ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERING
FUNDAMENTALS

Page 10
 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS

AIMS OF THE MODULE:

The intention of this module has been to give students knowledge of basic concepts
of the subject and to lay a solid foundation such that the future improvements can be
done on it. Apart from that practice the students to relate the principles in relevant
applications.

SPECIAL NOTES

Use SI units wherever possible.

Unit Title Time (h)

A. GENERAL PIRNCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY 06

B. MAGNETISM 18

C. ELECTROSTATIC FIELDS 16

D. ALTERNATING VOLTAGE & CURRENT 18

E. SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES 08

F. TRANSISTORS 06

72

TOTAL MODULE TIME

Lecture/Tutorial - 72 hours
Practical/Demonstration/Industrial visit - hours
Self study - 28 hours
National Hours - 100 hours -

Page 10
 MODULE CONTENT

Note:

All the objectives should be understood to be prefixed by the words.

"The expected learning outcome is that the student".

A. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY (06 Hours)

1. Develops an understanding on the units & basic electrical principles.

1.2 Distinguishes the difference between basic units & derived units.

1.3 States multiples & submultiples of units, for eg: Amperes: A, mA & kA
Capacitance: F, F.
1.4 States Ohms law, .Toules law & kirchoffs law.

1.5 States units of resistance & conductance.

1.6 Finds the equivalent resistance of simple series & parallel resistive
circuits.

1.7 Performs calculations for simple de circuits using above laws in 1.4 &

1.8 Compares electrical & mechanical properties of conductors.

1.9 Defines specific resistance conductivity & temperature coefficient of

conductors.

1.10 Compares these properties of different conductors.

1.11 Identifies special electrical & mechanical properties of insulators.

1.12 Identities the breakdown of insulators & effect of moisture on breakdown.

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B. MAGNETISM (18 Hours)
2. Develops and understanding on the principles of magnetism & its
applications.

2.1 Identifies types of magnetic material.

2.2 Identifies the permanent & electromagnets.

2.3 States differences between them.

2.4 Identifies magnetic field, magnetic flux density & units of flux & flux
density.

2.5 Identifies magneto motive force, magnetic field strength & their units.

2.6 Identifies permeability reluctance & the units.

2.7 Explains the basis of electromagnetic induction & ways of inducing

e.m.f. in a coil.
eg; By self induction, mutual induction & ways of inducing conductor in a
magnetic field.

2.8 States the laws of electromagnetic induction,

(a) Faradays law
(b) Lentz's law.

2.9 Interprets Lentz's law for a coil.

2.10 States Fleming's right hand & left hand rules.

2.11 Finds the direction of force of a current carrying conductor under a magnetic
field.

2.12 Finds the direction of current of a conductor moving in a magnetic

field.

2.13 Explains the magnetization curve for Ferro magnetic materials & the hysterics
loop.

2.14 Compares magnetic circuit with a simple electrical circuit.

2.15 Performs calculations for simple series & parallel magnetic circuits.

C. ELECTROSTATIC FIELDS (16 Hours)

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3. Develops an understanding on the basic principles of electrostatics and
applications.

3.1 Explains the constitution of matter.

3.2 Identities the forces between charged bodies.

eg: Two glass rods rubbed on silk repel, ebonite rod rubbed on
wooden cloth & above silk attracts.

3.3 Explains electric field & electric field strength using a parallel plate
capacitor.

3.4 Explains electrical flux & flux density with units.

3.5 Explains the terms permittivity of dielectric material & units.

3.6 Compares relative permittivity values of famous dialectic material.

eg; air, paper etc.

3.7 Obtains an expression for capacitance of parallel plate capacitor using

permitivity of dielectric material & the dimensions of capacitor.

3.8 States the expression for the energy stored in capacitor in terms of capacitance
& voltage drop.

3.9 Obtains equivalent capacitance for capacitors connected in series &

parallel.

3.10 Performs calculation related to 1.9.

3.11 Applications of capacitors in various fields.

eg; in electronics, in power systems & induction motors etc.

D. ALTERNATING VOLTAGE & CURRENT (18 Hours)

4. Knows the concept of alternating quantities.

4.1 Identifies alternating waveform giving sketches.

4.2 Defines the following terms of a periodic waveform,

(a) Amplitude
(b) Frequency
(c) Periodic time

4.3 Describes the meaning of bellow quantities of a periodic wave form,

(a) Instantaneous
(b) Peak-to-peak
(c) r.m.s.
(d) Average

4.4 Determines the approximate average & r.m.s. values of given

sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal wave forms.

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 4.5 Writes the relationship of r.m.s. & average value of a conductor using the
form factor.

4.6 Calculates the form factors of various waveforms.

5. Representations of sinusoidal quantities using phasors.

5.1 Defines a phasor.

5.2 Determines the resultant of the addition of two sinusoidal voltages by

graphical & phasor representation.

5.3 Explains leading, lagging waveforms & the phase angle between them.

6. Understands the behavior of simple series A.C. circuits.

6.1 States that in purely resistive circuit I is in phase with V, that in purely
inductive circuit I lag V by 90 & I lead V by 90 in a purely capacitive circuit.

6.2 Draws the pasor diagrams of voltage & current waveforms relating to above
6.1.

6.3 Describes inductive reactance & capacitive reactance as current limiting

components in RLC circuits.

6.4 States inductive reactance as XL = V L / V L = 21ttL = L.

6.5 States capacitive reactance as Xc = V c / lc = 1/2fC = 1 C.

6.6 Applies above equations to solve simple problems.
6.7 Draws pahsor diagrams corresponding to L - R & C - R series circuits.

6.8 Defines impedance of the circuit Z = V / 1.

6.9 Determines impedance triangle derived from phasor diagram in 3.7.

6.10 Shows that:

(a) Z 2 = E 2 + X2
(b) tan + X/R
(c) Sin = X/R
(d) cos = R/Z
6.11 Applies the above-mentioned equations to solve problems of series L - R & C
- R circuits.
6.12 States that power dissipation is l2 R.

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 6.13 Identifies following for above circuits when applied a sinusoidal
voltage.
(a) Active power (P) = VI cos watts
(b) Reactive power (Q) = VI sin reactive volt amperes
(c) Apparent power (S) = VI volt amperes.

6.14 Obtains the power triangle from phasor diagram.

6.15 Defines power factor as active power / apparent power and show that where V
& I are sinusoidal, power factor = cos 8.

6.16 Applies above equations in 3.12 to calculate power in L-R, C-R & L-R-C
series circuits.

6.17 Explains that power dissipation in series L-R and C-R AC circuit is
12R.

6.18 Uses phasor diagrams to solve problems related to simple series L-R, C-R and
L-C-R circuits.

6.19 Defines resonance occurring in series LRC circuit when the supply frequency
is same as natural oscillation frequency of the circuit.

6.20 Sketches a phasor diagram showing thatVj, = Vc in series resonance.

6.21 Shows that VL & Vc may be m~ny times as supply V.

6.22 Shows that the inductive reactance and captive reactance cancel off at
resonance.

E. SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES (08 Hours)

7. Identifies the principle of operation of the diodes.

7.1 States the order of resistivities of conductors insulators & semiconductors.

7.2 Sketches the variation of resistivities of conductors insulators &

semiconductors with temperature.

7.3 Identities the most popular semiconductors.

Eg: silicon & germanium

7.4 Compares the atomic structure of conductors & semiconductors.

7.5 Explains now conduction takers place in conductors.

7.6 States the reasons for no conduction in semiconductors at room
temperature.

7.7 States the reasons for start conduction in semiconductors when heated.
7.8 Explains the term doping.
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 7.9 Explains how n-type & p-type materials are obtained by doping.
7.10 States the names of impurities used for doping.

7.11 Explains the terms, diffusion and depletion layer.

7.12 Explains how the p-n junctions behave when forward biased & reverse biased.

7.13 Draws the circuit symbol for p-n junction diode indicating the conventional
current flow.

7.14 Explains methods of half & full wave rectification using simple circuit
diagrams.

F. TRANSISTORS (06 Hours)

8. Identifies the principles of operation of transistors.

8.1 Sketches the physical construction of a transistor.

8.2 Identifies the two types npn & pnp according to the arrangement of
semiconductor layers.

8.3 Draws the symbols & diode equivalent diagram npn & pnp transistor.

8.4 Identifies how the voltages are connected to forward basic the pn junction
between base & emitter and reverse bias the pn junction between base &
collector.

8.5 Explains the describe the transistor action for npn & pnp arrangements.

8.6 Directions of current now in each case above.

8.7 Describes common base, common emitter, common collector and

configurations using circuit diagram.

8.8 Explains the need to bias the transistor before applying an AC signal.

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 ASSIGNMENTS/PRACTICAL/DEMONSTRATIONS/SITE VISITS

NCT (ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING) 1STYEAR

SUBJECT MODULE 5: Electrical Engineering Fundamentals (EE1-05)

Assignment Assignment OR Minimum Assessment Assessment Assessment

(A) / Practical details no of hours introduction end weighting
Practical (P) allocated to
No complete Continuous Year-
the tasks assessments end
exam
EE1: 05 A1 Theory based 18 hrs self- During the 1st At the end of 25% 60%
written assignment study week and 3rd the 2nd term
which covers the week of the
main topics of the training
Electrical Program me
Engineering
Fundamentals
module sections A,
B, C, D
(suitable
assignment tasks
should be decided
by the lecturer
according to the
above
requirements)
EE1: 05 A2 Theory based 10 hrs self- To be decided Before end 15%
written assignment study by the of October
which covers the lecturer.
main topics of the
Electrical
Engineering
Fundamentals
module sections E,
F (suitable
assignment tasks
should be decided
by the lecturer
according to the
above
requirements)

Page 10
 ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
TECHNOLOGY -
DOMESTIC

Page 10
 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION TECHNOLOGY - DOMESTIC

AIMS OF THE MODULE:

1. Understand the application of electrical accessories, switchgears

and cables in domestic electrical writing systems.

2. Apply the knowledge of theoretical concepts and applications of

electrical installation technology in practical situations related to the
electrical installation practice.

3. Practice the students as supervisors, Forman and Technical

officers or other relative grades, how to manage and supervise a domestic
Electrical Installation and practice them for new designs of installation,
commissioning and maintenance of systems in domestic Electrical
installation with IEE wiring regulations.

SPECIAL NOTES

Library assignments with significant lecture support could be the most appropriate
methods for achieving the given objectives.

Unit Title Time (h)

A. ELECTRICAL ACCESSORIES AND LAMPS 14

B. INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL POWER 08
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

C. ELECTRIC CABLES & SELECTION 10

D. OVER CURRENT PROTECTION PROTECTIVE 12
DEVICES

E. EARTHLING AND PROTECTION 14

F. ELECTRIC WIRING SYSTEMS DOMESTIC 14
72
TOTAL MODULE TIME

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 Lecture/Tutorial - 72 hours
Practical/Demonstration/Industrial visit - 15hours
Self study - 13 hours
National Hours - 100 hours

MODULE CONTENT
Note :
All the objectives should be understood prefixed by the words.
"The expected learning outcome is that the student".

A. Electrical accessories and lamps (14 Hours)

1. Understands the principles applications of various electrical accessories and
lamps used in electrical installations.
1.1 Identifies the electrical accessories used for domestic electrical
installations.
1.2 Draws standard symbols of commonly used electrical accessories in
domestic installations .
1.3 Describes the difference between ordinary socket outlet and the shaver
socket outlet.
1.4 States that electrical accessories manufactured to comply with BS, lEe and
SLSI are recommended for use in electrical installations in Sri Lanka.

1.5 Names the parts of a filament lamp.

1.6 States why filament lamp is filled with an inert gas.

1.7 Describes the reasons for forming the filament as coil/coiled coil pattern.

1.8 States the typical lumen / watt rating of a filament lamp.

1.9 Describes the principle of construction of the tungsten halogen lamp.

1.10 States the typical lumen / watt rating of a tungsten halogen lamp.

1.11 Explains the principle of discharge lighting

1.12 Describes the principle of operation of the fluorescent lamp, with the aid
of a circuit design.

1.13 Explains the purpose of power factor capacitor.

1.14 Explains what is meant by the stroboscopic effect with referred to

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 fluorescent lamps.
1.15 Explains two methods in eliminating the stroboscopic effect with
fluorescent lamps.
1.16 Draws a block diagram of an electronic ballast.
1.17 Discusses the advantages and disadvantages when a fluorescent lamp is
operated with an electromagnetic ballast and with an electronic ballast.

1.18 States that the compact fluorescent lamp is incorporated with an electronic
ballast.

1.19 Compares the compact fluorescent lamp with a tungsten filament lamp.

1.20 Defines the following terms,

(a) Luminous intensity
(b) Luminous flux
(c) Candela
(d) Efficiency of a lamp.

1.21 Interprets tables to obtain illumination levels required for different

purposes.

B. INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION

SYSTEM (08 Hours)
2. Understands basic concepts of electrical power distribution systems.

2.1 States three methods of generation of electricity for public utility in Sri Lanka

2.2 Draws a layout diagram to illustrate the transmission and distribution

of generated electricity in Sri Lanka

2.3 States that the generated voltage / current follow a sinusoidal

waveform.

2.4 Explains why high-tension voltages are used to transmit electrical

power.

1.5 States that the frequency of the A.C. supply in Sri Lanka is 50 hertz.

1.6 States that the frequency to be maintained within 1 % tolerance according

to lEE regulations.
1.7 Draws a diagram to illustrate the three phase four wire L.T.
distribution system' in Sri Lanka
1.8 Defines the T.T. system of L.T. distribution. States the phase and live
voltages
1.9 Declared for the L.T. distribution in Sri Lanka

1.10 States the advantages of the three-phase supply.

1.11 States that delta / star connections are used in primary and secondary
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 windings respectively in a substation transformer.

2.12 Explains the reasons for ear thing the center terminal of a 3 phase, 4
wire system in a T.T. system of L .T. distribution.

2.13 Describes why the centre terminal of a 3 phase, 4 wire, system is called
"Neutral" and any phase wire is called "Live".

2.14 States that the domestic power supply is derived from the 3 phase 4
wire system

2.15 States the I.E.E. regulations applicable to the consumers' terminal

voltage.

2.16 Explains the reasons for voltage drop in distribution lines.

2.17 States that voltage levels 100v, 110v, 117v, 220v, 230v; and 240v,
at 60Hz or 50Hz are used for domestic supply in various countries of
the world .

C. ELECTRIC CABLES & SELECTION (10 Hours)

3. Understands the use of electrical cables in electrical installation work.

3.1 Defines the term cable.

3.2 Defines the following terms with respect to a cable,

(a) Conductor
(b) Insulation
(c) Sheath.

3.3 Describes the difference between a solid conductor and stranded

conductor.

3.4 Compares copper conductors with aluminum conductors with respect to the
followings,
(a) Resistivity
(b) Melting point
(c) Tensile strength
(d) Hardness.

3.5 States that polyvinyl chloride is used as the insulation and sheathing
material for commonly used electric cables.

3.4 Draws cross sectional diagram of a multi core cable with solid / stranded conductors.

3.7 States the standard colors used, for the following single and multi core
Pv'C cables manufactured according to BS and SLS standards,
(a) Flexible cables
(b) Non-flexible cables.

3.8 Describes what is meant by the current carrying capacity of a cable.

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 3.9 States the factors, which determines the current currying capacity of a cable.

3.10 Explains the effects of over loading a cable.

3.11 Explains the need for over current protection.

3.12 States the co-ordination between the nominal current rating of on over current
protective device and the current carrying capacity of a cable.

3.13 States the coordination between the design current of a circuit and the
nominal current rating of an over current protective device.

3.14 Describes what is meant by the volt drop in cable.

3.15 Interprets cable data from IEE tables and manufacturers data sheets.

3.16 Calculates the volt drop in a given cable according to given data.
3.17 States the IEE regulation applicable to the volt drop in an electrical
installation.

3.18 States the lEE regulation with respect tv the parallel connection of cables.

3.19 States the fundamental requirements with regard to cable joints.

3.20 Explains with the aid of diagram the method of making the following cable
joints.
(a) Straight joint
(b) Tee joint
(c) Married joints.

3.21 States the applications of the joints mentioned in objective No. 20.

3.22 Sketches a cable lug.

3.23 Describes the method used in crimping a cable lug to a cable end.

3.24 States the sizes of cable lugs available.

D. OVER CURRENT PROTECTION AND PROTECTIVEDEVICES (12

Hours)
4. Understands the principles and applications over current protective device
used in electrical installations.

4.1 Defines an over current.

4.2 Explains the effects of over loading a cable.
4.3 Describes what is meant by an over current in a circuit.
4.4 Defines the following over current conditions,
(c) Over load current
(d) Short circuit current.

4.5 Explains the effects of over loading a circuit.

,
4.6 Explains the effects of short circuit current in a circuit.
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 4.7 Describes what is meant by energy let through.

4.8 Explains how a short circuit current develops in a circuit.

4.9 States that following devices are used over current protective devices,
(a) Rewritable fuse
(b) H.R.C. / H.B.C. fuse
(c) Miniature circuit breaker.
(d) Modulded case circuit breaker.

4.10 Describes what is meant by the nominal current rating with respect to the
O.C. devices mentioned in objective No 4.9.

4.11 Describe the principle of operation of fuse element of a rewritable fuse.

4.12 States the materials used in construction of a fuse element in a rewritable

fuse.

4.13 Names the main parts of a rewritable fuse.

4.14 States the function of each pass mentioned in objective no.

4.15 Explains the principle of construction of a rewritable fuse.

4.16 Draws typical characteristic curve for a rewritable fuse.

4.17 Describes the principle of construction of H.R.C'/ H.B.C. fuse.

4.18 Draws a typical characteristics curve for a H.R.C. fuse.

4.19 Discusses the advantages and disadvantages of H.R.C. fuse when comp
arid with the rewritable fuse.

4.20 Describes the application of following types of cartridge fuses used in

electrical systems,
(a) H.R.C. / H.B.C. fuse
(b) Slow blow fuse
(c) Quick blow fuse
(d) Semiconductor fuse.

4.21 States that H.R.C. / H.B.C. fuses are classified according to the nature
loads.

4.22 Describes what is meant by the breaking capacity of a cartridge fuse.

4.23 Describes the principle of operation of the miniature circuit breaker (MCB).

4.24 States that two types of operating systems as the rmaland magnetic are
incorporated in MCBS.

4.25 Lists seven special features of a MCB when composed with rewritable fuse.

4.26 States that MCBs are available in four types to be selected according to
The nature of loads.

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 4.27 Compares MCB with a rewritable fuse with respect to characteristics and
safety.

4.28 Describes what is meant by the breaking capacity of a MCB.

E. EARTHING AND PROTECTION (14 Hours)

5. Understands the need for earthling and application of earth lead age protective
devices.

5.1 Defines direct contact and indirect contact.

5.2 Describes the effect of electric current flow through human body.

5.3 States the factors, which determine the magnitude of current

flow through a human body.

5.4 Defines separated extra low voltage (SEL V) source

.
5.5 States the sources of separated extra low voltage.

5.6 Explains the importance of earthling the centre point of 3-phase star connected
alternating current source.
5.7 Explains how a person is exposed to an electric shock when the live
wire of a 3- phase system is touched.

5.8 Explains the working principle of Neon Tester when it is used to identify the
live wire of a 3-phase system.

5.9 Explains the risk of using an electrical appliance having exposed metal parts,
without the earth connection.

5.10 Defines earthling.

5.11 Explains the importance of earthling of exposed metal parts of electrical

equipment when used on mains- supply.

5.12 Describes the use of an Isolation Transformer to minimize the risk of electric
shock.

5.13 Explains the need of a residual Current Circuit Breaker in an electrical

installation in Sri Lanka.

5.14 Explains the principle of operation of the residual current circuit

breaker RCCB.

5.15 Describes what is meant by the sensitivity and rated current of a RCCB.

5.16 States that RCCB laving a sensitivity of 30m A, is recommended for

domestic installations in Sir Lanka.

5.17 States the types of earth electrodes used in earthling.

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 5.18 Define the term resistance of an earth electrode.

5.19 States the factors, which determines the resistance of an earth electrode.

5.20 Explains the importance of equipotential bonding as applied to

electrical installations.

5.21 Describes what is meant by extraneous conductive parts.

5.22 Describes the protective measures applied for the protection against direct
contact protection against indirect contact.

F. ELECTRIC WIRING SYSTEMS DOMESTIC (14 Hours)

6. Understands the methods techniques and standards applied to domestic

electrical installation works.

6.1 Describes the looping-in method of wiring used in electrical installation

systems in Sri Lanka.

6.2 Defines final sub circuit.

6.3 Draws a schematic diagram of a typical final sun circuit.

'.
6.4 Develops a wiring diagram for a given schematic diagram of a final sub
circuit.

6.5 States that the electrical installation work in Sri Lanka to be carried out according to
followings,
(a) lEE regulations.
(b) Sri Lanka Draft standards
(c) Supply authorities requirements.
6.6 States that the minimum size of cable permitted to use in final sub circuits is 1.Omm2

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 6.7 States the lEE regulations relevant to the followings,
(a) Minimum size of cable permitted to use in final sub circuits
(b) Installation of single pole switches
(c) Socket outlets and Edison screw lamps
(d) Electrical fittings in bathrooms.
6.8 Defines the,
(a) Ring circuit
(b) Radial circuit.

6.9 States lEE regulations relevant to the installation ofring circuits and radial
circuits.

6.10 Defines the following terms relevant to electrical installations,

(a) Isolation
(b) Switching.

6.11 Describes the arrangement of the followings,

(a) Distribution Board
(b) Consumer unit.

6.12 Prepares a single line layout diagram to illustrate the distribution of final sub circuit
from the,

(a) Distribution Board

(b) Consumer unit.

6.13 States that a 30mA RCCB should be installed in a domestic installations.

6.14 Prepares a complete single line layout diagram to illustrate the arrangement of a
domestic installation from KWh meter up to final sub circuit.

6.15 Explains the principle of following cable laying methods used in domestic
installations,
(a) Clipped direct to surface method
(b) PYC conduits method.
6.16 States the standard sizes of PVC conduits used in electrical installation.

6.17 Lists the types of PVC conduit accessories used in electrical installation
work.
6.18 Explains the principle of operation of the trembler type AC electric bell.

6.19 Draws a schematic diagram to illustrate the installation method of electric bell
with a low voltage transformer.
6.20 Explains the recommended methods of carrying out the following tests in an
electrical installation,
(a) Insulation test between live and neutral
(b) Insulation resistance between lives neutral and earth
(c) Polarity tests
(d) Test for Ring circuits
(e) Testing of circuit protective conductor
(f) Testing of Earth Electrode Resistance
(g) Testing the operation of RCCB
 NCT (ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING) 1STYEAR

SUBJECT MODULE 6: Electrical Installation Technology - Domestic. (EE1: 06)

DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING Page

 the tasks
EE1: 06 Theory based written 08 Hours During the 1st Before End
A1 assignment which covers self-study. week and 3rd of the 10% 60%
under the topics of A, B, week of the October.
C, D, E & F of the training
syllabus Program me.
(suitable assignment
tasks should be decided
by the lecturer
according to the above
requirements)

EE1: 06 Demonstration* or 05 Hours During the 1st Before end 15%

A2 Industrial visit or both (site visit) week and of the 2nd
related Engineering fields + 3rdweek of the term.
(cable product and 2nd term.
/earthling / protection 05 Hours
systems). (self-
studies)
Assess the student
knowledge related to
demonstration or
industrial visit through a
written report
submission.

EE1: 06 Workshop based practical 10 Hours During the 1st Before the 15%
P1 should be covered from practical week and end of
the topics of D,E,F under 3rdweek of the October.
supervisio 2nd term.
Sub topics of n.
(a) MCB and circuit
distribution.
(b) Single phase wiring.
(c) 3 phase wiring.
(d) Earthling &
protection.

*Note: For facilitating of demonstration or industrial visits, relevant COTs or Tech colleges should be
obtained services from the outside industries. Ex: production companies of Electrical cable products/
Electrical / protection equipment etc.

DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING Page

DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING Page