inmarsat, Thuraya, Globalstar
Cellular like operation - SIM card with good global coverage
Small antenna size
Throughput limited to 500 kbps
Very expensive airtime can reach $20/minute for streaming
In use of some p platforms ((C2 or still)) and with certain sensors
VSAT - Very Small Aperture Terminals
Evolved from FSS Fixed Satellite Services but mobility now added
C, Ku, Ka, X band operation
Requires network provisioning of bandwidth
Very high throughput 100s of Mbps
About 10% of the cost to operate for airtime
Larger antenna size
In use on larger UAS moving to smaller UAS
10 HUGHES PROPRIETARY
TYPICAL VSAT SYSTEMS:
- SCPC
- MF/TDMA
/

11 HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Typical Shared TDMA SATCOM Network
Primary Focus for Hughes Products and Services
Provide Broadband IP via Satellite

Consumer
Corporate
Internet
Intranet

DVB-S2 Broadband
ACM IP Access

Branch Office
Connectivity
INTERNET
or
INTRANET Broadband
IP Access
or
MPLS
or
FRAME RELAY

Broadband
Multimedia
IP Access

Telephony and
Kiosk Service
MPLS Access

HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Why Shared TDMA versus SCPC

The SCPC Way used on many current platforms


Each Remote Gets A
FIXED Pipe Of Bandwidth
256 Kbps
No More and No Less
Transponder Bandwidth

Why SCPC M
Wh May Not
N tBBe Ri
Right;
ht
Not all terminals are active 100% of time but SCPC prevents reuse of capacity
If a terminal needs more bandwidth Not possible

Th HX TDMA W
The Way
Use bigger inbound
Dynamically allocate the
channels
And share the
bandwidth where it is
bandwidth across needed
multiple
lti l remote
t
terminals
Transponder Bandwidth
Why TDMA May Be Better;
Bandwidth can be guaranteed per terminal An TDMA Operator can either
Min CIR always allocated o e its
Lower ts ope
operating
at g cost/price
cost/p ce or
o
If a terminal needs more bandwidth Can Do Provide better service

HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Next Generation Aero Wideband
SATCOM Waveform Attributes
KEY Features:
Forward Link: DVB-S2 TDM / Return Link: MF-
TDMA or SCPC
State of the art coding technology improves
bandwidth efficiency 4x compared to todays UAS
BLOS systems deployed
Operation
p over any
y SHF satcom and US DoD WGS:
Ku, X, Ka
Bi-Directional Adaptive Coding and Modulation
(ACM) - vast improvement over older CDL systems
Star or Star/Mesh Architecture
Gateway/Hub Provides all Network Station and
Control Functions
EoIP: Secure Tactical Video, Data, Voice-over-IP
Multiple
p Q QoS Priority
y Levels - from CBR to Dynamic
y
Bandwidth
Data Rates:
Up to 150 Mbps Ground to Air
20-50 Mbps Air to Ground
SECURITY:
FIPS 140-2 Compliant (Federal Information Processing
Standard Publication 140-2) TRANSEC
HUGHES PROPRIETARY
AIRBORNE BLOS ISR
SATCOM LINKS:

TECHNICAL CHALLENGES

15H00000 9/16/2014 HUGHES PROPRIETARY


Special Consideration for Airborne

Video Compression
Doppler
pp Compensation
p
Certifications and Spreading
Beam and Satellite Switching
Latency issues and double
double hops
hops
Antenna Considerations
Rotary Wing and small UAV applications

Given the 44,000 mile round trip distance and the use of a
satellite for relay the problem becomes more complex than
typical LOS links

HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Required Data Rates and Video
Compression

Just how high a data rate is required for FMV???


Hughes has worked with the various COTS suppliers
Key issue for advancement as satellite BW is limited
Resolution vs. Motion vs. Latency
Motion JPEG at 250 Mbps identical to uncompressed source
HD 4K (Ultra) with latest compression 20 Mbps
HD 1080P at 30 fps requires 8-10 Mbps (H.264/H.265)
HD at 720P at 30 fps looks good at 2-3
2 3 Mbps
SD at 480i at 30 fps looks good at 1 Mbps, great at 2.5 Mbps
Standards desire digital in and out move from RS-170
Sensors are generating more and more data

HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Doppler Compensation Required for Reliable
on-the-move Transmission

Doppler Compensation D

Terminal calculates doppler based on


navigation data inputs
Abrupt Change
Terminal dynamically applies doppler Due to Beam
switch

compensation on transmit carriers


Gateway supports maximum burst to
burst frequency
q y change
g window of +/- / Gradual Change

2.5 KHz Due to


East/West
Motion
Carriers then fall accurately within hub
receive window Time

Actual Transmit Doppler


on East/West Flight

Bursts with Bursts with


High-Speed High-Speed
Doppler Doppler
Bursts Without Doppler

Blockage Recovery
Mobile Hub Receive Window
Terminal will flywheel during
momentary
t outroute
t t lloss b
before
f
Bursts with Bursts with
declaring loss of outroute lock
Terminal requires external 10 MHz clock
Terminal Terminal
Doppler Doppler
Compensation Bursts Without Doppler Compensation

for the transmit chain allowing using of


high stability reference that eliminates
FLL settle period on recovery.
Mobile Hub Receive Window

HUGHES PROPRIETARY
FCC/ITU Issues and Spreading

Smaller antenna illuminate more satellites


Potential adjacent
j satellite interference ((ASI)) issue
FCC/ITU and DoD has worked with industry to set limits
Power spectral density mask
In CDMA systems spreading is inherent
Spread by 32 or 64 takes most of transponder
Can be BW inefficient for smaller number of users
In TDMA systems, spreading is added in order to meet FCC
requirements but minimize transponder use
Spread by 2 to 4
Supports multiple users
Various Forward Error Correction Coding used to improve link
quality
q y or bandwidth efficiency
y
Independent of spreading

HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Adjacent Satellite Interference

Mobile environment Spreading reduces peak


requires small aperture carrier power and
antennas to save weight therefore also reduces ASI
and space HX has carrier spread
Smaller aperture antennas rates from 2 to 8 times
can introduce ASI issues

HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Beam Switching

Mobile terminals need to


switch satellite beams
Low profile antennas
may have skew angle
limitations requiring
switching within
standard
t d d satellite
t llit
regions
Other types of
terminals will need to
switch when
transitioning between
regions
Highly desirable to
maintain TCP
connections across
switches

HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Antenna Considerations

Primary Locations
Fuselage
Tail
Primary Types
Parabolic Dish (12-18)
Low
L Profile,
P fil partial
ti l ESA
HPA
Typical 25 to 40W to close link
Nav Interface
GPS required for pointing
Coverage
g Issues
Polarization skew angle
Issue near equator for 2 axis

HUGHES PROPRIETARY
UAS BLOS COMMS
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS
AREAS

23 HUGHES PROPRIETARY
UAS Satcom BLOS Technology
Development
p Focus Areas

Rotor Wing UAS BLOS links for systems mounted under the
blades
Higher Throughput ISR links for Fixed Wing UAS
Ultrasmall Satcom terminals for small UAS

HUGHES PROPRIETARY
ROTARY WING AIRCRAFT
BLOS SATCOM LINKS
OVERVIEW

25H00000 9/16/2014 HUGHES PROPRIETARY


Hughes Helicopter BLOS Experience

Hughes is developing solutions for Beyond-Line-of-Sight


(BLOS) communications for Airborne platforms
Use an enhanced version of its DVB-S2/MF-TDMA HX System
as the baseline for a specialized satellite waveform to be used
on Fixed and Rotary Wing aircraft
Solution achieves 2-10 Mbps throughput through the rotor
blades using 12-18 Airborne terminal

HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Techniques to Overcome Rotor Blade
Blockage

Conventional Rotor Blade Loss compensation Techniques


To counter blade attenuation,
attenuation increase power by appropriate amount
amount, or
reduce data throughput by a factor of 3-4.
Adversely impact SWAP
Not transmitting through the blade
Requires
R i synchronization
h i ti with
ith the
th bl
blade,
d onlyl possible
ibl for
f return
t link
li k
Requires waveform design that is suitable for short burst transmission and rapid acquisition
Synchronization may be sensitive to the dynamics of the platform movement
Repeated Transmission
Additional bandwidth
Latency jitter

Error Correction Coding Enhancements


Do not require synchronization with the blades
Do not require extra power to overcome the blade loss
Require dedication of some extra bandwidth over the blade blockage to
account for coding overhead

HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Rotary Wing ISR Link Test - Bell 407

HUGHES PROPRIETARY
FIXED WING UAS HIGH
THROUGHPUT BLOS ISR
LINK

29H00000 9/16/2014 HUGHES PROPRIETARY


High Throughput ISR BLOS links
at > 50 Mbps
p
Shared Forward Link to all
UAS on satellite footprint
Full duplex DVB
DVB-S2
S2 LDPC
Coding more than 4 dB
improvement over todays
UAS Satcom links
Up to 121 Mbps return
throughput
Low jitter and latency
Managed network
Full IP Router functionality
Conditional Access / Bi-
di
directional
ti l encryption
ti
All DVB-S2 MODCODS
Supported

HUGHES PROPRIETARY
ULTRASMALL UAS BLOS
LINK WAVEFORM

31H00000 9/16/2014 HUGHES PROPRIETARY


MICROSAT Micro UAS BLOS Comms
Waveform and Terminals
Microsat is extremely versatile, adaptable to
use with wide range of antenna sizes and
satellite resources
Throughputs up to 1.5 Mbps symmetric using
ultrasmall terminals
Excellent alternative to expensive L-Band MSS
systems such as Inmarsat BGAN
The Low-spectral density burst modem utilize a
Hughes unique waveform that includes very
low rate FEC codes
Microsat modem operates significantly below
total noise plus interference floor, and
therefore provides baseline level of
interference immunity

~180mm
Additional Spreading feature designed to
operate with extra small transmit antenna to
meet U.S. and International off-axis emission
densityy regulations
g
Provides BLOS capability to UAS Platforms with
wing spans less than 30 ft. ~310mm

Operates at approx. 10-15% cost of BGAN Sample COTM AntennaHUGHES PROPRIETARY


implementation
Airborne
Ai b N
Networking
t ki as a
Managed
g Service

33 HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Global Satellite Services : > 1 Million
Sites
NORTH AMERICA GAL 28 AMC 3 AMC 9 HISP1C/1D
GAL 17 HOR 2 W3A
GAL 25 AMC 6 Ka-band W2A EUROPE
GAL 3C SPACEWAY 3
GAL 19 EURO 3
GAL 16
TURK 2A
AMC 4
INTEL 1R
SATMEX 6 Ku-band
SATMEX 5
Ka-band
GAL 18 HYL 1

HOR 1
Ka-band
Ku-band HYL 2

JUPITER
Ka-band
HTS
EXT. C-band
NSS-12
Ku-band
Ku band
GAL 28 INSAT 3A
Ka-band
INTEL 9 HTS
INSAT 3A
INTEL 901 NSS-11
INDIA
Potential Hughes Subscribers
650,000 Ka-band
SOUTH AMERICA S C
SPACEWAY 3
HTS
Hylas 1 & 2 1 Million
Jupiter 1.5 2 Million
Latin America/Asia/Other

HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Global Ku-band Aero Network Rollout

HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Ka Satellite Coverage

Ka-Band Satellite Coverage exist in many parts of the world


and is expanding including MIL band
ViaSat and Hughes CONUS (commercial band)
Inmarsat 5 Global Coverage
Jabiru (Newsat) Ka-Band Satellite Program Global Coverage
Yahsat 1 & 2 Middle East and Africa
Hylas 1 & 2 - Europe and Africa
WGS Global Coverage
Extensive Ka Coverage in North America

Ka Satellites have higher


g G/T
/ ((higher
g p
power)) and can achieve
equivalent data rates as Ku with smaller terminal apertures

Most Ka Satellites have regional coverage (lower G/T) and


moveable high power spot beams
HUGHES PROPRIETARY
The Ka/Ku Debate

Advantages of Ka Band
New
New capacity to high demand regions
Range of multi-spot, regional and steerable beams
Flexible payloads to meet evolving customer demands
Less congested than Ku
Ku- and CC-band
band in space also
also
Allows for Higher bandwidths and speeds
Larger transponders
Smaller end-user antennas
More efficient support of high bandwidth applications
Ku enhancements also underway Intelsat EPIC
Ka
a Challenges
C a e ges
More susceptible to rain feed but design into link margin
Commercial and Mil Ka slightly different frequencies
More spot
p beams means more hand-off
WGS coordination
Ideal Case: Ku/Ka/Ka MIL and WGS in seamless network
HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Winning the throughput battle

Bandwidth Drivers
Higher quality FMV sensors and new sensors
More UAS and FMV
Video on demand anywhere, anytime

Required technology Enhancements


Improved satellite modems and network management available
Likely
y factor of 2-4 improvement
p in BW utilization ((or rate or antenna))
Mature Ka band networks 2013-2015
Beam to beam and satellite to satellite seamless handover
Improved
p video compression
p codecs - evolving
g
On board processing
Secure links ISR and C2 in work

38 HUGHES PROPRIETARY
10 Mbps Video thru Rotor Blades

39 HUGHES PROPRIETARY
Contact Information

Rick Lober
VP/GM, Defense and Intelligence Systems Division
Hughes Network Systems
Germantown, MD

Rick Lober@Hughes com


Rick.Lober@Hughes.com

858-774-5705

40 HUGHES PROPRIETARY

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