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From Toolbox: Excel Templates

Listed: September 2003

Spreadsheet Templates For Fire Dynamics Calculations

(c) 2003 Frederick W. Mowrer all rights reserved

Author:
Frederick W. Mowrer, Ph.D.
Department of Fire Protection Engineering
University of Maryland at College Park
College Park, MD 20742

This Excel workbook contains a number of templates for

calculating different aspects of building fire dynamics.
For documentation and references see Mowrer; Spreadsheet
Templates for Fire Dynamics Calculations. Listed in the
Fire Risk Forum RiskTOOLS - Reports Section
http://www.fireriskforum.com/risktools/

Notice to Users:
These spreadsheet templates are provided as-is.
No representations or warranties are made regarding their
suitability for a particular application. The author of these templates
has no control over their application and therefore accepts no
responsibility for their use. The author believes the templates
accurately perform the calculations described in the documentation,
but it is the responsibility of the user to confirm that the template is
performing the calculations anticipated by the user. It should be
recognized that the calculations performed by these templates
incorporate certain assumptions and approximations regarding the
chemical and physical processes being modeled. People using
and reviewing calculations performed with these templates should
be familiar with the limitations associated with their use.
ATRIATMP.XLS: Estimate of atrium smoke temperature

INPUT PARAMETERS
HEIGHT (Z) 6 m
HRR (Q) 5000 kW
CALCULATED PARAMETERS
TEMP RISE (dT) 60 C
MAX Q 29364 kW
BUOYHEAD.XLS: Buoyant gas head, velocity and flow caused by a smoke layer

INPUT PARAMETERS
ELEVATION DIFFERENCE (Z) 2 m
SMOKE TEMPERATURE (Tu) 200 C
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (To) 20 C
CALCULATED PARAMETERS
PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL (dP) 9.0 Pascals
GAS VELOCITY (v) 3.2 m/s
UNIT MASS FLOW RATE (M") 2.38 kg/s/m2
BURNRATE.XLS: Estimate of fuel burning rate history

INPUT PARAMETERS CALCULATED PARAMETERS

FUEL Polyurethane foam
FUEL DENSITY (p) 25 kg/m3
HEAT OF COMB (dHc) 30 MJ/kg FIRE AREA (Af) 7.07 m2
FUEL QUANTITY (V) 5000 liters FUEL DEPTH (d) 707.36 mm
FIRE DIAMETER (D) 3 m ENERGY CONTENT (E) 3750.00 MJ
PEAK UNIT HRR (Q") 1000 kW/m2 PEAK HRR (Qmax) 7069 kW
FIRE GROWTH RATE (k) 0.4 kW/s2 BURNOUT TIME (tbo) 531 s

TIME (s) HRR (kW)

0.0 0 BURNRATE
106.1 4503 8000
212.2 7069
6000
318.3 7069

HRR (kW)
424.4 7069 4000
530.5 7069
636.6 2565 2000
742.7 0 0
848.8 0 0.0 500.0 1000.0 1500.0
954.9 0
Time (s)
1061.0 0
CJTEMP.XLS: Estimate of temperature rise in unconfined and confined ceiling jets
Version 2. (1/23/97)
INPUT PARAMETERS
HEAT RELEASE RATE(Q) 800 kW
CONVECTIVE FRACTION (Xc) 0.7 -
CEILING HEIGHT (H) 2.7 m
RADIAL DISTANCE (R) 5.4 m
FIRE LOCATION FACTOR (kLF) 1 -
ROOM LENGTH (L) 9.15 m
ROOM WIDTH (W) 4.27 m
CALCULATED PARAMETERS
CONVECTIVE HRR (Qc) 560 kW
FLAME HEIGHT (Zfl) 2.9 m
PLUME TEMP. RISE @ CEILING(dTpl) 412 C
UNCONFINED CEILING JET TEMP. RISE (dTcj) 78 C
CONFINED CEILING JET TEMP. RISE (dTcj) 90 C
HOT GAS LAYER TIME (tHGL) 44 s
FIRE LOCATION FACTORS kLF
FIRE IN OPEN 1
FIRE ALONG WALL 2
FIRE IN CORNER 4
DETACT.XLS: Estimate of the response time of ceiling mounted fire detectors
INPUT PARAMETERS CALCULATED PARAMETERS
Calculation reset 1 0 or 1 R/H 4 -
Ceiling height (H) 3 m W/H 4 -
Room width (W) 12 m Temperature factor 0.11906 -
Radial distance (R) 12 m Velocity factor 0.16379 -
Ambient temperature (To) 20 C Calculation time (t) Err:522 s
Actuation temperature (Ta) 57 C Fire HRR (Q) Err:522 kW
Rate of rise rating (ROR) 8.3 C/min Gas temperature (Tg) Err:522 C
Response time index (RTI) 124 (m-s)1/2 Gas velocity (Ug) Err:522 m/s
Fire growth power (n) 2 - ROR at detector Err:522 C/min
Fire growth coefficient (k) 0.047 kW/s^n Detector temp (Td) Err:522 C
Fire location factor (kLF) 1 - Detection trigger Err:522 Err:522

Representative t2 coeff. k CALCULATION RESULTS FT ROR

Slow 0.003 Transport lag time (tl) 53 53 s
Medium 0.012 Detection time (td) Err:522 Err:522 s
Fast 0.047 HRR at detection (Qd) Err:522 Err:522 kW
Ultrafast 0.400 HRR w/transport lag (Ql+d) Err:522 Err:522 kW
< Press PgDn key for additional results >

Calculation time (s) HRR Gas temp Det. temp

0 0 20 20
30 Err:522 Err:522 Err:522
60 Err:522 Err:522 Err:522
90 Err:522 Err:522 Err:522
120 Err:522 Err:522 Err:522
150 Err:522 Err:522 Err:522
180 Err:522 Err:522 Err:522
210 Err:522 Err:522 Err:522
240 Err:522 Err:522 Err:522

DETACT

Gas temp Det. temp HRR

25 1

20 1

15 1
TEM P (C)

HRR (k W)

10 0

5 0

0 0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
TIM E (s)
 DETACT

Gas temp Det. temp HRR

25 1

20 1

15 1
TEM P (C)

HRR (k W)
1

10 0

5 0

0 0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
TIM E (s)
FLAMSPRD.XLS: Calculation of lateral flame spread velocity

INPUT PARAMETERS
SURFACE TEMPERATURE (Ts) 185 C
IGNITION TEMPERATURE (Tig) 385 C
FLAME SPREAD PARAMETER (PHI/kpc) 43 K2m/s
CALCULATED PARAMETERS
FLAME SPREAD VELOCITY (Vfl) 0.001075 m/s

REPRESENTATIVE FLAME SPREAD PARAMETER VALUES:

MATERIAL PHI/kpc Tig Ts,min
WOOD PANEL (S178M) 43 385 155
PLYWOOD, PLAIN (1/4 in) 16 390 170
PLYWOOD, PLAIN (1/2 in) 24 390 120
PLYWOOD, FR (1/2 in) * 620 620
PARTICLEBOARD, DOUGLAS FIR (1/2 in) 14 382 210
PARTICLEBOARD (1/2 in stock) 5 412 275
CHIPBOARD (S118M) 11 390 180
FIBERBOARD, LOW DENSITY (S119M) 42 330 90
FIBER INSULATION BOARD 5 355 210
HARDBOARD (1/8 in) 12 365 40
HARDBOARD (1/4 in) 2 298 170
HARDBOARD (S159M) 18 372 80
HARDBOARD (GLOSS PAINT) (1/8 in) 3 400 320
HARDBOARD (nitrocellulose paint) 12 400 180
GYPSUM BOARD (1/2 in) 32 565 425
GYPSUM BOARD, FR (1/2 in) 23 510 300
GYPSUM BOARD, WALLPAPER (S142M) 1 412 240
PMMA POLYCAST (1.6 mm) 8 278 120
PMMA TYPE G (1/2 in) 14 378 90
POLYCARBONATE (1.5 mm) 13 528 455
POLYURETHANE (S353M) 82 280 105
PU FOAM, FLEXIBLE (1 in) 37 390 120
PU FOAM, RIGID (1 in) 141 435 215
POLYISOCYANURATE (2 in) 201 445 275
GLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC (2.2 mm) 31 390 80
GLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC (1.1 mm) 6 400 365
CARPET (acrylic) 24 300 165
CARPET (Nylon/Wool blend) 16 412 265
CARPET #1 (Wool, stock) 17 465 450
CARPET #2 (Wool, untreated) 30 435 335
CARPET #2 (Wool, treated) 4 455 365
FLASHOVR.XLS: Estimates of the HRR needed to cause flashover(F/O)

INPUT PARAMETERS
ROOM LENGTH (L) 3.7 m
ROOM WIDTH (W) 2.4 m
ROOM HEIGHT (H) 2.4 m
OPENING WIDTH (Wo) 0.76 m
OPENING HEIGHT (Ho) 2.03 m
BOUNDARY CONDUCTIVITY (k) 0.00048 kW/m.K
BOUNDARY THICKNESS (d) 0.016 m
CALCULATED PARAMETERS
BOUNDARY SURFACE AREA (At) 45.50 m2
VENTILATION FACTOR 2.20 m^5/2
BABRAUSKAS F/O PREDICTION 1649 kW
MQH F/O PREDICTION 1057 kW
THOMAS F/O PREDICTION 1198 kW
FUELDATA.WQ1: Thermophysical and burning rate data for some common fuels
IDEAL MASS YIELDS MEASURED YIELDS
CHEM. FORMULA OVER VENTILATED OVER VENTILATED UNDER VENT.
FUEL C H O N Cl MW r rho(l) m" dHc Q" dHv T(boil) Cp(l) LFL UFL f(CO2) f(H2O) f(HCl) f(CO2) f(CO) Dm f(CO) Dm
ALKANES
Methane 1 4 16 17.16 50.03 - -162 5.3 15 2.75 2.25 0 0.175
Ethane 2 6 30 16 47.49 - -88.6 3 12.5 2.9333 1.8 0 2.9 0.001 0.024
Propane 3 8 44 15.6 46.36 - -42.2 2.2 9.5 3 1.6364 0 2.85 0.005 0.081 0.229
Butane 4 10 58 15.38 573 0.078 45.72 3566 - -0.5 2.3 1.9 8.4 3.0345 1.5517 0 2.88 0.006 0.155
Pentane 5 12 72 15.25 44.98 0.357 36 2.33 1.4 7.8 3.0556 1.5 0
Hexane 6 14 86 15.16 650 0.074 44.74 3311 0.335 68.7 2.24 1.2 7.4 3.0698 1.4651 0 0.195
Heptane 7 16 100 15.1 675 0.101 44.56 4501 0.316 98.4 2.2 1.2 6.7 3.08 1.44 0 2.86 0.01 0.19
Octane 8 18 114 15.05 44.44 0.301 125.6 2.2 0.8 3.2 3.0877 1.4211 0 2.84 0.011 0.196
Nonane 9 20 128 15 44.33 0.295 150.6 2.1 0.7 2.9 3.0938 1.4063 0
Decane 10 22 142 15 44.24 0.276 174.1 2.19 0.6 5.4 3.0986 1.3944 0
Kerosene 14 30 198 14.91 820 0.039 44 1716 232 0.6 5.6
Hexadecane 16 34 226 14.88 43.95 0.226 286.7 2.22 3.115 1.354 0
ALCOHOLS
Methanol 1 4 1 32 6.435 796 0.017 19.94 339 1.101 64.8 2.37 6.7 36.5 1.375 1.125 0 1.3 0.001 0.236
Ethanol 2 6 1 46 8.953 794 0.015 26.81 402 0.837 78.5 2.43 3.3 19 1.913 1.1739 0 1.86 0.002 0.219
Propanol 3 8 1 60 10.3 30.68 0.686 97.2 2.23 2.2 13.5 2.2 1.2 0 2.13 0.002 0.168
Butanol 4 10 1 74 11.13 1.4 11.3 2.3784 1.2162 0
Amyl alcohol 5 12 1 88 11.7 34.49 0.501 132 2.9 1.2 10 2.5 1.2273 0
ALKENES
Ethylene 2 4 28 14.71 47.17 - -104 2.38 2.7 28.6 3.1429 1.2857 0 2.86 0.013 0.201
Propylene 3 6 42 14.71 45.79 - -47.7 2.1 11.1 3.1429 1.2857 0 2.8 0.02 0.229 0.2
Butene 4 8 56 14.71 45.31 - -6.2 1.6 9.9 3.1429 1.2857 0
Pentene 5 10 70 14.71 44.64 0.359 30 2.16 1.4 9.7 3.1429 1.2857 0
Hexene 6 12 84 14.71 44.44 0.333 63.5 2.18 3.1429 1.2857 0
Heptene 7 14 98 14.71 44.31 0.317 93.6 2.17 3.1429 1.2857 0
Octene 8 16 112 14.71 44.2 0.301 121.3 2.19 3.1429 1.2857 0
ALKYNES and DIENES
Acetylene 2 2 26 13.2 48.22 - -84 3.3846 0.6923 0 2.57 0.045 0.315
Propyne 3 4 40 13.73 46.17 - -23.3 3.3 0.9 0
Propadiene 3 4 40 13.73 46.35 - -34.6 3.3 0.9 0
Butadiene 4 6 54 14 45.51 - 10.8 3.2593 1 0 2.41 0.048 0.319
Pentadiene 5 8 68 14.13 44.71 0.405 44.9 2.21 3.2353 1.0588 0
AROMATICS
FUELDATA.WQ1: Thermophysical and burning rate data for some common fuels
Benzene 6 6 78 13.2 740 0.048 40.14 0.389 80.1 1.72 1.2 7.1 3.3846 0.6923 0 2.3 0.065 0.361
Toluene 7 8 92 13.43 40.52 0.36 110.4 1.67 1.3 6.8 3.3478 0.7826 0 0.107
Xylene 8 10 106 13.6 870 0.09 40.82 0.343 140 1.72 1.1 7 3.3208 0.8491 0
FUELDATA.WQ1: Thermophysical and burning rate data for some common fuels
|::
KETONES
Acetone 3 6 1 58 9.468 28.56 0.501 56.5 2.12 2.6 12.8 2.2759 0.931 0 2.21 0.003 0.304
MEK 4 8 1 72 10.49 31.46 0.434 79.6 2.3 1.8 9.5 2.4444 1 0 2.37 0.003
POLYMERS
Cellulose (pine) 6 10 5 162 5.084 16.12 1.16 1.6296 0.5556 0 1.3 0.004 0.038 0.138
Melamine 6 6 6 162 6.356 18.52 1.46 1.6296 0.3333 0
Nylon 6 6 11 1 1 113 10 29 1.52 2.3363 0.8761 0 2.06 0.038 0.23
Polyester 6 6 2 102 8.809 25 1.75 2.4996 0.5538 0 1.65 0.07
Polyethylene 2 4 28 14.71 43.2 2.05 3.1429 1.2857 0 2.76 0.024 0.23 0.18
Polypropylene 3 6 42 14.71 905 0.018 43.23 2.1 3.1429 1.2857 0 2.79 0.024 0.24
Polystyrene 8 8 104 13.2 1050 0.034 39.7 1.4 3.3846 0.6923 0 2.33 0.06 0.335
Polyurethane 6.3 7.1 2.1 1 130.3 7.401 22.7 1.8 2.1274 0.4904 0 1.55 0.01 0.3
PMMA 5 8 2 100 8.237 1184 0.02 24.88 1.44 2.2 0.72 0 2.12 0.01 0.109 0.189
PVC 2 3 1 62.5 6.04 16.9 1.05 1.408 0.288 0.584 0.46 0.063 0.4
FUELDATA.WQ1: Thermophysical and burning rate data for some common fuels
|::
STORED COMMODITIES Q" tg (s)
1. Wood pallets, stacked 1-1/2 ft high (6-12% moisture) 1419 150-310
2. Wood pallets, stacked 5 ft high (6-12% moisture) 3973 90-190
3. Wood pallets, stacked 10 ft high (6-12% moisture) 6810 80-110
4. Wood pallets, stacked 16 ft high (6-12% moisture) ### 75-105
5. Mail bags, filled, stacked 5 ft high 397 190
6. Cartons, compartmented, stacked 15 ft high 1703 60
7. PE letter trays, filled, stacked 5 ft high on cart 8513 180
8. PE trash barrels in cartons, stacked 15 ft high 1986 55
9. PE fiberglass shower stalls in cartons, stacked 15 ft high 1419 85
10. PE bottles packed in item 6 6243 85
11. PE bottles in cartons, stacked 15 ft high 1986 75
12. PU insulation board, rigid foam, stacked 15 ft high 1930 8
13. PS jars packed in item 6 ### 55
14. PS tubs nested in cartons, stacked 14 ft high 5391 120
15. PS toy parts in cartons, stacked 15 ft high 2043 125
16. PS insulation board, rigid foam, stacked 14 ft high 3292 6
17. PVC bottles packed in item 6 3405 95
18. PP tubs packed in item 6 4427 100
19. PP & PE film in rolls, stacked 14 ft high 6243 40
FUELDATA.WQ1: Thermophysical and burning rate data for some common fuels
|::
FURNITURE (BABRAUSKAS AND KRASNY, 1985)
STYLE ID MASS FUEL FRAME PADDING FABRIC INTERLINERm(pk) Q(pk)
Easy chair C12 18 17 Wood Cotton Nylon - 19 290
Easy chair F22 32 Wood Cotton (FR) Cotton - 25 370
Easy chair F23 31 Wood Cotton (FR) Olefin - 42 700
Easy chair F27 29 Wood Mixed Cotton - 58 920
Easy chair F28 29 Wood Mixed Cotton - 42 730
Easy chair CO213 12 Wood Cotton,PU Olefin - 13.2 800
Easy chair CO314 13 Wood Cotton,PU Cotton - 17.5 460
Easy chair CO113 12 Wood Cotton,PU Cotton - 17.5 260
Easy chair CO412 11 Wood PU Nylon - 75.7 1350
Easy chair C16 19 18 Wood PU Nylon Neoprene #N/A 180
Easy chair F25 28 Wood PU Olefin - 80 1990
Easy chair T66 23 Wood PU,polyester Cotton - 27.7 640
Easy chair F21 28 Wood PU(FR) Olefin - 83 1970
Easy chair F24 28 Wood PU(FR) Cotton - 46 700
Easy chair C13 19 18 Wood PU Nylon Neoprene 15 230
Easy chair C14 22 21 Wood PU Olefin Neoprene 13.7 220
Easy chair C15 22 21 Wood PU Olefin Neoprene 13.1 210
Easy chair T49 16 Wood PU Cotton - 14.3 210
Easy chair F26 19 Wood PU(FR) Olefin - 61 810
Loveseat F33 39 Wood Mixed Cotton - 75 940
Loveseat F31 40 Wood PU(FR) Olefin - 130 2890
Sofa F32 52 Wood PU(FR) OLefin - 145 3120
Loveseat T57 55 Wood PU,cotton PVC - 61.9 1100
Office chair T56 11 Wood Latex PVC - 3.1 80
Foam block chair CO917 16 Wood (part) PU, polyesterPU - 19.9 460
Easy chair CO7 11 11 PS foam PU PU - 38 960
Pedestal chair C10 12 8.6 Rigid PU PU PU - 15.2 240
Foam block chair C11 14 14 - PU Nylon - #N/A 810
Easy chair F29 14 PP foam PU Olefin - 72 1950
Easy chair F30 25 Rigid PU PU Olefin - 41 1060
Ped. swivel chair CO816 15 Molded PE PU PVC - 112 830
Bean bag chair CO57.3 7.3 - PS PVC - 22.2 370
Foam back chair CO620 20 - PU Acrylic - 151 2480
Wait. room chair T50 17 Metal Cotton PVC - #N/A <10
FUELDATA.WQ1: Thermophysical and burning rate data for some common fuels
Wait. room chair T53 16 1.9 Metal PU PVC - 13.1 270
Loveseat T54 27 5.8 Metal PU PVC - 19.9 370
Stack chairs (4) T75 7.5 (x4) 2.6 Metal PU PVC - 7.2 160
FUELDATA.WQ1: Thermophysical and burning rate data for some common fuels
|::
CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPICAL FURNISHINGS AS IGNITION SOURCES (BABRAUSKAS AND KRASNY, 1985)
ITEM MASS Qtot (MJ) Qmax (kW) COMMENT
Waste paper baskets 0.73-1. 0.7-7.3 4-18
Curtains, cotton velvet 1.9 24 160-240
Curtains, acrylic/cotton 1.4 15-16 130-150
TV sets 27-33 145-150 120-290
Christmas trees, dry - 6 ft. 6.5-7.4 11-41 500-650
CHARACTERISTICS OF IGNITION SOURCES (BABRAUSKAS AND KRASNY, 1985)
ITEM Mass (g) Q (kW) (typ.) Burn time (s) COMMENT
Cigarette 1.1 0.005 1200 Not puffed
Methenamine pill 0.15 0.045 90 Used for carpet "pill" test
Match, wooden 0.08 20-30 Laid on solid surface
Wood cribs (BS 5852 Part 2)
No. 4 8.5 1 190
No. 5 17 1.9 200
No. 6 60 2.6 190
No. 7 126 6.4 350
Crumpled brown lunch bag 6 1.2 80
Crumpled wax paper (tight) 4.5 1.8 25
Crumpled wax paper (loose) 4.5 5.3 20
Folded double-sheet newspaper 22 4 100 Bottom ignition
Crumpled double-sheet newspaper 22 7.4 40 Top ignition
Crumpled double-sheet newspaper 22 17 20 Bottom ignition
Polyethylene wastebasket 285 50 200 Filled with 12 milk cartons (390 g)
Plastic trash bags filled with trash 1.2-14 120-350 200 Depends on packing density
GASCONQS.XLS: Estimate of gas species concentrations under quasi-steady fire conditions

INPUT PARAMETERS
FUEL FLOW RATE (mf) 0.01 kg/s
FUEL HEAT OF COMB. (dHc) 44 MJ/kg
CO2 YIELD FACTOR (fCO2) 2.7 g/g fuel
CO YIELD FACTOR (fCO) 0.1 g/g fuel
H20 YIELD FACTOR (fH2O) 1.6 g/g fuel
HCl YIELD FACTOR (fHCl) 0 g/g fuel
AIR FLOW RATE (ma) 0.4 kg/s
CALCULATED PARAMETERS
FLOW EQUIVALENCE RATIO (PHI) 0.3666667 OVERVENTILATED
FIRE HEAT RELEASE RATE (Q) 440 kW - FUEL CONTROLLED
FUEL CONSUMPTION RATE (mb) 0.01 kg/s
EXCESS FUEL FLOW RATE (mex) 0 kg/s
OXYGEN USE RATE (mO2) 0.0341721 kg/s
CALCULATION RESULTS
SPECIES N2 O2 CO2 CO
SPECIES MASS FRACTIONS (Ys) 0.748 0.144 0.066 0.002
SPECIES FLOW RATES (kg/s) 0.307 0.059 0.027 0.001
 H2O HCl TUHC
0.039 0.000 0.000
0.016 0.000 0.000
IGNTIME.XLS: Estimate of the time to ignite a thermally thick solid exposed to a constant heat flux

INPUT PARAMETERS
THERMAL INERTIA OF MATERIAL (kpc) 0.28 (kW/m2-K)2/s
IGNITION TEMPERATURE (Tig) 350 C
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (To) 20 C
EXPOSURE HEAT FLUX (q") 50 kW/m2
CALCULATED PARAMETERS
IGNITION TIME (tig) 10 s
ENERGY INPUT FOR IGNITION (E") 479 kJ/m2
LAYDSCNT.XLS: Smoke layer descent rate due to entrainment only

INPUT PARAMETERS
ROOM AREA (A) 400 m2
CEILING HEIGHT (H) 7.6 m
FIRE HEAT RELEASE RATE (Q) 1000 kW
MASS ENTRAIN. COEFF (km) 0.076
CALCULATION TIME (t) 60 s
CALCULATED PARAMETERS
FILLING TIME CONSTANT (tau) 163 s
SMOKE LAYER DEPTH (Zu) 2.13 m

TIME Zu Zl
0 0.0 7.6
60 2.1 5.5
120 3.4 4.2
180 4.3 3.3
240 4.9 2.7
300 5.3 2.3
360 5.6 2.0
420 5.9 1.7
480 6.1 1.5
LAYERTMP.XLS: Estimate of upper layer temperature using modified MQH correlation

INPUT PARAMETERS
ROOM LENGTH (L) 3.7 m
ROOM WIDTH (W) 2.4 m
ROOM HEIGHT (H) 2.4 m
OPENING WIDTH (Wo) 0.76 m
OPENING HEIGHT (Ho) 2.03 m
BOUNDARY CONDUCTIVITY (k) 0.00017 kW/m.K
BOUNDARY DENSITY (p) 960 kg/m3
BOUNDARY SPEC. HEAT (cp) 1.1 kJ/kg.K
BOUNDARY THICKNESS (d) 0.0125 m
FIRE HRR (Q) 40 kW
FIRE LOCATION FACTOR (kLF) 4 -
CALCULATION TIME (t) 300 s
CALCULATED PARAMETERS
HEAT TRANSFER COEFF (hk) 0.0244622 kW/m2.K
BOUNDARY AREA (At) 47.04 m2
VENTILATION FACTOR 2.20 m^5/2
TEMPERATURE RISE (dT) 93 C
LINEFIRE.XLS: Estimate of the mass balance for a compartment with a single wall opening and a line fire

INPUT PARAMETERS
CALCULATION RESET 1 0 or 1 UL/SNL EXP 1
FIRE HRR (Q) 800 kW
CONVECTIVE FRACTION (Xc) 0.7 -
FIRE HEIGHT (Hf) 0.3 m
FIRE LENGTH (L) 1.5 m
FIRE LOCATION FACTOR (kLF) 1
OPENING HEIGHT (Ho) 2.44 m
OPENING WIDTH (Wo) 2.44 m
OPENING BASE HEIGHT (Hb) 0 m
AMBIENT TEMP (Tl) 293 K
HEAT LOSS FRACTION (Xl) 0.7 -
CALCULATED PARAMETERS
VENT. FACTOR (AoHo1/2) 9.2998 m5/2 TEMP. FACTOR Err:522 -
VIRTUAL ORIGIN (Zo) 0 m MDOT FACTOR Err:522 -
EFF. FLAME HEIGHT (Zfl) 2.0863 m dme/dz Err:522 kg/s/m
LAYER HEIGHT ABOVE FIRE (Z) Err:522 m dmi/dz 0.8965 kg/s/m
DISCONTINUITY HEIGHT (Hd) Err:522 m FLOW RATE OUT VENT (me) Err:522 kg/s
NEUTRAL PLANE HEIGHT (Hn) Err:522 m PLUME FLOW RATE (mi) Err:522 kg/s
SMOKE LAYER TEMP. (Tu) Err:522 K PLUME EQUIV. RATIO (PHI) Err:522 -
SMOKE LAYER TEMP. (Tu) Err:522 C
MASSBAL.XLS: Estimate of the mass flow rate for a compartment with a single wall opening

INPUT PARAMETERS
CALCULATION RESET 1 0 or 1
FIRE HRR (Q) 800 kW
CONVECTIVE FRACTION (Xc) 0.7 -
FIRE HEIGHT (Hf) 0.3 m
FIRE DIAMETER (D) 0.3 m
FIRE LOCATION FACTOR (kLF) 2
OPENING HEIGHT (Ho) 2.44 m
OPENING WIDTH (Wo) 2.44 m
OPENING BASE HEIGHT (Hb) 0 m
AMBIENT TEMP (Tl) 298 K
HEAT LOSS FRACTION (Xl) 0.7 -
CALCULATED PARAMETERS
VENT. FACTOR (AoHo1/2) 9.2998 m5/2 TEMP. FACTOR Err:522 -
VIRTUAL ORIGIN (Zo) 1.1548 m MDOT FACTOR Err:522 -
EFF. FLAME HEIGHT (Zfl) 3.9077 m dme/dz Err:522 kg/s/m
LAYER HEIGHT ABOVE FIRE (Z) Err:522 m dmi/dz Err:522 kg/s/m
DISCONTINUITY HEIGHT (Hd) Err:522 m FLOW RATE OUT VENT (me) Err:522 kg/s
NEUTRAL PLANE HEIGHT (Hn) Err:522 m PLUME FLOW RATE (mi) Err:522 kg/s
SMOKE LAYER TEMP. (Tu) Err:522 K PLUME EQUIV. RATIO (PHI) Err:522 -
SMOKE LAYER TEMP. (Tu) Err:522 C
MECHVENT.XLS: Estimate of fire conditions in a mechanically ventilated space

INPUT PARAMETERS
SMOKE EXTRACTION RATE (Vext) 1 m3/s
AIR INJECTION RATE (Vinj) 0 m3/s
FIRE HEAT RELEASE RATE (Q) 1000 kW
HEAT LOSS FACTOR (Xl) 0.75 -
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (To) 20 C
CALCULATED PARAMETERS
NET HEAT RELEASE RATE (Qnet) 250 kW
GAS EXPANSION RATE (Vexp) 0.708215 m3/s
EXTRACTION TEMP RISE (dText) 711.165 C
INJECTION TEMP RISE (dTinj) 0 C
EXTRACTION FLOW RATE (me) 0.351536 kg/s
INJECTION FLOW RATE (mi) 0 kg/s
EXTRACTION MAX HRR (Qmax) 1054.608 kW
INJECTION MAX HRR (Qmax) 0 kW
PLUMEFIL.XLS: Estimate of the volumetric rate of smoke flow in a plume

INPUT PARAMETERS
HEIGHT (Z) 3 m
FIRE HRR (Q) 1000 kW
CONVECTIVE FRACTION (Xc) 0.7 -
HEAT LOSS FRACTION (Xl) 0.8 -
CALCULATED PARAMETERS
EXPANSION RATE (Vexp) 0.6 m3/s
ENTRAINMENT RATE (Vent) 3.5 m3/s
TOTAL SMOKE FLOW RATE (Vtot) 4.1 m3/s
PLUMETMP.XLS: Estimate of temperature rise in a fire plume

INPUT PARAMETERS
FIRE HEAT RELEASE RATE(Q) 500 kW
CONVECTIVE FRACTION (Xc) 0.7 -
HEIGHT ABOVE FIRE (Z) 5 m
FIRE LOCATION FACTOR (kLF) 1 -
CALCULATED PARAMETERS
CONVECTIVE HRR (Qc) 350 kW
FLAME HEIGHT (Zfl) 2.4 m
PLUME TEMPERATURE RISE (dTpl) 95 C

FIRE LOCATION FACTORS kLF

FIRE IN OPEN 1
FIRE ALONG WALL 2
FIRE IN CORNER 4
RADIGN.XLS: Radiant ignition of a near fuel

INPUT PARAMETERS
SEPARATION DISTANCE (d) 2 m
MIN. IGNITION HEAT FLUX (qig) 20 kW/m2
RADIATIVE FRACTION (Xr) 0.35 -
CALCULATED PARAMETERS
RADIANT HRR FOR IGNITION (Qr) 908 kW
TOTAL HRR FOR IGNITION (Q) 2594 kW

MINIMUM IGNITION HEAT FLUXES qig UNITS

EASILY IGNITED 10 kW/m2
MODERATE EASE OF IGNITION 20 kW/m2
DIFFICULT TO IGNITE 30 kW/m2
ROOFVENT.XLS: Smoke flow through a roof vent

INPUT PARAMETERS
SMOKE LAYER DEPTH (h) 2 m
SMOKE TEMPERATURE (Tu) 300 C
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (Tl) 20 C
ROOF VENT AREA (Av) 1 m2
VENT DISCHARGE COEFF. (Cd) 0.65 -
CALCULATED PARAMETERS
PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL (dP) 11.5 Pascals
GAS VELOCITY (v) 4.4 m/s
VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE (V) 2.87 m3/s
MASS FLOW RATE (m) 1.76996 kg/s
STACK.XLS: Smoke flow rate through vents under influence of stack effect and buoyancy

INPUT PARAMETERS
HEIGHT BETWEEN OPENINGS (H) 6 m
SMOKE LAYER HEIGHT (Hd) 3 m
INLET AREA (Ai) 1 m2
INLET COEFFICIENT (Ci) 0.65 -
OUTLET AREA (Ao) 1 m2
OUTLET COEFFICIENT (Co) 0.65 -
AMBIENT OUTSIDE TEMP (To) 30 C
AMBIENT INSIDE TEMP (Tl) 20 C
SMOKE LAYER TEMP (Tu) 200 C
CALCULATED PARAMETERS
TEMP RATIO 1 (To/Tl) 1.03413 -
TEMP RATIO 2 (To/Tu) 0.64059 -
MASS FLOW RATE (m) 1.33 kg/s
TEMPRISE.XLS: Estimate of the average temperature rise in a closed room fire

INPUT PARAMETERS
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (To) 20 C
ROOM AREA (A) 0.36 m2
CEILING HEIGHT ABOVE FUEL (H) 0.55 m
FIRE HEAT RELEASE RATE (Q) 1.5 kW
BURNING DURATION (tbo) 300 s
HEAT LOSS FACTOR (Xl) 0.85 -
MIN. OXYGEN CONC.(%O2) 13 vol%
CALCULATED PARAMETERS
NET ENERGY RELEASED (Qnet) 67.5 kJ
AVG TEMPERATURE RISE (dT) 477 C
MAX. O2 FRACTION (XO2) 0.380952
MAX. NET ENERGY RELEASE (Qmax) 40.89361 kJ
MAX TEMPERATURE RISE (dTmax) 233 C
THERMPRP.XLS: Thermal properties of boundary materials

ID MATERIAL k p cp a
[kW/m.K] [kg/m3] [kJ/kg.K] [m2/s]
1 Aluminum (pure) 2.06E-1 2710 0.895 8.49E-5
2 Concrete 1.60E-3 2400 0.75 8.89E-7
3 Aerated concrete 2.60E-4 500 0.96 5.42E-7
4 Brick 8.00E-4 2600 0.8 3.85E-7
5 Concrete block 7.30E-4 1900 0.84 4.57E-7
6 Cement-asbestos board 1.40E-4 658 1.06 2.01E-7
7 Calcium silicate board 1.25E-4 700 1.12 1.59E-7
8 Alumina silicate block 1.40E-4 260 1 5.38E-7
9 Gypsum board 1.70E-4 960 1.1 1.61E-7
10 Plaster board 1.60E-4 950 0.84 2.01E-7
11 Plywood 1.20E-4 540 2.5 8.89E-8
12 Chipboard 1.50E-4 800 1.25 1.50E-7
13 Fiber insulation board 5.30E-5 240 1.25 1.77E-7
14 Glass fiber insulation 3.70E-5 60 0.8 7.71E-7
15 Expanded polystyrene 3.40E-5 20 1.5 1.13E-6
kpc

5.00E+2
2.88E+0
1.25E-1
1.66E+0
1.17E+0
9.76E-2
9.80E-2
3.64E-2
1.80E-1
1.28E-1
1.62E-1
1.50E-1
1.59E-2
1.78E-3
1.02E-3