HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF DISCIPLINE

ENGINEERING INDUSTRY

A.INTRODUCTION
In the future Industrial Engineering will be one and the many professions
that will be taken into account in solving complex problems in the world with this
high level of technology.Designing the plant in the future, constitute a challenge
as well as complex issues that require basic science, engineering sciences, social
sciences, computer and information science, economics and other topics related to
the basic principles of the production system

Industrial Engineering curriculum is designed to prepare students to face

the challenges in the future. Industrial Engineering graduate will be able to design
a modern manufacturing fasililas. In addition, the Industrial Engineering
graduates will also be able to design a health care system, transportation systems,
or industrial systems that provide services in addition to manufacturing products.
The need for graduates in Industrial Engineering is huge and growing every
year. In fact, this time will need a graduate of Industrial Engineering is much
larger than the existing supply. Compared with other engineering disciplines, this
imbalance is greatest in the disciplines of Industrial Engineering.

B. INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF DISCIPLINE ENGINEERING INDUSTRY

Engineering (engineering) and science (science) has been developed in

parallel, complementary, although not always in the same street. Science focuses
on developing basic science, while engineering is focused on the application /
application of knowledge (science) to find solutions for the problems that exist, as
well as efforts to establish "a better life".We often think that the successes, such as
the Pyramids, the Great Wall of China, the Roman buildings, and others as an
example of the success of engineering science in the past. Each example above is
one of the stunning results and the application of science. But often the successes
of other less recognized. The incline, arc, wheels, nails, windmill, display the
efforts of techniques to provide a better life.Discipline modem era Technicality /
Engineering started in 1750, we chose the year 1750 as the beginning of the
modem erafor:
1. The first engineering school located France in the 18th century.
2. The term was first Civil Engineering used a tender in 1750.

The development of the relationship between physics and mathematics to

encourage the growth of the application of the principles of mechanics.
One important development was the invention of the steam engine that has many
uses. Once the machine was found around the year 1700,
in the late 19th century-early was the discovery of electricity and magnetism.

D. PROCESS ENGINEERING (ENGINEERING)

We already know some of the branches and engineering sciences, and we

already have the knowledge of what is done by an engineer / technician. For
example, the mechanical engineering will always strive to develop the design of
automotive engines and electrical engineering will always strive to develop the
design of better television. Is there a characteristic that can distinguish those
techniques with other professionals. If yes, what are its characteristics. Activity-
general aktivifas which is part of the technique are:
1. Those problem-solving techniques, as well as with the math.
2. One technique to analyze, as well as the statistical and economic.
3. Engineer designing the system, if the others as well?

According to Smith that field have four common characteristics, namely:

1.work must correspond to one type of special science.
2. for a profession is training or training for a certain period after obtaining a
formal education.

3. Standard profession, including the code of ethics, it is maintained in the control

system, which owns the wisdom of practitioners respectively.
4. All members of each of these professions know their responsibilities to the
environment, clients and colleagues of the profession.

E. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

Those techniques are often related to decisions that have a very wide
influence in society. The design of a production process often impact on the
environment.
The design and location of the plant affects the environment and society sekitarya.
Design management systems have an enormous impact on individuals who work
in these organizations, comfort, sensitizing them on something, financial status,
and others.An engineer also has the responsibility to always protect the welfare of
the community. They have to think about the costs and factors that affect the
welfare of society, such as the safety factor. A car can be made as safe as possible,
but it will require a fee of 5 billion and weighing close to 15 tonnes. Although one
can afford to buy the car, but there are things that must be considered, such as the
safety of other motorists passing on the same road and fuel consumption for cars
weighing 15 tonnes.

An engineer also frequent controversy between the interests of its clients

with the surrounding community. Companies must be able to produce products
with competitive prices, although the design cost, the resulting product may be
unsafe or unreliable.Engineering profession known to be very loyal to ethical
professionalism. People are now very clever technique and understand the needs
of society.
In this case "The National Society of Professional Engineer" has successfully
established ethical norms of a professional. They do not answer all questions /
controversy there, but they provide a good basics in dealing with various
situations that may occur.

F. HISTORY OF DISCIPLINE ENGINEERING INDUSTRY

1832 Charles Babbage :

 1.publishing his book "On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures"
2. Started the development of a scientific approach to management studies
3.Menakankan importance of the division of labor in the elements of
specialized and their work balance

1881 Frederick W. Taylor :

1.He began his studies on the measurement of working time (time study).
2. Introducing "The Principles of Scientific Management" in the study of
3.procedures and work measurement (1911).
Introduce a system of incentives based on time studies.

1907 Henry L. Gantt :

1.Develop a system of labor remuneration and bonuses.

2. Introducing map Gantt (bar chart) as a planning tool and controller
work.

1909 Frank B. Gilberth :

1. Publish papers of being famous "Bricklaying System" which is the

beginning of a study on labor movement (motion study).

2. Introducing economic principles of motion (motion economy).

3.Together with his wife Lilian Gilberth further incorporating elements of
human behavior in the study of labor / management and publishing
"Applied Motion Study"

1913 Dr. Lilian Gilberth :

1.raised the issue of social and human relations in engineering.

2.She is best known as the first woman and the first ambassador in
engineering and science management received many awards from
professional organizations and governments from around the world.
3.She was the first woman elected to the "National Academy of
Engineering".
The following Disciplines Associated with Industrial Engineering:

1. Operations Research Society of America

2. The Institute for Management Sciences
3. Association for Computing Machinery
4. American Society for Quality Control
5. Society for Decision Sciences
6. American Production and Inventory Control Society
7. Society of American Value Engineers
8. American Association of Cost Engineers
9. Society of Manufacturing Engineers
10. Robot Society of America

F. INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION

The definition of industrial engineering by IIE is as follows:

Industrial Engineering is concerned with the design, improvment, and

installation of integrated systems of people, materials, information, equipment,
and energy. It draws upon specialized knowledge and skill in the mathematical,
physical, and social sciences together with the principles and methods of
engineering analysis and design to specify, predict, and evaluate the results to be
obtained from such systems.

Industrial engineering is a specialized knowledge of the department of

Mechanical Engineering. Industrial Engineering first breakaway was the
Department of Industrial Engineering at Pennsylvania State University and
Syracuse University in 1908 (in the Syracuse program is running for a while, but
then formed again in 1952).Selection of Industrial Engineering in Mechanical
Engineering at Purdue University are in 1911.Keberadaan Industrial Engineering
in the Department of Mechanical Engineering is the dominant pattern is selected
until the end of World War II, the Department of Industrial Engineering began to
be established at colleges and universities in America. Still very little Departments
of Industrial Engineering S1 level until World War II took place. At the time of
Industrial Engineering has begun to separate from Mechanical Engineering,
Industrial Engineering education began to level S2 / master
offered in the majors.

Relationship Between Mechanical & Industrial Systems With Other

Disciplines. PICTURE 1

G. INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF

INDONESIA
 Ability owned Industrial Engineering expertise should be evident in the
ability to perform the design, improvement, and implementation of an integral
system of development faced. The ability not just stop with the ability to arrange
the concept but needs to incorporate the implementation capability. To realize this,
the need for awareness of the nature and philosophy of efforts or activities
undertaken, and the objectives to be achieved, based on the solid foundation of
knowledge, as well as the implementation of intensive training. These things
should color nature Industrial Engineering education provision.
In addition, the mastery of the elements related to the subject of
production such as mechanical and chemical process technology, the means of
technology such as the production machinery as well as the principle means of
controlling electronics, computers and mastery of knowledge modeling and
simulation, needs to be done carefully. Furthermore, the control to identify the
circumstances and problems as well as potential environmental concern intergral
system, which is the local keadaali introduction of a small area, can be developed
through the outpouring of careful attention to the local conditions / region.
Knowledge of the human factor should not simply linked to universal principles,
but it needs to be linked to the cultural background as well as growth.
These elements became the focus of the curriculum content Industrial
engineering education. Charging local curriculum quite freely for each college and
program managers to respond to the needs of the environment. The role of
universities as a resource center for the study area will allow the development of
the college's ability to identify problems, analyze, and formulate realistic steps to
resolve.
In the construction industry and trade, profession of Industrial Engineering
are expected to have a role as follows: help direct the development of the industry
through increasing value-added industrial products. innovation in order to increase
productivity and the development of creativity, develop multi-disciplinary support
to the industry, meninkatkan ability to use and control for a device technology,
plan operations and take advantage of information technology development,
improve the ability to apply the basic parameters into the design.