A Lesson Plan in Statistics and Probability 11

I. Objective
Calculate the following when is unknown and when n < 30
a. Margin of error (E)
b. Confidence interval estimate

II. Subject Matter

Topic: Estimating Population Mean when is Unknown and n < 30
Reference:
Banigon, Jr., Ricardo B., et a. (2016). Statistics and probability grade 11 for
senior high school. Cubao, Quezon City: Educational Resources
Corporation. [pp. 66 69]
Materials: t-table, scientific calculator, chalk and board.

III. Procedure
1. Recall
Find the t-value when = 0.05 and n = 14.
df = n 1; 14 1 = 13
Referring to the t-table, t(0.05,13) = 1.771
2. Lesson Proper
Formulas:
a. Margin of Error (E) b. Confidence Interval Estimate
E=t
2
( sn ) xx E < < xx + E

where:
E = margin of error;
xx = sample mean;
s = sample standard deviation;
n = number of samples selected/taken/chosen; and
t/2 = t-score obtained from /2 and df.

Examples:
1. Compute the margin of error of the 90% confidence interval
estimate of when s = 5 and n = 13.
Solution:
= 0.10
/2 = 0.05; df = 12
t(0.05, 12) = 1.782

E=t
2
( sn ) E=1.782
( 513 ) E = 1.782(1.39) E =

2.47698

2. Compute the margin of error of the 98% confidence interval

estimate of when s = 18.3 and n = 23.
 Solution:
= 0.02
/2 = 0.01; df = 22
t(0.01, 22) = 2.508

E=t
2
( sn ) E=2.508 ( 18.3
23 ) E = 2.508(3.82) E =

9.58056

3. Compute the 95% confidence interval estimate of when s = 9, n =

12, and xx =27.
Solution:
= 0.05
/2 = 0.025; df = 11
t(0.025, 11) = 2.201

E=t
2
( sn ) E=2.201
( 912 ) E = 2.201(2.60) E = 5.7226

xx E < < xx + E
27 5.7226 < < 27 + 5.7226
21.2774 < < 32.7226

4. A printer manufacturer wants to estimate the pages-per cartridge

print rate of their new printer model. A random sample of 10 units
of the new printer model showed a mean of 140 pages-per-
cartridge with a standard deviation of 20. Construct a 98%
confidence interval estimate to estimate the pages-per-cartridge
rate of their new printer model.
Given:
s = 20
n = 10
xx = 140
Solution:
= 0.02
/2 = 0.01; df = 9
t(0.01, 9) = 2.821

E=t
2
( sn ) E=2.82 1
( 201 0 ) E = 2.821(6.32) E =

17.82872
xx E < < xx + E
140 17.82872 < < 140 + 17.82872
122.17128 < < 157.82872
3. Generalization
 How do you compute the margin of error and confidence interval
estimates of when the population standard deviation is unknown
and n < 30?

IV. Application
A. Compute the margin of error of the following.
1. Confidence level = 90% s=8 n=5
2. Confidence level = 95% s = 14 n = 13
3. Confidence level = 97% s = 25 n = 18
4. Confidence level = 98% s = 3.6 n = 22
5. Confidence level = 99% s = 9.57 n = 28
B. Compute the confidence interval estimate of .
1. Confidence level = 98% xx = 26 s=7 n =
12
2. Confidence level = 90% xx = 115 s = 6.68 n =
24
3. The average weight of 15 adult Dagupan bangus is 750 grams with
standard deviation of 80 grams. Construct a 99.5% confidence
interval estimate of the average weight of all adult Dagupan
bangus.

V. Evaluation
A. Compute the margin of error of the following.
1. Confidence level = 95% s = 11 n=6
2. Confidence level = 99% s = 4.25 n = 17
3. Twenty-three chocolate bars are selected from a normally
distributed population and later it was found that, their average
weight is 200 g and with a standard deviation of 12 g. Construct a
98% confidence interval estimate of the chocolate bars.
4. Ten taklobo or giant clams have an average of 45 inches across
its shell with standard deviation of 4 inches. Construct an 80%
confidence interval estimate of the average length across its shell
of all giant clams.