Hydraulic Machines Pictures

Feb. 22 .2017

Prepared for

Prof. Omar Mohamed Anwar Abdel Hafez Mohamed

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Assiut University

Prepared by

Ahmed Sameer Mohamed Ramadan

3rd year Mechanical Engineering, Assiut University
A rotodynamic pump is a kinetic machine in which energy is continuously imparted to the pumped fluid by means of a
rotating impeller, propeller, or rotor. The most common types of rotodynamic pumps are axial flow, mixed flow, and
centrifugal pumps (radial flow). Centrifugal pumps are the most common rotodynamic pump used today because they
serve a wide range of applications and have a long history of safe and reliable operation.

Overhung (OH) Pumps

In this group, the impeller(s) is mounted on the end of a shaft that is cantilevered or
overhung from its bearing supports. These pumps are either close coupled, where
the impeller is mounted directly on the driver shaft; or separately coupled, where
the impeller is mounted on a separate pump shaft supported by its own bearings.
 Between Bearings (BB) Pumps
In this group, the impeller(s) is mounted on a shaft with bearings at both ends. The impeller(s) is mounted between
these bearings. These pumps may be further identified as one- and two-stage or multistage configurations.

Vertically Suspended (VS) Pumps

Rotodynamic vertical pumps are kinetic machines in which energy is continuously imparted to the pumped fluid by
means of an impeller, propeller, or rotor having a vertical axis of rotation. Within these broad types there are many
design variations in both horizontal axis and vertical axis configurations. Historically a particular group within this
pump category has been called vertical turbine pumps. Vertical turbine pumps typically use radial, modified radial or
mixed flow impellers.
A Positive Displacement Pump has an expanding cavity on the suction side and a decreasing
cavity on the discharge side. Liquid flows into the pumps as the cavity on the suction side
expands and the liquid flows out of the discharge as the cavity collapses. The volume is a
constant given each cycle of operation.

The positive displacement pumps can be divided in two main classes

reciprocating

rotary

The positive displacement principle applies whether the pump is a

rotary lobe
pump
 progressing cavity pump

rotary gear pump

piston pump

diaphragm pump

screw pump

gear pump

vane pump

regenerative (peripheral) pump

peristaltic

A Positive Displacement Pump, unlike a Centrifugal or Roto-dynamic Pump, will produce the
same flow at a given speed (RPM) no matter the discharge pressure.

A Positive Displacement Pumps is a "constant flow machine"

A Positive Displacement Pump must never operate against closed valves on the discharge side
of the pump - it has no shut-off head like Centrifugal Pumps. A Positive Displacement Pump
operating against closed discharge valves continues to produce flow until the pressure in the
discharge line is increased until the line bursts or the pump is severely damaged - or both.

A relief or safety valve on the discharge side of the Positive Displacement Pump is absolute
necessary. The relief valve can be internal or external the pump. An internal valve should in
general only be used as a safety precaution. An external relief valve installed in the discharge
line with a return line back to the suction line or supply tank is highly recommended.

Reciprocating Pumps

Typical reciprocating pumps are

plunger pumps

diaphragm pumps

Plunger pumps consists of a cylinder with a reciprocating plunger in it. In the head of the
cylinder the suction and discharge valves are mounted. In the suction stroke the plunger retracts
and the suction valves opens causing suction of fluid into the cylinder. In the forward stroke the
plunger push the liquid out the discharge valve.
With only one cylinder the fluid flow varies between maximum flow when the plunger moves
through the middle positions, and zero flow when the plunger is in the end positions. A lot of
energy is wasted when the fluid is accelerated in the piping system. Vibration and "water
hammers" may be a serious problem. In general the problems are compensated by using two or
more cylinders not working in phase with each other.

In a diaphragm pump the plunger pressurizes hydraulic oil which is used to flex a diaphragm in
the pumping cylinder. Diaphragm pumps are used to pump hazardous and toxic fluids.

Rotary Pumps

Typical rotary pumps are

gear pumps

lobe pumps

vane pumps

progressive cavity pumps

peripheral pumps

screw pumps

In a gear pump the liquid is trapped by the opening between the gear teeth of two identical
gears and the chasing of the pump on the suction side. On the pressure side the fluid is
squeezed out when the teeth of the two gears are rotated against each other.

A lobe pump operates similar to a gear pump, but with two lobes driven by external timing
gears. The lobes do not make contact.

A progressive cavity pump consist of a metal rotor rotating within an elastomer-lined or elastic
stator. When the rotor turns progressive chambers from suction end to discharge end are
formed between the rotor and stator, moving the fluid.
Basic Comparison - Centrifugal Pumps
Vs. Positive Displacement Pumps
Centrifugal Positive Displacement
Captures confined amounts of liquid and
Imparts velocity to the liquid resulting in a
transfers it from the suction to the
Mechanics pressure at the outlet (pressure is created
discharge port (flow is created and pressure
and flow results).
results).
Performance Flow varies with changing pressure. Flow is constant with changing pressure.
Efficiency decreases with increasing
viscosity due to frictional losses inside the Efficiency increases with increasing
Viscosity
pump (typically not used on viscosities abov viscosity.
e850 cSt).
Efficiency peaks at best-efficiency-point. At
Efficiency increases with increasing
Efficiency higher or lower pressures, efficiency
pressure.
decreases.
Liquid must be in the pump to create a
Inlet Negative pressure is created at the inlet
pressure differential. A dry pump will not
Conditions port. A dry pump will prime on its own.
prime on its own.
References

http://www.pumps.org/Pump_Fundamentals/Rotodynamic.aspx

http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/positive-displacement-pumps-d_414.html