History and sport: the story of cricket

Historical development of cricket as a game in England-

Cricket was the earliest modern team sport which gave itself rules and
regulations. The first written law of cricket were drawn up in 1744.it stated that
the principals shall choose from amongst the gentlemen present two umpires
who shall absolutely decide all disputes. The stumps must be 22 inches high and
the bail across them six inches. The ball must be between 5 and 6 ounces, and
the two sets of stumps 22 yard apart.

The worlds first cricket club was formed in hambledon in the 1760s and the
Marylebone cricket club (MCC) was formed in 1787.during 1760s and 1770s it
became common to pitch the ball through the air, rather than roll it along the
ground. The weight of the ball was limited to between 5 to 5 ounce, and the
width of the bat to four inches. By 1780, three days had become the length of a
major match, and the creation of the first ix-seam ball .

Originally, cricket matches had no limit. Cricket was played on the country side,
the size of the country side varied from one village to another. Games that were
codified after the industrial revolution like football were strictly time limited.
Crickets most important tools are all made of natural, pre-industrial materials.
The bat is made of wood as are stumps and the bails.

Cricket and Victorian England:

The rich who could afford to play It for pleasure were called amateurs and the
poor who played it for a living were called professionals. The wages of
professionals were paid by patronage .the game was seasonal. Amateurs were
called gentlemen while professionals and professionals described as players.
Amateurs wanted to be batsmen, leaving the energetic aspect of game like fast
bowling to the professionals. Captains of teams were always amateurs.

The English boarding school was the institution that trained English boys for
career in the military, the civil services and the church. Thomas Arnold saw the
team sport like cricket and rugby not just and outdoor play, but as an organised
way of teaching English boys the discipline, the skills, the codes of honour etc.it
was the English lead the trade and industry that made Britain the worlds
greatest power, but it suited the British ruling class to believe that it was the
superior character of its young men, built in boarding schools, playing
gentlemanly games like cricket.

The spread of cricket-

Cricket remained a colonial game, limited to countries that had once been part of
the British Empire. While the British imperial brought the game to the colonies,
they spread the game especially in India and West Indies. Playing cricket became
a sign of superior social ad racial status and the first non-white club established.
Black people played an enormous amount of informal cricket on beaches. When
the West Indies won its first test series against England in 1950 it was celebrated
as a national achievement. The West Indian team that won was captained by a
white player.

Cricket, race and religion:

Cricket in colonial India was organised on the principle of race and religion. The
first cricket being played in India is from 1721 in Cambay. The first Indian club,
the Calcutta cricket club, was established in 1792.cricket in India was played by
British military men and civil servants in gymkhanas. The first Indian community
to start playing the game was the Zoroastrians, the parsis. the parsis founded
the first Indian cricket club, the oriental cricket club in Bombay in 1848.parsis
were funded by tatas and wadias. There was a quarrel between the Bombay
gymkhana and parsi cricketers over the use of public parks. A parsi team beat
the Bombay gymkhana at cricket in 1889.

Indians were establishing clubs on religious community. By the 1890s Hindus and
Muslims were busy gathering funds and support for Hindu gymkhana and an
Islam gymkhana. Cricket were being organised on communal and racial lines.
The tournament was initially called the quadrangular, because it was played by
four teams: the Europeans, the parsis, the Hindus and the muslims.it later
became pentagular when a fifth team was added namely rest.
Mahatma Gandhi condemned the pentangular as a communally divisive
competition.

Modern transformation of cricket-

Modern cricket is dominated by tests and one day internationals, played between
national teams. The players who become famous, who lived on in the memories
of crickets public, are those who have played for their country.
India entered the world of test cricket in 1932.the first test was played between
England and Australia.
Decolonisation and sport:
With the decolonisation, britishers had lost their influence on trade, military and
sports.
Even after Indian independence, cricket remained the business of the imperial
cricket conference ICC. the ICC renamed as International Cricket Conference
.England and Australia retained the right of veto over its proceedings. test
playing nations boycotted south Africa because it was racial state.

Commerce, media and cricket today-

The 1970s were the decade in which cricket was transformed.1970 was a
landmark year because the first one-day international was played between
England and Australia in Melbourne. The enormous popularity of the game led to
the first world cup being successfully organised in 1975.in1977, cricket
celebrated 100 years of test matches.
Kerry packer saw the money making potential of cricket as a televised sport,
signed up fifty one the worlds leading cricketers for about 2 years staged
unofficial tests and one-day internationals under the name of world series
cricket.
Coloured dress, protective helmets, cricket under lights became a standard part
of the post packer game. Cricket boards became rich by selling television rights
to television channels.
Television coverage changed cricket. Children who had never previously had a
chance to watch international cricket,could now watch and learn.
The technology of satellite television and the world wide reach of multi national
television companies created a global market.india had a large viewship for the
game and the largest market in the cricketing world.this shift was symbolized by
the shifting of the ICC headquarters from London to to dubai.
Pakistan had discovered two bowling styles,the doosra and the reverse swing.