Determinants of student and parent satisfaction at a cyber charter school.

Bibliography Beck, D. ,Maranto, R., & Wen-Juo, L. (2014) Determinants of

Information student and parent satisfaction at a cyber charter school. The
Journal of Educational Research. 107(3). 209-216.

Author(s) Affiliation Beck, Dennis E. - Assistant Professor at University of Arkansas

Maranot, R. - 21st Century Chair in Leadership at the Department
of Education Reform at the University of Arkansas
Wen-Juo, L. - Associate Professor at University of Arkansas

Type of Resource Scholarly articles that presents a research study

Summary of Essential 116 parents and 238 students attending cyber schools were polled
Information (general and special education students)
Focus on students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) - Parents
are more likely to be dissatisfied than that of parents of students
with other, less severe disabilities
SunTech (pseudonym) 7-12 cyber charter school with 26% special
education students; 60% more than the state mean.
ASD 15%, SLD 68%, Speech only 15.9%
65.1% Female Spec. Ed- Equal number of female and male
students for entire school
66 items assessed including: class size, flexibility, services for
students with special needs, communication, peer interaction
Girls had higher satisfaction towards the school than boys
Special education students were more satisfaction
Cyber education is able to meet the needs of some special
education students more so than brick and mortar
No differences in parent satisfaction related to special education
status, but report low level satisfaction with previous school

Potential relevance to This article discusses satisfaction of students enrolled in a cyber

your research topic and charter school. Since my research topic discusses special
study education students at cyber charter school, this article is relevant as
it addresses the satisfaction of those students and parents.
Additionally, the percentage of special education students is higher
than the state average at the school in the study, which is the case
at PALCS.
 Educators weight benefits, drawbacks of virtual
spec. ed

Bibliography Ash, K. (2010, June 14). Educators weight benefits,

Information drawbacks of virtual
spec. ed. Education Week. Retrieved from
http://www.edweek.org/dd/articles/2010/06/16/03spece
d.h03.html

Author(s) Affiliation Journalist for Education Week

Type of Resource Article for teachers and parents

Summary of Essential Interview with a parent and student of a PA cyber charter school
Information Student is an 11th grader diagnosed with bipolar disorder and a brain
injury who was not feeling supported in a traditional brick and mortar
school
More responsibility on the parent to make sure that the student is
successful.
Students enjoy and benefit from the flexibility of cyber school
Cyber schools provide a more personalized curriculum
Benefits special education students who exhibit social and behavioral
problems in a traditional classroom.

Potential relevance to This article is relevant to my topic because it discusses why special
your research topic education students come to and stay at a cyber charter school.
and study
 Special-education charter
funding skews the numbers in Pennsylvania.

Bibliography Varine, P., & Kuruta, D.R. (2014, June 4). Special-education charter
Information funding skews the numbers in Pennsylvania. TribLive. Retrieved from
http://triblive.com/news/education/6196278-74/education-charter-
special#axzz3fzDRkGxl

Author(s) Affiliation Journalists for the TribLIVE, a Pittsburgh area newspaper

Type of Resource Article on an online newspaper

Summary of Special education students cost more to send to cyber than students in
Essential their home district
Information Funding does not accuracy reflect the services a student needs
The state assumes that 16% of a school's population is special
education
24 out of 117 districts were within 1% of that number
Cost to educate a special education student goes up if they switch to a
charter school

Potential relevance This article discusses the per pupil cost of educating a special
to your research education student as well as the cost when those students decide to go
topic and study to a charter school. The article also mentions the percentage of special
education students in the state (16%) versus the percentage of special
education students per district which is higher, thus affecting funding for
those students.
 The promising future of virtual spEd.

Bibliography Hertog, A. (2013, December 10). The promising future of virtual spEd.
Information The Huffington Post. Retrieved from
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/allison-hertog/the-promising-
future-of-v_b_4421724.html

Author(s) Affiliation Special Education Advocate and Lawyer

Type of Resource Online newspaper article

Summary of As of 2012, 48 states have a form of online learning initiative

Essential 1.68 million students participated in online school in 2011
Information Disabled and academically at-risk students represent two growing
populations
Students with disabilities can learn more independently through
computer based instruction
The more customization a student requires the more attractive
virtual ed can be.
Majority of kids in the US with disabilities have learning disabilities or
speech/language problems
Virtual students can get therapy (speech, OT, etc) face to face or virtual

Potential relevance This article discusses the reasons why students with disabilities choose
to your research a cyber charter school. Cyber schools can provide flexibility for those
topic and study students. They are also able to access related services through other
means as result of attending a cyber school.
 Cyber schools and students with dis/abilities: Rebooting the IDEA to address equity, access,
and compliance.

Bibliography Collins, K.M., Green, P.C., Nelson, S.L., & Madahar, S. (2015). Cyber
Information schools and students with dis/abilities: Rebooting the IDEA to address
equity, access, and compliance. In Equity & Excellence in Education,
48(1), 71-86.

Author(s) Affiliation Penn State University, University of Connecticut, University of New

Orleans, Penn State University

Type of Resource Scholarly Article

Summary of Social justice implications of laws impacting cyber charter schools and
Essential students with disabilities
Information Must consider achievement participation in relation to ability and
disability of the individual
Disability studies in education (DSE) - implication that disability
categories are used to segregate students
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act(IDEA) - provides for the
public education of students with disabilities
Makes sure that students with disabilities are included in the public
school system in the meaningful way
IDEA doesnt necessarily account for cyber school
Cyber school doesnt always allow for teachers to observe interaction
and communication behaviors
Cyber school provides benefits to certain students including reduced
stress and more time to complete
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) - cyber schools may and may not
be the LRE for students due to them being at home, but related
services are affected

Potential relevance This scholary article discusses how DSE and IDEA affects cyber
to your research charter school students with disabilities. It also discusses how cyber
topic and study school can and have to meet the requirements of IDEA. It gives a great
overview of the law.
 Virtually Forgotten: Special education
students in cyber schools.

Bibliography Carnahan, C. & Fulton, L. (2013). Virtually Forgotten: Special education

Information
students in cyber schools. TechTrends, 57(4). 46-52.

Author(s) Affiliation Indiana University of Pennsylvania

Type of Resource Trade Article

Summary of The population of special education students in cyber school mirrors

Essential that of special education students in brick and mortar
Information Cyber schools are subject to the same regulations as brick and mortar
All cyber schools are considered public schools and open to all
students in the commonwealth
Must operate under the same laws as public schools
Students and parents dont always realize the requirements of them to
be a successful cyber students
May become easily overwhelmed by the number of tasks and deadlines
of cyber school
Students may choose not to, or avoid, log into their courses or respond
to communication from their teachers

Potential relevance This article discusses the population of special education students in
to your research Pennsylvania Cyber Charter Schools. The authors looked at the
topic and study inclusion of the cyber environment as well as their learning outcomes.
The articles findings are based on the Pennsylvania Department of
Educations published reports and answered questions regarding the
population size of special education students in cyber schools and the
types of disabilities in those students. Also answered were the learning
outcomes and in what environment those students are participating.
 Planning for Online Education: A Systems Model.

Bibliography Picciano, A. G. (2015). Planning for Online Education: A Systems

Information Model. Online Learning, 19(5), 142-158.

Author(s) Affiliation City University of New York

Type of Resource Trade article

Summary of Schools looking to implement online education need to plan with

Essential purpose to make it effect
Information Online education has the added responsibility of addressing rapidly
changing technology
Online school need to provide resources for the stakeholders, including
readily available trainings and help desks.
Stakeholders: teachers, parents, students, administration
Engagement of stakeholders affects success of online education
programs

Potential relevance This article revisits the basic principles of technology planning related to
to your research online education. With many colleges and universities moving towards
topic and study an increase in online education, this article addresses the planning
component of an online learning platform. While the article focuses
mainly on colleges and universities, this model can be used for any
education organization. The plan outlined in this article addresses the
need for goals and objectives, hardware, software, staff, facilities,
money, and policies as part of the planning process.
 Supporting student self-regulation to
access the general education curriculum.

Bibliography Korinek, L., & deFur, S. H. (2016). Supporting student self-regulation to

Information access the general education curriculum. Teaching Exceptional
Children, 48(5), 232-242. doi:10.1177/0040059915626134

Author(s) Affiliation William & Mary University School of Education

Type of Resource Trade article

Summary of Self regulation skills are defined as related to executive functioning

Essential Self-regular learners assume increased responsibility for their own
Information behavior and learning over time by strategically setting and planning to
meet goals, monitoring and evaluating their progress, and using
feedback to adjust their performance (p. 232).
Subcomponents include: self-management, self control, goal setting,
planning, self-talk and self-monitoring
Students lacking these skills are associated with underachievement,
excessive absences, and dropping out
Structured classroom environments help students develop self
regulation skills
General education and special education teachers can help with
interventions to support students with deficits in these areas
Teacher modeling of organization, time management, materials
managements, and flexibility
Have students self-evaluate their self regulation skills

Potential relevance This article clearly defines self-regulation skills. It provides suggestions
to your research for teachers and schools to improve these skills in their students. The
topic and study discussion of these techniques as used in the classroom and modeled
by the teachers poses an interesting counterpoint to the structure of
cyber school. With students typically being in their homes for instruction
the classroom management piece is missing from their educational
setting.
 The benefits of movement for youth: a whole child approach

Bibliography Savina, E., Garrity, K., Kenny, P., & Doerr, C. (2016). The benefits of
Information movement for youth: a whole child approach. Contemporary School
Psychology, 20, 282-292. doi:10.1007/s40688-016-0084-z

Author(s) Affiliation James Madison University

Type of Resource Scholarly Article

Summary of Addresses the benefits of physical activity on students health,

Essential cognition, and academic performance
Information Significant decrease in physical activities in children and adolescents
Learning can be enhanced by physical activity; either in the classroom
or outside of the learning environment.
Standing desk, stability balls as movement in the classroom
Children with ADHD and ASD are more likely to be sedentary and have
lower academic success
Movement gives the brain the break it needs to consolidate new
information and increases working memory in children

Potential relevance Since cyber schools cannot control the learning environment of their
to your research students, there is not the opportunity to provide students with
topic and study movement breaks. Students are encouraged to take breaks, sit on
stability balls, or utilize a standing desks but it cannot be enforced.
Additionally, students in cyber school do not have access to sports or
extracurriculars in the same manner that brick and mortar students do
so they may see a decrease in brain function and therefore executive
functioning.
 Executive Functions in Older Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Objective Performance
and Subjective Complaints

Bibliography Davids, R. C., Groen, Y., Berg, I. J., Tucha, O. M., & van Balkom, I. D.
Information (2016). Executive Functions in Older Adults with Autism Spectrum
Disorder: Objective Performance and Subjective Complaints. Journal
Of Autism And Developmental Disorders, 46(9), 2859-2873.

Author(s) Affiliation University of Groningen

Type of Resource Scholarly Article

Summary of Explores the effects of executive functioning is ASD students later in life
Essential Studies show that majority of ASD adults are dependent on others in
Information daily living
Older individuals with ASD need more time to perform executive
functioning tasks and have more problems in those areas
Difficulties may lie in the fact that their are time constraints to these
tasks

Potential relevance This study and subsequent article is potential relevant because it
to your research addresses old individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and how
topic and study executive functioning affects their daily living. As my students are older,
14-21 years old, the age range addressed in this study is relevant to
them. Additionally my students do report issues with completing
assignments/tasks within their suggested time frame.
 The Impact of Behavioural Executive Functioning and Intelligence on Math Abilities in
Children with Intellectual Disabilities.

Bibliography Dekker, M. C., Ziermans, T. B., & Swaab, H. (2016). The Impact of
Information Behavioural Executive Functioning and Intelligence on Math Abilities in
Children with Intellectual Disabilities. Journal Of Intellectual Disability
Research, 60(11), 1086-1096.

Author(s) Affiliation Leiden University, The Netherlands

Type of Resource Scholarly Article

Summary of Discusses how executive functioning is related to math skills in

Essential students with intellectual disability
Information Lower IQ is more likely to correlate to deficits in executive functioning
and math skills.
Math deficits are related to everyday executive functioning but not
behavioral functioning
Training executive functioning and math has shown potential growth in
future adaptive functioning
The study found that students with less behavioral problems, had better
math skills but this could be due to higher working memory skills in
those students.

Potential relevance Many of my students with executive functioning deficits have a primary
to your research disability category of Specific Learning Disability. This article is relevant
topic and study to my research and study because I can compare their progress in
executive functioning goals to their academic goals. The discussion of
IQ scores affected my decision to include my students IQ and working
memory range in the demographic information of my research.
 Working Memory Functioning in Children with Learning Disorders and Specific Language
Impairment.

Bibliography Schuchardt, K., Bockmann, A., Bornemann, G., & Maehler, C. (2013).
Information Working Memory Functioning in Children with Learning Disorders and
Specific Language Impairment. Topics In Language Disorders, 33(4),
298-312.

Author(s) Affiliation University of Hildesheim, Germany

Type of Resource Scholarly Article

Summary of Research study done to determine the correlation between students

Essential with working memory deficits and specific learning disabilities and/or
Information speech/language impairments.
Working memory functioning is a major characteristic for students with
learning disabilities.
Four groups in the study
Specific learning disability with dyslexia
Specific learning disability across all domains (reading, writing, and
math)
Dyslexia only
Specific learning disability in reading only
Students in all groups displayed deficits in executive functioning

Potential relevance While this study mainly focused on working memory, the correlation to
to your research general executive functioning relates to my study. Since I have decided
topic and study to also look at the working memory ratings of my students, this study
ties into my research in that manner. It also provides relevance in
looking at their mainly disability in comparison to their areas of need.
Self-Regulated Learning Skills and Online Activities between Higher and Lower Performers on
a Web-Intensive Undergraduate Engineering Course

Bibliography Lawanto, O., Santoso, H. B., Lawanto, K. N., & Goodridge, W. (2017).
Information Self-Regulated Learning Skills and Online Activities between Higher
and Lower Performers on a Web-Intensive Undergraduate Engineering
Course. Journal Of Educators Online, 11(3).

Author(s) Affiliation Utah State University

Type of Resource Scholarly Article

Summary of Study that evaluates student's self-regulation skills in an online learning

Essential environment
Information Four major concerns regarding online learning:
Student attitude and satisfaction
Interaction between students and faculty
Learning outcomes
Faculty satisfaction
Self regulation skills are a predictor of academic performance
Self-regulated learning requires interpreting tasks, setting goals,
deciding on strategies effective for achieving those goals, monitoring
progress, and adjusting if needed
Students who are self-regulation are active participants in their own
learning process
The most successful students spent the time to learn the material, while
the least successful students did what was necessary to complete the
task.
Pedagogy needs to re-thought in order to be successful in online
environments

Potential relevance This study is relevant because it provides information on what allows a
to your research student to be successful in an online environment. Self-regulation is the
topic and study biggest component of executive functioning. Students who do not
possess these skills are more likely to regurgitate information and not
learn anything from the curriculum. This study also provides a valid and
strong point for re-evaluating pedagogy as education becomes more
technology based.
 The everything parent's guide to children with executive functioning disorder.

Bibliography Branstetter, R. (2014). The everything parent's guide to children with

Information executive functioning disorder. Avon, MA: Adams Media.

Author(s) Affiliation California certified Psychologist, School Psychologist

Type of Resource Informational Book

Summary of Informational text with strategies to help parents help their child who
Essential struggle with executive functioning deficits
Information Explains executive functioning and the major ten executive functioning
skills
Discusses how to improve those skill areas, how to set up the home to
support development of those skills and advocating for the child at
school
Major ten executive functioning areas: task initiation, response
inhibition, focus, time management, working memory, flexibility, self-
regulation, emotional self-control, task completion, organization,
prioritizing

Potential relevance This book relates to the research topic because it explains what
to your research executive functioning is and also the main areas of executive
topic and study functioning. It provides information on how to improve those areas and
while it is geared to parents, it can be easily adapted to the school
setting. It could help with developing new resources for teachers to use
with their students. Additionally, executive functioning lessons could be
created based off the information in the book to help students with
becoming independent in terms of executive functioning.