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Transformer Terminal

RET 54_
Functional description of Configuration Solution for

Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation


with Minimizing Circulating Current principle
1MRS755531 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Issued: 20.01.2005 Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation
Version: A/20.01.2005 with Minimizing Circulating Current principle

1. About this manual .....................................................................6


1.1. Copyrights .....................................................................................6
1.2. Trademarks ...................................................................................6
1.3. General .........................................................................................6
1.4. Guarantee .....................................................................................6
1.5. Related documents .......................................................................7
1.6. Abbreviations ................................................................................8
1.7. Document revisions .......................................................................8
2. Safety information .....................................................................9
3. Introduction .............................................................................10
3.1. Area of application ......................................................................10
3.2. Features ......................................................................................11
3.2.1. Protection .........................................................................11
3.2.2. Condition monitoring ........................................................11
3.2.3. Control .............................................................................11
3.2.4. Measurement ...................................................................11
3.3. Hardware .....................................................................................12
3.3.1. Current and voltage transformers inputs ..........................12
3.3.2. Binary inputs ....................................................................12
3.3.3. Analog inputs ...................................................................13
3.3.4. Binary outputs ..................................................................13
3.4. Transformer bay ..........................................................................14
4. Display of the transformer terminal ......................................15
4.1. Features ......................................................................................15
4.2. Description of configuration .........................................................16
4.3. Alarms .........................................................................................17
5. Protection ................................................................................19
5.1. Protection program 1 (Prot_1) .....................................................19
5.1.1. Stabilized three-phase differential protection for two
winding transformers 19
5.1.1.1. Features .............................................................19
5.1.1.2. Description of configuration ................................19
5.1.2. Restricted low-impedance earth-fault protection ..............20
5.1.2.1. Features .............................................................20
5.1.2.2. Description of configuration ................................20
5.2. Protection program 2 (Prot_2) .....................................................21
5.2.1. Transformer inrush protection ..........................................21
5.2.1.1. Features .............................................................21
5.2.1.2. Description of configuration ................................21
5.2.2. Non-directional overcurrent protection .............................21
5.2.2.1. Description of configuration ................................22

Copyright 2005 ABB Oy, Distribution Automation, VAASA, Finland 3


RET 54_ Transformer Terminal 1MRS755531

Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

5.2.3. Non-directional earth-fault protection ............................... 23


5.2.3.1. Features ............................................................. 23
5.2.3.2. Description of configuration ............................... 23
5.2.3.3. Disturbance Recorder ........................................ 24
5.2.4. Features .......................................................................... 24
5.2.4.1. Description of configuration ............................... 24
5.3. Protection program 3 (Prot_3) .................................................... 26
5.3.1. Three-phase thermal overload protection ........................ 26
5.3.1.1. Features ............................................................. 26
5.3.1.2. Description of configuration ............................... 26
5.4. Switchgroups 1 9 .................................................................... 27
5.4.1. Switchgroup 1 .................................................................. 27
5.4.2. Switchgroup 2 .................................................................. 27
5.4.3. Switchgroup 3 .................................................................. 27
5.4.4. Switchgroup 4 .................................................................. 28
5.4.5. Switchgroup 5 .................................................................. 28
5.4.6. Switchgroup 6 .................................................................. 28
5.4.7. Switchgroup 7 .................................................................. 29
5.4.8. Switchgroup 8 .................................................................. 29
5.4.9. Switchgroup 9 .................................................................. 29
6. Control ..................................................................................... 30
6.1. Control functions for disconnectors ............................................ 30
6.1.1. Features .......................................................................... 30
6.1.2. Description of configuration ............................................. 30
6.2. On load tap changer control function .......................................... 32
6.2.1. Features .......................................................................... 32
6.2.2. Description of configuration ............................................. 32
7. Measurement .......................................................................... 35
7.1. Three-phase current measurement ............................................ 35
7.1.1. Features .......................................................................... 35
7.1.2. Description of configuration ............................................. 35
7.2. Neutral current measurement ..................................................... 36
7.2.1. Features .......................................................................... 36
7.2.2. Description of configuration ............................................. 36
7.3. Phase-to-phase voltage measurement ....................................... 36
7.3.1. Features .......................................................................... 36
7.3.2. Description of configuration ............................................. 37
7.4. Transformer temperature measurements ................................... 38
7.4.1. Features .......................................................................... 38
7.4.2. Description of configuration ............................................. 38
8. Condition Monitoring ............................................................. 39
8.1. Trip circuit supervision ................................................................ 39
8.1.1. Features .......................................................................... 39

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1MRS755531 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

8.1.2. Description of configuration .............................................39


8.2. Alarms in the MIMIC alarm channels ..........................................40
8.2.1. Features ...........................................................................40
8.2.2. Description of configuration .............................................40

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RET 54_ Transformer Terminal 1MRS755531

Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

1. About this manual

1.1. Copyrights
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not
be construed as a commitment by ABB Oy. ABB Oy assumes no responsibility for
any errors that may appear in this document.
In no event shall ABB Oy be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental or
consequential damages of any nature or kind arising from the use of this document,
nor shall ABB Oy be liable for incidental or consequential damages arising from use
of any software or hardware described in this document.
This document and parts thereof must not be reproduced or copied without written
permission from ABB Oy, and the contents thereof must not be imparted to a third
party nor used for any unauthorized purpose.
The software or hardware described in this document is furnished under a license
and may be used, copied, or disclosed only in accordance with the terms of such
license.
Copyright 2005 ABB Oy
All rights reserved.

1.2. Trademarks
ABB is a registered trademark of ABB Group.
All other brand or product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or
registered trademarks of their respective holders.

1.3. General
This manual provides thorough information on the RET 54_ "Power transformer
with tap changer control and parallel operation with Minimizing Circulating Current
principle" configuration solution.
Although warning hazards are related to personal injury, and caution hazards are
associated with equipment or property damage, it should be understood that
operation of damaged equipment may, under certain operational conditions, result
in degraded process performance leading to personal injury or death. Therefore,
comply fully with all warning and caution notices.

1.4. Guarantee
Please inquire about the terms of guarantee from your nearest ABB representative.

6
1MRS755531 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

1.5. Related documents


Manuals for RET 54_
RE_ 5__ Installation Manual 1) 1MRS750526-MUM
RE_ 54_ Operators Manual 1) 1MRS750500-MUM
Transformer Terminal RET 54_ Technical Reference 1MRS755225
Manual, General1)
Protection & Control Terminals RET 54_, REF 54_, 1MRS750745-MUM
REM 54_, REC 523 Configuration Guideline 1)
Technical Descriptions of Functions (CD-ROM) 1MRS750528
REF 54_ and RET 54_ Modbus Communication Protocol 1MRS755238
Technical Description
REF 54_, RET 54_ and REX 521 DNP 3.0 Communication 1MRS755260
Protocol Technical Description

Parameter and event lists for RET 54_


Event List for RET 541 and RET 543 1) 1MRS755226
Event List for RET 5451) 1MRS755227
Parameter List for RET 541 and RET 543 1) 1MRS755228
Parameter List for RET 545 1) 1MRS755229

Manuals for the interface modules


Technical Description of the RER 103 1) 1MRS750532-MUM
Technical Description of the RER 123 1) 1MRS751143-MUM
Bus Connection Module RER 133, Technical Description 1) 1MRS755163

Tool-specific manuals
CAP 505 Installation and Commissioning Manual 2) 1MRS751273-MEN
CAP 505 Operators Manual 2) 1MRS751709-MUM
CAP 501 Installation and Commissioning Manual 3) 1MRS751270-MEN
CAP 501 Operators Manual 3) 1MRS751271-MUM
CAP 505 Protocol Mapping Tool Operators Manual2) 1MRS755277
Relay Configuration Tool, Quick Start Reference 2) 1MRS751275-MEN
Relay Configuration Tool, Tutorial 2) 1MRS751272-MEN
Relay Mimic Editor, Configuration Manual 2) 1MRS751274-MEN
Tools for Relays and Terminals, Users Guide 1MRS752008-MUM
LNT 505 Installation and Commissioning Manual 1MRS751705-MUM
LNT 505 Operators Manual 1MRS751706-MUM
1)
Included on the CD-ROM Technical Descriptions of Functions, 1MRS750528
2) Included on the CD-ROM Relay Product Engineering Tools
3) Included on the CD-ROM Relay Setting Tools

7
RET 54_ Transformer Terminal 1MRS755531

Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

1.6. Abbreviations

Abbreviation Description
CB Circuit Breaker
CBFP Circuit Breaker Failure Protection
CT Current transformer
DC Disconnector
HMI Human-Machine Interface
HV High Voltage
IDMT Inverse Definite Minimum Time
LV Low Voltage
MCC Minimizing Circulating Current
OLTC On Load Tap Changer
PO Power Output
POU Program Organization Unit
SO Signal Output
TCS Trip Circuit Supervision
VT Voltage Transformer

1.7. Document revisions

Version Date History


A 20.01.2005 Document created

8
1MRS755531 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

2. Safety information

Dangerous voltages can occur on the connectors, even though the


auxiliary voltage has been disconnected.
National and local electrical safety regulations must always be
followed.
The device contains components which are sensitive to electrostatic
discharge. Unnecessary touching of electronic components must
therefore be avoided.
The frame of the device has to be carefully earthed.
Only a competent electrician is allowed to carry out the electrical
installation.
Non-observance can result in death, personal injury or substantial
property damage.
Breaking the sealing tape on the back panel of the device will result in
loss of warranty and proper operation will no longer be guaranteed.
When the plug-in unit has been detached from the case, do not touch
the inside of the case. The relay case internals may contain high
voltage potential and touching these may cause personal injury.

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RET 54_ Transformer Terminal 1MRS755531

Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

3. Introduction

3.1. Area of application


The functionality of the transformer protection terminal RET 54_, illustrated below,
is designed to be used for three-phase differential, selective short-circuit,
overcurrent, earth-fault, thermal overload and negative phase sequence protection in
power transformer feeders. The configuration covers protection of the power
transformer between current transformers. Furthermore, also on load tap changer
controlling and high voltage side apparatuses are covered in the control
configuration.

HV-SIDE
SWITCHGEAR etc.

Q2 Q1
M M M M M M

Q0
MF

MF MF
P1 P1
3 3
RET/3I

3 3

3Id> 87T 3I> 51 0000 0000


3 3 HV 50
P2 P2

M Q3 M dI0> 87TN 3I> 51 3I I0


P1 P1
HV LV 50
2 2
1 1 Q91
RET/1I
RET/BI dI0> 87TN I0> 51N
p>
M
1 1
p>
M
LV HV 50N 3I U R
P2 P2 RET/RTD

Q92 TCS
Q4 3 49T I0> 51N I0
LV 50N
Q9 o
T0 o
TW U
P1
P2

P2
P1
1

RET/1I
Q91
CBFP 62BF
Q3
LV 90
U
P2 P2

CBFP 62BF
3 3

3
RET/1U
3 HV
3 3
RET/3I

P1 P1

Q0
MF MF

Q2 Q1

LV-SIDE
SWITCHGEAR

RET_singleline3
RET_symbollist3

Fig. 3.1.-1 Single line diagram and symbol list of the described application

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1MRS755531 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

3.2. Features

3.2.1. Protection
The three-phase current differential protection is intended to be used for transformer
differential protection with stabilized and instantaneous stages.
The stabilized restricted earth-fault protection is intended to be used for internal
earth faults in transformer applications. The configuration includes one restricted
earth-fault function for the high voltage side of the transformer and one for the low
voltage side.
The three-phase overcurrent protection functions are intended to be used for single-
phase, two-phase or three-phase overcurrent protection. The two low-set stages can
be set to the IDMT (Inverse Definite Minimum Time) characteristic.
The earth-fault protection is intended to be used for non-directional earth-fault
protection. The configuration includes one non-directional earth-fault stage for the
transformer high voltage side and one for the low voltage side.
The three-phase thermal protection function is intended to be used for thermal
overload protection for transformers.

3.2.2. Condition monitoring


The Trip Circuit Supervision, TCS, is based on the constant current injection
principle. If the resistance of the trip circuit exceeds a certain limit, for instance
because of loose contacts or oxidation, or if the OPEN contact is welded, the voltage
over the OPEN contact falls below 20 V DC and the supervision function of the trip
circuit is activated.

3.2.3. Control
The circuit breaker control function blocks are used for controlling the open and
close states of a circuit breaker. In the same way, the disconnector function blocks
are used for controlling the open and close states of a circuit breaker. The function
blocks also handle the interlocking logics. The open, close and undefined states of
an object can be indicated both remotely and locally.
The tap changer control function block is used for controlling the on load tap
changer, both manually and automatically. The disconnector function blocks can be
used as an interface between the tap changer control function and the HMI. In this
configuration the three state disconnector function is used for this purpose.

3.2.4. Measurement
The measurement function blocks are used to measure the three-phase currents and
neutral currents from the low and the high voltage sides, and the low voltage side
phase-to-phase voltage.
The transient disturbance recorder is used to record the current and voltage
waveforms, the status data of the internal logic signals, based on the
IEC 61131-3 standard, and the binary inputs connected to the relay terminals.
The maximum number of analog inputs is 16 and the maximum number of logic
signals is likewise 16.

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RET 54_ Transformer Terminal 1MRS755531

Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

3.3. Hardware
This configuration can be used with the Basic and Multi versions of the following
RET transformer terminal types:
RET543A_245AAAA
RET543A_245BAAA
RET543A_245CAAA
RET543A_245AAAB
RET543A_245BAAB
Note! If this configuration is to be used with any other RET transformer terminal
type, the hardware part of the configuration has to be changed.

3.3.1. Current and voltage transformers inputs


The transformer terminal measures the analog signals needed for the protection and
measuring functions via galvanically separated matching transformers. The
RET543A_245_AA_ transformer terminal includes 9 matching transformers: CT1,
CT2, CT3, CT4, CT5, CT6, CT7, CT8 and VT1.
Channels 2, 3, 4 (CT1, CT2 and CT3) are used for the LV side phase currents.
Channels 7, 8, 9 (CT6, CT7 and CT8) are used for the HV side phase currents.
Channel 6 (CT4) is used for the HV side neutral current, Io.
Channel 5 (CT5) is used for the LV side neutral current, Iob.
Channel 10 (VT1) is used for the LV side phase-to-phase voltage, U12b.

3.3.2. Binary inputs


The inputs are programmed as binary inputs. The binary inputs of the RET543
transformer terminals are voltage-controlled and optically isolated.
Table 3.3.2-1 Binary inputs
Input Terminal Used for
PS1_4_BI1 X4.2 1-2 Transformer in use i.e. connected
PS1_4_BI2 X4.2 4-5 High voltage side is free
PS1_4_BI3 X4.2 6-7 Low voltage side is free
BIO1_5_BI1 X5.1 1-2 DC Q91 open
BIO1_5_BI2 X5.1 3-2 DC Q91 close
BIO1_5_BI3 X5.1 4-5 CB Q92 open
BIO1_5_BI4 X5.1 6-5 CB Q92 close
BIO1_5_BI5 X5.1 7-8 DC Q94 open
BIO1_5_BI6 X5.1 9-8 DC Q94 close
BIO1_5_BI7 X5.1 10-11 DC Q9 open
BIO1_5_BI8 X5.1 12-11 DC Q9 close
BIO1_5_BI9 X5.1 13-14 BS_A, blocking signal
BIO1_5_BI10 X5.1 15-16 BS_B, blocking signal
BIO1_5_BI11 X5.1 17-18 BS_C, blocking signal
BIO1_5_BI12 X5.2 1-2 Not in use
BIO2_7_BI1 X7.1 1-2 Gas relay(Buchholtz) tripped
BIO2_7_BI2 X7.1 3-2 Temperature relay tripped
BIO2_7_BI3 X7.1 4-5 Oil level indication

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1MRS755531 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

Table 3.3.2-1 Binary inputs (Continued)


Input Terminal Used for
BIO2_7_BI4 X7.1 6-5 Pressure relay tripped
BIO2_7_BI5 X7.1 7-8 Tap changer operates
BIO2_7_BI6 X7.1 9-8 Reduce set voltage
BIO2_7_BI7 X7.1 10-11 Not in use
BIO2_7_BI8 X7.1 12-11 Not in use
BIO2_7_BI9 X7.1 13-14 Voltage regulator to manual command
BIO2_7_BI10 X7.1 15-16 Voltage regulator to auto command
RTD1_6_AI1 X6.1 1-4 On load tap changer position
RTD1_6_AI2 X6.1 4-7 Transformer oil temperature (top)
RTD1_6_AI3 X6.1 8-11 Transformer oil temperature (bottom)
RTD1_6_AI4 X6.1 11-14 Winding temperature
RTD1_6_AI5 X6.1 15-18 Transformer ambient temperature
RTD1_6_AI6 X6.1 18 X6.2 3 Not in use
RTD1_6_AI7 X6.2 4-7 Not in use
RTD1_6_AI8 X6.2 7-10 Not in use

3.3.3. Analog inputs


The RTD inputs should be set as PT100 inputs, except for RTD1_6_AI1, which
should be set as a mA input.
Table 3.3.3-1 Analog inputs
Input Terminal Used for
RTD1_6_AI1 X6.1 1-4 On load tap changer position
RTD1_6_AI2 X6.1 4-7 Transformer oil temperature (top)
RTD1_6_AI3 X6.1 8-11 Transformer oil temperature (bottom)
RTD1_6_AI4 X6.1 11-14 Winding temperature
RTD1_6_AI5 X6.1 15-18 Transformer ambient temperature
RTD1_6_AI6 X6.1 18 X6.2 3 Not in use
RTD1_6_AI7 X6.2 4-7 Not in use
RTD1_6_AI8 X6.2 7-10 Not in use

3.3.4. Binary outputs


The outputs of the RET543 transformer terminal are categorized as power outputs
(PO) and signal outputs (SO). The power outputs can be used for tripping and for
circuit breaker and disconnector control. The signal outputs are either normally open
or normally open / normally closed contacts. The signal outputs are not heavy-duty
outputs, and thus they cannot be used for controlling e.g. circuit breakers. Available
output relays are listed in the following table.
Table 3.3.4-1 Binary outputs
Output Terminal Used for
PS1_4_HSPO1 X4.1 10,11,12,13 Protection TRIP to HV side CB Q0
PS1_4_HSPO2 X4.1 15,16,17,18 Protection TRIP to LV side CB Q0
PS1_4_HSPO3 X4.1 6,7,8,9 Not in use
PS1_4_HSPO4 X4.2 8,9,10,11 CBFP trip from HV protection functions
PS1_4_HSPO5 X4.1 12,13,14,15 CBFP trip from LV protection functions
PS1_4_SO1 X4.2 16-18 Not in use
BIO1_5_SO1 X5.2 3-4 On load tap changer - LOWER

13
RET 54_ Transformer Terminal 1MRS755531

Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

Table 3.3.4-1 Binary outputs (Continued)


Output Terminal Used for
BIO1_5_SO2 X5.2 5-6 On load tap changer - RAISE
BIO1_5_SO3 X5.2 7-8 Sum alarm of protective functions
BIO1_5_SO4 X5.2 10-11 Not in use
BIO1_5_SO5 X5.2 13-14 Not in use
BIO1_5_SO6 X5.2 16-17 Voltage regulator AUTO/MANUAL mode
BIO2_7_PO1 X7.1 17-18 DC Q91 open
BIO2_7_PO2 X7.2 1-2 DC Q91 close
BIO2_7_PO3 X7.2 3-6 DC Q92 open
BIO2_7_PO4 X7.2 7-10 DC Q92 close
BIO2_7_PO5 X7.2 11-14 DC Q4 open
BIO2_7_PO6 X7.2 15-18 DC Q4 close

3.4. Transformer bay


This configuration is intended for a power transformer operating as a single
transformer or as a power transformer able to operate in parallel mode. The parallel
mode is fixed to the Minimizing Circular Current (MMC) mode. The protection
configuration consists of differential protection as a main protection. Furthermore,
back-up protections are also included.
The control part of the configuration is made for transformer earthing switches and
for star point disconnectors. The trip signals to the HV and LV side circuit breakers
are connected as independent high-speed output contacts. The high and low voltage
sides are assumed to be controlled from the corresponding switchgears.
The open, close and undefined states of the circuit breaker and the truck are
indicated on the relay display.
Bay level interlocking is configured in the transformer terminal. Anyhow, the
suitability of the configuration must be checked before commissioning.

14
1MRS755531 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

4. Display of the transformer terminal

4.1. Features
The front panel of the RET 54_ transformer terminal includes:
A graphic LCD display, with a resolution of 128 x 160 pixels, consisting of 19
rows divided into two windows: a main window (17 rows) and an assisting
window (2 rows)
A main window providing detailed information on the MIMIC, objects, events,
measurements, control alarms and parameters of the transformer terminal
An assisting window for indications/alarms and help messages related to the
transformer terminal
Three push buttons for object control
Eight freely programmable alarm LEDs with different colors depending on to the
configuration (off, green, yellow, red). The LEDs can be configured as blinking/
steady and latched/non-latched.
An interlocking LED for control and test mode indication
Three protection indication LEDs
An HMI push button section with four arrow buttons and buttons for Clear [C]
and Enter [E]
An optically isolated serial communication port for PC
Backlight and contrast control
One freely programmable button [F]
A control position button (L/R/Logic)
The HMI has two main levels: the user level and the technical level. The user level
is for measurements and monitoring, whereas the technical level is used for terminal
parameterization.

Graphical
LCD display

Main window Assisting window

RET 541
Programmable LEDs
Object control buttons:
Close / Raise
Control test &
Q1

Q0 Open / Lower
Interlocking LED
0.0A

Q4
0POS Select
AVR PAR
AUT ON

Q9 0.0A

Control position button


0 . 0 kW
0 . 0 A Io

Freely programmable
button

Optical PC Protection LED indicators:


connector Left: Ready, IRF, Test mode
Middle: Start, Block
Right: Trip, CBFP
Uaux = 80...265 Vdc/ac Ion = 1/5 A (Io) 1MRS xxxxxx
fn = 50 Hz Un = 100/110 V (U) 98150
In = 1/5 A (I) Uon = 100/110 V (Uo) 9509

Navigation Enter/Return Clear/Cancel


buttons
RETface

Fig. 4.1.-1 Transformer terminal front panel

15
RET 54_ Transformer Terminal 1MRS755531

Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

4.2. Description of configuration

Q91

0.0A
Q92

POS 0

AVR PAR
AUT ON
Q4
Q9 0.0A
0 . 0 kV
0 . 0 A Iob
RET_mimic_tap_paral3

Fig. 4.2.-1 MIMIC view of the described application


The objects COIND1 and COIND2 are used for monitoring the states of the truck.
The object has 4 positions: 10 (open), 01(close), 11(undefined) and 00 (undefined).

symbol_disconnector

Fig. 4.2.-2 Disconnector MIMIC symbols


The objects COSW1 and COSW2 are used for selecting automatic/manual and
single/parallel modes of tap changer control. These objects has 2 positions: On and
Off. The positions are shown in the following pictures.

16
1MRS755531 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

avr_selbutton

Fig. 4.2.-3 Avr MIMIC symbols

par_selbutton

Fig. 4.2.-4 Par MIMIC symbols


The MMIDATA1 is used for indicating the maximum phase current from the
transformer HV side, expressed as a primary value.
The MMIDATA2 is used for indicating the maximum phase current from the
transformer LV side, expressed as a primary value.
The MMIDATA3 is used for indicating the phase-to-phase voltage U12b from the
transformer LV side.
The MMIDATA4 is used for indicating the LV side neutral current.
The MMIDATA5 is used for indicating the position of the tap changer.

4.3. Alarms
The function block MMIALAR_ handles the HMI alarm LEDs and forwards the
indications to the HMI alarm view. The activation and the acknowledgement of the
function block are controlled by logic signals. The LED indications can be selected
according to requirements. Alarms can be reset in the Alarm view, by pressing the
C button for a few seconds.

17
RET 54_ Transformer Terminal 1MRS755531

Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

RET_LEDs3

Fig. 4.3.-1 Alarm channel configuration


Alarm 1
Alarm 1 is used for indicating a trip alarm of the gas relay (Buchholz relay).
Alarm 2
Alarm 2 is used for indicating trip alarms of the transformer thermal relays.
Alarm 3
Alarm 3 is used for indicating trip alarms of the transformer oil level relays.
Alarm 4
Alarm 4 is used for indicating trip alarms of the transformer pressure relays.
Alarm 5
Alarm 5 is used for indicating a trip circuit fault of the circuit breakers.
Alarm 6
Alarm 6 is not in use.
Alarm 7
Alarm 7 is used for indicating a high temperature alarm from the transformer.
Alarm 8
Alarm 8 is used to indicate an operating tap changer.

18
1MRS755531 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

5. Protection
This chapter describes the functions in the protection worksheets (Prot_1, Prot_2
and Prot_3), function by function. The task times for the protection Program
Organization Units (POUs) are as follows:
(Prot_1) POU, 5 ms
(Prot_2) POU, 10 ms
(Prot_3) POU, 40 ms

5.1. Protection program 1 (Prot_1)

5.1.1. Stabilized three-phase differential protection for two winding


transformers

5.1.1.1. Features
The configuration includes the Diff6T three-phase current differential protection
with stabilized and instantaneous stages providing winding short-circuit protection
for two-winding transformers.
Blocking based on the ratio of the second harmonic and the fundamental
frequency component of the differential current prevents unwanted operations at
transformer inrush currents.
Blocking based on the ratio of the fifth harmonic and the fundamental component
of the differential current prevents operation in harmless situations of transformer
overexcitation - blocking can be eliminated if the ratio of the fifth harmonic and
the fundamental component increases at dangerously high overvoltages.
Separately adjustable instantaneous stage based on instantaneous values of
differential currents - instantaneous stage cannot be blocked by the second or the
fifth harmonic restraint.
The differential and stabilizing currents are calculated for every phase on basis of
the fundamental frequency components of the currents.
Short operating times at faults occurring in the zone to be protected (internal
faults), even with partially saturated current transformers.
Automatic adaptation to tap changer position changes.

5.1.1.2. Description of configuration


The activation of the BIO1_5_BI9 blocking input for the Diff6T differential
protection stages is connected via switchgroup SWGRP1. To increase the sensitivity
of the stabilized differential function, the tap position information from the tap
changer is connected to the Diff6T function block. The variable TAP_POS, the tap
changer position, is used in the control program.
The TRIP commands of every function are collected to this POU and connected to
the output signals PS1_4_HSPO1 and PS1_4_HSPO2 via switchgroups
(SWGRP36). You can decide how to connect the TRIP signals between the
transformer HV and LV sides by setting these switchgroups in different ways.

19
RET 54_ Transformer Terminal 1MRS755531

Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

Furthermore, circuit breaker protection commands of every function are collected to


Prot_1. Command signals are connected to the output signals PS1_4_HSPO4 and
PS1_4_HSPO5 via switchgroups (SWGRP79).

Diff6T_1
Diff6T
REAL_TO_SINT IL1 IL1 TRIP Diff6T_TRIP
RTD1_6_AI1 IL2 IL2 STATUS
IL3 IL3 CBFP Diff6T_CBFP
IL1b IL1b
IL2b IL2b
SWGRP1_1
SWGRP1 IL3b IL3b
BIO1_5_BI9 IN1 OUT1 BS_STAB
IN2 OUT2 BS_INST
IN3 OUT3 TRIGG
IN4 OUT4 GROUP
IN5 OUT5 TAP_POS
IN6 OUT6 RESET
IN7 OUT7
IN8 OUT8 TAP_POS
GROUP CHKSUM

Diff_conf3

Fig. 5.1.1.2.-1 Configuration of the differential function

5.1.2. Restricted low-impedance earth-fault protection

5.1.2.1. Features
The restricted low-impedance earth-fault protection function is intended for two-
winding power transformers. The function is based on the numerical stabilized
differential current principle. The restricted earth-fault protection stage operates
exclusively on earth faults occurring in the protected area, i.e. in the area between
the phase and neutral current transformers. An earth fault in this area appears as a
differential current between the residual current of the phase currents and the neutral
current of the conductor between the star-point of the transformer and earth. The
relay measures a differential current as the difference between the residual current
of the phase currents and neutral current. The earth-fault protection is biased with
the load current, therefore no external stabilizing resistor is required. Unwanted
operation at transformer magnetizing inrush situations is prevented by blocking
based on the ratio between the second harmonic and the fundamental frequency
component of the neutral current.

5.1.2.2. Description of configuration


The configuration includes a restricted low-impedance earth-fault protection
function for the LV side of two-winding power transformers. The function block
names are REF4A and REF4B. The activation of the blocking input BIO1_5_BI9
for the REF4A and REF4B earth fault protection stages is connected via
switchgroup SWGRP1.

20
1MRS755531 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

Low impedance e/f protection for HV side Low impedance e/f protection for LV side
REF4A_1 REF4B_1
REF4A REF4B
IL1b IL1b START REF4A_START IL1b IL1b START REF4B_START
IL2b IL2b TRIP REF4A_TRIP IL2b IL2b TRIP REF4B_TRIP
IL3b IL3b CBFP REF4A_CBFP IL3b IL3b CBFP REF4B_CBFP
Io Io Iob
BLOCK BLOCK
GROUP GROUP
RESET RESET

REF4AB_prot

Fig. 5.1.2.2.-1 Configuration of the restricted earth-fault function

5.2. Protection program 2 (Prot_2)

5.2.1. Transformer inrush protection

5.2.1.1. Features
The configuration includes the three-phase transformer inrush detection function
block Inrush3. This function block can be used to double the set start current of an
overcurrent stage in a transformer magnetizing inrush situation.

5.2.1.2. Description of configuration

Inrush3_1
Inrush3
IL1 IL1 START
IL2 IL2 ERR
IL3 IL3
GROUP
RESET

Inrush3

Fig. 5.2.1.2.-1 Transformer inrush current detector function


The three phase currents are connected to the inputs IL1, IL2 and IL3. The Inrush3
function block can double the setting value of each overcurrent function block via
switchgroup 1.

5.2.2. Non-directional overcurrent protection

5.2.2.1. Features
The three-phase non-directional overcurrent function blocks are designed to be used
for non-directional two-phase and three-phase overcurrent and short-circuit
protection whenever the DT characteristic or, as concerns NOC3Low and
NOC3LowB, the IDMT characteristic is appropriate.

21
RET 54_ Transformer Terminal 1MRS755531

Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

Suppression of harmonics is possible. The operation of the stage can be based on two
alternative measuring principles: the average value of consecutive instantaneous
peak-to-peak values or the numerically calculated fundamental frequency
component of the short-circuit current. A delayed trip output for the circuit breaker
failure protection (CBFP) function is available.

5.2.2.2. Description of configuration

NOC3Inst_1 NOC3High_1
NOC3Inst NOC3High
IL1 IL1 BSOUT IL1b IL1 BSOUT
IL2 IL2 START NOC3Inst_START IL2b IL2 START NOC3High_START
IL3 IL3 TRIP NOC3Inst_TRIP IL3b IL3 TRIP NOC3High_TRIP
BS1 CBFP NOC3Inst_CBFP BS1 CBFP NOC3High_CBFP
BS2 ERR BS2 ERR
TRIGG TRIGG
GROUP GROUP
DOUBLE DOUBLE
BSREG BSREG
RESET RESET

NOC3Low_1 NOC3LowB_1
NOC3Low NOC3LowB
IL1 IL1 START NOC3Low_START IL1b IL1 START NOC3LowB_START
IL2 IL2 TRIP NOC3Lowh_TRIP IL2b IL2 TRIP NOC3LowB_TRIP
IL3 IL3 CBFP NOC3Low_CBFP IL3b IL3 CBFP NOC3LowB_CBFP
BS1 ERR BS1
BS2 BS2
TRIGG TRIGG
GROUP GROUP
DOUBLE DOUBLE
BSREG BSREG
RESET RESET

overcurrent_prot3

Fig. 5.2.2.2.-1 Overcurrent functions for the HV side (left) and for the LV side
(right)
The configuration includes four three-phase non-directional overcurrent function
blocks: NOC3LowB, NOC3Low, NOC3High and NOC3Inst. Inverse-time
operation is only available to the low-set stages (NOC3Low and NOC3LowB).
The phase currents from the HV side of the transformer are connected to the inputs
of NOC3Inst and NOC3Low. The phase currents from the LV side are connected to
the inputs of NOC3High and NOC3LowB. The activation of the Inrush3 function
block doubles the setting value of the each overcurrent function block.
All protection trip signals are connected to the high-speed output relay via
switchgroups 3, 4, 5 and 6. In addition, the trip signals are connected to a common
signal output relay for alarm purposes.
The circuit breaker failure protection outputs are connected to a common output
relay via switchgroups 7, 8 and 9.
The disturbance recorder can be triggered by the trip and/or start signals of the
protection functions.
All the protection trip signals are transferred to the POU (prot_1) where they are
connected to output relays via a switchgroup.

22
1MRS755531 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

5.2.3. Non-directional earth-fault protection

5.2.3.1. Features
The non-directional earth-fault protection function blocks are designed for non-
directional earth-fault protection whenever the DT characteristic or, as concerns
NEF1Low, the IDMT characteristic is appropriate.
Suppression of harmonics is possible. The operation of the function block is based
on two alternative measuring principles: the average value of consecutive
instantaneous peak-to-peak values or the numerically calculated fundamental
frequency component of the neutral current. The measuring mode is selected by
means of an HMI parameter or a serial communication parameter. A delayed trip
output for the CBFP function is available.

5.2.3.2. Description of configuration

NEF1High_1
NEF1High
Io Io START NEF1High_START
BS1 TRIP NEF1High_TRIP
BS2 CBFP NEF1High_CBFP
TRIGG ERR
GROUP
BSREG
RESET

NEF1Low_1
NEF1Low
Iob Io START NEF1Low_START
BS1 TRIP NEF1Low_TRIP
BS2 CBFP NEF1Low_CBFP
TRIGG ERR
GROUP
BSREG
RESET

nondir_earthfault3

Fig. 5.2.3.2.-1 Non-directional earth fault functions


The configuration includes two non-directional earth-fault protection function
blocks, NEF1Low and NEF1High. Inverse-time operation is only available to the
low-set stage (NEF1Low).
The residual current from the HV side is connected to the non-directional earth-fault
protection stage NEF1High. The neutral current from the LV side is connected to the
non-directional earth-fault stage NEF1Low.
The protection trip signals are connected to the high-speed output relay via
switchgroups 3-6. In addition, the trip signals are connected to a common signal
output relay for alarm purposes.
The circuit breaker failure protection outputs are connected to a common output
relay via switchgroups 7-9.

23
RET 54_ Transformer Terminal 1MRS755531

Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

The disturbance recorder can be triggered by the trip and/or the start signals of the
protection functions.

5.2.4. Disturbance Recorder

5.2.4.1. Features
The transient disturbance recorder MEDREC16 can record 16 signal types of the
analog channels of the relay and the status values of the digital input signals
connected to the inputs BI1...BI16. The recordings can be uploaded with a
DR_Collector tool, which converts the data to COMTRADE format.

Main features
Recording capability of up to 16 current or voltage waveforms and 16 logic
digital signals
The length of a recording is settable in a range determined by the amount of
memory available and the number of analog inputs used
The number of recordings depends on the sampling frequency, length of
recordings and number of analog inputs
The recording can be triggered by one or several of the alternatives listed below:
triggering on the rising or falling edge of any (or several) of the digital inputs
triggering on an adjustable level of overcurrent, overvoltage or undervoltage
manual triggering via HMI
triggering via serial communication or via a parameter
periodic triggering
Adjustable pre-triggering time for pre-fault analysis
The recorder has three operation modes: saturation, overwrite and extension

5.2.4.2. Description of configuration


The phase-to-phase voltage and the six phase currents as well as the neutral current
are connected to the function block. The disturbance recorder can be triggered by the
start and/or trip signals of the protection functions.

24
1MRS755531 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

MEDREC16_1
MEDREC16
IL1 IL1 TRG
IL2 IL2 NUM_RECS
IL3 IL3 ERR

Io Io
Iob Iob
Uo
U1
U2
U3
U12
U23
U31
U12b U12b
IL1b IL1b
IL2b IL2b
IL3b IL3b
Diff6T_TRIP BI1
OR
NOC3Inst_START BI2
NOC3High_START NOC3Inst_TRIP BI3
NOC3High_TRIP BI4
OR
NOC3Low_START BI5
NOC3LowB_START NOC3Low_TRIP BI6
NOC3LowB_TRIP BI7
NEF1High_START BI8
NEF1High_TRIP BI9
OR
REF4A_START NEF1Low_START BI10
REF4B_START NEF1Low_TRIP BI11
BI12
OR
REF4A_TRIP BI13
REF4B_TRIP TOL3Dev_START BI14
TOL3Dev_TRIP BI15
OR
Diff6T_CBFP BI16
REF4A_CBFP UINT#65535 BI_USED
REF4B_CBFP F001V021 EXT_TRIG
TOL3Dev_CBFP RESET
NEF1High_CBFP
NEF1Low_CBFP
NOC3Inst_CBFP
NOC3Low_CBFP
NOC3High_CBFP
NOC3LowB_CBFP
disturbance_rec3

Fig. 5.2.4.2.-1 Disturbance recorder

25
RET 54_ Transformer Terminal 1MRS755531

Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

5.3. Protection program 3 (Prot_3)

5.3.1. Three-phase thermal overload protection

5.3.1.1. Features
The three-phase thermal overload protection function block TOL3Dev is used for
thermal protection of three-phase transformers. It has adjustable percentual
temperature limits for tripping, prior alarm and reclose inhibit. The thermal model
applied uses two time constants and the true RMS current measuring principle.

5.3.1.2. Description of configuration


The three phase currents are connected to the inputs IL1, IL2 and IL3. An RTD input
is connected to the SENSOR1 input of the function block for ambient temperature
measurement.
The protection trip signal is connected to the high-speed output relay in the (Prot_1)-
worksheet via switchgroups 3 and 5. In addition, it is connected to a common signal
output relay for alarm purposes.
The circuit breaker failure protection output is connected to a common output relay
in the (Prot_1)- worksheet via switchgroups 7 and 9.
The disturbance recorder can be triggered from the trip signal.

TOL3Dev_1
TOL3Dev
IL1 IL1 START TOL3Dev_START
IL2 IL2 TRIP TOL3Dev_TRIP
IL3 IL3 CBFP TOL3Dev_CBFP
RTD1_6_AI5 SENSOR1 BLOCK_OUT
SENSOR2 TEMP_ROTOR
RTD1_6_AI5IV SENS_IV TEMP_STATOR
TOL_BLOCK BLOCK COOL_TIME
TRIGG TRIP_TIME
RESET EN_RESTART
SENSERR

thermal3

Fig. 5.3.1.2.-1 Transformer thermal protection

26
1MRS755531 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

5.4. Switchgroups 1 9
Nine switchgroups are used in the protection configuration POU(Prot_1) to provide
flexibility for the user. Below is a detailed description of the switchgroups:

5.4.1. Switchgroup 1
Blocking of the stabilized and instantaneous stages of the differential protection
function and of the restricted low-impedance earth-fault function.
Table 5.4.1-1 Switchgroup 1
Input Description Output Description
IN1 BIO1_5_BI9 OUT1 Blocking of stabilized stage of Diff6T
IN2 BIO1_5_BI9 OUT2 Blocking of instantaneous stage of Diff6T
IN3 BIO1_5_BI9 OUT3 Blocking of REF4A operation
IN4 BIO1_5_BI9 OUT4 Blocking of REF4B operation
IN5 Not in use OUT5
IN6 Not in use OUT6
IN7 Not in use OUT7
IN8 Not in use OUT8

5.4.2. Switchgroup 2
Blocking of the overcurrent, earth fault, negative phase sequence and thermal
overload protections.
Table 5.4.2-1 Switchgroup 2
Input Description Output Description
IN1 BIO1_5_BI10 OUT1 Blocking of HV overcurrent NOC3Inst
IN2 BIO1_5_BI10 OUT2 Blocking of HV overcurrent NOC3Low
IN3 BIO1_5_BI11 OUT3 Blocking of LV overcurrent NOC3High
IN4 BIO1_5_BI11 OUT4 Blocking of LV overcurrent NOC3LowB
IN5 BIO1_5_BI11 OUT5 Blocking of HV earth fault NEF1High,
NEF1Low
IN6 BIO1_5_BI11 OUT6 Blocking of Thermal overload TOL3Dev
IN7 Not in use OUT7
IN8 Not in use OUT8

5.4.3. Switchgroup 3
Trip signal selector for the HV side circuit breaker
Table 5.4.3-1 Switchgroup 3
Input Description Output Description
IN1 Trip signal from Diff6T OUT1 PS1_4_HSPO1 (TRIP to HV side)
IN2 Trip signal from NOC3Inst OUT2 Same as above
IN3 Trip signal from NOC3High OUT3 Same as above
IN4 Trip signal from NOC3Low OUT4 Same as above
IN5 Trip signal from NOC3LowB OUT5 Same as above
IN6 Trip signal from NEF1High OUT6 Same as above
IN7 Trip signal from NEF1Low OUT7 Same as above
IN8 Trip signal from TOL3Dev OUT8 Same as above

27
RET 54_ Transformer Terminal 1MRS755531

Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

5.4.4. Switchgroup 4
Trip signal selector for the HV side circuit breaker
Table 5.4.4-1 Switchgroup 4
Input Description Output Description
IN1 Trip signal from REF4A OUT1 PS1_4_HSPO1 (TRIP to HV side)
IN2 Trip signal from REF4B OUT2 Same as above
IN3 Not in use OUT3
IN4 Not in use OUT4
IN5 Not in use OUT5
IN6 Not in use OUT6
IN7 Not in use OUT7
IN8 Not in use OUT8

5.4.5. Switchgroup 5
Trip signal selector for the LV side circuit breaker
Table 5.4.5-1 Switchgroup 5
Input Description Output Description
IN1 Trip signal from Diff6T OUT1 PS1_4_HSPO2 (TRIP to LV side)
IN2 Trip signal from NOC3Inst OUT2 Same as above
IN3 Trip signal from NOC3High OUT3 Same as above
IN4 Trip signal from NOC3Low OUT4 Same as above
IN5 Trip signal from NOC3LowB OUT5 Same as above
IN6 Trip signal from NEF1High OUT6 Same as above
IN7 Trip signal from NEF1Low OUT7 Same as above
IN8 Trip signal from TOL3Dev OUT8 Same as above

5.4.6. Switchgroup 6
Trip signal selector for the LV side circuit breaker
Table 5.4.6-1 Switchgroup 6
Input Description Output Description
IN1 Trip signal from REF4A OUT1 PS1_4_HSPO2 (TRIP to LV side)
IN2 Trip signal from REF4B OUT2 Same as above
IN3 Not in use OUT3
IN4 Not in use OUT4
IN5 Not in use OUT5
IN6 Not in use OUT6
IN7 Not in use OUT7
IN8 Not in use OUT8

28
1MRS755531 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

5.4.7. Switchgroup 7
CBFP signal selector to the HV side
Table 5.4.7-1 Switchgroup 7
Input Description Output Description
IN1 CBFP signal from Diff6T OUT1 PS1_4_HSPO4 (CBFP to HV side)
IN2 CBFP signal from NOC3Inst OUT2 Same as above
IN3 CBFP signal from NOC3High OUT3 Same as above
IN4 CBFP signal from NOC3Low OUT4 Same as above
IN5 CBFP signal from NOC3LowB OUT5 Same as above
IN6 CBFP signal from NEF1High OUT6 Same as above
IN7 CBFP signal from NEF1Low OUT7 Same as above
IN8 CBFP signal from TOL3Dev OUT8 Same as above

5.4.8. Switchgroup 8
CBFP signal selector to the HV and the LV side.
Table 5.4.8-1 Switchgroup 8
Input Description Output Description
IN1 CBFP signal from REF4A OUT1 PS1_4_HSPO4 (CBFP to HV side)
IN2 CBFP signal from REF4B OUT2 Same as above
IN3 CBFP signal from REF4A OUT3 PS1_4_HSPO5 (CBFP to LV side)
IN4 CBFP signal from REF4B OUT4 Same as above
IN5 Not in use OUT5
IN6 Not in use OUT6
IN7 Not in use OUT7
IN8 Not in use OUT8

5.4.9. Switchgroup 9
CBFP signal selector to the LV side
Table 5.4.9-1 Switchgroup 9
Input Description Output Description
IN1 CBFP signal from Diff6T OUT1 PS1_4_HSPO5 (CBFP to LV side)
IN2 CBFP signal from NOC3Inst OUT2 Same as above
IN3 CBFP signal from NOC3High OUT3 Same as above
IN4 CBFP signal from NOC3Low OUT4 Same as above
IN5 CBFP signal from NOC3LowB OUT5 Same as above
IN6 CBFP signal from NEF1High OUT6 Same as above
IN7 CBFP signal from NEF1Low OUT7 Same as above
IN8 CBFP signal from TOL3Dev OUT8 Same as above

29
RET 54_ Transformer Terminal 1MRS755531

Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

6. Control
This chapter describes the functions in the control (Cont) worksheet, function by
function. The task time for the control POU is 40 ms.
The control functions used in this configuration are circuit breaker and disconnector
control and indication as well as on load tap changer control and indication.

6.1. Control functions for disconnectors

6.1.1. Features
The function block CODC_ can be used for controlling the open and close states of
a disconnector or an earthing switch. The function block also incorporates user-
defined interlocking logics and has guaranteed opening and closing pulse widths.
The function block can indicate the open, close and undefined states of an object
both remotely and locally.

6.1.2. Description of configuration


Disconnector Q91 control
AND CODC1_1
PS1_4_BI2 CODC1
PS1_4_BI3 OPEN OOPEN BIO2_7_PO1
PS1_4_BI2IV OPENENA OCLOSE BIO2_7_PO2
PS1_4_BI3IV CLOSE AOPEN
CLOSEENA ACLOSE
BIO1_5_BI1 BINOPEN RESERVE
BIO1_5_BI2 BINCLOSE
IV
OR
BIO1_5_BI1IV ACK
BIO1_5_BI2IV BLOCK

Disconnector Q92 control


CODC2_1
CODC2
OPEN OOPEN BIO2_7_PO3
TRUE OPENENA OCLOSE BIO2_7_PO4
CLOSE AOPEN
TRUE CLOSEENA ACLOSE
BIO1_5_BI3 BINOPEN RESERVE
BIO1_5_BI4 BINCLOSE
IV
OR
BIO1_5_BI3IV ACK
BIO1_5_BI4IV BLOCK

Disconnector Q4 control
CODC3_1
CODC3
OPEN OOPEN BIO2_7_PO5
TRUE OPENENA OCLOSE BIO2_7_PO6
CLOSE AOPEN
TRUE CLOSEENA ACLOSE
BIO1_5_BI5 BINOPEN RESERVE
BIO1_5_BI6 BINCLOSE
IV
OR
BIO1_5_BI5IV ACK
BIO1_5_BI6IV BLOCK

Earthing switch Q9 position indication


COIND1_1
COIND1
BIO1_5_BI7 BINOPEN
BIO1_5_BI8 BINCLOSE
IV
OR
BIO1_5_BI7IV
BIO1_5_BI8IV

DC_control3

Fig. 6.1.2.-1 Disconnector control functions and interlocking logic

30
1MRS755531 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

The configuration includes the function blocks, which are used for opening and
closing of the earthing switches Q91, Q92 and the disconnector Q4.
The disconnector open and close status data is connected to the BINOPEN and
BINCLOSE inputs. Validity data of binary inputs, indicating the disconnector state,
is connected to the IV input. Invalidity state of input is also used to prevent
malfunction of blocking if some input would be e.g. oscillating.
Before the commissioning of this configuration, you must check that the
! bay-oriented interlocking is suitable for the specified application.
High voltage side free means here, that there is no voltage present at the primary
circuits or that the primary circuits are not earthed at the high voltage side.
Low voltage side free means here, that there is no voltage present at the primary
circuits or that the primary circuits are not earthed at the low voltage side.

Controlling of earthing switch Q91:


Open and close are enabled if:
The high voltage and the low voltage sides are free and the position indications of
them are not invalid.

Controlling of star point disconnector Q92:


Open and close are always enabled.

Controlling of disconnector Q4:


Open and close are always enabled.

The disconnector Q9 is assumed to be a manually operated disconnector and this


configuration does not include any interlocking for it.

31
RET 54_ Transformer Terminal 1MRS755531

Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

6.2. On load tap changer control function

6.2.1. Features
The voltage regulator function COLTC is intended for regulating the voltage of
power transformers with on load tap changers in distribution substations. The
purpose of the regulator is to maintain stable secondary voltage of the power
transformer. The basis for this is the reference voltage, which is set by the user.

6.2.2. Description of configuration


MMIDATA5_1
COLTC_1
Own tap changer position MMIDATA5
TRUE COLTC Own tap changer lower and
ON
SINT_TO_REAL U12b U12 TIMER_ON
TAP_POS DATA
raise commands
IL1 IL1 LOWER_OWN BIO1_S_S01
IL2 IL2 RAISE_OWN BIO1_S_S02
IL3 IL3 FLLW_CTRL
IL1b IL1B OPER_MODE
IL2b IL2B COMM_CURR Manual / Auto indication
IL3b IL3B COMM_ANGL GE
TAP_POS_1 BLOCK_STATUS BIO1_5_S06
CO3DC1_1 TAP_POS_2 ALARM UINT#2
CO3DC1
TAP_POS_3
OPEN OOPEN
TAP_POS_4 COMM_OUT1
OPENENA OCLOSE
LOWER_LOCAL COMM_OUT2
CLOSE OEARTH
RAISE_LOCAL To LON horizontal communication
CLOSEENA OFREE
Tap changer control from Parallel / Single selection LOWER_FOLLOWER
remote and local EARTH AOPEN COSW2_1 Transformer current amplitude and angle
SR_1 COSW2 RAISE_FOLLOWER information for circulating current
FALSE EARTHENA ACLOSE computation
SR ON PARALLEL
BIO1_5_SO1 SET1 Q1 FREE AEARTH
USINT#1 PARAL_MODE
RESET FALSE FREEENA AFREE
AUTO_MAN
NOT BINOPEN RESERVE
BIO2_7_BI5 BLOCK
BINCLOSE
SR_2 TCO
FALSE BINEARTH
SR RSV
BIO1_5_SO2 SET1 Q1 IV
PS1_4_BI1 CONN_STATUS
RESET ACK
TR2_CURR
BLOCK
TR2_ANGL
TR3_CURR
TR3_ANGL

Manual / Auto selection Tap changer operating -information TR4_CURR


COSW1_1 MMIALAR8_1 TR4_ANGL
COSW1 OR MMIALAR8 GROUP
ON OR ON AALARM
NOT
ACK
BIO2_7_BI10 AND

BIO2_7_BI9
SWGRP15_1
SWGRP15
IN1 OUT1
IN2 OUT2
IN3 OUT3
IN4 OUT4

Reduce Set Voltage (RSV): IN5 OUT5


- SWGRP15 must be set to group input -mode IN6 OUT6
- setting group1 ==0
- setting group2 settable 0...255 IN7 OUT7
IN8 OUT8
BIO2_7_BI6 GROUP CHKSUM

COMM_IN1
From LON horizontal communication COMM_IN2

Parallel transformers amplitude and COMM_IN3


angle of current information for COMM_IN4
circulating current computation
COMM_IN5
COMM_IN6
COLTC_conf_3

Fig. 6.2.2.-1 Configuration of the on load tap changer control function for the Minimizing Circulating
Current (MCC) principle
The reference voltage, U12b is measured from the transformer low voltage side.
Three phase currents are measured from both the LV and the HV side.
The position indication of the own tap changer is measured in the Prot_1 program
and connected to the control program as a variable. The position is also visible in the
mimic view via MMIDATA5.
The manual operation of the tap changer is done via the CO3DC function block.
Although the CO3DC function block is intended to be used to control three state
disconnectors, it can with some restrictions also be used for manual tap changer

32
1MRS755531 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

operation. The earth and free states are blocked and only open and close states are
available. When the RAISE_OWN or LOWER_OWN signals activates, the
corresponding SR flip-flop is set. This gives the lower or raise indication as an
arrow beside the transformer symbol in the MIMIC view. If the tap changer operates
and the TCO input is connected, the flip-flop resets after the TCO signal goes down.
If the TCO signal is not connected, the flip-flop resets immediately after the set
signal goes down. The indication of tap changer operation is also connected to a
MIMIC LED via MMIALAR8.
The COSW1 function block is used for switching the manual or automatic mode
from the MIMIC. Manual and auto modes can also be set by binary inputs.
Setting an integer value to the RSV-input activates the reduction. Setting this input
to 1 means that a set target voltage value is decreased by 1 x "RSV step (V)".
Correspondingly, setting the value to 2 results in a reduction 2 x "RSV step (V)" etc.
The decreased value is kept as a target value as long as a non-zero value is present
in the RSV-input. This configuration is made in a way, that the coefficient, i.e. the
integer value, can be set to setting group 2 of switchgroup 15. Setting group 1 of
switchgroup 15 should left at zero. The group select setting of switchgroup 15
should be group input. As a result of this, when the binary input BIO2_7_BI6
activates, the RSV input of the COLTC contains the same integer value as in setting
group 2 of switchgroup 15. Furthermore, when the binary input deactivates, the RSV
input should contain the value zero.
When the Minimizing Circulating Current principle is used as the parallel operation
method between RET terminals, the LON horizontal communication is used as a
media. Each terminal operating in parallel mode, sends its own information of
measured primary current amplitude and angle to the other terminals. The COLTC
function enables up to four parallel transformers when using the MCC principle. The
LON horizontal communication should be configured as network bindings in the
LON Network Tool (LNT505). The next figure shows an example on how the
amplitude and angle information of the primary currents can be configured between
terminals.
The lower and raise commands for the own tap changer are connected to signal
outputs.
The output OPER_MODE is of UINT type. When the value of output is greater than
or equal to two, the tap changer control function COLTC is in automatic mode. This
information is connected to a signal output.

33
34
RET 54_

PT1 PT2 PT3 PT4


RET 54x Transformer Terminal RET 54x Transformer Terminal RET 54x Transformer Terminal RET 54x Transformer Terminal

COLTC COLTC COLTC COLTC

COMM_CURR COMM_OUT1 COMM_CURR COMM_OUT1 COMM_CURR COMM_OUT1 COMM_CURR COMM_OUT1

Fig. 6.2.2.-2
COMM_ANGL COMM_OUT2 COMM_ANGL COMM_OUT2 COMM_ANGL COMM_OUT2 COMM_ANGL COMM_OUT2

COMM_IN1 TRAFO2_CURR COMM_IN1 TRAFO2_CURR COMM_IN1 TRAFO2_CURR COMM_IN1 TRAFO2_CURR


COMM_IN2 TRAFO2_ANGL COMM_IN2 TRAFO2_ANGL COMM_IN2 TRAFO2_ANGL COMM_IN2 TRAFO2_ANGL
COMM_IN3 TRAFO3_CURR COMM_IN3 TRAFO3_CURR COMM_IN3 TRAFO3_CURR COMM_IN3 TRAFO3_CURR
COMM_IN4 TRAFO3_ANGL COMM_IN4 TRAFO3_ANGL COMM_IN4 TRAFO3_ANGL COMM_IN4 TRAFO3_ANGL
Transformer Terminal

COMM_IN5 TRAFO4_CURR COMM_IN5 TRAFO4_CURR COMM_IN5 TRAFO4_CURR COMM_IN5 TRAFO4_CURR


COMM_IN6 TRAFO4_ANGL COMM_IN6 TRAFO4_ANGL COMM_IN6 TRAFO4_ANGL COMM_IN6 TRAFO4_ANGL

MCC principle
Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

Configuration example of LON horizontal communication with


1MRS755531

LON_comm_MMC
1MRS755531 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

7. Measurement
This chapter describes the functions in the measurement (Meas) worksheet, function
by function. The task time for the Measurement POU is 40 ms.
The measurement functions used in this configuration are: HV side three-phase
current, LV side three-phase current, HV side neutral current, LV side neutral
current and LV side phase-phase voltage. The transformer oil temperature (top and
bottom) and the winding temperature are also measured.

7.1. Three-phase current measurement

7.1.1. Features
The three-phase current measurement function block measures the true RMS phase
currents; i.e. harmonics are not suppressed. Actual phase current values are
displayed in amperes and as p.u. values. The function block includes maximum and
minimum current demand supervision with adjustable time intervals. Limit value
monitoring can be used for each phase current with up to four adjustable limits.

7.1.2. Description of configuration

Transformer HV side current MMIDATA1_1


MECU3A_1 MMIDATA1
MECU3A MAX TRUE ON
IL1 IL1 IL1MEAS DATA
IL2 IL2 IL2MEAS
IL3 IL3 IL3MEAS
RESET HighWarning
HighAlarm
LowWarning
LowAlarm
ERR

Transformer LV side current MMIDATA2_1


MECU3B_1 MMIDATA2
MECU3B MAX TRUE ON
IL1b IL1 IL1MEAS DATA
IL2b IL2 IL2MEAS
IL3b IL3 IL3MEAS
RESET HighWarning
HighAlarm
LowWarning
LowAlarm
ERR

phasecurrent_meas

Fig. 7.1.2.-1 Phase current measurement functions

35
RET 54_ Transformer Terminal 1MRS755531

Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

The three phase currents from the high voltage side are connected to the inputs IL1,
IL2 and IL3 and those from the low voltage side to the inputs IL1b, IL2b and IL3b.
The maximum values of the phase currents are displayed in the MIMIC view of the
transformer terminal. All three currents measured can be monitored in the
measurement view.

7.2. Neutral current measurement

7.2.1. Features
The neutral current measurement function block measures the true RMS current, i.e.
harmonics are not suppressed. The actual current value is displayed in amperes and
as p.u. values. Limit value monitoring can be used with two adjustable limits.

7.2.2. Description of configuration

MECU1A_1
MECU1A
Io Io IoMEAS
RESET HighWarning
HighAlarm
ERR

HV_neutral_current

Fig. 7.2.2.-1 HV side neutral current measurement function


The neutral current from the HV side is connected to the input Io.

MMIDATA4_1
MECU1B_1 MMIDATA4
MECU1B TRUE ON
Iob Iob IoMEAS DATA
RESET HighWarning
HighAlarm
ERR

LV_neutral_current

Fig. 7.2.2.-2 LV side neutral current measurement function


The neutral current from the LV side is connected to the input Io. The neutral current
measured can be monitored in the measurement view of the transformer terminal.

7.3. Phase-to-phase voltage measurement

7.3.1. Features
The phase-to-phase voltage measurement function measures the true RMS phase-to-
earth or phase-to-phase voltages. Actual voltage values are displayed in volts and as
p.u. values. Limit value monitoring can be used for each voltage with up to four
adjustable limits.

36
1MRS755531 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

7.3.2. Description of configuration

MMIDATA3_1
MEVO3B_1 MMIDATA3
MEVO3B TRUE ON
U12b UL1_U12 UL1_U12MEAS DATA
UL2_U23 UL2_U23MEAS
UL3_U31 UL3_U31MEAS
RESET HighWarning
HighAlarm
LowWarning
LowAlarm
ERR

LV_primary_voltage

Fig. 7.3.2.-1 Phase-to-phase voltage measurement from the LV side


The three phase-to-phase voltage U12b is connected to the UL1_U12 input of the
MEVO3B function. The voltage UL1_U12 is displayed in the MIMIC view of the
transformer terminal. This is the voltage measured from the low voltage side.

37
RET 54_ Transformer Terminal 1MRS755531

Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

7.4. Transformer temperature measurements

7.4.1. Features
Supervision based on temperature measurement is used for condition monitoring of
the transformer oil and winding. It is configured by using the three general
measurement inputs of the RTD module.

7.4.2. Description of configuration

Transformer oil temperature measuring (top)


MEAI2_1
MEAI2
SysAI MeasOut
RTD1_6_AI2 RawAI HighWarning
RTD1_6_AI2IV IV HighAlarm
RESET LowWarning
LowAlarm
ERR

Transformer oil temperature measuring (bottom)


MEAI3_1 Transformer temperature alarm
MEAI3 MMIALAR7_1
SysAI MeasOut OR MMIALAR7
RTD1_6_AI3 RawAI HighWarning ON AALARM
RTD1_6_AI3IV IV HighAlarm ACK
RESET LowWarning
LowAlarm
ERR

Transformer winding temperature measuring


MEAI4_1
MEAI4
SysAI MeasOut
RTD1_6_AI4 RawAI HighWarning
RTD1_6_AI4IV IV HighAlarm
RESET LowWarning
LowAlarm
ERR

temperature_meas

Fig. 7.4.2.-1 Transformer temperature measurement functions


The three temperature sensor inputs are connected to the RawAI inputs of the
function block.
The HighAlarm signal is used to obtain the condition-monitoring alarm of the oil
and winding temperatures. This alarm is connected to alarm channel 7 in the MIMIC
via the MMIALAR7 function block.

38
1MRS755531 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

8. Condition Monitoring
This chapter describes the functions in the condition monitoring (CondMon)
worksheets, function by function. The task time for the condition monitoring POU
is 100 ms.
The condition monitoring functions used in this configuration are trip circuit
supervision for both the HV and the LV sides.

8.1. Trip circuit supervision

8.1.1. Features
The trip coil control and measuring circuits are continuously supervised regarding
interruptions. In case of an interruption, an alarm is issued. The function block does
not perform the supervision itself but it is used as an aid for configuration. The
functional part belongs mainly to the self-supervision tasks of the PS_ card.
It should be noticed that for reliable operation, only one trip circuit supervision
function can be located into the corresponding trip circuit.
If the interrupted trip circuit alarm is unwanted under controlled circumstances, a
free binary input can be used to indicate an open truck. This binary input shall then
be connected to the BS input of the CMTCS function block. This procedure requires
the configuration to be modified.

8.1.2. Description of configuration

HV Trip circuit supervision


CMTCS1_1
CMTCS1
PS1_4_TCS1 TCSSTATE ALARM
BS

LV Trip circuit supervision


CMTCS2_1 OR
CMTCS2
PS1_4_TCS2 TCSSTATE ALARM
BS

TCS

Fig. 8.1.2.-1 Trip circuit supervision functions


The output relay PS1_4_HSPO1 includes the trip circuit supervision function.
Alarm for trip circuit supervision is connected to one of the HMI alarm LEDs.

39
RET 54_ Transformer Terminal 1MRS755531

Power transformer with tap changer and parallel operation

8.2. Alarms in the MIMIC alarm channels

8.2.1. Features
Condition monitoring of alarms includes functions to supervise faults and alarms in
primary components like the power transformers. Especially the primary protective
devices of the power transformers are monitored.

8.2.2. Description of configuration

MMIALAR1_1
MMIALAR1
BIO2_7_BI1 ON AALARM
Transformer gas relay(buchholz) tripped
ACK

MMIALAR2_1
MMIALAR2
BIO2_7_BI2 ON AALARM
Transformer thermal relay tripped
ACK

MMIALAR3_1
MMIALAR3
BIO2_7_BI3 ON AALARM
Transformer oil level relay tripped
ACK

MMIALAR4_1
MMIALAR4
BIO2_7_BI4 ON AALARM
Transformer pressure relay tripped
ACK

MMIALAR5_1
MMIALAR5
ON AALARM
Trip circuit fault
ACK

OR
TRAFO_PROT_SUM_ALARM

Sum alarm of protection

mimic_alarms3

Fig. 8.2.2.-1 Mimic alarm channels


The alarm inputs are connected to MMIALAR function blocks and the collected
realarm of the transformer primary protective functions alarms is connected to a
signal output.

40
1MRS755531 EN 01.2005

ABB Oy
Distribution Automation
P.O. Box 699
FI-65101 Vaasa
FINLAND
Tel. +358 10 22 11
Fax. +358 10 224 1094
www.abb.com/substationautomation

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