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Sindromul Epuizarii Profesionale PDF
Sindromul Epuizarii Profesionale PDF
la personalul medical
1
Universitatea Babe-Bolyai, Facultatea de Psihologie i tiine ale Educaiei,
Cluj-Napoca
2
Universitatea de Medicin i Farmacie Iuliu Haieganu, Cluj-Napoca
Rezumat
Abstract
Introduction. Burnout is a response to chronic occupational stress charac-
terized by emotional exhaustion, emotional detachment from work and cynicism and
reduced personal accomplishment.
Objectives. The present research aims: 1) to evaluate the frequency of burnout
in medical professionals from Cluj-Napoca; 2) to do a comparative analysis between
professional categories (doctors, residents, nurses) and 3) to analyse the role played
by organisational factors in the burnout development.
Method. 446 medical professionals from eight hospitals from Cluj-Napoca
filled Maslach Burnout Inventory and Areas of Work-Life Survey.
Results. 14.6 % of the participants presented pronounced symptoms of burnout,
while 47.8% are in the risk category for developing burnout. Using the ANOVA
Clujul Medical 2011 Vol. 84 - Supliment nr. 1 15
statistical method of analysis we have found that there are statistical differences
between professional categories: burnout affects residents more frequently while
nurses are less frequently affected. Residents experience feelings of reduced personal
accomplishment more often, experience emotional detachment and perceive lack of
control in their work. The results of linear regression analysis show that workload is a
good predictor for the risk of developing BS and especially emotional exhaustion. The
predictors of personal accomplishment are: perception of control over ones work,
feelings of belonging to the medical community, the congruence between a persons
values and the companys and the number of years of professional experience.
Conclusions. The present study highlights factors which contribute in the
development of burnout and which are relevant for the prevention and treatment
programmes of those three categories of symptoms.
Keywords: burnout, health professionals, organizational factors.
Tabelul III. Comparaie SEP i percepia factorilor organizaionali n funcie de statutul profesional (ANOVA).
Asisteni medicali Medici
Variabile
F (df); dif. ntre medii F (df); dif. ntre medii
SEP rezideni 4.440 (2); .25665*
DE rezideni 3.725 (2); 1.62769*
IP rezideni 8.421 (2); -3.26014** 8.421 (2); -2.88442**
Volum de munc medici 6.4912 (2); -.26153**
Control rezideni 13.119 (2); -.33153** 13.119 (2); -.51603**
Corectitudine rezideni 3.655 (2); -.28642*
Valori rezideni 7.561 (2); -.33673** 7.561 (2); -.24209*
*p<0.05; **p<0.01
ANOVA. Tabelul III red doar diferenele semnificative comunitatea medical (tabelul III).
statistic la parametrii evaluai. Prelucrrile datelor indic Rezultatele analizei de regresie liniar arat c
existena diferenelor semnificative statistic din punct cei mai puternici predictori ai SEP sunt volumul mare de
de vedere al frecvenei SEP ca scor total ntre rezideni munc i sentimentul redus de apartenen la comunitatea
i asisteni medicali, SEP fiind mai frecvent n rndul medical (tabelul IV).
rezidenilor. Datele indic aceeai diferen ntre rezideni
i asisteni medicali din punct de vedere al detarii fa de Concluzii
rolul profesional i al satisfaciei profesionale. Exist dife- Cercetarea de fa evideniaz prevalena SEP n
rene semnificative statistic ntre cele trei categorii profe- rndul personalului medical din Cluj-Napoca i factorii de
sionale i din punct de vedere al factorilor organizaionali: natur organizaional care au rol n dezvoltarea acestui
rezidenii percep lipsa controlului asupra muncii, lipsa sindrom. Aproximativ o cincime dintre participanii la
corectitudinii i incongruen ntre valorile personale i studiu raporteaz simptome ce indic un nivel crescut al
cele promovate de organizaie ntr-o mai mare msur SEP, n timp ce aproape jumtate dintre participani au
dect asistenii medicali i medici. Nu exist diferene un risc mare pentru a dezvolta n viitor aceste simptome.
semnificative statistic ntre categoriile profesionale din Conform cercetrii noastre, rezidenii sunt mai vulnerabili
punct de vedere al epuizrii emoionale, al percepiei n ce privete riscul pentru dezvoltarea SEP, comparativ
volumului de munc, al recompenselor i al apartenenei la cu asistenii medicali sau medicii, date obinute i n alte
cercetri [23]. Rezultatul poate fi explicat prin faptul
Clujul Medical 2011 Vol. 84 - Supliment nr. 1 17
Tabelul IV. Rezultatele analizei de regresie liniar: predictorii pentru SEP i pentru dimensiunile acestuia:
Predictor Criteriu standardizat t R ajustat
Volum de munc SEP -.279 -6.316*** .202
Apartenena la comunitatea medical -.175 -3.285**
Volum de munc EE -.479 -11.769*** .322
Apartenena la comunitatea medical -.101 -2.060*
Apartenena la comunitatea medical DE -.225 -4.017*** .122
Volum de munc -.158 -3.410**
Apartenena la comunitatea medical IP .198 3.726*** .208
Control perceput .189 3.442**
Congruena dintre valorile personale i ale organizaiei .203 3.298**
Ani de experien profesional .124 2.882**
Percepia corectitudinii -.164 -2.453*
Volum de munc .100 2.285*
*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001
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