Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Abstract Mechanical imbalances are common mechanical faults in induction motors. Vibration
monitoring techniques have been widely used for the diagnosis of mechanical faults in induction
motors, but electrical detection methods have been preferred in recent years. For many years,
researchers have concentrated on the Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA). This paper examines
the effect of mechanical imbalances to induction machine electrical parameters. Instantaneous Power
Signature Analysis (IPSA) technique used to detect these faults. In the paper, a full analysis of the
proposed technique is presented, and experimental results for healthy and faulty motors have been
shown and discussed.
742
Ahmet Kker, Mehmet Bayrak
U m Iecc,k1
2. The Proposed Detection Technique
cos [ 2 (2 f s kfr )t 1 ]
2
Suppose that, an induction motor energized by an ideal U m Iecc,k1
+ cos [ 2 (kfr )t + 1 ] +
three-phase voltage and vLL is the voltage between any 2
pecc (t ) = p0 (t ) +
two phases, iL is the current of these phases.
k =1 U m I ecc, k2
Instantaneous power can be defined by the Eq. (4). cos [ 2 (2 f s + kfr )t 2 ]
2
+ U m Iecc,k2 cos 2 (kf )t +
p(t ) = 3vLL iL (4)
2
[ r 2]
(12)
2.1 Instantaneous power of healthy induction motor
The total instantaneous power spectrum contains only a
The line voltage vLL , stator current iL , partial dc level and an additional component at fr frequency [22].
instantaneous power p0 (t ) can be written with equations The total instantaneous power is given by Eq. (13).
(5), (6) and (7), where U m is the maximum value of the
line to line voltage, I m is the maximum value of the
ptot ,0 (t ) +
supply current, is the motor load angle, f is the
supply frequency, by neglecting inherent asymmetry of 3Um Iecc,k
normal induction motor.
ptot ,ecc (t ) =
1
cos( )cos [ 2 (kfr )t + 1 ] +
2
vLL (t ) = U m cos(2 ft ) k =1 3Um Iecc,k2
(5)
cos( )cos [ 2 (kfr )t 2 ]
2
iL (t ) = I m cos(2 ft ) (6) (13)
743
Detection of Mechanical Imbalances of Induction Motors with Instantaneous Power Signature Analysis
3. Experimental Results
In the experimental studies, 4 pole 50 Hz 3kW induction Fig. 1. Detection System Scheme. DAQ: Data Acquisition
motor has been used and mechanical imbalance system Card, IPC: Instantaneous Power Computing, FFT:
made with unbalanced pulley. Experiments are imple- Fast Fourier Transform
-30 -30
-40 -40
Magnitude (db)
Magnitude (db)
-50 -50
-60 -60
-70 -70
0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80
Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz)
-40 -40
Magnitude (db)
Magnitude (db)
-50 -50
-60 -60
-70 -70
-80 -80
0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80
Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz)
(a) Healthy Motor Under %25 Load (b) Mechanical Imbalanced Motor Under %25 Load
Fig. 3. IPSA Under %25 Load
744
Ahmet Kker, Mehmet Bayrak
Table 2. Experimental Results Also for %50 load condition Fig. 4 shows the difference.
Percent increase in mechanical imbalance
The imbalance frequency 25Hz component can be clearly
Condition seen from Figs.3 (b) and Fig. 4 (b).
indicator value
No Load 31,27 Under load conditions the imbalance can be also seen in
%25 Load 25,52 the difference of the frequency bands. This imbalance
%50 Load 24,25
indicator is the frequency bandwidth that centers the
imbalance harmonic frequency. Frequency bandwidth
Table 3. Frequency Bandwidth Indicator Values occurs because of slip in induction motor. Hence frequency
Frequency Band Frequency Band Frequency bandwidth gets wider due to load increase. At the same
Condition time, magnitude levels of imbalance harmonic frequency
Left Bound (Hz) Right Bound (Hz) Bandwidth (Hz)
No Load 25 25 0 increases in direct proportion to load level.
%25 Load 22,5 27, 5 5 Table 3 gives the experimental results for the imbalance
%50 Load 20,5 29,5 9
indicator under load conditions. Increasing of frequency
bandwidth observed from the experimental results and Figs.
-30 3(b), Fig. 4 (b).
-40
4. Conclusion
Magnitude (db)
-50
-50
provides information about the current and voltage values,
-60 which may be important when unbalanced voltage, voltage
sags and abnormal other electrical faults occur.
-70
-80 Acknowledgements
0 20 40 60 80
Frequency (Hz)
This work was supported by Research Fund of the
(b) Mechanical Imbalanced Motor Under %50 Load Sakarya University. Project Number: 2010-50-02-021 and
Fig. 4. IPSA Under %50 Load Project Number: 2010-01-00-003
745
Detection of Mechanical Imbalances of Induction Motors with Instantaneous Power Signature Analysis
746
Ahmet Kker, Mehmet Bayrak
747