Materials and Endodontics

Module 2. Filling materials and endodontics.
Tests questions:
1. What are the essential ingredients of glass ionomers cements?
A. *polyalkenoic acid and an ion-leachable glass;
B. resin particles and acid copolymer;
C. copper and silver;
D. resin particles and orthophosphoric acid;
E. fluoride and pigments;
2. What are the stages in the setting reaction of glass ionomers?
A. *The dissolution stage, the gelation reaction and the hardening phase.
B. The dissolution stage, the gelation reaction and the polymerization phase.
C. The polymerization phase, the gelation reaction and the hardening phase.
D. The polymerization phase, dissolution stage and the hardening phase.
E. The dissolution stage and the gelation reaction.
3. What is the generally accepted theory by which glass ionomer bonds to enamel?
A. *ion exchange.
B. micromechanical retention;
C. mechanical retention;
D. with bond-system;
E. All answers are correct;
4. Name a commonly used conditioner for glassionomer, including its concentration.
A. *10% polyacrylic acid;
B. 47% citric acid;
C. 37% orthophosphoric acid;
D. 3% Iodine;
E. distillated water;
5. From this list of filling materials to compomers belong:
A. *Polyacid modied resin composites
B. Resin-modied glass ionomers
C. Zinc phosphate cement
D. Zinc polycarboxylate cements
E. Temporary restorative material
6. In which situations are glass ionomer restorations CONTRAINDICATED?
A. *final restorations in the adult dentition in highly destroyed teeth.
B. for treatment of root caries.
C. for luting full ceramic restorations.
D. for pressurizing of fissures.
E. for temporary restorations.
7. Which of the following is NOT one of the setting reaction stages of glass ionomer cement?
A. *Polymerisation stage.
B. Dissolution stage
C. Hardening stage.
D. Gelation stage.
E. All answers are wrong.
8. Which is NOT an advantage of resin-modied glass ionomer cements over conventional
GICs?
A. *They provide better luting cements.
B. The nal properties are more predictable.
C. No special protection methods.
D. Superior aesthetics.
E. Better adhesion to tooth structure.
9. Polymineralisation shrinkage of compomers:
A. *3 %
B. 1 %
C. 10 %
D. 12 %
E. 30 %
10. Glass ionomers were rst introduced in the:
A. *1970s.
B. 1960s.
C. 1950s
D. 1980s.
E. 2000s.
11. Which of the following is NOT a member of the polyalkenoic acid family?
A. *Polyacetic acid.
B. Polyitaconic acid.
C. Polymaleic acid.
D. Polyacrylic acid.
E. Polymaleic acid.
12. Possibly the only situation where compomers could be advantageous is where:
A. *Moisture control is a problem.
B. Aesthetics are important.
C. Strength is important.
D. Better bonding is required.
13. What is needed for reducing of the GICs porosity?
A. *hardening of filling must be force-feed, and it is recommended to avoid contamination of
mouth liquid
B. to cover filling by wax
C. to add more powder
D. it is recommended to insulate from saliva
E. it is necessary to ram filling
14. Why is it impossible to do final polish GICs filling at the same day after imposition of
filling:
A. *overheating of material and the vibration can violates its fixing
B. to prevent microleakege
C. the color of filling will change
D. brilliance will get lost
E. polishing is possible
15. For what purpose insulating varnishes or bond agents of composite material are used to
cover GICs filling?
A. *for the isolation of GICs filling from the oral liquid for 24 hours
B. it is not used
C. for the improvement of fixing
D. for the best marginal connecting
E. for brilliance
16. When is it recommended to conduct final polishing of GICs filling?
A. *in 24 hours
B. in 48 hours
C. in a week
D. after placement
E. final polishing is not conducted
17. Why is it necessary to choose lighter colour of GIC for aesthetically beautiful restoration?
A. *because in 2-3 weeks filling can grow dark
B. in subsequent days filling starts to be yellow
C. if a patient loves tea or coffee, filling can grow dark
D. for the best fixing
E. GICs for final restoration is not used
18. Advantages of GIC:
A. *All answers are correct;
B. radiopaque during x-ray examination;
C. ability to form chemical bonding with dental hard tissues;
D. no irritating action on the pulp of the tooth;
E. anticarious activity;
19. Classification of GIC:
A. *aqueous system, non-aqueous system, hybrid
B. macrofilled, microfilled and hybrid
C. for masticatory surfaces and aesthetic
D. with fluorine and without fluorine
E. adhesive and medicinal
20. GICs consists of:
A. *aluminium silicate glass with addition of fluorides, a liquid is water solution of copolymer
of polyacrylic or polymaleinic acids
B. oxide of silicon to 47%, the aluminium to 35%, fluoride of sodium to 15%, the zinc oxide.
C. specially treated oxide of zinc, oxide of magnesium, liquid 37% water solution of
polyacrylic acid
D. powder, liquid is a mixture of phosphoric acids
E. there is no right answer
21. Features of GICs bonding to the tooth structure:
A. *cement is bonded to the tooth structure by ion exchange mechanism.
B. cement is bonded due to micromechanical retention.
C. cement after the previous etching is firmly fixed to the surface of enamel and dentine.
D. cement can be fixed to the absolutely dry surface of tooth structure due to poly-acrylic acid.
E. there is no right answer.
22. GICs are classified:
A. *for fixation of crowns, for restorations, cements for linings, dual cure cement.
B. there is no classification
C. macrofilled, microfilled, hybrid
D. for masticatory teeth (I and II class) and for frontal (III, IV, V class)
E. hard and fluid
23. Conventional GICs is best suited for:
A. *Uncarious lesions, III and V classes.
B. Restoration of highly destroyed teeth.
C. For posterior group of teeth as they can stand high occlusal press.
D. For aesthetic restorations of incisors.
E. GICs is a redundant group of material, is not used nowadays.
24. Is it possible to fill the primary teeth with GIC?
A. *yes
B. no
C. if there is less than a year to the change of bite
D. only un-pulped teeth
E. as temporary filling
25. Is it possible with the purpose of prophylaxis to seal up the fissures of the permanent teeth
with GIC?
A. *yes
B. yes, but with previously held additional remineralization therapy
C. no
D. yes, but with previous pulp amputation
E. no, it is toxic material for pulp
26. Is it possible to stop the root caries with the help of GICs?
A. *yes
B. no
C. yes, with subsequent remineralization therapy
27. Is it possible to impose a base lining of GIC under the composite material, using
Sandwich method?
A. *yes
B. no
C. only in the case of the closed sandwich
D. with application of remineralization therapy
28. What does it envisage Sandwich-technique?
A. *the usage of GIC as a dentine replacement and a composite is used to replace an enamel.
B. using a zinc-phosphate cement as a dentine replacement and a composite to replace an
enamel..
C. the placement of GIC and composite in layers: approximately its necessary to place 4 layers.
D. The placement of bond-system and composite in layers.
E. Such technique does not exist.
29. Is it possible to build core-ups from GIC under an artificial crown?
A. *yes, it is possible to build core-ups from GICs.
B. No, its not possible.
C. All answers are right.
30. Is it possible to fix the pins and prosthetic constructions with the help of GICs?
A. *yes
B. no
C. yes, with subsequent remineralization therapy
31. What is needed to reduce the porosity of GIC?
A. *hardening of filling is desirable to be dual-cure, and it is recommended to avoid contact with
oral liquid during the process of hardening
B. to add more powder
C. it is recommended to insulate from saliva
D. it is recommended to ram filling
E. to use an advantage of the light-curing device
32. Why it is NOT recommended to polish GICs filling of chemical hardening in the first day
after imposition:
A. *overheating of the material and the vibration, violates its fixing
B. All answers are correct
C. the color of filling will change
D. brilliance will get lost
E. filling at once will fall out
33. Disadvantages of conventional GICs:
A. *All answers are correct
B. Overdrying of the surface of hardening cement leads to worsening of its properties and may
cause postoperative sensitivity
C. Long setting period
D. Risk of irritating action on the pulp in deep cavities
E. Sensitivity to the presence of moisture during the hardening
34. What properties of GIC were increased by the metal adding to the composition?
A. *durability and speeding up of hardening time of GIC were increased when the particles of
silver (to a 40% of weight) were added.
B. durability to GIC was increased, when a copper was added (to a 20% of weight)
C. particles of zinc, copper, silver and others were added for durability
D. a 10% tin was added for durability
E. do not exist such properties
35. Zinc phosphate cement consist of:
A. amorphous zinc oxide, small amounts of oxides of magnesium and bismuth, and liquid is an
aqueous mixture of orthophosphoric acid
B. the zinc oxide, oxide of magnesium, liquid is specially treated 37% water solution of
polyacrylic acid
C. oxide of silicon to 47%, aluminium to 35%, fluoride of sodium to 15%, a liquid is mixture of
phosphoric acids
D. aluminium silicate glass with addition of fluorides, a liquid is water solution of polyacrylic
or polymaleinic acids
E. oxide of silicon, oxide of zinc and mixture of phosphoric acids
36. The main characteristic of GIC:
A. *All answers are right
B. anticarious activity
C. sufficient mechanical strength and elasticity
D. radiopaque during x-ray examination
E. ability to form chemical bonding with dental hard tissues
37. What brand names from the listed below materials, belong to the Zinc-phosphate cements?
A. *Adhesor
B. Fuji I
C. Ketac cem
D. Charisma
E. dentine paste
38. What filling material from the listed below, belong to the Zinc-sulfate cement:
A. *dentine powder
B. Adhesor
C. Ketac- cem
D. Charisma
E. Fuji I
39. What filling material from the listed below does belong to the temporary filling material?
B. Poly-carboxylate cements
C. Zinc-phosphate cements
D. Dentin paste
E. Zinc-sulfate cements
40. What filling material from the listed below belong to isolative lining:
A. *Zinc-phosphate cements, glass-ionomer cements, poly-carboxylate cements
B. Dentin powder
C. Composite material
D. Amalgam
E. Resin composite
41. What filling material from the listed below, belong to GIC?
A. *Fuji IX
B. Argil
C. Foredent
D. Silidont
E. Alpha dent
42. From this list of filling materials to compomers belongs:
A. *Ionosit
B. Argcem
C. Foredent
D. Silicyn
E. Charisma
43. Compomers - it is:
A. *filling material which combines property of glass ionomers and composite material
B. filling material which combines properties of cements and polymers
C. filling material which combines properties of glass ionomers and ormocers
D. filling material which combines properties of metals and photopolymers
E. filling material which combines properties of metals and composites
44. Resin-modied glass ionomers set by:
A. *two mechanisms
B. three mechanisms
C. four mechanisms
D. five mechanisms
E. one mechanism
45. Final polishing and finishing of the compomers filling is conducted:
A. *at the same visit
B. on a next day
C. in a day
D. in two days
E. in a three days
46. Is it necessary to apply the bond- system to the structure of tooth for the placment of
compomers?
A. *yes, an adhesive agent is required to create a micromechanical bond to tooth structure.
B. No.
C. yes, bond-system will improve wear resistance of the material.
D. no, because adhesives toxically influence on pulp.
E. apply acid etching only.
47. Substantial advantage of compomers above other filling materials is:
A. *ability to release fluoride
B. ability to release mercury
C. ability to release calcium
D. ability to release mineral salts
E. advantages does not exist
48. Compomers in most cases are applied for filling :
A. *III, IV and the V classes
B. I class
C. IV and the V classes
D. II class
E. only for the V class
49. What are the main characteristics of compomers?
A. *All answers are correct.
B. wear resistance is less than that of composite restoratives.
C. do not adhere directly to tooth substance, they require an adhesive agent to create a
micromechanical bond to tooth structure.
D. may be utillised to restore cervical and anterior proximal cavities and for primary teeth.
E. have limited uoride release but are stronger.
50. What solution is used to mix the cement in anhydrous type of glass-ionomer cement?
A. *Distillated water
B. Copolymer of organic acids
C. Light solution of organic acid
D. Orthophosphoric acid
E. There is no need to use any solution
51. What does it mean anhydrous type of glass-ionomer cement?
A. *Freezed-dried acid is added to powder
B. Acid should be used from zinc phosphate cement
C. Water is ovedried from the powder
D. Its necessary to rinse the filling with water after placing
E. All answers are wrong
52. The bond strength of glass ionomer to dentine is estimated at:
A. *5 MPa.
B. 10 MPa.
C. 15 MPa.
D. 20 MPa.
E. 25 MPa.
53. Conditioner removes the:
A. *Smear layer.
B. Unpolymerised layer.
C. Moisture layer.
D. Calcium layer.
E. Hybrid layer.
54. The metal ion in glass ionomer which has raised concern over neurotoxicity is:
A. *Aluminium.
B. Magnesium.
C. Tin.
D. Zinc.
E. Mercury.
55. Ideal temporary materials should be:
A. *easy and quick to mix, easy to place and shape.
B. Soluble in oral uids.
C. Placed using a 1/2 Hollenbach.
D. Thermoplastic.
E. Unaesthetic.
56. Name the types of matrix band:
B. Siqveland;
C. Tofemire;
D. Circumferential;
E. cellulose strip.
57. Conventional glass ionomer cements:
A. *Self-adhere to tooth tissue.
B. Set by light curing.
C. Rely on acid etching for retention.
D. Contain vinyl phosphoric acid.
E. The retention is carried out by creating undercuts, dovetails, pits and grooves in the dentine of
the tooth.
58. Tartaric acid is one of the components of glass ionomer cements.Why it was added in the
composition of GICs?
A. *It was added to prolong the working time of the cement mix.
B. It was added to narrow the working time of the cement mix.
C. It was added to improve aesthetics of the cement.
D. It was added to provide anti-carious action.
E. It was added to decrease solubility.
59. What is the composition of GICs?
A. *water sol. of polycarboxylic acid, FAS glass, tartaric acid, pigments and radio-opaciers
B. water sol. of phosphoric acid, FAS glass, tartaric acid, pigments and radio-opaciers
C. water sol. of polycarboxylic acid, tartaric acid, pigments and radio-opaciers
D. 10% sol. of copolymer of organic acids and metals
E. Copper, tin, mercury, silver.
60. To prolong the working time of the cement mix, to improve the manipulative characteristics
and narrow the range of the setting time to the composition of GICs was added:
A. *Tartaric acid
B. poly-acrylic acid,
C. poly-itaconic acid
D. poly-maleic acid
E. phosphoric acid
61. What causes the post-operative sensitivity during the treatment with GICs?
A. *Over drying of the cavity; GICs require water for their setting.
B. Applying of conditioner for GICs.
C. Inappropriate instrumental treatment of carious cavity.
D. The chemical composition of the powder influence post-operative sensitivity.
E. Finishing and polishing of GIC at the same visit.
62. The dentist is going to place filling from GICs. How it is recommended to mix this cement?
A. *powder and liquid are dispensed in dened ratios and then mixed rapidly with a spatula
within 3045 s; rst incorporate half the amount of the powder into the liquid and then mix in
the other half.
B. powder and liquid are dispensed in dened ratios and then mixed rapidly with a spatula within
5 min ;
C. powder and liquid are mixed slowly with a spatula; all amount of the powder are incorporated
into the liquid and then mixed.
D. powder and liquid are taken in the ratio 4:1, mixed slowly with a spatula; all amount of the
powder are incorporate into the liquid and then mixed.
E. All answers are correct.
63. Which statement is true for GICs?
A. *All statements are true.
B. Glass ionomers contain poly(alkenoic) acid and uoro-aluminosilicate glass which set by an
acidbase reaction to give a cement.
C. They adhere directly to tooth substance and to base metal casting alloys.
D. They release uoride after placement, giving the materials cariostatic properties, although this
may only be short term.
E. They also have a low tensile strength which makes them brittle and unsuitable for use in load-
bearing areas in permanent teeth.
64. Zinc phosphate cement is supplied as:
A. *a powderliquid formulation.
B. a paste-paste formulation.
C. a paste-liquid formulation.
D. a powder-paste formulation.
E. a paste formulation.
65. Which statement is true for zinc phosphate cement?
A. *Is used frequently for isolative linings, have good heat-insulating properties, low toxicity,
considerable solubility and shrinkage.
B. Is used for restorations in permanent dentition, have a good wear resistance and mechanical
strength.
C. Is used as therapeutic linings, have cariostatic action, releases small levels of uoride.
D. The cement do not require any cavity modication other than caries removal, is used in
atraumatic restorative technique (ART).
E. Is used in aesthetic restorations, have an ability to form chemical bonding with dental hard
tissues; have satisfactory esthetic features and high mechanical strength.
66. What is the composition of zinc-phosphate cement?
A. *An amorphous zinc oxide with small amounts of oxides of magnesium and bismuth; the
liquid consists of an aqueous mixture of orthophosphoric acid.
B. sintered zinc oxide ground to a ne particle size; fluoride salts; liquid consists of an aqueous
solution of a polycarboxylic acid.
C. powder uoro-aluminosilicate glass and liquid- 47,5% water sol. of copolymers of acrylic
acid with itaconic or maleic acid.
D. silver, tin and copper; small quantities of zinc and mercury.
E. suspension of zinc oxide in water.
67. To restore the middle depth cavity in 46 tooth, the dentist prepared zinc-phosphate cement,
resin-based composite material, set of burs, flat plastic and ball-ended plastic instruments. For
what reason zinc-phosphate cement was selected?
A. *To use it as insulating lining;
B. To use it as interim restoration;
C. To use it as a permanent restoration;
D. To use it as a therapeutic lining;
E. To use it as a bond-system.
68. The dentist is going to restore the carious cavity of the II class by Black in 25 tooth. What is
used to restore the contact point in this clinical situation?
A. *Matrix band and matrix holder;
B. Bond-system;
C. There is no need to restore contact point in this case;
D. Clear cervical matrix;
E. Wooden wedge.
69. Which statement is true for matrix band?
A. *It is placed to help retain the restorative material; to give shape to the proximal surface of the
restoration.
B. It is placed to prevent failure of restorative material during its placement.
C. It is placed to facilitate the applying of bond-system.
D. It is placed to facilitate the placement of temporary filling.
E. It is placed only in the case of amalgam restoration.
70. Matrix band is used in a following situations:
A. *to retain the restorative material; to give shape to the proximal surface of the restoration.
B. to prevent failure of restorative material during its placement.
C. to facilitate the applying of bond-system.
D. to facilitate the placement of temporary filling.
E. It is placed only in the case of amalgam restoration.
71. The patient appealed to the dentist with complaints on the presence of cavities in the teeth.
Objectively: carious cavities in 25,26,27,35,36,45,46,47 - a middle depth, dentine is soft,
yellowish. Diagnose: acute middle caries. What is the material of choice in this case for final
restoration?
A. *Glass ionomer cement;
B. Amalgam;
C. Zinc-eugenol cement;
D. Zinc-phosphate cement;
E. Zinc-sulfate cement.
72. From this list of filling materials to compomers belong:
A. *Vitremer 3M
B. Argil
C. Silicyn
D. A dentine paste
E. Evicrol
73. What filling materials from the listed below belong to GICs?
A. *Ceramfil Molar
B. A phosphate cement
C. Amalgam
D. Evicrol
E. dentine paste
74. What filling material from the listed below belong to GICs?
A. *Ketac-Cem
B. Argil
C. Visphate cement
D. Amalgam
E. Evicrol
75. To restore carious cavity, reinforced GIC was used. Such stages of treatment were done:
instrumental and medicament treatment, conditioner for GICs was applied to the dentine, in 10
sec it was washed out, carious cavity was thoroughly dried with air from air-and-water syringe,
the cavity was filled with appropriately mixed GIC. Finishing and polishing was conducted after
placement. On the next day patient had complaints on the pain in the tooth. What can cause the
pain?
A. *Overdrying of the cavity; GICs require water for their setting.
B. Not appropriate instrumental treatment.
C. Polishing and finishing at the same visit.
D. The usage of conditioner.
E. The conditioner usually is not washed out.
76. Dental amalgam restorations:
A. *Release mercury during chewing.
B. Contain pure silver granules.
C. Should ideally be thicker than 2.8 mm.
D. Should be polished at the time of insertion.
E. Is not used nowadays.
77. Which of the following metals is not found in dental amalgam?
A. *Lead.
B. Silver.
C. Copper.
D. Tin.
E. All of these metals can be found in amalgam.
78. The patient 26 years old appealed to the dentist with the complaint on the presence of
carious cavity in the lower tooth. Objectively: middle depth carious cavity in 36 tooth, fulfilled
with dark, hard dentine, I class by Black. Dentist decided to fill carious cavity with amalgam.
How it is necessary to prepare carious cavity for amalgam filling?
A. *The cavity have to be cut suitably deep, must be undercut, additional points of retention
should be created, all internal line angles should be rounded, the oor of the cavity should be
at.
B. transition of one wall to another should be at an angle the form of the cavity- is box- shaped,
marginal ridge is undercut under 45degree .
C. enamel edges should be straight, dentine pins are used.
D. transition of the cavity bottom to the side wall should be at right angle, bottom of the cavity
should be flat.
E. There is no specific cavity design for amalgam.
79. Which of the following is not a type of amalgam alloy?
A. *Cuboidal.
B. Lathe-cut.
C. Spherical.
D. Admixed.
E. Lathe-cut.
80. Which statement is true for dental amalgam?
A. *It is a mixture of mercury and an alloy containing silver and tin with added copper and zinc.
B. It is a mixture of lead and an alloy containing silver and tin with added copper and zinc.
C. It is material for root canal filling.
D. Is used in front group of teeth because of its esthetic qualities.
E. Dental amalgam nowadays is not used because of its toxicity.
81. What is the composition of dental amalgam?
A. *Mercury, silver, tin, copper, zinc
B. Mercury, lead, tin, copper, zinc
C. Lead, tin, copper, zinc
D. Mercury, lead, tin, nickel
E. Mercury, lead, tin, titanium
82. What are the features of cavity preparation for amalgam placement?
A. *The cavities have to be cut suitably deep (2 mm), they must be undercut, all internal line
angles should be rounded, the oor of the cavity, should be at.
B. transition of one wall to another should be at an angle the form of the cavity- is box- shaped.
C. enamel edges should be straight
D. transition of the cavity bottom to the side wall should be at right angle, bottom of the cavity
should be flat
83. What are the major drawbacks of amalgam?
A. *marginal breakdown, fracture, has very poor aesthetics, it does not bond to the tooth; its use
does not encourage preservation of tooth tissue.
B. A relatively low cost and its easy to manipulate.
C. It adhere directly to tooth substance and to base metal casting alloys.
D. Sensitivity to the presence of moisture during the hardening
E. Considerable solubility and shrinkage
84. Amalgam does not chemically bond to tooth surface but requires tooth preparation to create a
shape of cavity that contains both retention and resistance forms to prevent dislodging of the
restoration. What is carried out to perform a good retention of the filling?
A. *This is carried out by creating undercuts, dovetails, pits and grooves in the dentine of the
tooth, in large cavities dentine pins is used.
B. It is carried out by using bonding techniques that can bond to the tooth and bond to the
amalgam itself.
C. This is carried out by using special linings for amalgam.
D. This is carried out by creating only undercuts on the enamel.
85. How it is necessary to provide retention for the amalgam filling?
A. *all from the listed can be used to provide retention for the amalgam filling;
B. by creating undercuts;
C. by creating dovetails;
D. by preparing pits and grooves in the dentine of the tooth;
E. by using dentine pins in large cavities.
86. What is the composition of silver amalgam?
A. *Silver 60%, tin 29%, copper 5%, zinc 2%, mercury 3%.
B. Silver 29%, tin 60%, copper 2%, zinc 5%, mercury 3%.
C. Silver 3%, tin 29%, copper 5%, zinc 2%, mercury 60%.
D. Silver 3%, tin 60%, copper 2%, zinc 5%, mercury 29%.
E. There is no correct answer.
87. Why do modern amalgams have low 2 content?
A. *Because of the higher amounts of copper.
B. Because of the higher amounts of mercury.
C. Because of the higher amounts of zinc.
D. Because of the higher amounts of palladium.
E. Because of the lower amounts of copper.
88. What are the three types of amalgam?
A. *Spherical, lathe-cut and admixed (dispersed phase).
B. Cuboidal, lathe-cut and admixed (dispersed phase).
C. Spherical, cuboidal and admixed (dispersed phase).
D. Spherical, lathe-cut and cuboidal.
E. Spherical, lathe-cut and rectangular.
89. What causes amalgam to expand in the presence of moisture?
A. *The presence of zinc.
B. The presence of copper.
C. The presence of mercury.
D. The presence of tin.
E. The presence of lead.
90. What influence may cause the 2 phase that is present in amalgam?
A. *may cause increased corrosion, creep (plastic change over time) and lower strength.
B. may cause risk of irritating action on the pulp in deep cavities
C. it causes binding of amalgam directly to tooth substance without the use of a bonding system.
D. may cause tarnishing, creep and lower strength.
E. may cause higher strengthening of the amalgam filling.
91. Which statement is true for the 2 phase of amalgam?
B. May cause risk of irritating action on the pulp in deep cavities
C. It causes binding of amalgam directly to tooth substance without the use of a bonding system.
D. may cause tarnishing, creep and high strength.
92. Why it is recommended to finish and polish amalgam fillings in 24 hours after placement?
A. *because material is quite weak and prone to fracture on it initial set.
B. because of its solubility on initial set.
C. because of copper that releases from the filling.
D. time of finishing depends on a patient wish.
93. Indications for amalgam restorations are as follows:
A. *Is best suited to restorations of premolar and molar teeth; is used to rebuild badly broken
down teeth prior to nal restoration with crowning.
B. Is best suited for III, IV classes by Black, as corresponds to high aesthetics of restoration.
C. Can be used only for small cavities in molars and premolars.
D. Root caries in front group of teeth.
E. Amalgam is used for all groups of teeth.
94. Why amalgam fillings are best suited for posterior group of teeth?
A. *Because of amalgam high compressive strength and poor aesthetics.
B. Because amalgam fillings have satisfactory aesthetics and can stand high occlusal press.
C. It is easier for dentist to fill posterior group of teeth with amalgam.
D. Because it is faster to place amalgam filling instead of composite.
95. Is it necessary to use bond-system for amalgam restorations?
A. *No, it is not used
B. In some cases it can be used
C. Yes, it is used
D. It depends from the dentist
E. All answers are correct
96. Amalgam, alloys, pure metals (gold) belong to:
A. *Permanent filling materials;
B. Temporary filling materials;
C. Therapeutic linings;
D. Root canal filling materials;
E. Fissure sealants.
97. Whats from the listed is NOT metal filling material?
A. *Compomers.
B. Amalgam.
C. Alloys.
D. Gold.
98. Classification of filling materials according to the purpose is as follows:
B. Temporary fillings;
C. Permanent fillings;
D. Linings;
E. Fillings for the root canal.
99. The patient of 25 years old appealed to the dentist with complaints on the pain in the tooth
that was yesterday filled with amalgam. Objectively: amalgam filling on the occlusal surface of
47 tooth, pain increases from cold and hot irritants. What possible mistake could be done by the
dentist during amalgam placement?
A. *Amalgam restoration is placed without insulating lining.
B. Amalgam restoration is placed without bond-system
C. Amalgam restoration is placed without prior placement of temporary filling
D. Amalgam restoration is never placed in molars
100. Amalgam plugger is used to:
A. *condense the amalgam into the cavity.
B. condense plastic restorative materials.
C. carry amalgam to the cavity.
D. carve amalgam filling.
E. place and shape plastic materials.
101.What instrument is used to condense amalgam into the cavity?
A. *Amalgam plugger.
B. Flat plastic.
C. Amalgam carrier.
D. Amalgam carvers.
E. Round-ended plastic.
102.Amalgam carrier is used to:
A. *carry amalgam to the cavity.
B. condense the amalgam into the cavity.
C. carve amalgam filling.
D. place and shape plastic materials.
E. condense plastic restorative materials.
103. What instrument is used to carry amalgam to the cavity?
A. *Amalgam carrier.
B. Amalgam plugger.
C. Flat plastic.
D. Amalgam carvers.
E. Round-ended plastic.
104. What does it mean the term non- gamma-2 in amalgam composition?
A. *Replacement of the tinmercury - 2 phase, with a coppertin phase.
B. Absence of copper-tin phase.
C. Replacement of the tinmercury - 2 phase, with a zinctin phase.
D. Presence of tinmercury phase.
E. Absence of silver- copper alloy in amalgam composition.
105.Why it was added copper in the composition of conventional amalgam?
A. *to decrease corrosion and strengthen the amalgam filling.
B. To prevent alloy from oxidation.
C. To faster the process of setting.
D. To make amalgam more plasticized
E. To provide amalgam with high aesthetic qualities.
106.Choose the possible cases from the listed below in what amalgam fillings can be used:
A. *Can be used in all of the listed cases as the material of choice.
B. , , V-classes by Black (molars and premolars).
C. Can be used in Pediatric Dentistry as a restorative material for the temporary teeth.
D. During surgical operations: resection of apical foramen (as filling material for retrograde
closure of apical hole).
E. To fill the perforation hole of the tooth cavity bottom.
107.Which statement is true for the smear layer?
A. *May be modied to facilitate dentine bonding.
B. Is best removed with a round bur.
C. Is present on newly erupted teeth.
D. Prevents dental caries.
E. All statements are true.
108.What material is not recommended to be used as lining under the chemical hardening
composite material?
A. *Zinc-eugenol cements.
B. Zinc-phosphate cements.
C. Glass-ionomer cements.
D. Compomer.
E. Poly-carboxylate cements.
109.Why it is recommended to use insulating lining under the amalgam fillings?
A. *to prevent thermal stimulation of the pulp.
B. to improve strength of the filling.
C. to decrease corrosion.
D. to improve adhesion between amalgam and tooth substance.
E. to prevent occurrence of dentine decay.
110.What feature of the amalgam causes the usage of insulating lining under the amalgam
filling?
A. *Thermal conductivity
B. Plastic deformation
C. Dimensional changes
D. Corrosion
E. Solubility and corrosion
111.A patient 32 years old was diagnosed with chronic deep dental caries in 25 tooth. Carious
cavity will be filled with light-curing composite material. What kind of lining material is
recommended to be used as insulating lining?
A. *Light-curing glass-ionomer cement.
B. Zinc-phosphate cement.
C. Poly-carboxylate cement.
D. Conventional glass-ionomer cement.
E. Zinc-sulfate cement.
112. What material from the listed below is used as lining under chemical hardening composite
material?
A. *Adhesor
B. Gradia
C. Foredent
D. Amalgam
113.What are the therapeutic objectives of calcium hydroxide lining material?
B. Stimulate odontoblasts to lay down reparative dentine.
C. Encourage remineralisation of dentine.
D. Act against any remaining bacteria.
E. Create an alkaline environment.
114.The patient appealed to the dentist with the complaints on the pain in lower tooth. Objective:
deep cavity in 36 tooth is fulfilled with soft yellowish dentine; diagnose-deep dental caries. After
appropriate instrumental treatment of the carious cavity the dentist should use calcium hydroxide
lining. What is the procedure of therapeutic lining placement?
A. *A small ball-ended instrument is used to place the setting calcium hydroxide material, it
should be placed in a thin layer on the deepest part of the cavity; it is placed for 14 days.
B. A small ball-ended instrument is used to place the setting calcium hydroxide material, it
should be placed on the whole pulpal oor; it is placed for 7 days.
C. A small ball-ended instrument is used to place the setting calcium hydroxide material, it
should be placed on the whole pulpal oor and extend to the cavity margins; it is placed on 3
days.
D. A small ball-ended instrument is used to place the setting calcium hydroxide material, it
should be placed to the pulpal wall and not extend to the cavity margins; it is placed for 25 days.
E. There is no specific procedure of calcium hydroxide lining placement.
115.What is the procedure of glass-ionomer insulating lining placement?
A. *With ball-ended plastic the material is applied to the pulpal oor and/or pulpal wall. The
lining material should not extend to the cavity margins; its thickness should be 0,5-1,0 mm.
B. A small ball-ended instrument is used to place the material, it should be placed in a thin layer
on the deepest part of the cavity; it is placed for 14 days.
C. With the help of ball-ended plastic instrument, material is distributed to the bottom and walls
of carious cavity to the border of enamel- dentine junction; its thickness should be 2,0-2,5 mm.
D. A small ball-ended instrument is used to place material that should be placed to the pulpal
wall and not extend to the cavity margins; it is placed for 25 days.
E. There is no specific procedure of glass-ionomer insulating lining placement.
116.What is meant by the term indirect pulp cap?
A. *A capping of the pulp in the projections of pulp horns in the case of acute deep dental caries.
B. A capping of the pulp in the case of traumatic exposure of the pulp chamber.
C. A capping of the pulp in the case of middle dental caries.
D. Sealing of the dentinal tubules during bond-system applying.
E. Its meant the usage of fissure sealants.
117.During deep carious cavity preparation, an accident exposure of pulp was occurred. A doctor
decided to do direct pulp capping. What material is used for this procedure?
A. *Material that is based on calcium hydroxide
B. Material that is based on paraformaldehyde
C. Zinc-phosphate cement
D. Resin-based composite material
E. Zinc- sulfate cement
118.According to the modern concept of insulating lining usage, in minimal cavities the stages
are as follows:
A. *a dental adhesive is used to seal the dentinal tubules or no pulp protection + filling material.
B. a layer of a resin-modied glass ionomers is used to give thermal and chemical protection +
filling material
C. a thin layer of setting calcium hydroxide as a therapeutic lining is applied, followed by a layer
of resin-modied glass ionomers + filling material
D. a thick layer of setting calcium hydroxide as a therapeutic lining is applied to the whole
bottom of the cavity + filling material
E. a layer of a dentine powder is used to give thermal and chemical protection + filling material
119.According to the modern concept of insulating lining usage, in middle depth cavities the
stages are as follows:
A. *a layer of a resin-modied glass ionomers is used to give thermal and chemical protection +
filling material
B. a dental adhesive is used to seal the dentinal tubules or no pulp protection + filling material.
C. a thin layer of setting calcium hydroxide as a therapeutic lining is applied, followed by a layer
of resin-modied glass ionomers + filling material
bottom of the cavity + filling material
E. a layer of a dentine powder is used to give thermal and chemical protection + filling material
120. According to the modern concept of insulating lining usage, in deep cavities the stages are
as follows:
A. *a thin layer of setting calcium hydroxide as a therapeutic lining is applied, followed by a
layer of resin-modied glass ionomers + filling material.
B. a dental adhesive is used to seal the dentinal tubules or no pulp protection + filling material.
C. a layer of a resin-modied glass ionomers is used to give thermal and chemical protection +
filling material.
bottom of the cavity + filling material.
E. a layer of a dentine powder is used to give thermal and chemical protection + filling material.
121.Calcium hydroxide materials that nowadays are at disposal, produced in such a form:
A. *All of listed forms are at disposal nowadays.
B. suspension of calcium hydroxide in water.
C. suspension of calcium hydroxide in organic solvent.
D. paste/paste.
E. Ready-to-use one-component material, light-curing.
122.What thickness should have base insulating lining?
A. *1,0-1,5 mm
B. 0,5 mm
C. 1 cm
D. 2cm
E. 0,2 mm
123.What are the indications for insulating lining usage in Therapeutic Dentistry?
A. *To prevent noxious stimuli reaching the pulp; protect from chemicals.
B. To prevent electrical stimuli.
C. To prevent mechanical stimuli.
D. To prevent solubility of permanent filling material.
124.What are the properties of calcium hydroxide therapeutic lining materials?
A. *anti-inflammatory action, antibacterial properties, initiation of calcication and formation of
a secondary dentine layer.
B. Prevention of pulp from thermal stimulus
C. To provide better adhesion of filling material to dentine
D. They should require all properties of permanent filling material
125.What brand names from the listed below belong to calcium hydroxide lining material?
A. *Life KERR
B. Adhesor SpofaDental
C. Gradia Direct- GC
D. Fuji IX- GC
126.Materials based on calcium hydroxide, zinc-eugenol cements, combined therapeutic pastes
are belong to:
A. *Therapeutic lining material
B. Insulating lining material
C. Temporary filling material
D. Permanent filling material
127.What lining material can NOT be used as base insulating lining under chemical hardening
composite?
A. *Zinc-eugenol cements
B. Zinc-phosphate cements
C. Glass-ionomer cements
D. Poly-carboxylate cements
E. Compomer
128. Liners belong to:
A. *Insulating linings
B. Permanent filling materials
C. Temporary filling materials
D. Therapeutic linings
E. Materials for root canal filling
129.Indications for therapeutic lining placement are as follows:
A. *All listed cases are the indications for therapeutic lining placement.
B. In the case of deep dental caries, indirect pulp capping
C. Biological method of pulpitis treatment, direct pulp capping
D. Treatment of acute multiple caries
E. In the case of traumatic pulp exposure
130. What is meant by the term direct pulp cap?
A. *A capping of the pulp in the case of traumatic exposure of the pulp chamber.
B. A capping of the pulp in the projections of pulp horns in the case of acute deep dental caries.
131. A middle depth cavity of 25-th tooth was filled with chemical hardening composite
material. What is the procedure of moderately deep cavities treatment in this case?
A. *a lining of a resin-modied glass ionomer is used to give thermal and chemical protection +
filling material.
B. dental adhesive is used to seal the dentinal tubules or no pulp protection + filling material.
C. a thin lining of setting calcium hydroxide as a therapeutic lining is applied, followed by a
lining of resin-modied glass ionomers + filling material.
D. a thick lining of setting calcium hydroxide as a therapeutic lining is applied to the whole
E. a lining of a dentine powder is used to give thermal and chemical protection + filling
material.
132.Carious cavity of 36-th tooth is restored in such stages: instrumental and medicament
treatment are done; zinc-phosphate insulating lining is placed to enamel-dentine junction.
Carious cavity is restored with amalgam. Finishing and polishing of the filling are done at the
same visit. At what stage of treatment procedure the mistake was done?
A. *At the stage of fillings finishing and polishing.
B. At the stage of instrumental and medicament treatment.
C. At the stage of lining placement.
D. At the stage of lining material selection.
133. What action causes calcium hydroxide to the dentine?
B. Generate an alkaline environment in the area surrounding the cement.
C. demonstrate antibacterial properties.
D. is able to initiate calcication and formation of a secondary dentine layer at the base of the
cavity.
E. destroy any remaining bacteria.
134. What are the negative properties of amalgam?
A. *All listed can be considered as negative qualities.
B. galvanisms, poor aesthetics, amalgam changes tooth color.
C. a released mercury has an ability to accumulate in periodontal tissues.
D. involves special equipment for safety work with an amalgam.
E. Corrosion, dimensional change.
135.What are the main stages of amalgam placement?
A. *All of the listed are correct.
B. Dosage of alloy and mercury, mixing of amalgam components.
C. Condensation of amalgam; removal of residual mercury by carving the filling.
D. Placement of amalgam into the cavity.
E. Finishing and polishing of amalgam filling.
136.The patient appealed to the dentist with complaints on the pain in 47 tooth. Objectively:
middle depth cavity, wide entrance, fulfilled with dark, hard dentine. Dentist decided to use
amalgam. What properties of amalgam caused this choice of material?
A. *Because of amalgam high compressive strength; aesthetics is not so important for posterior
group of teeth.
137.Which statement is true for the term non- gamma-2 in amalgam composition?
A. *Replacement of the tinmercury - 2 phase, with a coppertin phase.
B. Absence of copper-tin phase.
C. Replacement of the tinmercury - 2 phase, with a zinctin phase.
D. Presence of tinmercury phase.
E. Absence of silver- copper alloy in amalgam composition.
138.What from the brand names listed below is calcium hydroxide material?
A. *Calcimol LC VOCO
B. Dexodent AlphaBeta
C. Fuji II GC
D. Filtek 3M
E. Adhesor SpofaDental
treatment are done; zinc-phosphate insulating lining is placed to the deepest aspect of cavity
floor. Carious cavity is restored with amalgam. Finishing and polishing of the filling are done at
the second visit, in 24 hours. At what stage of treatment procedure the mistake was done?
A. *At the stage of lining placement.
B. At the stage of filling finishing and polishing.
C. At the stage of instrumental and medicament treatment.
140.Which statement is true for calcium hydroxide lining material?
B. Stimulate odontoblasts to lay down reparative dentine.
C. Encourage remineralisation of dentine.
D. Act against any remaining bacteria.
E. Create an alkaline environment.
treatment are done; calcium hydroxide lining is placed to the whole floor of the cavity. Carious
cavity is restored with amalgam. Finishing and polishing of the filling are done at the second
visit, in 24 hours. At what stage of treatment procedure the mistake was done?
A. *At the stage of lining material selection.
B. At the stage of lining placement.
C. At the stage of filling finishing and polishing.
D. At the stage of instrumental and medicament treatment.
142. An amalgam filling is finished and polished in 24 hours after placement. Why it is done in
this way?
A. *because material is quite weak and prone to fracture on it initial set.
B. because of its solubility on initial set.
C. because of copper that releases from the filling.
D. time of finishing depends on a patient wish.
143.What influence may cause the 2 phase that is present in amalgam?
B. may cause risk of irritating action on the pulp in deep cavities
C. it causes binding of amalgam directly to tooth substance without the use of a bonding system.
D. may cause tarnishing, creep and lower strength.
144.Preparation liners seal freshly cut dentine; can be used as good advantage when planning to
place an amalgam in a deep preparation. According to their use, liners belong to:
A. *Insulating linings
B. Permanent filling materials
C. Temporary filling materials
D. Therapeutic linings
E. Materials for root canal filling
145.In large cavities it is necessary to line the base of the cavity with an insulating cavity lining
material prior to condensing the amalgam. What feature of the amalgam causes this?
A. *Thermal conductivity
B. Plastic deformation
C. Dimensional changes
D. Corrosion
E. Solubility and corrosion
146.To reduce the amount of mercury in the nal restoration, the amalgam should be strongly
condensed, as this causes excess mercury to rise to the surface where it can be carved away and
discarded in a safe manner. What is done for this reason?
A. *amalgam should be placed to overll a cavity.
B. amalgam should be placed to the margins of the cavity.
C. amalgam should be placed in such a way-not to reach to the cavity margins.
D. Amalgam plugger is used.
E. All correct.
147.What is the process of mixing amalgam alloy and mercury together called
A. *Trituration.
B. Condensation
C. Amalgamation
D. Carving
E. There is no specific name for this process.
148.Application of macrofilled composite material is clinically used for filling Blacks cavities:
A. *I and II classes
B. I class
C. I, III and the IV classes
D. II, I and the V classes
E. I V classes.
149.Application of microfilled composite material is clinically used for filling Blacks cavities:
A. *III, I and the V classes
B. I class
C. I and II classes
D. I, III and the IV classes
E. I V classes.
150.What material from the listed below is to be one of the component of bond-system?
A. *primer
B. polymerisation powder
C. polymerisation paste
D. ceramic mass
E. metal
151. Application of microfilled composite material is clinically used for filling cavities of:
A. *incisors and canines
B. incisors
C. incisors, canines and premolars
D. canines and premolars
E. premolars and molars
152.How it is necessary to fill carious cavity in order to reduce the polymerization shrinkage of
light-curing composite?
A. *To place filling material in increments
B. To place filling material in one portion
C. Not to use light-curing lamp
D. To direct the light of light-curing lamp in certain position
E. There is no way of reducing the polymerization shrinkage
153. The thickness of light-curing composite increments should be:
A. *2-2,5 mm
B. 0,5-1 mm
C. 3-3,5mm
D. 5mm
E. 5,5mm
154. The smear layer it is:
A. *A layer of debris created by cutting through dentine.
B. A layer that is inltrated by primer and resin to form a resin inltrated, reinforced layer.
C. Layer that occurs at the surface of teeth after their eruption.
D. Layer that occurs on the surface of enamel after etching.
E. Such term doesnt exist.
155.Resin composites used in dentistry have several components:
B. Resin matrix: commonly a uid monomer, Bis-GMA.
C. Filler particles of silica-based glass. Pigments.
D. Silane: an agent that allows the resin and ller particles to bond together.
E. Activator for the setting reaction: camphorquinone.
156.Resin composites are not suitable in the following clinical situations:
B. Deep subgingival preparations.
C. Lack of peripheral enamel.
D. Poor moisture control.
E. Load-bearing cusps.
157.Application of hybrid composite is clinically assumed for filling of cavities:
A. *I-V classes
B. I, II classes
C. I-III of classes
D. III, IV classes
E. IV, V classes
158. The hybrid layer it is
A. *Layer that is inltrated by primer and resin to form a resin inltrated, reinforced layer
B. layer of debris created by cutting through dentine
C. Layer that occurs at the surface of teeth after their eruption
D. Layer that occurs on the surface of enamel after etching
E. Such term doesnt exist
159.What is the essence of 7th generation of bond-system?
A. *etch, prime and bond in a single application.
B. etch and prime step, followed by bond
C. etch followed by a single application of primer mixed with bond
D. comprising etch, prime and bond
E. its not developed yet
160.What is the essence of 5th generation of bond-system?
A. *etch followed by a single application of primer mixed with bond
B. etch, prime and bond in a single application.
C. etch and prime step, followed by bond
D. comprising etch, prime and bond
E. its not developed yet
161.The percentage of filler by weight in microfilled composite is:
A. *30 60 %
B. 10 20 %
C. 20 30 %
D. 10 -40 %
E. 50 60 %
162. From this list of filling materials to composite material powder-liquid formulation
belong:
A. *Evicrol
B. Charisma
C. Ceramfil
D. Foredent
E. Silidont
163. From this list of filling materials to composite material paste-paste formulation belong:
A. *Charisma
B. Evicrol
C. Endometason
D. Silidont
E. Fuji IX
164.The percentage of filler by weight in macrofilled composite is:
A. *60 80 %
B. 10 20 %
C. 30 40 %
D. 50 60 %
E. 80 90 %
165. Nanocomposites- it is:
A. *Composites that are produced using very small particles of less that one m average
diameter.
B. The rst generation of composite materials.
C. Composite material, containing submicron particles of silica.
D. Composite materials that contain a blend of both conventional glass particles together with
some submicron, particulate silica.
E. this material is not invented yet.
166.Which statement is true for hybrid composite?
A. *a material that contain a blend of larger quartz particles and the submicron silica particles,
they are in common usage, meaning they are suitable for both posterior and anterior teeth.
B. composite materials typically contain 6080%, by weight, of quartz or glass in the particle
size; due to the poor aesthetic properties, they are only suitable for posterior restorations.
C. products with glass or quartz llers contain particles in the more limited range of 15 m;
could be polished and retain better aesthetics, but have low wear resistance.
D. have a lower ller content of about 5070% by volume and are thus less viscous; are able to
ow easily into cavities, their wear resistance is low.
E. Composites that are produced using very small particles of less that one m average diameter.
167.To prepare carious cavity under composite materials:
A. *it is recommended to prepare round shape cavity, at the edge of the cavity an enamel bevel at
an angle of 45o is created; an enamel is prepared by a diamond bur.
B. transition of the cavity bottom to the side wall should be at right angle, bottom of the cavity
should be flat.
C. bottom of the cavity should be flat or somewhat remind the form of the occlusal surface of
the tooth.
D. enamel edges should be straight.
E. transition of one wall to another should be at an angle the form of the cavity- is box- shaped.
168.How it is necessary to prepare carious cavity for the composite restoration?
A. *it is recommended to smooth sharp angles of the carious cavity and make round-shape
cavity, an enamel bevel at an angle of 45o is created.
B. transition of the cavity bottom to the side wall should be at right angle, bottom of the cavity
should be flat.
C. bottom of the cavity should be flat or somewhat remind the form of the occlusal surface of
the tooth.
D. An enamel edges should be straight, prepared by diamond bur.
E. transition of one wall to another should be at an angle the form of the cavity- is box- shaped.
169.Why is it recommended to smooth sharp angles inside the carious cavity and make it round
shaped for the restoration with the composite material?
A. *To prevent of the filling material abruption during its polymerization, if the elasticity of the
applied adhesive systems is not high enough.
B. To make cavity look more esthetic.
C. To prevent abruption of marginal ridges during biting.
D. To provide better fixation of the material.
170.Dentist decides to use light-curing composite material for filling I class by Black. How it is
necessary to prepare carious cavity in this case?
A. *The right angles inside the carious cavity should be smoothed, round shape of the cavity is
made, complete removal of pigmented areas of dental hard tissue is preferable, an enamel bevel
at an angle of 450 should be created.
B. The transition of the cavity bottom to the side wall should be at right angle, bottom of the
cavity should be flat.
C. The bottom of the cavity should be flat or somewhat remind the form of the occlusal surface
of the tooth.
D. An enamel edges should be straight.
E. The transition of one wall to another should be at an angle cavity is box- shaped.
171.It is known that during cavity preparation for placement of light-curing composite material,
complete removal of pigmented areas of dental hard tissue is preferable. Why for it is
recommended?
A. *Pigmented areas may delay the light during the polymerization and lead to incomplete
hardening of the material in these areas.
B. Patient will be unsatisfied as pigmented areas will be visible through filling material.
C. The filling will fall down as bond-system wouldnt be able to bind to tooth structure.
D. It will be hard to select the shade of light-curing material.
172. What is the purpose of the opaque components of composite?
A. *To replace dentin, thus make filling look more aesthetically
B. To replace enamel and strengthen the filling
C. To replace dentine and diminish toxins
D. To replace dentin and thus reduce shrinkage
E. To replace enamel and provide plasticity
173.What are the types of bond- systems?
A. *for chemical cured composite, light curing composite, double hardening;
B. roots;
C. medical;
D. polymerized;
E. Self-hardening.
174. What are the requirements for filling materials?
A. *to be X ray contrast, to have biocompatibility, to have absence of shrinkage, not to
decolorize;
B. to have shrinkage;
C. to annoy fabrics of tooth and not to be X ray contrast;
D. to expand on polimerization;
E. to decolorize and to be X ray contrast.
175.What from the listed below materials belong to materials for the indirect filling?
A. *metallic, ceramic inlays;
B. GICs;
C. Composite materials;
D. Encapsulated form of composite resins;
E. An amalgam inlays.
176.Bond-system must correspond to one of such requirements:
A. *to maintain the mechanical and thermal loadings
B. to correspond to periodontium
C. to correspond to pulp
D. not to cause an allergy
E. to correspond the aesthetically requirements
A. *not to be dissolved in oral liquid
A. *to correspond to the method of polymerization activation of composite material
179.The bond- system are distinguished:
A. *for an enamel and dentine
B. for a crown and root
C. for pulp and periodontium
D. for an enamel and pulp
E. for an enamel and periodontium
180.Bond-system can be:
A. *1, 2 or multicomponent
B. 1, 2 or multicoded
C. 1, 2 or multi-layered
D. 1, 2 or multicoloured
E. 1, 2 or multiaxial
181.If acid enters in the composition of bond-system, the system is named:
A. * self etching
B. self acting
C. for an enamel and dentine
D. for an enamel and pulp
E. self adhesive
182.What does it mean the term conditioning?
A. *applying to tooth surface the light solution of acid
B. applying to tooth surface the bond-system
C. applying to tooth surface a varnish
D. applying to tooth surface a liner
E. applying to tooth surface a hydrogen peroxide
183.What is the aim of conditioning?
A. *to remove the smear layer and debris from the prepared cavity walls, but do not remove
hydroxyapatites from dentinal tubules.
B. to create pores within the enamel into which resin ows to create tags..
C. to form layer that is inltrated by primer and resin to form a resin inltrated, reinforced layer.
D. To provide decalcification of the tooth structure by applying acid solutions.
184.What is the aim of etching?
A. * the demineralization of the surface of the dentine and enamel; creation of pores within the
hard tooth structure into which resin ows to create tags.
B. the removal of the smear layer and debris from the prepared cavity walls, but not removal of
hydroxyapatites from the dentinal tubules.
C. The calcification of the tooth structure with applying acid solutions.
D. To form layer that is inltrated by primer and resin to form a resin inltrated, reinforced layer.
185. Mechanisms of bonding to tooth structure can be divided into two groups:
A. *micromechanical and chemical
B. physical and chemical
C. micro mechanical and physical
D. physical and biological
E. a right answer is absent
186.When it is recommended to polish and finish fillings from composite?
A. *Immediately after placement
B. In an hour
C. In 24 hours
D. In a week
E. There is no need to polish and finish
187.Types of curing lamps include:
B. Conventional quartz halogen bulbs
C. LED (light-emitting diode) light-curing units
D. Plasma (xenon) arc lamps
E. Argon lasers
188.What does it mean the term wet bonding?
A. *There is no need to overdry the dentine, it should be wet for better bonding
B. There is need to rinse dentine with water prior to bonding
C. As the bond agent, one can use distillated water
D. For instance of etch, one can use distillated water
E. There is no right answer
189.What is the main component of etching gel for composite material?
A. *37% phosphoric acid
B. 50% phosphoric acid
C. 47,7% maleic acid
D. 47,5% water sol. of copolymers of acrylic acid
E. Distillated water
190.What are the stages of acid etching?
A. *The etching time 15 sec, the washing time 30-60 sec, the drying stage.
B. The etching time 45 sec, the washing time 10 sec, the drying stage.
C. The etching time 2 min, the washing time 2 min.
D. The etching time 2 min, without washing stage
E. There is no right answer
191.Composite material which rely on chemical activation are as follows:
B. Powder/liquid formulation
C. Paste/liquid formulation
D. Encapsulated materials
E. Paste/ paste formulation
192.What colour should be the protected glasses to block the harmful blue light from the light-
curing lamp?
A. *The orange colour
B. The green colour
C. The yellow colour
D. The blue colour
E. The red colour
193.What colour of enamel will be evidenced for sufcient etching?
A. *White, chalky appearance on the treated section of enamel after washing and drying
B. Luster, shiny appearance on the treated section of enamel
C. There wont be any changes of enamel
D. The enamel will have visible porosity
E. There is no evidence signs of sufficient etching
194.Advantages of materials for the indirect filling:
A. *durability, wear resistance, volume stability
B. stability, color firmness, moisture resistance
C. Wear resistance, volume stability, color firmness
D. durability, wear resistance, plasticity, low coefficient of heat-conducting
E. durability, wear resistance, plasticity
195.What is the approximate wave length of light used to cure resin composite?
A. *470 nm.
B. 600 nm.
C. 120 nm.
D. 230 nm.
E. 850 nm.
196.What is the predominant substance used as a monomer in dental resin composites that help
to produce a viscous, sticky resin?
A. *Bis-GMA.
B. Camphorquinone.
C. Polyalkenoic acid.
D. dibenzoyl peroxide.
E. HEMA.
197.What are resin and ller joined together by?
A. *By a silane coupling agent.
B. By RMGIC.
C. By TEGDMA.
D. By Bis-GMA.
E. By polyacrylic acid.
198.What is the approximate ller content of owable composites?
A. *5070%.
B. 2040%.
C. 3050%.
D. 7085%.
E. 85-90%.
199.What is required in order for polymerisation of resins to occur when desired?
A. *Free radicals.
B. Monomers.
C. Fillers.
D. Polymers.
E. Pigments.
200.The shrinkage of pure acrylic resin can be up to:
A. *21%.
B. 11%.
C. 31%.
D. 41%.
E. 65%.
201.The function of Bis-GMA is to:
A. *Help the material ow.
B. Improve polymerisation.
C. Reduce shrinkage.
D. Improve strength.
E. Activate the setting reaction.
202.Flowable composites have a ller content of:
A. *5070%.
B. 2040%.
C. 3050%.
D. 7085%.
E. 85-90%.
203.The typical polymerisation shrinkage of resin composite is:
A. *23%.
B. 45%.
C. 67%.
D. 89%.
E. 34-40%.
204.Polymerization shrinkage of composite materials is in ranges:
A. *1,9 3 %
B. 0,5 1 %
C. 1,3 5 %
D. 2,2 7 %
E. 3,5 10 %
205.What clinical manifestations may contribute the polymerization shrinkage?
A. *may contribute to postoperative pain or sensitivity for the patient;
B. may contribute a good proximal contour
C. may contribute to strengthen fixation of the filling
D. may cause a devitalization of the pulp
E. may cause a better marginal adjoining.
206.The curing of resin composite is inhibited by:
A. *Oxygen.
B. Moisture.
C. Filler.
D. Calcium hydroxide.
E. Fluoride.
207.The term oxygen inhibited layer means:
A. *The final outer layer of a restoration that coming in contact with air forms a superficial soft,
sticky layer, on freshly polymerized resin; this free monomer layer remains uncured.
B. Layer that is inltrated by primer and resin to form a resin inltrated, reinforced layer.
C. Layer of debris created by cutting through dentine.
D. Layer that occurs at the surface of teeth after their eruption.
E. Layer that occurs on the surface of enamel after etching, coming in contact with air.
208.What drawback may be caused by oxygen inhibited layer that was not removed from the
outer surface of the restoration?
A. *An increased stain susceptibility of the restoration.
B. Decreased stain susceptibility of the restoration.
C. Formation of the gap near cavity edges.
D. High integrity of increments.
E. An increased smoothness of the restoration.
209.Why is it preferable during composite material placement to overbuild the restoration
slightly and cut it back on the stage of adjustment to the bite?
A. *To remove oxygen inhibited layer
B. To remove smear layer.
C. To remove hybrid layer.
D. To reduce polymerization shrinkage.
E. To adjust filling to the bite.
210.Which is NOT an advantage of resin-modied glass ionomer cements over conventional
GICs?
A. *They provide better luting cements.
B. Superior aesthetics.
C. The nal properties are more predictable.
D. No special protection methods.
211.Which type of cavity has the greatest potential for stress induced by polymer shrinkage?
A. *Occlusal cavities.
B. Proximal posterior cavities.
C. Proximal anterior cavities.
D. Cervical cavities.
E. Proximal anterior cavities with affected cutting edge.
212.What three elements make up a tooth shade?
A. *Hue, value, chroma.
B. Hue, chroma, blue.
C. Opaque, dentin, enamel.
D. Hue, chroma, red.
213.What is the wavelength of light used to cure composite resins?
A. *450500 nm.
B. 230-360 nm.
C. 620-700 nm.
D. 105-360 nm.
E. 270-350 nm.
214.Fissure sealants:
A. *Aid the prevention of ssure caries.
B. Act by the release of uoride into the enamel.
C. Should not be placed on newly erupted teeth.
D. Do not require to be carefully monitored.
215.Composite resin materials:
A. *Contain silane.
B. Expand on polymerisation.
C. Contain uoro-aluminosilicate glass
D. Contain polyacrylic acid.
E. Bond to enamel by ion exchange mechanism.
216.The acid-etch technique:
A. *Provides sites for micromechanical attachment.
B. Retains amalgam restorations.
C. Selectively calcies enamel prisms.
D. Is used with glass ionomers.
E. Provide inhibited layer.
217.A shade should be taken:
A. *at the beginning of a clinical session.
B. After tooth preparation.
C. After careful drying of the tooth.
D. Under uorescent lighting.
E. After the isolation with rubber dam.
218. Resin composites:
A. *Are based on variations of the Bis-GMA molecule.
B. Shrink on polymerisation by 0.41.1%.
C. Contain vinyl phosphoric acid.
D. Form a hybrid layer with enamel.
E. Expand on polimerization.
219.The initiator in light-cured resins is called:
A. *Camphorquinone.
B. Chloramphenicol.
C. Hexachlorophene.
D. Chlorine hydride.
E. Tri-ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate.
220.What is the approximate percentage of phosphoric acid etchant gel used for resin composite
material?
A. *37%.
B. 44%.
C. 50%.
D. 70%.
E. 64%.
221.The depth of polymerization in light-curing materials can be:
A. *2 3 mm
B. 1 5 mm
C. 4 15 mm
D. 6 18 mm
E. 8 20 mm
222.Device for investigation of light stream power of light-curing lamp:
A. *radiometer
B. spectrometer
C. photometer
D. gnatodynamometr
E. dynamometer
223.What filling material, from the listed below, belong to light-curing composite?
A. *Charisma LC
B. Amalgam
C. Evicrol
D. Fuji IX
E. MasterDent
224.In the cavity II class by Black, light-curing material was placed, such stages were
performed: appropriate instrumental and medicament treatment of carious cavity, etching stages
of hard tooth structure were performed according to rules, matrix was placed, bond-system were
applied and light-cured, composite material was placed by increments, each increment were
light-cured, matrix was removed and final polishing of tooth was done. What stage was missed
during the light-curing composite restoration?
A. *Final light-curing of the restoration after the matrix was removed.
B. Instrumental and medicament treatment of carious cavity.
C. Etching stage.
D. Light-curing of bond-system and composite increments.
E. Final polishing and finishing at the same visit.
225.Deep occlusal cavity on the 26 th tooth; was treated in the following way: instrumental and
medicament treatment, etching and bond-system placement were done correctly, light-curing
composite was placed in two portions; each portion was light-cured, final finishing and polishing
were performed after filling placement. In 2 days patient had complaints on the pain in 26 th
tooth. What is the reason of the pain in the tooth?
A. *Inappropriate filling placement may cause polymerization shrinkage, thus pain in the tooth.
B. Inappropriate choice of the filling material, allergy to the components of the material.
C. Insufficient caries removal were done, thus decay remaining.
D. Not adequate final finishing and polishing.
E. Insufficient light-curing of the composite layers.
226.Middle depth cavity of the 25 th tooth was restored with light-curing composite material in
such stages: adequate caries removal, applying of the etching gel for 15 sec, washed with copies
amount of water for 30 sec and cavity surface was thoroughly dried. Bond-system was applied
and light-cured. Composite material was placed in increments, each increment was light-cured,
final polishing and finishing was done at the same visit. In a few days patient felt pain in the
tooth from cold and hot irritants. What possible reasons could cause this pain?
A. *Overdrying of dentine caused collapse of the demineralized collagenous network; thus,
primer couldnt flow into opened dentine tubules.
B. Overdrying of dentine caused collapse of the demineralized collagenous network; thus, primer
flowed into opened dentine tubules too deep.
C. Overetching of enamel could cause great porosity of it and this cause toxic influence on the
tooth structure.
D. It was necessary to do final finishing and polishing on the next day, to provide strength of the
composite filling.
E. Inadequate choice of material could cause allergy, thus pain in the tooth.
227.What taper could have endodontic instruments?
A. *0.02; 0.04; 0.06; 0.08; 0.10 and 0.12
B. 2%; 4%
C. 0.4; 0.6; 0.8
D. 10; 12
E. 11; 13
228.According to ISO standard taper of endodontic instrument is:
A. *0.02 mm/mm;
B. 0.05 mm/mm;
C. 0.07 mm/mm;
D. 0.08 mm/mm;
E. 0.10 mm/mm;
229.What does it mean the term taper of endodontic instrument?
A. *This means that for every millimeter gain in the length of the cutting blade, the width (taper)
of the instrument increases in size by 0,02 mm;
B. This means that for every centimeter gain in the length of the cutting blade, the width of the
instrument increases in size by 0,02 cm;
C. This means that working part of the instrument has cone shape;
D. This means that endodontic instruments have blunt tips;
E. This means the degree of flexibility and elasticity of instruments;
230.Which statement is true for barbed broaches?
A. *Finger instruments, used to remove the pulp tissue;
B. Small ame-shaped cutting instrument used to enlarge the coronal third of the canal; should
be used only in the straight sections of the canal;
C. Small ame-shaped cutting instrument used to remove gutta- percha during post preparation;
D. Finger instrument used to smooth, shape and enlarge canal;
E. Small exible instrument used to place materials into the canal; fits into the conventional
handpiece;
231.What instruments in endodontic practice are used to facilitate pulp removal?
A. *barbed broaches;
B. K-files and H-files;
C. Lentulo spiral filler;
D. Gates Glidden drills;
E. Peeso Reamer drills;
232.Which statement is true for Gates Glidden drills?
A. *Small ame-shaped cutting instrument used to enlarge the coronal third of the canal; should
B. Finger instruments, used to remove the pulp tissue;
C. Small ame-shaped cutting instrument used to remove gutta- percha during post preparation;
D. Finger instrument used to smooth, shape and enlarge canal;
E. Small exible instrument used to place materials into the canal; fits into the conventional
handpiece;
233.What instruments in endodontic practice are used to enlarge the coronal third of the canal
during endodontic treatment?
A. *Gates Glidden drills;
B. barbed broaches;
C. K-files and H-files;
D. Lentulo spiral filler;
E. Peeso Reamer drills;
234.Which statement is true for Peeso Reamer drills?
A. *Small ame-shaped cutting instrument used to remove gutta- percha during post preparation;
C. Small ame-shaped cutting instrument used to enlarge the coronal third of the canal; should
D. Small exible instrument used to place materials into the canal; fits into the conventional
handpiece;
E. Finger instrument used to smooth, shape and enlarge canal;
235.What instruments in endodontic practice are used to remove gutta -percha during post
preparation?
A. *Peeso Reamer drills;
B. Gates Glidden drills;
C. barbed broaches;
D. K-files and H-files;
E. Lentulo spiral filler;
236.Which statement is true for NiTi (nickel titanium) rotary instruments?
A. *Used to clean and shape the canals; used with endodontic handpiece and motor; are exible
and can follow the canal outline very well;
be used only in the straight sections of the canal; fits into the conventional handpiece;
D. Small exible instrument used to place materials into the canal; fits into the conventional
handpiece;
237.What rotary instruments in endodontic practice are used to clean and shape the canals, are
exible and can follow the canal outline very well?
A. *NiTi (Nickel titanium) rotary instruments ;
B. Peeso Reamer drills;
C. Gates Glidden drills;
D. Hand K-files and H-files;
E. Lentulo spiral filler;
238.Which statement is true for lentulo spiral filler?
A. *Small exible instrument used to place materials into the canal; fit into the conventional
handpiece;
B. Used to clean and shape the canals; used with endodontic handpiece and motor; are exible
and can follow the canal outline very well;
C. Finger instruments are used to remove the pulp tissue;
D. Small ame-shaped cutting instrument used to enlarge the coronal third of the canal; should
239.What instruments in endodontic practice are used to place materials into the canal and fit
into the conventional handpiece?
A. *Lentulo spiral filler;
B. NiTi (Nickel titanium) rotary instruments ;
C. Peeso Reamer drills;
E. K-files and H-files;
240.According to classification that is based on clinical usage of endodontic instruments, they
are classified:
A. *diagnostic instruments; instruments for removing the soft teeth tissues; instruments for
passing, enlargement and shaping of root canals;
B. dentine pins, gutta percha pins, silver pins;
C. vertical and lateral gutta percha condensers;
D. instruments for carious cavity preparation;
E. instruments for oral examination;
241.Which statement is true for K-type-file?
A. *Instruments are made by twisting a square or rhomboid shape metal blank; have blunt tip,
used for enlargement of root canals with a rotary action - clockwise direction;
B. Instruments have fewer turns per unit length than an equivalent-sized file and are intended for
use in a rotary action, have sharp tip and used for root canal passing;
C. Instruments are made from a tapered cylindrical block; in cross-section they have the
appearance of a series of intersecting cones; are intended for removal of roughness from root
canal walls;
D. Instruments that reduce creation of blocks, ledges, transportations and perforations by
remaining centered within the natural path of the canal; useful for curved canals but increased
risk of fracture;
E. Small ame-shaped cutting instrument used to enlarge the coronal third of the canal; should
242.Which statement is true for reamers?
A. *Instruments have fewer turns per unit length than an equivalent-sized file and are intended
for use in a rotary action, have sharp tip and used for root canal passing;
B. Instruments are made by twisting a square or rhomboid shape metal blank; have blunt tip,
C. Instruments are made from a tapered cylindrical block; in cross-section they have the
appearance of a series of intersecting cones; are intended for removal of roughness from root
canal walls;
remaining centered within the natural path of the canal; useful for curved canals but have
increased risk of fracture;
243.Which statement is true for Hedstroem files?
A. *Instruments are made from a tapered cylindrical block; in cross-section they have the
appearance of a series of intersecting cones; used for shaping root canal, are intended for
removal of roughness from root canal walls;
B. Instruments have fewer turns per unit length than an equivalent-sized file and are intended for
C. Instruments are made by twisting a square or rhomboid shape metal blank; have blunt tip,
244.What are the peculiarities of profiles - NiTi rotary instruments usage?
A. *Instruments that reduce creation of blocks, ledges, transportations and perforations by
B. Instruments in cross-section have the appearance of a series of intersecting cones; used with
rasping movements, are intended for removal of roughness from root canal walls;
C. Instruments have fewer turns per unit length than an equivalent-sized file and are intended for
D. Instruments are made by twisting a square or rhomboid shape metal blank; have blunt tip,
E. Cutting rotary instrument used to enlarge the coronal third of the canal; should be used only
in the straight sections of the canal; fits into the conventional handpiece;
245.What is the standardized working length of a file or reamer blade?
A. *16 mm.
B. 5 mm
C. 10 mm
D. 40 mm
E. 50 mm
246.What are the peculiarities of K- type - files usage?
A. *Instruments used for enlargement of root canals with a rotary action - clockwise direction for
- of a turn;
C. Instruments are intended for use with a rotary action for - of a turn, have sharp tip and
used for root canal passing;
remaining centered within the natural path of the canal; used with conventional handpiece;
247.What are the peculiarities of reamers usage?
A. *Instruments are intended for use with a rotary action for - of a turn, have a sharp tip and
C. Instruments used for enlargement of root canals with a rotary action - clockwise direction for
- of a turn;
248.What are the peculiarities of the Hedstroem - files usage?
A. *Instruments are intended for removal of roughness from root canal walls; used for shaping
root canals, with rasping movements in it;
B. Instruments used for enlargement of root canals with a rotary action - clockwise direction for
- of a turn;
C. Instruments that reduce creation of blocks, ledges, transportations and perforations by
D. Instruments are intended for use with a rotary action for - of a turn, have sharp tip and
249.What is the geometric symbol used to identify the K- file?
A. *Square;
B. Round;
C. Triangular;
D. Star;
E. Spiral;
250.What is the geometric symbol used to identify the Hedstroem- file?
A. *Round;
B. Triangular;
C. Square;
D. Star;
E. Spiral;
251.What is the geometric symbol used to identify the reamer?
A. *Triangular;
B. Round;
C. Square;
D. Star;
E. Spiral;
252.What is the geometric symbol used to identify the rotary paste ller?
A. *Spiral;
B. Round;
C. Triangular;
D. Square;
E. Star;
253.Hand endodontic instruments for enlargement of root canals are:
A. *K files;
B. H files;
C. Reamers;
D. NiTi rotary profiles;
E. Barbed broaches;
254.Hand endodontic instruments for passing of root canals are:
A. *Reamers;
B. K files;
C. H files;
E. Barbed broaches;
255.Hand endodontic instruments for shaping the root canals are:
A. *H files;
B. K files;
C. Reamers;
E. Barbed broaches;
256.Hand endodontic instruments for removal of pulp tissue from root canals are:
A. *Barbed broaches;
B. K files;
C. H files;
D. Reamers;
E. NiTi rotary profiles;
257.What are the main goals of root canal treatment?
A. *A removal of pulp and an infected dentine from the inner walls of the root canal;
enlargement and shaping of root canal for its adequate sealing.
B. A removal of decayed dentine from carious cavity, formation of an adequate cavity shape for
appropriate filling;
C. A removal of hanging edges to facilitate better vision of carious cavity;
D. Disclosure of carious cavity, removal of carious dentine, selection of appropriate filling
material according to clinical case;
E. A pulp removal only from tooth cavity, selection of proper treatment;
258.Select proper stages of root canal treatment technique:
A. *All listed are the stages of root canal treatment;
B. disclosure of the tooth cavity;
C. disclosure of the root canal orifices;
D. the root canal passing;
E. the root canal enlargement and shaping;
259.Endodontics it is:
A. *A part of a Therapeutic dentistry that study anatomy, pathology, and treatment of tooth
cavity and root canals;
B. A second name of prosthetics;
C. A part of a Therapeutic dentistry that study oral embryology, histology, anatomy;
D. A part of a Therapeutic dentistry which deals with methods of carious cavities treatment;
E. A part of a Therapeutic dentistry that study organization of working place for qualitative
dentist practical work, the purpose of dental instruments, technics of safety work on dentists
working place;
260.How the size of the endodontic instrument is determined?
A. *by arithmetic sign on the handle and a different color of handles;
B. by color of working part;
C. by a color ring on the handle;
D. All answers are wrong;
E. by geometric symbol;
261.According to ISO the size of endodontic instruments are determined by:
A. * arithmetic sign on the handle and by different colors of handles;
B. color of working part;
C. a color ring on the handle;
D. All answers are wrong;
E. by geometric symbol;
262.What does it mean the number on the handle of the instrument?
A. *tip diameter that are expressed in hundredths of a millimeter
B. Manufacturer
C. the length of the tool
D. length of the handle
E. length of working part
263.What is the full extent of the endodontic instrument shaft:
A. *21, 25, 28 and 31 mm
B. Different
C. depends on the length of roots
D. 10,15,20,25 mm
E. 5, 10, 15 mm
264.A specialised brous connective tissue that surrounds the root area of the tooth is:
A. *periodontal ligament;
B. Periodontium;
C. Pulp;
D. Cementum;
E. Alveolar bone;
265.What does it mean the term periodontium?
A. *Complex of tissues that surrounds the tooth itself;
B. periodontal ligament;
C. a soft vascular connective tissue occupying the center of the tooth;
D. is highly mineralised and the hardest tissue in the body;
E. is a pale yellow, calcied tissue covering the root dentine;
266.What are the components of periodontium?
A. *All listed are the components of periodontium;
B. The gingiva;
C. Bone;
D. Cementum;
E. The periodontal ligament;
267.What is the periodontal ligament?
A. *it is a specialised brous connective tissue that surrounds the root area of the tooth;
B. is a soft vascular connective tissue occupying the center of the tooth;
C. is a pale yellow, calcied tissue covering the root dentine;
D. is highly mineralised and the hardest tissue in the body;
E. complex of tissues that surrounds the tooth itself;
268.Functions of periodontal ligament are:
A. *provides a support mechanism for the tooth, maintains the functional position of a tooth,
maintain and repair the alveolar bone and cementum, detecting pressures on the tooth, provides
nutrients to the cementoblasts.
B. to hold the teeth in the mouth, detecting pressures on the tooth, provides nutrients to the
cementoblasts.
C. provides a support mechanism for the tooth, maintain and repair the alveolar bone and
cementum.
D. maintains the functional position of a tooth, maintain and repair the alveolar bone and cement,
detecting pressures on the tooth.
E. to detect pressures on the tooth, provides nutrients to the cementoblasts.
269. What are the functions of pulp?
A. *provides nutrients to the odontoblasts; rapidly responds to stimuli by laying down reparative
or reactionary dentine; mobilises defence cells when bacteria enter it; play a part in tooth
eruption;
B. protective, involved in eruption, growth and change of teeth; maintains the functional position
of a tooth;
C. maintains the functional position of a tooth, maintain and repair the alveolar bone and cement,
detecting pressures on the tooth; provides nutrients to the odontoblasts;
D. hold the teeth in the mouth, detecting pressures on the tooth, provides nutrients to the
cementoblasts; mobilises defence cells when bacteria enter it; play a part in tooth eruption;
E. detecting pressures on the tooth, provides nutrients to the cementoblasts; rapidly responds to
stimuli by laying down reparative or reactionary dentine;
270.What does it mean the term pulp horns?
A. *It is small projections of the pulp that are found under each cusp;
B. It is pulp that placed inside roots;
C. It is the smallest apical part of pulp;
D. It is cell of the pulp in the form of horns;
E. All answers are wrong;
271.Methods for determining the working length of the canal are:
A. *the estimated length of the tooth and root (diagram and anatomical ways), X-ray control and
method with the help of electrometer;
B. X-ray method after entering the root's needle in canal;
C. by apex location only;
D. by files and reamer;
E. by root's needle only;
272.What is the working length of a root canal?
A. *distance from any landmark on the tooth crown to the physiological apex;
B. distance from the canal orifice to the apical hole;
C. the length of the root at all;
D. distance from any landmark on the tooth crown to the apical hole;
E. distance from canal orifice to physiological apex;
273.What does it mean the term physiological apex of the root canal?
A. *constriction of the root canal, the border between pulp and periodontal ligament, placed 1
mm away from the X-ray hole;
B. it is an apical foramen;
C. a place of transition the dentin into cement;
D. it is apex that is visible on X-rays;
E. it is entrance to the root canal;
274.How it is recommended to provide root-filling?
A. * to the physiological constriction;
B. to the X-ray apical hole;
C. to the anatomical hole;
D. to extrude filling material from apical hole;
E. 6 mm away from physiological hole;
275.Passing and enlargement of canals are required for:
A. *Removal of infected dentin and creation of favorable conditions for root-filling;
B. for the elimination of inflammation in periodontal ligament;
C. for sterilization and disinfection of root canal;
D. for medical treatment of root canal;
E. to remove residual pulp in canal;
276.What does it mean the term anatomical apex of the root canal?
A. *a place of transition the dentin into cement;
B. constriction of the root canal, the border between pulp and periodontal ligament, placed 1 mm
away from the X-ray hole;
C. it is entrance to the root canal;
D. it is apex that is visible on X-rays;
E. such term does not exist;
277.In what clinical cases it is recommended to provide root-filling to the X-ray hole?
A. *In the case of apical periodontitis;
B. In the case of pulpitis;
C. In the case of dental caries;
D. There are no specific cases for such root-filling;
E. In the case of purulent pulpitis;
278.What does it mean standard of ISO?
A. *it is the international system of calibration of instruments, which strictly regulates the
parameters of endodontic instruments;
B. unknown abbreviation;
C. commission for standardizations;
D. organization of dentists of Ukraine;
E. organization of dentists of Europe;
279.What are the advantages of ISO standard?
A. *this system allows apply instruments gradually, with the smooth transition from one caliber
to other and with the smallest risk of instrument failure or perforation of root ;
B. instruments are not fractured in root-canals;
C. endodontic instruments are made from super strong alloys;
D. flexible instruments ;
E. all answers are correct;
280.The root canal is divided into:
A. *crown, middle and apical parts;
B. crown, physiological hole, anatomical hole;
C. root canal itself and its branches;
D. crown part and apical part;
E. X-ray apex, anatomical apex, root entrances;
281.What an electrical device allow the operator to estimate the canal length?
A. *An apex locator
B. Obtura II;
C. Thermafil;
D. An orifice locator;
E. Ultrafil;
282.A dentist is going to perform an endodontic treatment; after proper tooth cavity disclosure
and enlargement of root canals orifices he should do cleaning and shaping of root canal. What
basic hand endodontic instruments it is necessary to choose for this reason?
A. *K-type files, reamers, H-files;
B. Gates Glidden;
C. PeesoReamers;
D. Different sizes and shapes of burs;
E. NiTi profiles;
283.Reaming it is:
A. *An instrumental treatment of root canal with reamers or files with reaming motion:
penetration, clockwise rotation for one-quarter to one-half turn and retraction;
B. Treatment with the help of U- and H-files, including rasping of tissues from the walls of
canal by horizontal motions up-down without turning;
C. An instrumental treatment with K-type file or H-file with filing motion: pressure is applied
against the canal wall, rasping movements without turning during withdrawal;
D. An instrumental treatment with NiTi rotary instruments with rasping movements;
E. Such concept does not exist;
284.Which statement is true for filing?
A. *An instrumental treatment of root canal with H-file or K-type file with filing motion:
pressure is applied against the canal wall, rasping movements without turning during retraction;
B. An instrumental treatment of root canal with K-reamer and U- file with filing motion: rasping
movements without turning during retraction;
C. An instrumental treatment of root canal with reamers or files with reaming motion:
penetration, clockwise rotation for one-quarter to one-half turn and retraction;
D. An instrumental treatment with NiTi rotary instruments with rasping movements;
E. All statements are false;
285.Which movements can be done in the canal by K-reamer and K-file:
A. * rotation motion - clockwise, but not more than for - of a turn;
B. rasping movements, up and down;
C. anticlockwise movements;
D. rasping and rotation motions both for reamer and file;
E. anticlockwise movements for - of a turn
286.Which movements can be done in the canal by H-file :
A. *rasping movements, up and down;
B. clockwise movements, but not more than for of a turn;
C. rotation motion, but not more than for - of a turn;
D. anticlockwise movements;
E. rasping and rotation movements;
287.What types of endodontic hand-pieces are:
A. *type 1 - provide clockwise a turn at a speed of 100-300 r / min, type 2 - provide reciprocal
movements, 3rd - provide a turned movement tool back and forth within the 90;
B. Air -turbine, conventional slow-speed;
C. 300 NTS, NTS-500, air turbine handpiece;
D. Air - turbine, pneumatic, electric- motion;
E. conventional slow-speed: straight and angular;
288.What manufacturing company and when were first to introduce K-style instrument for
endodontic practice?
A. *The Kerr Manufacturing Company in 1980s;
B. VOCO in 1980s;
C. GC in 2009;
D. SpofaDental in 2000s;
E. This instrument is not introduced yet;
289.Which statement is true for K-flex file?
A. *An instrument with an increased flexibility and cutting characteristics, due to its decreased
contact with the canal walls, provides a space reservoir that, with proper irrigation, reduces the
danger of packing debris through apical foramen;
B. Instruments that reduce creation of blocks, ledges, transportations and perforations by
D. Instruments have fewer turns per unit length than an equivalent-sized file and are intended for
E. Small exible instrument used to place materials into the canal; fit into the conventional
handpiece;
290.Filing motion is done:
A. with H-file or K-type file with rasping movements without turning during retraction;
B. with K-reamer and U- file with rasping movements without turning during retraction;
C. with reamers or files with penetration, clockwise rotation for one-quarter to one-half turn and
retraction;
D. with NiTi rotary instruments by rasping movements;
E. All statements are false;
291.Reaming motion is done:
A. *with reamers or files with penetration, clockwise rotation for one-quarter to one-half turn
and retraction;
B. with U- and H-files, including rasping of tissues from the walls of canal by horizontal motions
up-down without turning;
C. with K-type file or H-file with rasping movements without turning during withdrawal;
D. with NiTi rotary instruments by rasping movements;
E. with barbed broaches by clockwise rotation motion;
292.What are the stages of root canal treatment technique?
A. *All listed are the stages of root canal treatment;
B. disclosure of the tooth cavity;
C. disclosure of the root canal orifices;
D. the root canal passing;
E. the root canal enlargement and shaping;
293.Endodontic instruments that are made by twisting a square or rhomboid shape metal blank;
have blunt tip, used for enlargement of root canals with a rotary action - clockwise direction:
A. *K-type-file
B. Reamers;
C. H-files;
D. NiTi rotary instruments;
E. Gates Glidden drills;
294.Endodontic instruments that have loose spiral and are intended for use in a rotary action,
have sharp tip and used for root canal passing?
A. *reamers;
B. K-type-file;
C. NiTi rotary instruments;
E. H-files;
295.Endodontic instruments that are made from a tapered cylindrical block; in cross-section they
have the appearance of a series of intersecting cones; used for shaping root canal, are intended
for removal of roughness from root canal:
A. *Hedstroem files;
B. reamers;
C. K-type-file;
D. NiTi rotary instruments;
E. Gates Glidden drills;
296.What is it necessary to be done to facilitate root canal orifice finding if one cannot find canal
orifice by probe?
A. *it is necessary to color the bottom of the tooth cavity by solution of dye (magenta, methylene
blue, etc.)
B. make X-ray
C. conduct research using the current (EDI)
D. to drop a solution of hydrogen peroxide
E. search by instruments
297.For what purpose is it necessary to enlarge the root canal orifices?
A. *for easier passing and sealing root canals;
B. for the full removal of the pulp or debris from the root canal;
C. for root canal sealing only ;
D. for medicament treatment;
E. for medicament treatment and sealing;
298.Disclosure of the tooth cavity is conducted in a proper way, if there is:
A. *a free access to root canals is created;
B. an absence of insufficient enamel around the edges of the tooth cavity;
C. removed all the affected tissue by caries and old fillings;
D. unequal edges;
E. all answers are correct
299.What are the stages of instrumental treatment of root canal :
A. *Disclosure of tooth cavity, gaining access to the canal orifice, disclosure of the canal
orifices, enlargement and shaping of canal;
B. Removal of the decay from the canal, expansion of the canal;
C. Step-back technique only;
D. Disclosure of the tooth cavity, medicament treatment of the root canal;
E. Crown-down technique only;
300.What are the stages of tooth cavity disclosure?
A. *Unroofing of pulp chamber; gaining straight-line access to root canal orifices; final forming
of carious cavity and tooth cavity.
B. Carious cavity disclosure, necrectomy; formation the cavity for filling; smoothing the edges
of enamel.
C. Smoothing the enamel edges and carious cavity shaping;
D. Necrectomy and unroofing of pulp chamber;
E. All listed are correct;
301.The ideals of endodontic access are as follows:
A. *Complete removal of the chamber roof; removal of coronal pulp; straight-line access to
facilitate placement of endodontic instruments.
B. Total removal of insufficient enamel on the carious cavity edges.
C. Total necrectomy of carious cavity.
D. Complete removal of the chamber roof; removal of coronal pulp only.
E. All listed are correct.
302.What is the end result that should be gained in endodontic treatment of root canal?
A. *root canal should be tapered in its original position with a small apical opening.
B. root canal should be enlarged to the possible biggest size of endodontic instrument.
C. root canal should be tapered in its original position with extended anatomical hole.
D. root canal enlarged only in its crown part of root.
E. root canal should have curvature in its crown part of root.
303.What does it mean the term pulpotomy?
A. *Treatment procedure by which only coronal pulp tissue is surgically removed with the aim of
preserving the remaining tissue.
B. Treatment procedure by which entire pulp tissue, often inflamed, is surgically removed and
replaced with a root filling.
C. Treatment procedure aimed at preserving a dental pulp that has been exposed to the oral
environment.
D. Treatment of inflamed dental pulp by placing therapeutic lining.
E. Treatment of root filled teeth with clinical and/or radiographic signs of root canal infection,
where root fillings are removed, canals disinfected and refilled; is carried out to improve the
technical quality of previous root fillings.
304.What does it mean the term pulpectomy?
A. *Treatment procedure by which entire pulp tissue, often inflamed, is surgically removed and
B. Treatment procedure by which the coronal pulp tissue is surgically removed with the aim of
environment.
305.Which statement is true for non-surgical retreatment?
A. *Treatment of root filled teeth with clinical and/or radiographic signs of root canal infection,
B. Retrograde endodontics or surgical endodontics are other terms for this procedure; treatment
procedure by which the root apex of a tooth is surgically accessed to manage a root canal
infection that has not been successfully treated by RCT.
C. Treatment procedure by which entire pulp tissue, often inflamed, is surgically removed and
D. Treatment procedure by which the coronal pulp tissue is surgically removed with the aim of
E. Treatment procedure aimed at preserving a dental pulp that has been exposed to the oral
environment.
306.Which statement is true for surgical retreatment?
A. *Retrograde endodontics or surgical endodontics are other terms for this procedure; treatment
procedure by which the root apex of a tooth is surgically accessed to manage a root canal
infection that has not been successfully treated by RCT.
B. Treatment of root filled teeth with clinical and/or radiographic signs of root canal infection,
technical quality of previous root fillings..
C. Treatment procedure by which entire pulp tissue, often inflamed, is surgically removed and
D. Treatment procedure by which the coronal pulp tissue is surgically removed with the aim of
E. Treatment procedure aimed at preserving a dental pulp that has been exposed to the oral
environment.
307.How is it termed the treatment of root filled teeth with clinical and/or radiographic signs of
root canal infection, where root fillings are removed, canals are disinfected and refilled?
A. *non-surgical retreatment
B. surgical retreatment;
C. pulpotomy or pulp amputation;
D. pulpectomy or pulp extirpation;
308.Name the treatment procedure by which the root apex of a tooth is surgically accessed to
manage a root canal infection that has not been successfully treated by RCT:
A. *surgical retreatment
B. pulpotomy or pulp amputation;
C. pulpectomy or pulp extirpation;
D. all answers are correct;
E. non-surgical retreatment
309.Name the treatment procedure by which the entire coronal pulp tissue is surgically removed
with the aim of preserving the remaining tissue:
A. *pulpotomy or pulp amputation;
B. pulpectomy or pulp extirpation;
C. surgical retreatment;
D. non-surgical retreatment;
310.Name the treatment procedure by which pulp tissue, often inflamed, is surgically removed
and replaced with a root filling:
A. *pulpectomy or pulp extirpation;
B. pulpotomy or pulp amputation;
C. surgical retreatment;
D. non-surgical retreatment;
311.Treatment of root filled teeth with clinical and/or radiographic signs of root canal infection,
where root fillings are removed, canals disinfected and refilled is called:
A. *non-surgical retreatment;
B. surgical retreatment;
C. pulpotomy or pulp amputation;
D. pulpectomy or pulp extirpation;
312.Retrograde endodontics procedure by which the root apex of a tooth is surgically accessed to
manage a root canal infection that has not been successfully treated by RCT is termed:
A. *surgical retreatment;
B. non-surgical retreatment;
C. pulpectomy or pulp extirpation;
D. pulpotomy or pulp amputation;
313.An apical-crown method of root canal treatment envisages:
A. *treatment from the apical hole to canal orifices with gradually increasing of instrument
diameter;
B. root canal treatment that starts from canal orifices to apical hole with a gradual decrease in
instrument diameter;
C. root canal treatment starting coronally with larger instruments, after the procedure is reversed,
it starts at the apex with small instruments;
D. disclosure of root canal orifices;
314.The crown-apical method of root canal treatment envisages:
A. *root canal treatment that starts from canal orifices to apical hole with a gradual decrease in
B. treatment from the apical hole to canal orifices with gradually increasing of instrument
diameter;
C. root canal treatment starting coronally with larger instruments, after the procedure is reversed,
it starts at the apex with small instruments;
315.The hybrid method of root canal treatment envisages:
A. *root canal treatment starting coronally with larger instruments, then the procedure is
reversed, starting at the apex with small instruments;
B. root canal treatment that starts from canal orifices to apical hole with a gradual decrease in
C. treatment from the apical hole to canal orifices with gradually increasing of instrument
diameter;
316.Which statement is true for modified double-flared technique?
A. *hybrid method of treatment that envisages root canal treatment starting coronally with larger
instruments, then the procedure is reversed, starting at the apex with small instruments,
increasing in size;
B. apical-crown method of treatment that envisages treatment from the apical hole to canal
orifices with gradually increasing of instrument diameter;
C. crown-apical method of treatment that envisages root canal treatment that starts from canal
orifices to apical hole with a gradual decrease in instrument diameter;
D. it was developed to minimize the possibility of creating a 'strip' perforation on the inner walls
of curved root canals;
E. all statements are correct;
317.Which statement is true for step-back technique?
A. *An apical part of the root canal is prepared first and the canal is then widened from apex to
crown; blockage of canals may occur using this technique, and irrigation can be difficult.
B. At first prepares the coronal part of the canal before the apical part; this has advantages and is
the preferred technique.
C. It was developed to minimize the possibility of creating a 'strip' perforation on the inner walls
of curved root canals.
D. Its involves using blunt-tipped files with an anticlockwise rotation whilst applying an
apically directed force; is useful when preparing the apical part of severely curved canals.
E. There is no correct statement.
318.Which statement is true for crown-down technique?
A. *At first prepares the coronal part of the canal before the apical part; this has advantages and
is the preferred technique.
B. It was developed to minimize the possibility of creating a 'strip' perforation on the inner walls
C. Its involves using blunt-tipped files with an anticlockwise rotation whilst applying an
D. An apical part of the root canal is prepared first and the canal is then widened from apex to
A. There is no correct statement.
319.Which statement is true for balanced force technique?
A. *Its involves using blunt-tipped files with an anticlockwise rotation whilst applying an
apically directed force. It requires practise to master but is particularly useful when preparing the
apical part of severely curved canals.
B. It was developed to minimize the possibility of creating a 'strip' perforation on the inner walls
C. An apical part of the root canal is prepared first and the canal is then widened from apex to
D. At first prepares the coronal part of the canal before the apical part; this has advantages and is
320.Which statement is true for anticurvature filing?
A. *It was developed to minimize the possibility of creating a 'strip' perforation on the inner
walls of curved root canals.
B. Its involves using blunt-tipped files with an anticlockwise rotation whilst applying an
C. At first prepares the coronal part of the canal before the apical part; this has advantages and is
D. An apical part of the root canal is prepared first and the canal is then widened from apex to
321.The technique that involves using blunt-tipped files with an anticlockwise rotation whilst
applying an apically directed force; requires practise to master but is particularly useful when
preparing the apical part of severely curved canals is named:
A. *balanced force technique;
B. anticurvature filing;
C. crown-down technique;
D. step-back technique;
E. modified double-flared technique;
322.Root canal treatment technique that was developed to minimize the possibility of creating a
'strip' perforation on the inner walls of curved root canals is termed:
A. *anticurvature filing;
B. balanced force technique;
C. step-back technique;
D. crown-down technique;
E. modified double-flared technique.
323.The RCT technique according to which an apical part of the root canal is prepared first and
the canal is then enlarged from apex to crown is named:
A. *step-back technique;
C. balanced force technique;
324.The RCT technique according to which the coronal part of the canal is prepared before the
apical part is named:
A. *crown-down technique;
E. modified step-back;
325.The RCT technique according to which the root canal instrumentation starts as the crown-
down approach, then the procedure is reversed, starting at the apex with small instruments,
increasing in size gradually, is called:
A. *modified double-flared technique;
B. crown-down technique;
C. anticurvature filing;
D. balanced force technique;
E. step-back technique;
326.What is the procedure of balanced force technique in RCT?
A. *The file is placed to working length and rotated clockwise 900 with light pressure to engage
dentin; then file is rotated counterclockwise 1200 while apical pressure is maintained to cut and
enlarge the canal.
B. After determining the WL, the first active instrument to be inserted should be fine small sized,
0,02 tapered, stainless steel file; once the apical preparation is complete, Gates Glidden are used
to further funnel the preparation coronally.
C. At first H-file 15, 20 is penetrated root canal; then Gates Glidden drills flaring the coronal
segment of root canal is used; then shaping the remaining canal in crown-down approach, using
decreasing size of instruments in sequence.
D. After pulp removal with barbed broaches, root canal instrumentation is carried out only with
small sized reamers and K-type files.
327.What is the procedure of step-back technique in RCT?
A. *After determining the WL, the first active instrument to be inserted should be fine small
sized, 0,02 tapered, stainless steel file; once the apical preparation is complete, Gates Glidden are
used to further funnel the preparation coronally.
B. The file is placed to working length and rotated clockwise 900 with light pressure to engage
enlarge the canal.
328.What is the procedure of crown-down technique in RCT?
A. *At first H-file 15, 20 is penetrated root canal; then Gates Glidden drills flaring the coronal
enlarge the canal.
C. After determining the WL, the first active instrument to be inserted should be fine small sized,
329.Intracanal medicaments are advocated to:
A. *all listed are the properties of intracanal medicaments;
B. eliminate bacteria after chemomechanical instrumentation;
C. reduce inflammation of the periapical tissues;
D. dissolve remaining organic material;
E. counteract coronal microleakage;
330.Endodontic needles for delivery of irrigants are manufactured with:
A. *a cut away tip to allow irrigant to pass out sideways and reduce the risk of apical extrusion;
B. a sharp tip to allow the irrigant to flow exactly to the apical hole;
C. both cut away tip and sharp tip, thus dentist can choose for himself;
D. a ball-ended tip to prevent damage of periodontal ligament;
331.Name a solutions that can be used as irrigants in medicament treatment of root canals:
B. 3% sodium hypochlorite;
C. 0,2% chlorhexidini;
D. Formokrezol;
E. Dikamfen;
332.What is generally considered to be the best irrigant in endodontic practice?
A. *2,5% dilute sodium hypochlorite;
B. 3% H2O2 ;
C. 0,2% chlorhexidini;
D. distillated water;
E. 37% orthophosphoric acid;
333.In especially narrow and sclerosed root canals to facilitate passing and enlargement of root
canals, additional chemical expansion is conducted. Name the solutions that are used in this case:
A. *products based on EDTA;
B. 10% polyacrylic acid;
C. products based on Bis-GMA;
D. products based on TEGDMA;
E. products based on RMGIC;
334.What drugs are used to facilitate passing and enlargement of root canals in especially narrow
and sclerosed root canals?
A. *products based on EDTA;
D. products based on TEGDMA;
E. products based on RMGIC;
335.What are the drugs for chemical enlargement of root canals, except products based on
EDTA?
A. *A solutions of citric and propionic acids;
D. Polyalkenoic acid;
E. Sol. of orthophosphoric acid;
336.What are the advantages of root canal orifices enlargement in RCT?
A. *all listed are the advantages of root canal orifices enlargement;
B. effectively decrease the curvature in the coronal part of the root canal;
C. allows straighter access for files to the apical region;
D. allows improved access for the flow of irrigant solution within the canal;
E. reduces the probability of apical extrusion of infected material;
337.What are the common errors in canal preparation?
A. *All listed are possible errors in canal preparation;
B. Apical and lateral perforations;
C. Ledge formation;
D. Zipping;
E. Elbow formation;
338.During endodontic treatment the fracture of stainless steel file was occurred. What is the
most convenient method of fractured instrument removal?
A. *Ultrasonic vibration is applied;
B. To leave instrument in canal and never mention about this;
C. To remove it with fingers;
D. To use conventional handpiece and burs for removal;
339.The clinician is going to perform RCT by step-back technique. Name basic stages of this
technique?
enlarge the canal.
340.The clinician is going to perform RCT by crown-down technique. Name basic stages of this
technique?
A. *At first H-file is penetrated into root canal; then Gates Glidden drills flaring the coronal
segment of root canal is used; after is shaping of the remaining canal in crown-down approach,
using decreasing size of instruments in sequence.
enlarge the canal.
341.What sequence of endodontic instruments sizes is recommended during using step-back
instrumentation?
A. *10-15-10-20-15-25-20 meaning, the reuse of files; one size smaller than the last one used
to prevent blockage of the canal by debris;
B. 25-20-25-15-20-10 meaning, the reuse of files; one size smaller than the last one used to
prevent blockage of the canal by debris;
C. to prevent blockage of the canal by debris H-files are used in sequence;
D. 10-15-20-25 and irrigation of canal is required;
342.During an endodontic treatment of root canal the doctor apply clockwise rotation for of a
turn with H-file. What possible error may happen if H-file is used with rotation?
A. *fracture of an instrument;
B. ledge formation;
C. apical perforation;
D. apical transportation of debris;
E. elbow formation;
343.The doctor for root canal treatment is going to use step-back instrumentation. What
sequence of endodontic instruments should be used for this technique?
344.During endodontic RCT according to step-back-instrumentation such sequence of
endodontic instruments were used: 10-15-20-25 sizes of files and reamers. What possible
problem may cause such sequence of endodontic instruments sizes? How to manage this
problem?
A. *Ledge formation; return to a small file curved at the apex to the working length and use this
to try and file away the ledge;
B. Fracture of instrument; ultrasonic vibration may be used to facilitate fractured instrument
removal;
C. Apical transportation ; the use of flexible files reduces the likelihood of this happening;
D. Strip perforation; anticurvature filing with K-flex files is used to reduce probability of this;
E. Lateral perforation: better access and vision can eliminate this error;
345.In the patient of 65 years old during endodontic RCT was revealed pulp stone in root canal,
this make difficulties in RCT. What means can be used to facilitate root canal passing and
enlargement?
A. *Gels based on EDTA;
B. Ultrasonic vibrations;
C. EDI is used to dislodge the pulp stone;
D. Sharp probe is used;
E. Solution of polyalkenoic acid;
346.During endodontic treatment of the 36 tooth in elderly person, dentist revealed that canals
are sclerosed and obliterated. What is used to facilitate passing and enlargement of canals?
E. Gels based on phosphoric acid;
347.To provide irrigants to the root canal is used:
A. *Endodontic safe-ended syringes
B. Aspirating syringe with labeled parts
C. Millers Needles
D. Endodontic sharp-ended syringes
E. No correct answer
348.Step-back technique belong to:
A. *apical-crown treatment methods;
B. crown-apical treatment methods;
C. hybrid method of treatment;
D. Anticurvature filing;
E. Balanced force technique;
349.Crown-down technique belong to:
A. *crown-apical treatment methods;
B. apical-crown treatment methods;
C. hybrid method of treatment;
D. Anticurvature filing;
E. Balanced force technique;
350.Patient R. 30 years old, endodontic treatment of 34 tooth was carried out. The root canal was
sealed with gutta-percha pins and epoxy sealer; control X-ray was held. What is the main
criterion of root canal quality sealing?
A. *"The root seal " tightly fill the entire canal and is located at physiological apex"
B. "The root seal" tightly fill the entire canal and is located at anatomical top "
C. "The root seal" with a slight excess is derived from apical hole
D. "The root seal" is placed at 2 mm before reaching the "X-ray top" of the root
E. "The root seal" is placed at physiological apex" but doesnt obturate root canal tightly.
351.Absorbent paper points are used for:
A. *root canal drying;
B. root canal filing;
C. to provide medications;
D. delivery of irrigants;
352.Prepared root canal for sealing, regardless of the method of instrumental treatment, must
fulfill the following criteria, as follows:
B. To be sufficiently enlarged and tapered;
C. To have formed an apical stop;
D. Do not have typical smell and painful reaction to percussion;
E. To be clean and dry;
353.Standards of root canal instrumentation are as follows:
B. To be sufficiently enlarged and tapered;
C. To have formed an apical stop;
D. Do not have typical smell and painful reaction to percussion;
E. To be clean and dry;
354.Barbed broaches are placed into the root canal to:
A. *the feeling of resistance;
B. the phisiological constriction;
C. the anatomical length;
D. to the X-ray apex;
E. all correct answers;
355.What process is done during instrumental and medicament treatment of root canals?
A. *Removal of pulp remnants;
B. Root canal passing to the anatomical hole;
C. Creating ledges for better fixation of sealer;
D. No correct answer;
E. All correct answers;
356.What movements are done in root canal with barbed broaches during the pulp removal
process?
A. *Rotation for 1-2 turns;
B. Rotation for several times;
C. Rotation to the feeling of dentine engaging and backward;
D. No correct answer;
E. All correct answers;
357.What is the final result should be gained during instrumental treatment of root canal?
A. *A tapered canal with formed apical stop;
B. An apical hole diameter that doesnt exceed 0,6 mm
C. Diameter of orifices, that doesnt exceed 1 mm
D. No correct answer
E. All correct answers
358.Which statement is true for qualitative root canal treatment?
B. To have formed an apical stop.
C. Do not contain a necrotic dentin;
D. To be cleaned and dried;
E. To be sufficiently enlarged and tapered;
359.What is the percentage of Iodide solution that is used for root canal medicament treatment?
A. *2-5 %
B. 0,2 %
C. 1 %
D. 3 %
E. 6 %
360.The term pulpotomy means:
A. *Treatment procedure by which only coronal pulp tissue is surgically removed with the aim of
B. Treatment procedure by which entire pulp tissue, often inflamed, is surgically removed and
environment.
where root fillings are removed, canals disinfected and refilled.
361.The term pulpectomy means:
A. *Treatment procedure by which entire pulp tissue, often inflamed, is surgically removed and
B. Treatment procedure by which the coronal pulp tissue is surgically removed with the aim of
environment.
E. Treatment of root filled teeth with clinical or radiographic signs of root canal infection, where
root fillings are removed, canals disinfected and refilled.
362.The RCT technique that involves using blunt-tipped files with an anticlockwise rotation
whilst applying an apically directed force; is particularly useful when preparing the apical part of
severely curved canals is named:
A. *balanced force technique;
363.RCT technique that was developed to minimize the possibility of creating a 'strip'
perforation on the inner walls of curved root canals is termed:
A. *anticurvature filing;
B. balanced force technique;
C. step-back technique;
E. modified double-flared technique.
364.The RCT technique according to which an apical part of the root canal is prepared first and
the canal is then enlarged from apex to crown is named:
A. *step-back technique;
365.The RCT technique according to which the coronal part of the canal is prepared before the
apical part, is named:
A. *crown-down technique;
E. modified step-back;
366.Common errors in canal preparation are as follows:
A. *All listed are possible errors in canal preparation;
B. Apical and lateral perforations;
C. Ledge formation;
D. Zipping;
E. Elbow formation;
367.The patient of 65 years old appealed for endodontic RCT; dentist took gel based on EDTA to
facilitate root canal passing and enlargement. What possible endodontic problem may influence
doctor to use that medication?
A. *pulp stone in root canal;
B. intractable infection;
C. elbow formation;
D. fractured instrument;
E. pulp chamber floor perfortion;
368.The patient appealed to the doctor for endodontic RCT of 36 tooth; on X-ray, curved root
canals was revealed. Careless instrumentation of root canals were held, thus fracture of stainless
steel file was occurred. What is the most convenient method of fractured instrument removal?
369.What is master apical file?
A. *File that is used for final treatment of apical part of the root canal to the working length;
B. File that is used in instrumental treatment of root canal orifices;
C. File that is used to estimate working length;
D. File that is used for preparing the apical part of severely curved canals;
E. File that is used for smoothing walls of root canal;
370.What is working length?
A. *It is distance from cusp or incisal edge of the crown to the physiological hole;
B. It is distance from root canal orifices to the physiological hole;
C. It is length of the root;
D. It is distance from any prominent point on the crown to the root canal orifices;
E. Any of above;
371.How can the working length of root canal be estimated?
A. *With the help of diagrams, X-ray, electrical devices;
B. Approximately to the dentists view;
C. Only with X-ray examination;
D. With canal filer;
E. Any of above;
372.What instruments are used to facilitate root canal sealing?
B. Lentulo spiral ller;
C. Finger spreader;
D. Endodontic plugger;
E. Finger lateral condenser;
373.Small exible instrument used to place paste materials into the canal, fits into conventional
handpiece is named:
A. *Lentulo spiral ller/rotary paste ller;
B. Finger spreader;
C. Endodontic plugger;
D. Finger lateral condenser;
E. K-flex file;
374.Which statement is true for lentulo spiral ller/rotary paste ller?
A. *Small exible instrument used to place paste materials into the canal, fits into conventional
handpiece;
B. Finger instrument with a smooth, pointed, tapered working end; used to condense gutta percha
into the canal during obturation;
C. Hand instrument, is used to facilitate plugging or condensing the gutta percha after the excess
has been removed by melting off with a heated instrument;
D. An instrument used to enlarge the coronal third of the canal during endodontic treatment;
E. Endodontic instrument used to enlarge and shape root canal;
375.What endodontic instrument is used to seal root canals with pastes?
A. *Lentulo spiral ller;
B. Finger spreader;
E. H-file;
376.Finger instrument with a smooth, pointed, tapered working end; used to condense gutta
percha into the canal during obturation is named:
A. *Finger spreader;
D. Hand K-flex files;
E. H-file;
377.Which statement is true for finger spreader in endodontic practice?
A. *Finger instrument with a smooth, pointed, tapered working end; used to condense gutta
percha into the canal during obturation;
B. Small exible instrument used to place paste materials into the canal, fits into conventional
handpiece;
C. Finger instrument used to remove the intact pulp;
378.What finger instrument with a smooth, pointed, tapered working end is used to condense
gutta percha into the canal during obturation?
E. H-file;
379.What hand instrument, is used to facilitate plugging or condensing the gutta percha after the
excess has been removed by melting off with a heated instrument?
A. *Endodontic plugger;
B. Finger spreader;
C. Hand K-flex files;
E. H-file;
380.Which statement is true for endodontic plugger?
A. *Hand instrument, is used to facilitate plugging or condensing the gutta percha after the
excess has been removed by melting off with a heated instrument;
handpiece;
C. Finger instrument with a smooth, pointed, tapered working end; used to condense gutta percha
381.Hand instrument, that is used to facilitate plugging or condensing the gutta percha after the
excess has been removed by melting off with a heated instrument is named:
B. Finger spreader;
C. Lentulo spiral ller;
E. H-file;
382.What are the fillers from the listed below?
A. *Solids and semisolids;
B. pastes;
C. paraformaldehyde pastes;
D. calcium hydroxide paste;
E. all are correct;
383.What are the sealers from the listed below?
A. *pastes;
B. Solids;
C. Semisolids;
D. Composite material;
E. All are correct;
384.Materials that fill the space between the canal wall and core obturation material, fill lateral
and accessory canals, isthmuses, and irregularities in the root canal system are called:
A. *Sealers;
B. Fillers;
C. Temporary filling;
D. Composite material;
E. All are correct;
385.Which statement is true for sealer?
A. *Materials that fill the space between the canal wall and core obturation material, fill lateral
and accessory canals.
B. Non-soluble, non-irritant points that are condensed into the root canals during obturation;
C. It is solid or semisolid core filling material that is used together with a paste to obturate a root
canal;
D. filling material which combines properties of glass ionomers and ormocers;
E. filling material which combines properties of metals and composites;
386.Which statement is true for filler?
A. *It is solid or semisolid core filling material that is used together with paste to provide tight
obturation of root canal;
B. Materials that fill the space between the canal wall and core obturation material, fill lateral
and accessory canals;
C. filling material which combines properties of glass ionomers and ormocers;
D. filling material which combines properties of metals and composites;
E. All are correct;
387.A solid or semisolid core filling material that is used together with paste to provide tight
obturation of root canal is termed:
A. *Fillers;
B. Sealers;
C. Pastes;
D. K-type files;
388.The most popular sealers are grouped by type:
B. Zinc oxide-eugenol formulations;
C. Calcium hydroxide sealers;
D. Glass- ionomers;
E. Resins;
389.What are the most popular types of sealers?
B. Zinc oxide-eugenol formulations;
C. Calcium hydroxide sealers;
D. Glass- ionomers;
E. Resins;
390.What are the main properties that endodontic sealer should possess?
B. It should be radiopaque so that it can be visualized on X-ray.
C. It should not shrink on setting.
D. It should be bacteriostatic or at least not encourage bacterial growth.
E. It should be tissue-tolerant, that is nonirritating to periradicular tissue.
391.The main properties that endodontic sealer should possess are as follows:
B. It should be radiopaque so that it can be visualized on X-ray.
C. It should not shrink on setting.
D. It should be bacteriostatic or at least not encourage bacterial growth.
E. It should be tissue-tolerant, that is nonirritating to periradicular tissue.
392.Treatment procedure by which closure of root apex is promoted in teeth where loss of
vitality has occurred before normal growth and development of the tooth was completed, is
termed:
A. *Apexification;
B. Apexogenesis ;
C. Pulp capping;
D. Pulpotomy (amputation);
E. Root canal treatment;
393.Treatment procedure by which the preservation of the radicular pulp tissue allows
continuing development and apical maturation of teeth with open apices, is termed:
A. *Apexogenesis;
B. Apexification;
C. Pulp capping;
D. Pulpotomy (amputation);
E. Root canal treatment;
394.What does it mean the term apexogenesis?
A. *Treatment procedure by which the preservation of the radicular pulp tissue allows continuing
development and apical maturation of teeth with open apices.
B. Treatment procedure by which closure of root apex is promoted in teeth where loss of vitality
has occurred before normal growth and development of the tooth was completed.
C. Treatment procedure by which entire pulp tissue (often inflamed) is surgically removed and
D. Treatment procedure aimed at preserving a dental pulp that has been exposed to the oral
environment.
E. Treatment of teeth with necrotic pulps where root canals are often infected
395.What does it mean the term apexification?
A. *Treatment procedure by which closure of root apex is promoted in teeth where loss of
vitality has occurred before normal growth and development of the tooth was completed.
B. Treatment procedure by which the preservation of the radicular pulp tissue allows continuing
environment.
E. Treatment of teeth with necrotic pulps where root canals are often infected.
396.What material is used to promote apexogenesis and apexification in endodontic practice?
A. *Materials based on calcium hydroxide;
B. Paraformaldehyde paste;
C. Zinc oxide-eugenol formulations;
D. Resins;
E. Zinc-phosphate cement;
397.Materials that are used to promote both apexogenesis and apexification in RCT are as
follows:
A. *Calcium hydroxide sealers;
B. Paraformaldehyde paste;
C. Compomers;
D. Resins;
E. Zinc-phosphate cement;
398.Which statement is true for apexogenesis?
A. *Treatment procedure by which the preservation of the radicular pulp tissue allows continuing
B. Treatment procedure by which closure of root apex is promoted in teeth where loss of vitality
has occurred before normal growth and development of the tooth was completed.
environment.
E. Treatment of teeth with necrotic pulps where root canals are often infected
399.What statement is true for apexification?
A. *Treatment procedure by which closure of root apex is promoted in teeth where loss of
vitality has occurred before normal growth and development of the tooth was completed.
B. Treatment procedure by which the preservation of the radicular pulp tissue allows continuing
environment.
E. Treatment of teeth with necrotic pulps where root canals are often infected.
400.Indications for the use of calcium hydroxide include:
B. To promote apical closure in immature teeth;
C. In the management of perforations;
D. In the treatment of resorption;
E. As a temporary dressing for canals where filling has to be delayed;
401.What are the indications for calcium hydroxide usage?
B. To promote apical closure in immature teeth;
C. In the management of perforations;
D. In the treatment of resorption;
E. As a temporary dressing for canals where filling has to be delayed;
402.What statement is correct for non-setting calcium hydroxide materials?
A. *have high pH -12 and a great antimicrobial potent, thus promote apexification and
apexogenesis;
B. is used in front group of teeth because of its esthetic qualities;
C. can be used in Pediatric Dentistry as a restorative material for the temporary teeth;
D. have good heat-insulating properties, low toxicity and correspondence of the cement to the
coefficient of thermal dilatation of dental hard tissues;
E. do not adhere directly to tooth substance, they require an adhesive agent to create a
micromechanical bond to tooth structure;
403.Which statement is true for paraformaldehyde sealers?
A. *Can be used in the case of sclerosed and obliterated root canals, when instrumental treatment
cant be hold;
B. Are used in sealing the radicular space because of their dentin bonding properties;
C. Can be resorbed if extruded into the periradicular tissues; provides an anti-inflammatory
action to the periradicular tissues;
D. Are used as a temporary dressing for canals where filling has to be delayed;
E. Have a potential to provide microbe-free environment;
404.In what cases can be used paraformaldehyde sealers?
cant be hold;
C. Can be resorbed if extruded into the periradicular tissues; provides an anti-inflammatory
action to the periradicular tissues;
E. Are used for preservation of the radicular pulp tissue thus allowing development and apical
maturation of teeth with open apices;
405.What is the essence of mummification method in RCT?
A. *paraformaldehyde sealers are used in the case of sclerosed and obliterated root canals;
B. usage of AgNO3 sol. in instrumental not available root canals, for antiseptic treatment;
C. usage of EDTA solution in the case of sclerosed canals;
D. usage of polyalkenoic acid for removal of smear layer;
E. all are correct;
406.What does envisage impregnation method of RCT?
A. *usage of AgNO3 sol. in instrumental not available root canals, for antiseptic treatment;
B. usage of paraformaldehyde sealers in the case of sclerosed and obliterated root canals;
C. usage of EDTA solution in the case of sclerosed canals;
D. usage of polyalkenoic acid for removal of smear layer;
E. all are correct;
407.Acceptable methods of placing the sealer in the canal are as follows:
A. *All methods are acceptable;
B. Placing the sealer on the master cone and pumping the cone up and down in the canal;
C. Placing the sealer on a file and spinning it counter clockwise;
D. Placing the sealer with a lentulo spiral;
E. Using a syringe; activating an ultrasonic instrument;
408.What are the methods of placing sealer into the root canal?
A. *All methods are used to place sealer into the canal;
B. Placing the sealer on the master cone and pumping the cone up and down in the canal;
C. Placing the sealer on a file and spinning it counter clockwise;
D. Placing the sealer with a lentulo spiral;
E. Using a syringe; activating an ultrasonic instrument;
409.What is the possible complication that may occur while placing the sealer into the root canal
with open apex?
A. *extrusion of material;
B. instrument fracture;
C. recurrent symptoms;
D. lateral perforation;
E. incomplete debridement;
410.What is gutta percha?
A. *It is a natural product that consists of the purified coagulated exudate of mazer wood trees;
non-soluble, non-irritant points that are condensed into the pulp chamber during obturation;
B. It is carbon pins, that is used to reinforce crown filling;
C. Sealer that is used to obturate sclerosed canals;
D. It is resin composite material for root canal sealing;
411.What is the composition of gutta percha?
A. *Zinc oxide, barium sulfates, gutta percha, additives(pigments);
B. Mercury, silver, tin, copper, zinc;
C. Barium sulfates, lead, tin, copper, zinc;
D. Gutta percha, tin, copper, zinc;
E. Mercury, lead, tin, nickel ;
412.Which statement is true for gutta percha?
A. *Gutta-percha does not adhere to the canal walls, is used together with a sealer; is purified
coagulated exudate of Isonandra percha trees;
B. Contain pure silver granules;
C. Should ideally be thicker than 2.8 mm, thus do not adhere to root canal walls;
D. Should be polished at the time of insertion;
E. Is not used nowadays;
413.What technique from the listed belongs to the solid core technique?
A. *Single cone;
B. Warm lateral condensation;
C. Vertical condensation;
D. Thermomechanical compaction;
E. Thermoplasticized injectable GP;
414.What technique from the listed belongs to the solid core technique?
A. *Cold lateral condensation;
415.Single cone and cold lateral condensation belong to the:
A. *solid core technique;
B. softened core technique;
C. warm lateral compaction;
D. warm vertical compaction;
E. thermomechanical compaction;
416.What technique from the listed belongs to the softened core technique?
A. *All listed belongs to the softened core techniques;
417.Warm lateral and vertical compaction, thermomechanical compaction, thermoplasticized
injectable GP belong to the:
A. *softened core techniques;
B. solid core techniques;
418.A girl of 11 years old, endodontic treatment of 35 tooth was performed; on X-ray revealed
that 35-th tooth has not enough maturated root. What sealer is used to promote closure of apical
part of root?
A. *Calcium hydroxide paste;
B. Glass ionomer cement;
C. Resins;
D. Paraformaldehyde paste;
E. Zinc-oxide-eugenol paste;
419.An endodontic intervention is performed to the patient of 67 years old; on diagnostic X-ray
was revealed that the 27 th tooth has curved root canals: buccal canals are obliterated. What
sealer is best to be used in this case?
A. *Paraformaldehyde paste;
B. Calcium hydroxide paste;
C. Glass ionomer cement;
D. Resins;
420.An endodontic intervention is performed to the patient of 75 years old; on diagnostic X-ray
method of medicament treatment can be chosen as the method of choice in this case?
A. *Impregnation method;
B. tooth extraction;
C. to seal root canal without medicament treatment;
D. Carisolv method;
421.A patient of 72 years old appealed to the dentist for endodontic treatment of 44-th tooth; root
canal is sclerosed and obliterated. What method of treatment can be used?
A. *Mummification method;
B. Carisolv method;
C. Ultra-conservative caries removal method;
D. ART-method;
E. All are correct;
422.What statement is true for cold lateral condensation of gutta percha?
A. *It is a commonly taught method of obturation, it involves placement of a master point chosen
to fit the apical section of the canal then condensation of smaller accessory points.
B. Method by which a gutta-percha cone fits the apical portion of the canal snugly, and it is
cemented in place with a root canal sealer.
C. Method that involves placement of a master point then is the condensation of smaller
accessory points by warm spreader.
D. In this technique the GP is warmed using a heated instrument and then packed vertically.
E. It is another name of thermomechanical compaction.
423.A commonly taught method of obturation, which involves placement of a master point
chosen to fit the apical section of the canal then the condensation of smaller accessory points is
performed, this method is named:
A. *Cold lateral condensation of gutta percha;
B. The single-cone technique;
C. Warm lateral condensation;
D. Vertical condensation;
E. Thermomechanical compaction;
424.Which statement is true for single cone technique?
A. *Method by which a gutta-percha cone fits the apical portion of the canal snugly, and it is
cemented in place with a root canal sealer; at best, only seals apical portion.
B. It is a commonly taught method of obturation, it involves placement of a master point chosen
to fit the apical section of the canal then condensation of smaller accessory points.
C. Method that involves placement of a master point then is the condensation of smaller
accessory points by warm spreader.
D. In this technique the GP is warmed using a heated instrument and then packed vertically.
E. It is another name of thermomechanical compaction.
425.Method by which a gutta-percha cone fits the apical portion of the canal snugly, and it is
cemented in place with a root canal sealer; at best, only seals apical portion, is called:
A. *The single-cone technique;
B. Cold lateral condensation of gutta percha;
C. Warm lateral condensation;
D. Vertical condensation;
E. Thermomechanical compaction;
426.What is used as X-ray contrast substance in gutta-percha pins?
A. *barium sulfate
B. magnesium sulfate
C. potassium sulfate
D. lithium sulfate
E. calcium sulfate
427.Why the silver pins were replaced by gutta-percha pins for root canal filling?
A. *Silver undergoes corrosion; pins are hard, cant adapt to the inevitably irregular canal
preparation encouraging leakage, dont promote good penetration of sealer in lateral canals.
B. silver pins are oxidized and blacken.
C. silver pins are firm, do not adapt to the canal shape.
D. dont promote good penetration of sealer in lateral canals.
E. silver undergoes corrosion.
428.Disadvantages of silver pins:
A. *are exposed to corrosion;
B. not standard sizes;
C. toxic to the pulp;
D. lack of strength;
E. are exposed to change the color of tooth tissues;
429.Methods for determining the working length of the canal:
A. *estimated length of the tooth and root (table and anatomical methods), X-ray control, method
of electrometer.
B. by root needle;
C. X-ray method after entering the root needle in the canal;
D. using apex locator;
E. using files and reamers;
430.What is the essence of temporary root canal sealing?
A. *To seal the root canal by not setting calcium hydroxide material, that promotes therapeutic
effect for a while, after change the paste to the hardening one;
B. To place antiseptic turunda under tight bandage for 2-3 days;
C. To place paraformaldehyde paste in root canal under dentin-paste;
D. To place antiseptic turunda under tight bandage for 14 days;
E. To place antiseptic turunda under tight bandage for 2 days;
431.Instrument that fits into conventional handpiece and is used for root canal sealing?
B. All answers are correct;
C. Finger spreader;
D. Endodontic plugger;
E. Finger lateral condenser;
432.Small exible instrument used to place paste materials into the canal, fits into conventional
handpiece is named:
A. *Lentulo spiral ller/rotary paste ller;
B. Finger spreader;
E. K-flex file;
433.Which statement is true for lentulo spiral ller/rotary paste ller?
A. *Small exible instrument used to place paste materials into the canal, fits into conventional
handpiece;
B. Finger instrument with a smooth, pointed, tapered working end; used to condense gutta percha
C. Hand instrument, is used to facilitate plugging or condensing the gutta percha after the excess
has been removed by melting off with a heated instrument;
434.What endodontic instrument is used to seal root canals with pastes?
B. Finger spreader;
E. H-file;
435.Finger instrument with a smooth, pointed, tapered working end; used to condense gutta
percha into the canal during obturation is named:
E. H-file;
436.Which statement is true for finger spreader in endodontic practice?
A. *Finger instrument with a smooth, pointed, tapered working end; used to condense gutta
percha into the canal during obturation;
handpiece;
C. Finger instrument used to remove the intact pulp;
437.What finger instrument with a smooth, pointed, tapered working end is used to condense
gutta percha into the canal during obturation?
E. H-file;
438.What hand instrument, is used to facilitate plugging or condensing the gutta percha after the
excess has been removed by melting off with a heated instrument?
B. Finger spreader;
C. Hand K-flex files;
E. H-file;
439.Which statement is true for endodontic plugger?
A. *Hand instrument, is used to facilitate plugging or condensing the gutta percha after the
excess has been removed by melting off with a heated instrument;
handpiece;
C. Finger instrument with a smooth, pointed, tapered working end; used to condense gutta percha
440.Complications that may occur while placing the sealer into the root canal with open apex are
as follows?
A. *extrusion of material;
B. instrument fracture;
C. recurrent symptoms;
D. lateral perforation;
E. incomplete debridement;
441.Non-setting calcium hydroxide materials:
A. *have high pH -12 and a great antimicrobial potent, thus promote apexification and
apexogenesis;
B. is used in front group of teeth because of its esthetic qualities;
C. can be used in Pediatric Dentistry as a restorative material for the temporary teeth;
D. have good heat-insulating properties, low toxicity and correspondence of the cement to the
coefficient of thermal dilatation of dental hard tissues;
E. do not adhere directly to tooth substance, they require an adhesive agent to create a
micromechanical bond to tooth structure;
442.Paraformaldehyde sealers in endodontic practice are used for:
cant be hold;
C. To provide an anti-inflammatory action to the periradicular tissues; can be resorbed if
extruded into the periradicular tissues;
E. To provide microbe-free environment;
443.A patient of 68 years old appealed to the dentist for endodontic treatment of 34-th tooth; root
canal is sclerosed and obliterated. What method of treatment can be used in the case of sclerosed
and obliterated root canals?
B. Carisolv method;
D. ART-method;
E. All are correct;
Situational tasks
1. What is meant by the term direct pulp cap?
A. *A capping of the pulp in the case of traumatic exposure of the pulp chamber.
B. A capping of the pulp in the projections of pulp horns in the case of acute deep dental caries.
2. A middle depth cavity of 25-th tooth was filled with chemical hardening composite material.
What is the procedure of moderately deep cavities treatment in this case?
A. *a lining of a resin-modied glass ionomer is used to give thermal and chemical protection +
filling material.
B. dental adhesive is used to seal the dentinal tubules or no pulp protection + filling material.
C. a thin lining of setting calcium hydroxide as a therapeutic lining is applied, followed by a
lining of resin-modied glass ionomers + filling material.
D. a thick lining of setting calcium hydroxide as a therapeutic lining is applied to the whole
E. a lining of a dentine powder is used to give thermal and chemical protection + filling
material.
3. Carious cavity of 36-th tooth is restored in such stages: instrumental and medicament
treatment are done; zinc-phosphate insulating lining is placed to enamel-dentine junction.
Carious cavity is restored with amalgam. Finishing and polishing of the filling are done at the
same visit. At what stage of treatment procedure the mistake was done?
A. *At the stage of fillings finishing and polishing.
B. At the stage of instrumental and medicament treatment.
C. At the stage of lining placement.
4. What action causes calcium hydroxide to the dentine?
B. Generate an alkaline environment in the area surrounding the cement.
C. demonstrate antibacterial properties.
D. is able to initiate calcication and formation of a secondary dentine layer at the base of the
cavity.
E. destroy any remaining bacteria.
5. What are the negative properties of amalgam?
A. *All listed can be considered as negative qualities.
B. galvanisms, poor aesthetics, amalgam changes tooth color.
C. a released mercury has an ability to accumulate in periodontal tissues.
D. involves special equipment for safety work with an amalgam.
E. Corrosion, dimensional change.
6. What are the main stages of amalgam placement?
A. *All of the listed are correct.
B. Dosage of alloy and mercury, mixing of amalgam components.
C. Condensation of amalgam; removal of residual mercury by carving the filling.
D. Placement of amalgam into the cavity.
E. Finishing and polishing of amalgam filling.
7. The patient appealed to the dentist with complaints on the pain in 47 tooth. Objectively:
middle depth cavity, wide entrance, fulfilled with dark, hard dentine. Dentist decided to use
amalgam. What properties of amalgam caused this choice of material?
A. *Because of amalgam high compressive strength; aesthetics is not so important for posterior
group of teeth.
8. The dentist is going to place filling from GICs. How it is recommended to mix this cement?
A. *powder and liquid are dispensed in dened ratios and then mixed rapidly with a spatula
within 3045 s; rst incorporate half the amount of the powder into the liquid and then mix in
the other half.
B. powder and liquid are dispensed in dened ratios and then mixed rapidly with a spatula within
5 min ;
C. powder and liquid are mixed slowly with a spatula; all amount of the powder are incorporated
into the liquid and then mixed.
D. powder and liquid are taken in the ratio 4:1, mixed slowly with a spatula; all amount of the
powder are incorporate into the liquid and then mixed.
9. Which statement is true for GICs?
A. *All statements are true.
B. Glass ionomers contain poly(alkenoic) acid and uoro-aluminosilicate glass which set by an
acidbase reaction to give a cement.
C. They adhere directly to tooth substance and to base metal casting alloys.
D. They release uoride after placement, giving the materials cariostatic properties, although this
may only be short term.
E. They also have a low tensile strength which makes them brittle and unsuitable for use in load-
bearing areas in permanent teeth.
10. Zinc phosphate cement is supplied as:
A. *a powderliquid formulation.
B. a paste-paste formulation.
C. a paste-liquid formulation.
D. a powder-paste formulation.
E. a paste formulation.
11. Which statement is true for zinc phosphate cement?
A. *Is used frequently for isolative linings, have good heat-insulating properties, low toxicity,
considerable solubility and shrinkage.
B. Is used for restorations in permanent dentition, have a good wear resistance and mechanical
strength.
C. Is used as therapeutic linings, have cariostatic action, releases small levels of uoride.
D. The cement do not require any cavity modication other than caries removal, is used in
atraumatic restorative technique (ART).
E. Is used in aesthetic restorations, have an ability to form chemical bonding with dental hard
tissues; have satisfactory esthetic features and high mechanical strength.
12. To restore the middle depth cavity in 46 tooth, the dentist prepared zinc-phosphate cement,
resin-based composite material, set of burs, flat plastic and ball-ended plastic instruments. For
what reason zinc-phosphate cement was selected?
A. *To use it as insulating lining;
B. To use it as interim restoration;
C. To use it as a permanent restoration;
D. To use it as a therapeutic lining;
E. To use it as a bond-system.
13. The dentist is going to restore the carious cavity of the II class by Black in 25 tooth. What is
used to restore the contact point in this clinical situation?
A. *Matrix band and matrix holder;
B. Bond-system;
C. There is no need to restore contact point in this case;
D. Clear cervical matrix;
E. Wooden wedge.
14. In the cavity II class by Black, light-curing material was placed, such stages were performed:
appropriate instrumental and medicament treatment of carious cavity, etching stages of hard
tooth structure were performed according to rules, matrix was placed, bond-system were applied
and light-cured, composite material was placed by increments, each increment were light-cured,
matrix was removed and final polishing of tooth was done. What stage was missed during the
light-curing composite restoration?
A. *Final light-curing of the restoration after the matrix was removed.
B. Instrumental and medicament treatment of carious cavity.
C. Etching stage.
D. Light-curing of bond-system and composite increments.
E. Final polishing and finishing at the same visit.
15. Deep occlusal cavity on the 26 th tooth; was treated in the following way: instrumental and
medicament treatment, etching and bond-system placement were done correctly, light-curing
composite was placed in two portions; each portion was light-cured, final finishing and polishing
were performed after filling placement. In 2 days patient had complaints on the pain in 26 th
tooth. What is the reason of the pain in the tooth?
A. *Inappropriate filling placement may cause polymerization shrinkage, thus pain in the tooth.
B. Inappropriate choice of the filling material, allergy to the components of the material.
C. Insufficient caries removal were done, thus decay remaining.
D. Not adequate final finishing and polishing.
E. Insufficient light-curing of the composite layers.
16. Middle depth cavity of the 25 th tooth was restored with light-curing composite material in
such stages: adequate caries removal, applying of the etching gel for 15 sec, washed with copies
amount of water for 30 sec and cavity surface was thoroughly dried. Bond-system was applied
and light-cured. Composite material was placed in increments, each increment was light-cured,
final polishing and finishing was done at the same visit. In a few days patient felt pain in the
tooth from cold and hot irritants. What possible reasons could cause this pain?
A. *Overdrying of dentine caused collapse of the demineralized collagenous network; thus,
primer couldnt flow into opened dentine tubules.
B. Overdrying of dentine caused collapse of the demineralized collagenous network; thus, primer
flowed into opened dentine tubules too deep.
C. Overetching of enamel could cause great porosity of it and this cause toxic influence on the
tooth structure.
D. It was necessary to do final finishing and polishing on the next day, to provide strength of the
composite filling.
Inadequate choice of material could cause allergy, thus pain in the tooth.
17. Dentist decides to use light-curing composite material for filling I class by Black. How it is
necessary to prepare carious cavity in this case?
A. *The right angles inside the carious cavity should be smoothed, round shape of the cavity is
made, complete removal of pigmented areas of dental hard tissue is preferable, an enamel bevel
at an angle of 45degree should be created.
B. The transition of the cavity bottom to the side wall should be at right angle, bottom of the
cavity should be flat.
C. The bottom of the cavity should be flat or somewhat remind the form of the occlusal surface
of the tooth.
D. An enamel edges should be straight.
E. The transition of one wall to another should be at an angle cavity is box- shaped.
18. It is known that during cavity preparation for placement of light-curing composite material,
complete removal of pigmented areas of dental hard tissue is preferable. Why for it is
recommended?
A. *Pigmented areas may delay the light during the polymerization and lead to incomplete
hardening of the material in these areas.
B. Patient will be unsatisfied as pigmented areas will be visible through filling material.
C. The filling will fall down as bond-system wouldnt be able to bind to tooth structure.
D. It will be hard to select the shade of light-curing material.
19. A dentist is going to perform an endodontic treatment; after proper tooth cavity disclosure
and enlargement of root canals orifices he should do cleaning and shaping of root canal. What
basic hand endodontic instruments it is necessary to choose for this reason?
A. *K-type files, reamers, H-files;
B. Gates Glidden;
C. PeesoReamers;
D. Different sizes and shapes of burs;
E. NiTi profiles;
20. During endodontic treatment the fracture of stainless steel file was occurred. What is the
most convenient method of fractured instrument removal?
21. The clinician is going to perform RCT by step-back technique. Name basic stages of this
technique?
enlarge the canal.
22. The clinician is going to perform RCT by crown-down technique. Name basic stages of this
technique?
A. *At first H-file is penetrated into root canal; then Gates Glidden drills flaring the coronal
segment of root canal is used; after is shaping of the remaining canal in crown-down approach,
using decreasing size of instruments in sequence.
enlarge the canal.
23. What sequence of endodontic instruments sizes is recommended during using step-back
instrumentation?
24. During an endodontic treatment of root canal the doctor apply clockwise rotation for of a
turn with H-file. What possible error may happen if H-file is used with rotation?
A. *fracture of an instrument;
B. ledge formation;
C. apical perforation;
D. apical transportation of debris;
E. elbow formation;
25. The doctor for root canal treatment is going to use step-back instrumentation. What sequence
of endodontic instruments should be used for this technique?
26. During endodontic RCT according to step-back-instrumentation such sequence of endodontic
instruments were used: 10-15-20-25 sizes of files and reamers. What possible problem may
cause such sequence of endodontic instruments sizes? How to manage this problem?
A. *Ledge formation; return to a small file curved at the apex to the working length and use this
to try and file away the ledge;
B. Fracture of instrument; ultrasonic vibration may be used to facilitate fractured instrument
removal;
C. Apical transportation ; the use of flexible files reduces the likelihood of this happening;
D. Strip perforation; anticurvature filing with K-flex files is used to reduce probability of this;
E. Lateral perforation: better access and vision can eliminate this error;
27. In the patient of 65 years old during endodontic RCT was revealed pulp stone in root canal,
this make difficulties in RCT. What means can be used to facilitate root canal passing and
enlargement?
E. Solution of polyalkenoic acid;
28. During endodontic treatment of the 36 tooth in elderly person, dentist revealed that canals are
sclerosed and obliterated. What is used to facilitate passing and enlargement of canals?
E. Gels based on phosphoric acid;
29. Patient R. 30 years old, endodontic treatment of 34 tooth was carried out. The root canal was
sealed with gutta-percha pins and epoxy sealer; control X-ray was held. What is the main
criterion of root canal quality sealing?
A. *"The root seal " tightly fill the entire canal and is located at physiological apex"
B. "The root seal" tightly fill the entire canal and is located at anatomical top "
C. "The root seal" with a slight excess is derived from apical hole
D. "The root seal" is placed at 2 mm before reaching the "X-ray top" of the root
E. "The root seal" is placed at physiological apex" but doesnt obturate root canal tightly.
30. A girl of 11 years old, endodontic treatment of 35 tooth was performed; on X-ray revealed
that 35-th tooth has not enough maturated root. What sealer is used to promote closure of apical
part of root?
A. *Calcium hydroxide paste;
B. Glass ionomer cement;
C. Resins;
D. Paraformaldehyde paste;
31. An endodontic intervention is performed to the patient of 67 years old; on diagnostic X-ray
sealer is best to be used in this case?
A. *Paraformaldehyde paste;
B. Calcium hydroxide paste;
C. Glass ionomer cement;
D. Resins;
32. An endodontic intervention is performed to the patient of 75 years old; on diagnostic X-ray
method of medicament treatment can be chosen as the method of choice in this case?
A. *Impregnation method;
B. tooth extraction;
C. to seal root canal without medicament treatment;
D. Carisolv method;
33. A patient of 72 years old appealed to the dentist for endodontic treatment of 44-th tooth; root
canal is sclerosed and obliterated. What method of treatment can be used?
B. Carisolv method;
D. ART-method;
E. All are correct;
34. A patient of 68 years old appealed to the dentist for endodontic treatment of 34-th tooth; root
canal is sclerosed and obliterated. What method of treatment can be used in the case of sclerosed
and obliterated root canals?
B. Carisolv method;
D. ART-method;
E. All are correct;
Questions to the pictures: module 2 Filling material.
1. What is shown in Fig. 1?

A. Apparatus for determining the length of roots canal
B. Apparatus for electro-diagnostic of teeth diseases
C. Amalgamtreger
D. Portable dental unit
E. *Light curing lamp
2. Why we use apparatus in Fig. 1?
A. For determine the length of roots canal
B. For electro-diagnostic of teeth diseases
C. For mixing amalgam
D. For filling of roots canal
E. *For polymerization of filling material
3. Which group of sealing materials include material in Fig. 2?
A. Zinc-phosphate cement
B. Silicate cement
C. Composite material of light hardening
D. The glassionomer cement
E. *Composite material of chemical hardening
4. What shown in Fig. 4?
A. Adhesive system of V generation
B. Primer
C. Adhesive
D. There is no right answer
E. *Etching gel for hard dental tissues
5. As shown in Fig. Number 5?
A. Etching gel for hard dental tissues
B. Adhesive system of V generation
C. Adhesive
E. *Primer and adhesive
A. The glassionomer cement
B. Zinc-phosphate cement
C. Silicate cement
D. Composite material of light hardening
B. Silicate cement
C. Composite material of light hardening
D. Composite material of chemical hardening
E. *Zinc-phosphate cement
8. On what we mixed material in the picture 2?
A. On table
B. On the glass
C. In plastic containers
D. Generally we not mixed
E. *On paper
A. On table
B. On the glass
C. On paper
D. In plastic containers
E. *Generally we not mixed
A. On table
B. On the glass
E. *On paper pad
A. On table
B. On the glass
E. *On paper pad
A. On table
B. On paper
E. *On the glass
A. Material for a permanent seal
B. Material for temporary fillings
C. Material for filling root canal
D. Dental Sealant
E. *The material for the medical lining
14. What sealing stage of carious cavity shown in Fig. 16?
A. The putting seal
B. Carious cavity preparation
C. There is no right answer
D. All correct answers
E. *The etching of hard dental tissue
15. Which group of sealing materials includ material in Fig. 17?
C. Silica-phosphate cement
E. *The material for temporary fillings of light polymerization
C. Silicate cement
D. Silica-phosphate cement
17. What are shown in Fig. 19?
D. Dental Sealant
B. Silicate cement
E. *The glassionomer cement
19. What filling material we must selected for restore the defect of the tooth in Fig.
21?
A. The glass cement
B. Zinc phosphate cement
C. Silicate cement
D. Chemical curing composite material
E. *Light-curing composite material
A. Etching gel for hard dental tissue
B. Primer
C. Adhesive
E. *Adhesive system
A. Adhesive system, which removes the smeared layer
B. Adhesive system, which dissolving smeared layer
E. *Adhesive system, which modifying smeared layer
22. What material is shown in Fig. 24?
D. Dental Sealant
A. Etching gel for hard dental tissue
B. Primer
E. *Adhesive system
A. Adhesive system, which removes the smeared layer
E. *Adhesive system, which modifying smeared layer
A. Adhesive system, which modifying smeared layer
E. *Adhesive system, which removes the smeared layer
A. Apparatus for determining the length of root canals
B. Apparatus for electro-diagnosis of teeth diseases
C. Amalhamtreher
D. Portable dental unit
E. *Lamp for polymerization of filling materials
A. Gel for etching hard tissue of tooth
B. Composite
C. Two-component of adhesive system
E. *One-component of adhesive system
C. Silicate cement
E. *Policarboxylate cement
B. Silicate cement
C. Composite material for light hardening
D. Composite material for chemical hardening
E. *Zinc-phosphate cement
C. Silicate cement
E. *Policarboxylat cement
A. Cement
B. Composite
C. Dentine powder
D. Polishing paste
E. *The material for pulp devitalization
A. Policarboxylat cement
C. Silicate cement
E. *The glassionomer cement
33. What class of carious cavities by Black is shown in Fig. 35?
A. Class II
B. Class III
C. Class IV
D. Class V
E. *I class
C. Material for filling root canals
D. Dental Sealant
D. Dental Sealant
A. Gel for etching hard tissue of tooth
B. Two-component adhesive system
E. *One-component adhesive system
C. Silicate cement
E. *The glassoionomet cement
B. Silicate cement
D. Composite chemical polymerization
E. *Composite of light polymerization
39. What material we not use for filling cavities in the picture 44?
A. Composite of light hardening
B. The glassionomer cement
C. Composite of chemical hardening
D. Compomer
E. *Amalgam
40. What material we not use for filling cavities in the picture 43?
A. Composite light-hardening
C. Composite of chemical hardening
D. Compomer
E. *Amalgam
41. What class of carious cavity by Black is shown in Fig. 43?
A. Class I
B. Class II
C. Class IV
D. Class V
E. *Class III
42. What filling material we use for filling caries cavity in Fig. 43?
E. *Composites
43. What class by Black of caries cavity is shown in Fig. 44?
A. Class I
B. Class II
C. Class IV
D. Class V
E. *Class III
44. What filling material for sealing caries cavity is shown in Fig. 44?
E. *Composites
45. What class of carious cavities by Black is shown in Fig. 44?
A. Class II
B. Class III
C. Class IV
D. Class V
E. *Class I
A. Putting of permanent seal
B. Polishing seals
C. Putting lining for pulp devitalization
D. No right answer
E. *Putting the therapeutic lining
A. Putting of permanent seal
B. Putting the medical lining
C. Putting lining for pulp devitalization
D. No right answer
E. *Polishing seals
A. Apex-locator
B. Portable dental unit
C. Device for EOD
D. No right answer
E. *Endomotor
A. Filling material for medical gasket
B. Filling material for insulating gasket
C. Filling material for temporary fillings
D. Filling material for permanent seals
E. *Filling material for caries cavity
50. Which group belongs material on Figure 2?
A. Composites
C. Fillers
D. Silicate cements
E. *Sealers
A. Pulp-extractor
B. K reamer
C. K file
D. Rashpill
E. *- file
A. Diagnostic tools
B. Tools for the passage of root canal
C. Tools for extension of root canal
E. *Tools for the expansion of root canal orifice
A. Reamer
B. Pulp-extractor
C. Rasp
D. Canal-filler
E. *Files
A. Reamer
B. File
C. Rasp
D. Canal-filler
E. *Pulp-extractor
A. Reamer
B. Files
C. Pulp-extractor
D. Rasp
E. *Canal-filler
A. Radiograph before treatment of root canal
B. Radiograph during treatment of root canal
C. Radiograph after treatment of root canal
D. No right answer
E. *All correct answers
A. Stage disclosure of tooth cavity
B. Preparation stage of carious cavity
C. All correct answers
D. No right answer
E. *Stage disclosure of root canal orifice
58. Wht shown in Fig. 11?
A. Apex Locator
C. Device for EOD
D. Device "Termafil"
E. *Endomotor
59. As shown in Fig. 12?
A. Endomotor
B. Apex Locator
C. Portable dental unit
D. Device for EOD
E. *Device "Termafil"
A. Method of vertical condensation gutta-percha
B. Method of warm lateral condensation of gutta-percha;
C. Root canal obturation by system "Termafil"
D. Depophorese by copper-calcium hydroxide wiht followed obturation its
atatsamitom
E. *Method of cold lateral condensation of gutta-percha;
61. What shown in Fig. 14 under letter b)
A. Reamer
B. Pulp-extractor
C. Rasp
D. Canal-filler
E. *File
62. What shown in Fig. 14 under letter b)
A. Reamer
B. File
C. Pulp-extractor
D. Canal-filler
E. *Plagger
63. What shown in Fig. 14 under letter c)
A. Reamer
B. File
C. Rasp
D. Canal-filler
E. *Gutta-percha condensation
64. What shown in Fig. 14 under letter g)
A. File
B. Pulp-extractor
C. Rasp
D. Canal-filler
E. *Reamer
65. What type of root canal of tooth is shown in Fig. 15?
A. 2 Type root canal
B. 3 Type root canal
C. 4 Type root canal
D. 5 Type root canal
E. *1 Type root canal
A. Gutta-percha pins
B. Glass-fibers pins
C. Anchor pins
D. No right answer
E. *Pins "Termafil"
A. Method of cold lateral condensation of gutta-percha;
B. Method of warm lateral condensation of gutta-percha;
D. Depotphorese copper-calcium hydroxide
E. *Sectional method of vertical condensation gutta-percha
B. Pins "Termafil"
C. Anchor pins
D. No right answer
E. *Pins glass fibers
A. Bur type Gates-Glidden
B. Bur type Peeso (Largo)
C. Fissure bur
D. No right answer
E. *Bur for expansion of cells roots canal
A. Bur for expansion of cells roots canal
B. Bur type Gates-Glidden
C. Fissure bur
D. No right answer
E. *Bur type Peeso (Largo)
71. Which tooth is shown in Fig. 21?
A. Canine
B. Incisor
C. Premolar
D. No right answer
E. *Molar
A. Reamer
B. Gutta-percha condensation
C. Rasp
D. Canal-filler
E. *File
73. What shown in Fig. 23 under letter a)?
A. Reamer
B. Pulp-extractor
C. Spreader
D. Canal-filler
E. *Plagger
74. What is shown in Fig. 23 (b)?
A. Reamer
B. Spreader
C. Pulp-extractor
D. Canal-filler
E. *Plagger
75. What shown in Fig. 23 under letter c)?
A. Spreader
B. Pulp-extractor
C. Gutta-percha condensation Rasp
D. *Plagger and spreader
E.
76. What shown in Fig. 23 under letter g)?
A. Pulp-extractor
B. Plagger and spreader
C. Gutta-percha condensation
D. Rasp
E. *Spreader
77. What is shown on Fig. 24 under letter e)?
A. Radiograph before treatment of root canal
B. Radiograph during treatment of root canal
D. No right answer
E. *X-ray after treatment of root canal
A. Endomotor
B. Apex Locator
C. Portable dental unit
D. Aparat for EOD
79. What is shown in Fig. 26
A. K-file
C. Rasp
D. Canal-filler
E. *K-reamer
80. Which group belongs the material on Fig. 27?
A. Composites
C. Fillers
D. Silicate cements
E. *Sealers
A. Solution for expansion root canals
B. Antiseptic for root canals
C. Disinfectant solution for tools
D. No right answer
E. *Antiseptic for infected root canals
A. Pins glass-fibers
B. Pins "Termafil"
C. Anchor pins
D. No right answer
E. * Gutta-percha pins
A. Canine
B. Incisors
C. Molar
D. No right answer
E. *Premolar
84. As shown in Fig. 31
A. Solution for expansion root canal
B. Antiseptic for root canal
C. Disinfectant solution for tools
D. No right answer
E. *Antiseptic for infected root canal
A. Endomotor
C. Aparat for EOD
D. Apex Locator
B. Pins glass-fibers
C. Pins "Termafil"
D. No right answer
E. *Anchor pins
A. Canine
B. Incisor
C. Premolar
D. No right answer
E. *Molar
A. Disclosure stage of root canal orifice
B. Preparation stage of carious cavity
D. No right answer
E. *Disclosure stage of tooth cavity
89. What size tool shown in Fig. 36?
A. 15
B. 25
C. 30
D. 35
E. *20
A. Reamer
C. Rasp
D. Canal-filler
E. *File
A. K-reamer
C. Rasp
D. Canal-filler
E. *H-file
A. K-reamer
C. Rasp
D. Canal-filler
E. *K-file
93. What type of root canal refers tooth in Fig. 41?
94. What type of root canal refers tooth in Fig. 42
95. What type of root canal refers tooth in Fig. 43
A. Reamer
B. File
C. Rasp
D. Canal-filler
E. *Pulp-extractor
A. Reamer
B. File
C. Pulp-extractor
D. Canal-filler
E. *Rasp
A. K-reamer
C. Rasp
D. Canal-filler
E. *K-file
A. K-reamer
C. Rasp
D. Canal-filler
E. *H-file
A. Endomotor
C. Aparat for EOD
D. Apex Locator
A. Bur for the expansion of root canal orifice
B. Bur type Peeso (Largo)
C. Fissures bur
D. No right answer
E. *Bur type Gates-Glidden
A. H-file
C. Rasp
D. Canal-filler
E. *K-reamer
A. Sectional way vertical condensation of gutta-percha
B. Method of warm lateral condensation of gutta-percha
E. *Method of cold lateral condensation of gutta-percha
A. Hand endodontic instruments
B. Canal-filler
C. Plagger
D. Spreader
E. *Machine endodontic instruments
105. What size tool shown in root canal in Fig. 53?
A. 15
B. 20
C. 30
D. 35
E. *25
A. Sectional way of vertical condensation by gutta-percha
B. Method of warm lateral condensation by gutta-percha
C. Root canal obturation system "Termafil"
E. *Method of cold lateral condensation by gutta-percha
A. Hand endodontic instruments
B. Canal-filler
C. Plagger
D. Spreader
E. *Machine endodontic instruments
B. Glass fibers pins
C. Anchor pins
D. No right answer
E. * "Termafil"

Materials and Endodontics

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Materials and Endodontics

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Module 2. Filling materials and endodontics.

Questions to the pictures: module 2 Filling material.

1. What is shown in Fig. 1?

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