LTE TDD Performance Simulations

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Now lets have a look on the single user throughput with TxDiversity, 3GPP defines
TxDiversity as Transmission mode 2. Tx diversity is the default transmission mode of
Packet data shared channel. During the test, the transmission mode was forced to
TxDiversity, so it can not automatically changed to MIMO mode.
We have 2 figures for average throughput with Tx diversity, one is for TCP and the other
is for UDP. For each scenario, we have unloaded test and 70% loaded test. The purple
columns are the result for unload test and the yellow for loaded test.

The results shows no much performance deviation between FTP and UDP.
Comparing with the theoretical throughput we discussed in previous slides, we can see
the throughput in High SINR location can reach 40Mbps, almost half of the theoretical
peak value. It should be Ok since 82Mbps theoretical peak value can only be achieved
by 2*2 MIMO mode with MCS28.
Meanwhile, we can find at the cell edge, for loaded network, the throughput is much
lower than that of the unloaded network. It is obviously that the heavy inter-cell
interference degrades the cell edge performance much.

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LTE Spatial Multiplexing may operate in two different modes: open loop spatial
multiplexing (open loop MIMO) or closed loop spatial multiplexing (closed loop MIMO).
The difference between both modes is that in the case of closed loop MIMO there is
more feedback (pre-coding matrix index+CQI+RI) from the UE than in the case of open
loop MIMO (CQI/RI).
The MIMO Mode Control Functionality, part of RRM, is provided by the eNodeB. It
works only in downlink (uplink is not affected) and it switches between single antenna
modes, Tx diversity mode and MIMO mode. For the trial test, we forced the
transmission mode for OL MIMO for test.

The results shows very significant difference on throughput for unloaded and loaded
networks, especially at the cell edge. For the loaded network, the throughput at the cell
edge is much much lower, even lower than that of the Txdiversity mode. Since we force
the TM to OL MIMO, so at the cell edge, although the SINR is bad, but eNodeB still
works in MIMO mode with very low modulation and coding scheme, which obviously
results in low thoughput. But for the TxDiversity mode, we have 3 dB gain at the cell
edge, then much higher modulation and coding scheme can be used, which results in
higher throughput. So thats the reason why we can have better performance at the cell
edge with TxDiversity rather than MIMO mode.
And also, from the test result, we can see the MIMO mode can only have throughput
gain with good SINR, it has low efficiency at the cell edge in loaded networks. Its
consistent with Link level simulations.

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As it was said before, closed loop MIMO has more feedback (pre-coding matrix
index+CQI+RI) from the UE than in the case of open loop MIMO (CQI/RI).
According to the test result, we can see for the unloaded network, there is almost no
difference on throughput performance. But for the loaded network, the CL MIMO can
have advantage on throughput at bad SINR location.

We didnt test the transmission mode 7 (single stream Beamforming mode) since its
not supported in version RL05TD. It is the feature of RL15TD.

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For the UL transmission, only single antenna transmission is supported by UE according

to LTE specification. And More UL MIMO modes will be realized in LTE-advance later.
So for the UL, only the SIMO mode was tested.
The graphs below show results for UL SIMO transmission, TCP and UDP traffic
respectively, under Loaded (100% UL interference) and Unloaded conditions.
At near points, the SINR is very good, the UE can reach the peak throughput about
15Mbps, and very close to the theoretical peak values. But the throughput at the cell
edge is extremely low, this is because there are some problems on the slow UL power
control algorithms with the software version RL05TD at that time.
But anyway we can know the UL interference have great impact on the performance at
cell edge. Power control is a mean to improve the cell edge behaviour (improve bit rates
and have reliable control plane operation), to reduce inter-cell interference and to
reduce the UE power consumption. In the LTE UL, the performance of the system
heavily depends on the power control scheme.

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Urban Macro:
VoIP Data Control
CellRange UL DL UL(64) DL(1024) PDCCH
FDD 643 680 697 700
TDD 527 680 618 724
TDD(BF) 707 812 829 864

Coverage Max. Data rate MCS Index PRB #

PRACH: 660m
PDSCH 8x2 661 8.7Mbps 9 100
2x2 668 5.6Mbps 6 100
PUSCH 1x8 638 200kbps 5 6
1x2 636 48kbps 4 2

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note - MIMO 4x4, theoretical or not implemented

(UE implementation is with 2 Rx antennas)

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