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PreparationofpHbuffersolutions

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PhosphateandAcetatebuffers
Thedifferentnamesforphosphatesalts.StandardizationbufferspH4andpH7.Phrangeof
somebuffersystems.Makingupbuffersolutionsbyaddinganadjustersolution(acidorbase)to
aknownvolumeandconcentrationofaprimarysaltsolution.Potassiumhydrogenphosphate,
potassiumdihydrogenphosphate,disodiumhydrogenphosphate,potassiumhydrogenphthalate,
sodiumacetate,sodiumtetraborate,trisaminomethane.
Relatedlink:
AnalysisBuffers
ForEDTAtitrations
ForFluoride(TISAB)
ForDeterminationofFe.
Onthispage:Clickthelinksbelowtojumptotherelevantinfo:
ThepreparationofpHbuffersolutions
acetatebuffers
phosphatebuffers
solidmixturebuffers

Phosphates
Phosphatesaltsareknownbyseveralnamesandthecorrectphosphatemustbeusedtopreparebuffer
solutions.
Onephosphatecannotbesubstitutedforanotherphosphate.Checkformulaofsalttobecertain.

Formula Nameofsalt Othernames
potassiumdihydrogenorthophosphate
monobasicpotassiumphosphate
potassiumdihydrogen
KH2PO4 monopotassiumphosphate
phosphate
acidpotassiumphosphate
potassiumbiphosphate
dipotassiumhydrogenorthophosphate
K2HPO4 potassiumhydrogen dipotassiumhydrogenphosphate
phosphate dibasicpotassiumphosphate
dipotassiumphosphate

K3PO4 tribasicpotassiumphosphate
potassiumphosphate
tripotassiumphosphate

Standardizationbuffers
ForpH=7.00:
Add29.1mlof0.1molarNaOHto50ml0.1molarpotassiumdihydrogenphosphate.

Alternatively:
Dissolve1.20gofsodiumdihydrogenphosphateand0.885gofdisidiumhydrogenphosphatein1liter
volumedistilledwater.

ForpH=4.00:
Add0.1mlof0.1molarNaOHto50mlof0.1molarpotassiumhydrogenphthalate.

Alternatively:

Dissolve8.954gofdisodiumhydrogenphosphste.12H 2Oand3.4023gofpotassiumdihydrogenphosphate
in1litervolumedistilledwater.

Rangeofcommonbuffersystems


UsefulbufferingpHrange@
Bufferingsystem
25C

Hydrochloricacid/Potassiumchloride 1.02.2
Glycine/Hydrochloricacid 2.23.6
Potassiumhydrogenphthalate/Hydrochloricacid 2.24.0
Citricacid/Sodiumcitrate 3.06.2
Sodiumacetate/Aceticacid 3.75.6
Potassiumhydrogenphtaalate/Sodiumhydroxide 4.15.9
Disodiumhydrogenphthalate/Sodiumdihydrogen
5.88.0
orthophospate
Dipotassiumhydrogenphthalate/Potassiumdihydrogen
5.88.0
orthophospate
Potassiumdihydrogenorthophosphate/sodiumhydroxide 5.88.00
Barbitonesodium/Hydrochloricacid 6.89.6
Tris(hydroxylmethyl)aminomethane/Hydrochloricacid 7.09.00
Sodiumtetraborate/Hydrochloricacid 8.19.2
Glycine/Sodiumhydroxide 8.610.6
Sodiumcarbonate/Sodiumhydrogencarbonate 9.210.8
Sodiumtetraborate/Sodiumhydroxide 9.310.7
Sodiumbicarbonate/Sodiumhydroxide 9.6011.0
Sodiumhydrogenorthophosphate/Sodiumhydroxide 11.011.9
Potassiumchloride/Sodiumhydroxide 12.013.0

PreparingaBufferSolution
Thispagegivestabulatedinfoonthepreparationofbuffersbymixingadjusters
withaknownvolumeoftheprimarysaltsolution,andmadeupto200mlwithdistilledwater.

BUFFERS1.009.00

BufferA: BufferB: BufferC: BufferD: BufferE:
pH1.02.2 pH2.24.00 pH4.105.90 pH5.88.00 pH7.09.00
50ml0.2M 100ml0.1M 100ml0.1M .100ml0.1M 100ml0.1Mtris
KCl+mlsof potassiumhydrogen potassiumhydrogen KH2PO4+mls (hydroxymethyl)
0.2MHCl phthalate+mlsof phthalate+mlsof of0.1M aminomethane+
0.1MHCl. 0.1MNaOH NaOH. mlsof0.1MHCl.
pH mlsof pH mlsof0.1M pH mlsof0.1M pH mlsof pH mlsof0.1M
0.2M HCladded NaOHadded 0.1M HCladded
 HCl NaOH
added added
1.00 134.0 2.20 99.0 4.10 2.6 5.80 7.2 7.00 93.2
1.10 105.6 2.30 91.6 4.20 6.0 5.90 9.2 7.10 91.4
1.20 85.0 2.40 84.4 4.30 9.4 6.00 11.2 7.20 89.4
1.30 67.2 2.50 77.6 4.40 13.2 6.10 13.6 7.30 86.8
1.40 53.2 2.60 70.8 4.50 17.4 6.20 16.2 7.40 84.0
1.50 41.4 2.70 64.2 4.60 22.2 6.30 19.4 7.50 80.6
1.60 32.4 2.80 57.8 4.70 27.2 6.40 23.2 7.60 77.0
1.70 26.0 2.90 51.4 4.80 33.0 6.50 27.8 7.70 73.2
1.80 20.4 3.00 44.6 4.90 38.8 6.60 32.8 7.80 69.0
1.90 16.2 3.10 37.6 5.00 45.2 6.70 38.6 7.90 64.0
2.00 13.0 3.20 31.4 5.10 51.0 6.80 44.8 8.00 58.4
2.10 10.2 3.30 25.8 5.20 57.6 6.90 51.8 8.l0 52.4
2.20 7.8 3.40 20.8 5.30 63.2 7.00 58.2 8.20 45.8
3.50 16.4 5.40 68.2 7.10 64.2 8.30 39.8
3.60 12.6 5.50 73.2 7.20 69.4 8.40 34.4
3.70 9.0 5.60 77.6 7.30 74.0 8.50 29.4
3.80 5.8 5.70 81.2 7.40 78.2 8.60 24.4
3.90 2.8 5.80 84.6 7.50 82.2 8.70 20.6
4.00 0.2 5.90 87.4 7.60 85.6 8.80 17.0
7.70 88.4 8.90 14.0
7.80 90.6 9.00 11.4
7.90 92.2
8.00 93.4

BUFFERS0813

BufferF:pH8.0 BufferG: BufferH: BufferI: BufferJ:
9.10 pH9.210.80 pH9.6011.00 pH10.90 pH12.00
12.00 13.00
100mL0.025M 100mL0.025M 100mL0.05M 100mL0.05M 50mL0.2M
Na2B4O7.10H2O Na2B4O7.10H2O NaHCO3+mls Na2HPO4+ KCl+volume
(borax)+mlsof0.1 (borax)+mlsof0.1M of0.1MNaOH. mlsof0.1M indicated(in
MHCl. NaOH. NaOH. mL)0.2M
NaOH.
pH mlsof0.1M pH mlsof0.1M pH mlsof pH mlsof pH mlsof
HCladded NaOHadded 0.1M 0.1M 0.2M
NaOH NaOH NaOH
added added added
8.00 41.0 9.20 1.8 9.60 10.0 10.90 6.6 12.00 12.0
8.10 39.4 9.30 7.2 9.70 12.4 11.00 8.2 12.10 16.0
8.20 37.6 9.40 12.4 9.80 15.2 11.10 10.2 12.20 20.4
8.30 35.4 9.50 17.6 9.90 18.2 11.20 12.6 12.30 25.6
8.40 33.2 9.60 22.2 10.00 21.4 11.30 15.2 12.40 32.4
8.50 30.4 9.70 26.2 10.10 24.4 11.40 18.2 12.50 40.8
8.60 27.0 9.80 30.0 10.20 27.6 11.50 22.2 12.60 51.2
8.70 23.2 9.90 33.4 10.30 30.4 11.60 27.0 12.70 64.4
8.80 19.2 10.00 36.6 10.40 33.0 11.70 32.4 12.80 82.4
8.90 14.2 10.10 39.0 10.50 35.6 11.80 38.8 12.90 106.0
9.00 9.2 10.20 41.0 10.60 38.2 11.90 46.0 13.00 132.0
9.10 4.0 10.30 42.6 10.70 40.4 12.00 53.8
10.40 44.2 10.80 42.4
10.50 45.4 10.90 44.0
10.60 46.6 11.00 45.4
10.70 47.6
10.80 48.5

AcetatebuffersolutionspH36

Makeupthefollowingsolutions
(1)0.1Maceticacid
(2)0.1Msodiumacetate(trihydrate)(13.6g/l)
Mixinthefollowingproportionstogettherequiredph


ph Vol.of0.1Maceticacid Vol.of0.1Msodiumacetate
3 982.3mls 17.7mls
4 847.0mls 153.0mls
5 357.0mls 643.0mls
6 52.2mls 947.8mls

AcetatebuffersolutionspH3.65.6

Makeupthefollowingsolutions
(1)0.1Maceticacid
(2)0.1Msodiumacetate(trihydrate)(13.6g/l)
Mixinthefollowingproportionstogettherequiredph[Pearse1980]


ph Vol.of0.1Maceticacid Vol.of0.1Msodiumacetate
3.6 185mls 15mls
3.8 176mls 24mls
4.0 164mls 36mls
4.2 147mls 53mls
4.4 126mls 74mls
4.6 102mls 98mls
4.8 80mls 120mls
5.0 59mls 141mls
5.2 42mls 158mls
5.4 29mls 171mls
5.6 19mls 181mls

Phosphatebuffersolutionsph5.88.0

Makeupthefollowingsolutions5
(1)0.2MKH2PO4(g/l)
(2)0.2MNaOH
Addthevol.of0.2MNaOHintableto50mlsof0.2MKH2PO4
anddiluteto200mls.

ph Vol.ofNaoh ph Vol.ofNaOH
5.8 3.72mls 7.0 29.63mls
6.0 5.70mls 7.2 35.00mls
6.2 8.60mls 7.4 39.50mls
6.4 12.60mls 7.6 42.80mls
6.6 17.80mls 7.8 45.20mls
6.8 23.65mls 8.0 46.80mls

AdditionofacidorbasetoasaltpH311
Here,theprimarysaltisasolidandisweighedoutingrams.
Ameasuredamountof0.1MHClorNaOHisaddedand
madeupto1litertogivetherequiredph.4

Saltmixture
pH
Diluteeachmixtureto1litersolutionwithdistilledwater
3 10.21gpotassiumhydrogenphthalateand223mlof0.10MHCl
4 10.21gpotassiumhydrogenphthalateand1mlof0.10MHCl
5 10.21gpotassiumhydrogenphthalateand226mlof0.10MNaOH
6 6.81gpotassiumdihydrogenphosphateand56mlof0.10MNaOH
7 6.81gpotassiumdihydrogenphosphateand291mlof0.10MNaOH
8 6.81gpotassiumdihydrogenphosphateand467mlof0.10MNaOH
9 4.77gsodiumtetraborateand46mlof0.10MHCl
10 4.77gsodiumtetraborateand183mlof0.10MNaOH
11 2.10gsodiumbicarbonateand227mlof0.10MNaOH


1.ThePhysicalandTheoreticalLaboratory,OxfordUniversity.
2."Electrolytesolutions"Robinson,R.A.,andStokes,R.H.,2nded.,rev.London,Butterworths,1968.
3."Practicalchemistry"J.LambertandT.A.Muir,3rd.Ed.Heineman,London.
4.pdffile,www.bc.ca/bcsc/resources/(CanadianTeachersFederation).
5."DeterminationofhydrogenIons"ClarkandLubs,WilliamsandWilkins,Baltimore,1928.

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Signature:DhanlalDeLloyd,Chem.Dept,TheUniversityofTheWestIndies,St.Augustinecampus
TheRepublicofTrinidadandTobago.
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