LAB REPORT # 2

DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

HOT AIR BLOWER CONTROL SYSTEM

MATHEMATICAL MODEL

SUBMITTED BY
Rummaan Bin Amir

Abdul Hannan Basit

Sana Ullah

Talha Azfar

SUBMITTED TO
Sir Abid

DATE
8th Oct, 2015
SYSTEM MODEL
We have the following simplified model of the system:

Writing an energy balance equation:

Heat Stored In The System = Heat Input Heat Exhaust

Putting the values in the equation:

d dT
( VcT ) Vc P cQT
dt dt

Where,

c = specific heat of air (Joule per Kilogram Kelvin)

Q = flow rate (meter3/sec)
= density (kilograms per meter3, g/cm3 )
P = power (Watt)
V = volume from heater to bead thermistor (m3)
T = temperature

Now, we get the following first order differential equation:

dT Q 1
T T ( )P
dt V Vc

Taking Laplace Transform:

Q 1
sT ( s) ( )T ( s) ( )P
V Vc
Simplifying:

Q 1
(s )T ( s ) ( ) P( s)
V Vc
1
T ( s) Vc

P( s) s Q
V

Converting to standard form:

1
T (s) pQc

P(s) (V )s 1
Q

which is the transfer function of the hot-air blower control system where T(s) is the output
temperature and P(s) is the input heat to the system.

Also, since the sensor is physically located at a certain distance from the heat source, the sensor
output responds to a temperature change with a pure time delay d , which is the time taken
by the flowing heated air to cover the distance between the heater and the sensor. Thus the
transfer function between the heaters input voltage and the sensor output voltage is,

Vo ( s ) ke d s

Vi ( s ) s 1

Which signifies a first order system with k being the DC gain of the system and the term e d s
introduced due to transport delay of the fluid under consideration. The term ( s 1) 1 arises due
to the heat transfer dynamics called transfer delay.