In this chapter, we discussed different e-business technologies and their

applications. First we touched upon the various communication devices

which are used for carrying data and information over the networks. The
basics of data communication protocols (packet, host, gateway, protocol
layers, data communication standards, etc.) were also discussed.

Data transmission media such as open wire, twisted pair cables, coaxial
cables, and optical fibers were also examined. TCP/IP can be defined as
a set of protocols for sharing resources over the network. It is the most
popular internetworking protocol in the world. Biometric technology
refers to the study of the measurable biological characteristics of human
beings.

Biometric tools can carry out finger recognition, voice recognition, hand
geometry identification, keystroke verification, eye recognition, body
odor recognition, DNA mapping etc.

Wireless communication is the most popular communication technology now-a-days. WAP, short
for wireless application protocol, is the standard for wireless technology over mobile phones.
Bluetooth is an emerging wireless technology which can connect different electronic devices like
PCs and refrigerators through short range radio links. I-mode allows web browsing and e-mail
access through mobile phones.

It is currently used only in Japan. The different software applications and specifications that are
used are ASP, XML and CORBA. ASP is a development tool for web pages, XML is a markup
language like HTML (but much more advanced and powerful), and CORBA is an open
distribution

Two terms thrown around a lot in the web industry are front-end and back-end. It can be a little frustrating
since the difference between the front-end and back-end isnt always perfectly clear. Theyre terms often
used to describe aspects of the web industry. The front-end is also referred to as the client-side and is
sometimes considered web design. The back-end of the web industry is often called the server-side.
Often when someone says theyre a web developer theyre saying they work on the back-end of sites.

While that explanation seems simple, the line between the two is often blurry. Here are some basic
guidelines to help tell the difference between the front-end and back-end or at least be able to begin
to understand what someone does when they say theyre a front-end developer.

ront-end and back-end are terms used to characterize program interfaces and
services relative to the initial user of these interfaces and services. (The "user"
may be a human being or a program.) A "front-end" application is one that
application users interact with directly. A "back-end" application or program
serves indirectly in support of the front-end services, usually by being closer to
the required resource or having the capability to communicate with the required
resource. The back-end application may interact directly with the front-end or,
perhaps more typically, is a program called from an intermediate program that
mediates front-end and back-end activities.