HEAT TREATMENT SERVICES

GR specializes in performing PWHT for the

steel and metal fabrication industries including
the construction of pressure vessels, pressure
piping, storage tanks, buildings, bridges,
offshore platforms, power plants, oil and gas
refineries, and petrochemical plants.

There is often a mandatory requirement for

PWHT due to compliance with welding codes and
specifications on certain materials including but not
limited to carbon steels, stainless/high alloy steels and
work hardened steels. There may also be PWHT
requirements based on the wall thickness of the parts
being welded together.

PWHT reduces or redistributes the residual

stress introduced by the welding process with
a technique that involves heating, soaking and
cooling the weldment/machined surface to
controlled temperatures.

Advantages of Post Weld Heat Treatment Stress Relieving:

A much greater dimensional stability is obtained and maintained
The potential of stress induces cracking is reduced.
The metallurgical structure is improved.
The strength of the Material and Life of the equipment is enhanced.

Advantage of Refractory dry outs

Improves refractory strength
Eliminates refractory separation
Removes water content
Avoids thermal stress

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RADIOGRAPHIC INSPECTION
Industrial radiography is used for a variety of
applications but is commonly performed using two
different sources of radiation, X-Ray and Gamma
ray sources. The choice of radiation sources and
their strength depends on a variety of factors
including size of the component and the material
thickness. Within the broad group of X-Ray and
Gamma ray sources are a variety of camera choices with varying radiation strengths.
GR supplies a complete line of radiographic services for both shop and field applications. Our staff of
qualified, certified, professional radiographers operate within strict safety parameters and produce
high quality radiographs that allow us to utilize our interpretation skills honed through many years of
experience to determine if an anomaly is actually a defect or can be accepted per code requirements.

Advantages:
Can inspect assembled components
Minimum surface preparation required
Detects both surface and subsurface defects
Provides a permanent record of the inspection
Verify internal flaws on complex structures
Isolate and inspect internal components
Automatically detect and measure internal flaws
Measure dimensions and angles within the sample without sectioning
Sensitive to changes in thickness, corrosion, flaws and material density changes

Applicability:
Radiographic testing is used extensively on castings and weldment.
Radiography is well suited to the testing of semiconductor devices
for cracks, broken wires, unsoldered connections, foreign material
and misplaced components. Sensitivity of radiography to various
types of flaws depends on many factors, including type of material,
type of flaw and product form. Both ferrous alloys can be radio
graphed, as can non-metallic materials and composites.

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DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY
NDT inspections in the petrochemical industry and at oil refineries are required to detect tiny cracks,
defects and corrosion even under insulation and coating. An ongoing maintenance routine must be
ensured by conducting repeated inspections. DR systems were designed to instantly provide top-
quality, precise images at an NDT site. Highest quality images are provided, enabling delineation
of hairline cracks on the spot. Dose level is decreased and exposure times are reduced to mere
seconds.

Advantages:
Top Quality Images
Fast and Safe Operation
Outstanding Penetration
High Energy Compatibility
Easy Setup at Inspection Locations Corrosionunder
Insulation
Compliant with Current Industry Standards

Detection: InsulatedPipe

Corrosion/ Erosion/ Cracks/ Corrosion under

Insulation/ Wall Thickness Measurement

Field Locations: PipeWeldDoubleWall

Refineries/ Oil & Gas Pipes/ Chemical or Pharmaceutical Factories

Industrial Standards:
Digital Radiography (DR) Systems support current industry standards.
ASTM E2422-05, ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section V, Article II, ASTM E2736
(ASTM E2698, ASTM, E2737), BSS 7044, BSS 7075, ISO/DIS 17636-2, ISO/DIS 10893-6
and ASTM E2597-07.

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Setup of Digital Radiography Systems for Pipes Inspections

Ir92Source

Exposure Times Comparison Chart:

Exposure Time
DR System Film
Item Pipe Wall Liquid
Material Ci (with Ir-192) (with Ir-192)
Inspected Diameter Thickness Content
Time to Exposure
image time
Fire Water
208 mm St 35 7.2 mm None 20 Ci 30 Sec 03 Min
Hose
Total one
Process
150mm SS 2343 wall 6 Water 30 Ci 20 Sec 15 Min
Water Pipe
mm
Total one
Steam 250 mm +
10 CrMo wall 40 None 70 Ci 50 Sec 01 Hr.
Cooler insulation
mm
Low
400 mm +
Pressure St 35 12 mm None 50 Ci 30 Sec 20 Min
insulation
Steam Pipe
Fuel Lye 100/80
SS 2343 6 mm Lye 20 Ci 15 Sec 10 Min
Pipe mm

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