Ribb Reservoir Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)

THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA
MINISTRY OF WATER AND ENERGY
ETHIOPIAN NILE IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE PROJECT

(funded by The World Bank)
RIBB RESERVOIR SCHEME
RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN

Final Report
SEPTEMBER 2014
Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................... VII

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................. VIII
CHAPTER 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ..............................................................................................................................1
1.1 Project Context....................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project.....................................................................................................1
1.3 Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project ...................................................................................................................2
1.4 Project Area.........................................................................................................................................................2
1.5 Aim and Scope of the Resettlement Action Plan.................................................................................................3
1.6 Constraints to the Study ......................................................................................................................................3
1.7 Structure of the Report ........................................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER 2 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................5
2.1 Social screening..................................................................................................................................................5
2.2 Surveys Asset Inventory, Socio-economic survey and Preferences ................................................................5
2.3 Draft report preparation .......................................................................................................................................8
CHAPTER 3 PROFILE OF THE PROJECT AREA ..............................................................................................................10
3.1 Profile of the Region, Zone and Woredas .........................................................................................................10
3.2 Profile of the Impacted Kebeles ........................................................................................................................11
3.3 Demographic Profile of Project Affected Households........................................................................................12
3.4 Socio-Economic Survey of Project Affected Households ..................................................................................14
3.5 Baseline status of Project Affected Households................................................................................................19
3.6 Major on-going Government Development Programs/Projects/Plans in the Project Area.................................19
CHAPTER 4 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS ...............................................................................................................22
4.1 Project Stakeholders .........................................................................................................................................22
4.2 Stakeholder Workshops ....................................................................................................................................22
4.3 Community Consultations .................................................................................................................................24
4.4 Focus Group Discussions .................................................................................................................................25
4.5 Preference Survey Consultations......................................................................................................................26
4.6 Institutional Consultations at Amhara Region....................................................................................................27
4.7 Institutional Consultations Ebinat and Farta Woreda .....................................................................................28
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CHAPTER 5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...............................................................................................................................34

5.1 Positive Impacts ................................................................................................................................................34
5.2 Impact on Private assets ...................................................................................................................................35
5.3 Impact on Kebele community/Church/Common Property..................................................................................39
5.4 Impact on vulnerable groups .............................................................................................................................40
5.5 Potential Impacts on host community................................................................................................................41
5.6 Other temporary impacts...................................................................................................................................42
CHAPTER 6 APPLICABLE LEGAL FRAMEWORK.............................................................................................................43
6.1 National Legislation and Practice ......................................................................................................................43
6.2 World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.12) on Involuntary Resettlement............................................................48
6.3 Comparison between GoE legislations and WB OP 4.12..................................................................................49
6.4 Resettlement Policy Framework........................................................................................................................53
CHAPTER 7 MITIGATION MEASURES AND PROCESSES .................................................................................................58
7.1 Impact Mitigation Strategy.................................................................................................................................59
7.2 Impact mitigation measures ..............................................................................................................................59
7.3 Relocation Plan for displaced PAPs ..................................................................................................................65
7.4 Process of compensation and handing over of land..........................................................................................75
7.5 Training Programs.............................................................................................................................................76
7.6 Database of Information ....................................................................................................................................77
7.7 Summary of Preferences...................................................................................................................................78
CHAPTER 8 INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION ....................................................................................................79
8.1 Income Restoration Strategy.............................................................................................................................79
8.2 Judicious use of compensation and assistance amounts..................................................................................79
8.3 Short and Long term work opportunities with the Ribb Dam .............................................................................80
8.4 Income Restoration ...........................................................................................................................................81
8.5 Land and Non-Land Based occupations ...........................................................................................................84
8.6 Consultations with Potential Partner Agencies..................................................................................................98
CHAPTER 9 GENDER ACTION PLAN ...........................................................................................................................102
9.1 Gender Analysis..............................................................................................................................................102
9.2 Women in the Project Area .............................................................................................................................102
9.3 Gender Strategy and Action Plan....................................................................................................................103
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CHAPTER 10 INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK .............................................................................107

10.1 National Level..................................................................................................................................................107
10.2 Regional Level.................................................................................................................................................108
10.3 Woreda level institutions .................................................................................................................................109
10.4 Implementation responsibilities .......................................................................................................................110
10.5 Reporting linkages...........................................................................................................................................112
CHAPTER 11 BUDGET ESTIMATES FOR RAP IMPLEMENTATION ....................................................................................114
11.1 Cost of mitigation measures for PAPs.............................................................................................................114
11.2 Cost of mitigation measures toward project affected kebeles .........................................................................116
11.3 Cost of implementation....................................................................................................................................117
CHAPTER 12 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ................................................................................................................120
12.1 Schedule of RAP Implementation....................................................................................................................120
12.2 Green Light conditions ....................................................................................................................................126
CHAPTER 13 DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION PLAN ......................................................................127
13.1 Disclosure of RAP ...........................................................................................................................................127
13.2 Existing channels of communication ...............................................................................................................127
13.3 Principles for Consultation and Participation in Ribb Reservoir.......................................................................128
13.4 Communication Strategy and Action Plan .......................................................................................................128
13.5 Issues for Dissemination and Participation......................................................................................................130
13.6 Consultations with Host community.................................................................................................................131
CHAPTER 14 MONITORING AND EVALUATION .............................................................................................................132
14.1 Monitoring and Evaluation Framework of ENIDP ............................................................................................132
14.2 M&E Structure Scope and Responsibilities ..................................................................................................133
14.3 Monitoring of RAP Implementation..................................................................................................................133
14.4 Annual External Evaluation .............................................................................................................................136
CHAPTER 15 GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL.......................................................................................................................138
15.1 Types of likely Grievances ..............................................................................................................................138
15.2 Need for Grievance Redressal Mechanism.....................................................................................................138
15.3 Grievance Redressal Mechanism....................................................................................................................138
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1 Structure of Resettlement Action Plan ............................................................................................................................ 4

Table 3.1 Area, Density and Population of affected Woredas, Zone and Region........................................................................ 10
Table 3.2 Population by sex in each affected kebeles................................................................................................................. 11
Table 3.3: Social Services and Infrastructures in the project affected kebeles (Nos.) .................................................................... 11
Table 3.4 Affected population by Religion (%)............................................................................................................................. 12
Table 3.5 Distribution of PAPs by Gender & Age (%).................................................................................................................. 12
Table 3.6 Distribution of PAPs by Educational Status & Gender.................................................................................................. 13
Table 3.7 Employment Status of PAPs (Age 10 and Above)....................................................................................................... 13
Table 3.8 Distribution of Head of households by primary occupation.......................................................................................... 13
Table 3.9 Physical status of the affected population.................................................................................................................... 14
Table 3.10 Disability reported by type.......................................................................................................................................... 14
Table 3.11 Percentage of respondents by type of Membership in CBOs and Cooperative Societies ......................................... 14
Table 3.12 Awareness of HIV/AIDS and Malaria in the area (%) ................................................................................................ 15
Table 3.13 Sources of drinking water (%).................................................................................................................................... 16
Table 3.14 Distance to different water sources by km (%) .......................................................................................................... 16
Table 3.15 Major crops grown under supplementary irrigation (%) ............................................................................................. 17
Table 3.16 Major crops grown under Rain fed irrigation (%) ....................................................................................................... 17
Table 3.17 Percentage of PAHs indicating enrolment in ongoing government programs by program (%).................................. 18
Table 3.18 Usefulness of government programs indicated by Respondents............................................................................... 18
Table 4.1 Details of Stakeholder consultations............................................................................................................................ 22
Table 4.2 Details of community consultations.............................................................................................................................. 24
Table 5.1 Number of PAPs by kebele.......................................................................................................................................... 35
Table 5.2 Impact on privately owned farm lands ......................................................................................................................... 35
Table 5.3 Impact on privately owned common grazing lands ...................................................................................................... 36
Table 5.4 Impact on lands considered ineligible for compensation (Permanent employees) ...................................................... 36
Table 5.5 Impact on severely eroded lands considered ineligible for compensation ................................................................... 36
Table 5.6 Number of PAPs experiencing impact on residential structures .................................................................................. 37
Table 5.7 Impact on Structures by type of structure .................................................................................................................... 37
Table 5.8 Impacts by extent of remaining by loss of structure and then loss of land................................................................... 37
Table 5.9 Impacts on Natural Trees............................................................................................................................................. 38
Table 5.10 Impacts on Eucalyptus Trees..................................................................................................................................... 38
Table 5.11 Impacts on Perennial Crops....................................................................................................................................... 38
Table 5.12 Impacts on Farm and grazing land owned by kebele ................................................................................................ 39
Table 5.13 Impacts on Farm and Grazing land owned by Church............................................................................................... 39
Table 5.14 Impact on Communal grazing land ............................................................................................................................ 39
Table 5.15 Total impacted land.................................................................................................................................................... 40
Table 5.16 No. of affected Female PAPs..................................................................................................................................... 40
Table 5.18 Number of vulnerable PAH ........................................................................................................................................ 41
Table 6.1 Comparison between Government of Ethiopias Legislation and World Banks OP 4.12 ............................................ 50
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Table 6.2 Entitlement framework ................................................................................................................................................. 53

Table 7.1 Assessment of Urban resettlement site for residential purpose at Ebinat Woreda ...................................................... 68
Table 7.2 Assessment of Communal land resettlement site for residential purpose, Amisteya kebele ....................................... 70
Table 7.3 Assessment of resettlement site for residential purpose at Debre Tabor Town .......................................................... 70
Table 8.1 - Distribution of PAHs in terms of balance landholdings ................................................................................................. 81
Table 9.1 No. of female PAPs remaining loss of land and structures........................................................................................ 103
Table 9.2 Preferences for Income Restoration indicated by female PAPs ................................................................................ 103
Table 9.3 Gender Sensitive Monitoring Indicators ..................................................................................................................... 105
Table 9.4 Parameters for assessing quality of life ..................................................................................................................... 105
Table 10.1 Implementation Activities along with responsibility of agencies involved................................................................. 111
Table 11.1 Consolidated Budget Summary for RAP Implementation of Ribb Reservoir Scheme ............................................. 119
Table 12.1 Implementation Schedule of RAP of Ribb Reservoir Scheme ................................................................................. 124
Table 14.1 Performance Indicators for RAP implementation..................................................................................................... 133
Table 14.2 Broad parameters for assessing quality of life ......................................................................................................... 137
Figures
7.1 Project induced risks and potential actions 58
10.1 Overall Information and Reporting Links for RAP implementation 112
14.1 Reporting linkages for Internal Monitoring 132
14.2 Information and Reporting linkages for External Evaluation 135
Photos
2.1 Verification of rural landholding book during disclosure process at Amisteya kebele 9
4.1 Community Consultations at Amisteya and Medeb Gubda and Jara Shikra kebeles 25
4.2 Focus Group discussions with women at Amisteya and Medebgubda 27
7.1 Resettlement Sites in Woreda town area 69
7.2 Bank and Woreda offices in Ebinat Woreda Town Centre 70
7.3 Types of houses in Ebinat Town 73
Boxes
7.1 and National Strategic Plan for Malaria Prevention, Control and Elimination in Ethiopia, 2010-2015 64
7.2
15.1 Essentials in Grievance Redressal 139
Annexures
2.1 Documents referred, websites visited and departments met 141
5.1 List of PAPs requiring to relocate 144
6.1 Key definitions 147
7.1 Entitlement Agreement Certificate 150
8.1 Terms of Reference for Livelihood and Income Restoration for PAPs of Ribb Reservoir Scheme 151
10.1 Terms of Reference for Social Development Specialist for RIDP 157
10.2 TORs for Support Experts at the Woreda Level 159
14.1 Monitoring Indicators (indicative) 161
14.2 Template for Monthly Internal Monitoring Report of RAP implementation (Indicative) 164
14.3 Terms of Reference for Annual External Evaluation 166
Appendices in soft copy (CD)
2.1 Socio-Economic Survey Form
2.2 Preference Survey Form
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2.3 Cadastral Data, coordinates and areas of parcels and list of PAPs
3.1 Socio-Economic Survey findings
4.1 Details of Consultation
4.2 Attendance Sheets
7.1 Letter regarding allotment of resettlement sites from Ebinat Woredas and Debre Tabor
7.2 Letter regarding allotment of communal grazing land in Amisteya kebele
8.1 Preference survey findings
11.1 Cost estimate of Resettlement sites prepared by SMEC Ethiopia
15.1 Sample Grievance Format
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ANRS Amhara National Regional State

ASCI Amhara Savings and Credit Institution
BCC Behavioural Change Communication
BoARD Bureau for Agricultural and Rural Development
BoEPLAU Bureau of Environmental Protection and Land Administration Use
BoFED Bureau for Finance and Economic Development
CSA Central Statistical Agency
EC Ethiopian Calendar
ENIDP Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project
ENSAP Eastern Nile Subsidiary Action Program
ETB Ethiopian Birr
FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
FGD Focus Group Discussion
GoE Government of Ethiopia
GRM Grievance Redressal Mechanism
HEW Health Extension Worker
IEC Information Education and Communication
LDA Livestock Development Agency
LLIN Long Lasting Insecticidal Net
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
MoWE Ministry of Water and Energy
NPC National Project Coordinator
NPSC National Project Steering Committee
OP Operational Policy
OP 4.12 Operational Policy on Involuntary Resettlement
OoEPLAU Office of Environmental Protection and Land Administration Use
PAH Project Affected Household
PAP Project Affected Person
PSNP Productive Safety Net Program
RAP Resettlement Action Plan
RPF Resettlement Policy Framework
RPSC Regional Project Steering Committee
SDS Social Development Specialist
WB The World Bank
WoARD Woreda office of Agricultural and Rural Development
WoFED Woreda office of Finance and Economic Development
WPITs Woreda Project Implementation Teams
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Context
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) in agreement with the World Bank has prepared the Ethiopian Nile
Irrigation and Drainage Project (ENIDP) that will finance up to 20,000 ha of new irrigated agriculture and complete
detailed feasibility studies up to 80,000 ha of land. The Project Development Objective is to sustainably increase
agricultural output and productivity in project areas. The schemes to be financed under the project include: Megech
Pump (at Seraba) Irrigation and Drainage Project and Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project (RIDP). The project
comprises four components: Irrigation Development; Agricultural and Market Development; Irrigation Management
and Project Management. The total Project cost is estimated to be US$ 173.6 million1 of which the International
Development Association (IDA) will finance US$ 150.00 million, while FDRE and Beneficiaries will contribute the
balance US$ 23.6 million. The implementing agency for the project is Ministry of Water and Energy (MoWE).
Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project (RIDP)

The RIDP intends to transform rain-fed subsistence agriculture into irrigated commercial agriculture. The project is
located in South Gonder Zone in Amhara National Regional State, on the east side of Lake Tana between Bahir Dar
and Gonder towns. 14,460 ha2 of the Fogera Plain a floodplain on each side of the Ribb River, is proposed to be
irrigated by water stored behind the Ribb Dam, and released into the Ribb River and distributed by gravity to
approximately 11,500 farming households in the Project Command Area (PCA). The Ribb dam is a 73.2 meter earth-
rock fill dam and the flooded area at elevation of 1,940.00 masl (Normal Water Level) will be about 10 km2 and
11.235 km2 (1123.5 ha) at 1,943.00 masl (Maximum Water Level), with reservoir storage capacity of 234 million cubic
meter. Areas in four kebeles Ayvaniva, Medebgubda, Jara Shikhra in Farta Woreda and Amisteya in Ebinat
Woreda will be submerged leading to formation of the Ribb Reservoir.
Objective and Scope of Resettlement Plan

An Environment and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) study carried out for RIDP identified the likely benefits,
adverse impacts, and proposed indicative measures and mechanisms for mitigation of the identified impacts. It
enabled scoping of the task for preparation of the RAP. The overall objective of RAP is to ensure that affected
households are no worse-off after the Project when compared to the pre-project situation. The RAP carries forward
the findings of the ESIA study, details the non-tangible and tangible impacts, enlists the affected persons along with
their socio-economic details and records their preferences for resettlement and rehabilitation. It further elaborates on
the mitigation measures within the context of Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) and the mechanisms: to
implement the RAP, monitor and evaluate its implementation and outcomes, and redress the grievances.
Approach and Methodology

The RAP was prepared in three stages. The first stage included a desk review of literature relevant to the project
and the region such as proclamations, directives, on-going government schemes and projects. It was followed by a
Stakeholder workshop in July 2010 with broad range of stakeholders drawn from the regional, woredas and kebele
administration, etc. to introduce the project and elicit their views and concerns. The Second stage comprised
surveys inventory of affected assets, Socio-economic profiling of PAPs, and for recording preferences of each
Project Affected household with regard to resettlement and rehabilitation. Consultations were held with communities
and institutions relevant to preparation and also likely to have a role in RAP implementation. Resettlement sites were
identified for those who are likely to be displaced and opting to shift to other locations. Legal verification of PAPs was
1 Original Total Project Cost was US$ 110.0 million

2 Source: ESIA report by BRL Ingenerie
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carried out at Kebele level disclosure events to help establish eligibility of PAPs for compensation of affected assets
and other assistances. Third stage comprised RAP preparation including generating maps of parcels that need to be
acquired. For this purpose, Cadastral mapping was completely generated from intensive ground surveying
technique. GIS system enabled management of both the physical and attributes information of each plot of land
together. GIS data was synchronized with other details from the legal verification exercise so that the implementation
i.e. acquisition of land from the rightful owners and due processing of entitlements can be facilitated. The
Compensation document was prepared, in close collaboration with the valuation committees of both Woredas. After
due checking, the document was approved by the respective Valuation committees, their Woreda Cabinets, Regional
BoEPLAU before its submission to MoWE and for incorporation of compensation details in the RAP.
Baseline survey findings

The average household size amongst PAHs is 4.5 per household. As per survey, 98.97% of the PAPs follow
Christianity as their religion, while Muslims constitute less than 1% of the total PAH. In terms of distribution by age,
44.79% of PAPs are less than 15 years. Only about 1.85% of the total affected population is above 65 years.
Educational status is very low as 54.96% of the PAPs are illiterate. Higher illiteracy rate (60.78%) is recorded
amongst female population. Only about 1.45% of PAPs are educated upto Grade 11 and above. In terms of
occupation, 94.89% of the Household heads reported their primary occupation to be agriculture. Other occupations
practiced include Daily labour, Weaving, Blacksmith and Petty trading. Major health problems reported are Malaria
and Diarrhea. Baseline status: 97.99% of the PAPs (Household heads) in the three kebeles reported of agriculture
as the main source of income. The remaining PAPs were either practicing petty trade, followed by employment and
non-farm labor. In terms of income, ETB 33584.06 was the average annual income across the surveyed households.
60.37% in Medebgubda reported of receiving farmer trainings, followed by Jarashikra (31.88%) and Amisteya
(14.68%). 25.87% of the PAHs in Amisteya reported of enrolment in PSNP. With regard to possession of other
skills, nearly one fifth (19.41%) reported of Petty Trade, while a total of 12.58% PAHs reported of other skills such as
Weaving, spinning, Tannery, Carpentry, Masonry, Blacksmith, etc. Livestock Holding: 91.03% of the total indicated
possession of livestock mainly cattle, goat and sheep.
Stakeholder Consultations
Consultations included: a Workshop with a broad range of stakeholders, key informant interviews with officials of
implementing agencies; consultations with communities, particularly PAPs and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs)
with women groups. Key topics discussed included: objective and scope of the project, likely benefits such as fishery
development, irrigation development in the command area. Key concerns expressed by the PAPs were regarding
accuracy in measurements of affected assets, participation of the community in valuation; compensation for
communal lands, timely payment of compensation and counselling on its usage; options for resettlement and
rehabilitation, provision of trainings to take up other occupations; health issues relating to water-borne diseases,
particularly malaria; and the spread of STIs e.g. HIV/AIDS. Consultations with implementing agencies helped assess
their capacity and constraints. Also, an assessment out of potential partner agencies such as Organization for
Rehabilitation and Development in Amhara (ORDA), Amhara Development Association (ADA), etc. with prior
experience and expertise in livelihood activities was also carried.
Project Impacts
Positive Impacts: The anticipated positive impacts likely to accrue in the command area of the project i.e. Libo-
kemkem and Fogera woredas are: a) Increased cropping intensity due to provision of dry season irrigation water; b)
Increased crop yields due to improved drainage, inputs and crop husbandry; c) Increased crop diversity due to an
improvement of land capability by irrigation and drainage and improved access to seeds and markets; d) Increased
and stabilised household incomes from agriculturally related goods and services and associated local employment
including for scheme operation and maintenance; e) Improved institutional capacity of government organizations
responsible for water management and agricultural development at regional, woreda and kebele levels; f) Improved
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road access with many associated benefits with many associated benefits; g) Reduced impacts from flooding; h)
reduction in incidences of water-borne diseases malaria due to draining out of excess water; i) short-term and long
term opportunities during construction stage. In the reservoir area, positive impacts shall be development of reservoir
fishery and tourism related activities, etc.
Adverse impacts: Census/asset inventory survey helped to ascertain the quantum of impacts in the Reservoir area
upto an elevation of 1943.5 masl (including additional 0.5 meters of buffer zone) For Ribb Reservoir Project, the cut-
off date3 i.e. the official date of commencement of updation of asset inventory survey is November 21, 2012.
Adverse impacts are summarized in the table below:
Type of Adverse Impacts Individual: Loss of land, structures (including Tukuls), trees, crops, production loss,
access,
Kebele community: likely increase in incidents of waterborne diseases such as malaria
and HIV/AIDS cases due to in-migration, pressure on host population at resettlement
sites in urban areas; greater risks to food security; reduced grazing land
Type of Affected Individuals, Kebeles and Churches
persons/institutions
Woredas affected 2; Ebinat and Farta
Kebeles affected 4; Amisteya (Ebinat Woreda), Ayvanvia, Jara Shikra and Medebgubda (in Farta Woreda)
No. of PAHs directly affected by No. of PAHs: 1091; Total No. of PAPs: 4909 (based on average household size of 4.5)
the project
Break up of PAHs by kebele (in Amisteya (393), Ayvaniva (4), Jara Shikra (194) and Medeb Gubda (500)
nos.)
Type of land being acquired Private cultivable land (rainfed and irrigated), privately owned grazing and communal land
Average landholding size Medebgubda (1.015 ha); Jarashikra (0.86 ha), Ayvaniva (0.833 ha) and Amestiya (0.78 ha).
Quantum of land to be acquired 1041.616
(in ha)
Break up of Total farm land by 946.2171 (Individual); 2.799 (Kebele) and 2.34375 (Church); 4.93493 (ineligible as already
ownership govt. land) and 1.69049 (ineligible as severely eroded)
Quantum of grazing land (in ha) 83.63027 (Communal land - 75.61116; Private grazing land 7.96216; Church 0.5695)
Residential structures impacted Total 211 structures of floor area 4,596.95 sq.mtr2 owned by 136 PAPs; 60 structures with
(Nos.) Corrugated Iron Sheet roofed and 151 with Thatched Roof
Trees affected by type and no. Kebele Natural Trees Eucalyptus Perennial trees
Amisteya 10804 26268 2436
Ayvaniva 11 0 0
Jara Shikra 1745 11353 39
Medeb Gubda 18041 95047 154
Total 30601 132668 2629
No. of vulnerable Households (of 276, Female headed households (177); old age above 65 years (99);
1091 PAHs)
Physically displaced PAHs and Number of PAHs who shall be shifting to project identified urban resettlement sites or
relocating to project identified communal land site: 85
resettlement sites Maximum number of PAHs are 50 from Medebgubda kebele, while there are four from
Jara Shikra kebele
Amisteya has two sets of resettlers: 7 households relocating to rural site and 24
relocating to Ebinat Woreda town centre
3 The establishment of a cut-off date is required to prevent opportunistic invasions/rush migration into the project zone as that could be a major
risk to the sub-project
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Resettlement Policy Framework

A Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) was formulated for ENIDP on basis of FDRE regulations and World Banks
Operational Policy (OP 4.12) on Involuntary Resettlement. The RPF was approved by Bank and disclosed at its
Infoshop in 2007. The RPF defines roles, responsibilities and procedures for the preparation, review and approval of
the RAPs and thereby ensures that both the national and donor requirements for land acquisition and resettlement
are adequately addressed. It forms the basis for preparation of this RAP. The three key components of the RPF
relevant to the RAP are: a) permanent displacement compensation for loss of assets on land; and c) provision of
income restoration support for livelihood measures as per PAP preferences. Therefore mitigation measures will be as
follows: a) Cash compensation for assets on land lost by individual farmers; b) Cash compensation for community
grazing land to respective affected kebeles; c) Specialized Training and Economic Rehabilitation Grant (ERG)
support to the PAPs to take up income restoration activities; d) special support measures to vulnerable households;
e) amenities such as water, electricity at resettlement sites that are specifically developed at urban areas.
Compensation, Expropriation, Resettlement and Livelihood & Income Restoration

After in-depth discussions on the compensation choices offered, all PAHs preferred to take cash compensation for
loss of land, in lieu of proportionately sized plot of irrigable land in the command area, displacement compensation
i.e. compensation for crop loss for ten (10) years would be paid at one time. The project shall contract experienced
Income Restoration Agency(ies) to provide support to those PAHs with a balance landholding to take up alternate
livelihood activities based on their skills and preferences. Compensation for trees and structures on land:
Compensation for assets on land i.e. trees and structures would be paid to the PAPs as per framework. For
structures, payments shall be made at replacement costs. Compensation for ten (10) years would be paid at one time
shall be paid to individual PAPs for loss of private or common grazing land to kebeles for communal land.
Additional support measures to enhance the productivity of the balance grazing lands in the form of fodder
development programs, etc. will be provided by the respective woreda departments. For those vulnerable PAPs who
are required to shift, support measures shall include: i) support in shifting in kind (logistics) to identified resettlement
sites only to vulnerable households; ii) site fully prepared and plots allotted in their name free of charge by provision
of permanent holding certificate; iii) allowance to salvage all material particularly structures, even though these have
been expropriated and compensated; iv) enrollment in food security programs, particularly for vulnerable
households; iv) income restoration program with a mix of short and long term measures that include: provision of
support depending on PAPs choice of livelihood and income restoration in the form of: Training, development of
suitable business proposals based on market assessment; and provision of backward and forward linkages, ERG,
etc.; judicious usage of compensation amount should be effectively planned and carefully implemented through
appropriate guidance and counseling on investment options; Provision of basic financial literacy; Provision of petty
contracts on a preferential basis for works such as: housekeeping i.e. cleaning, sanitation, electrical works, security
guards, support services, etc.; give preference to PAPs followed by community members from project affected
kebeles, while engaging drivers for light vehicles. If PAPs have any light vehicles that could be used by the project
then engage/contract.
For those losing structure everything (all land and house) and losing residential structures with some balance land
and opting to shift to other sites, resettlement sites were identified. For the total of 85 PAHs, Ebinat Woreda identified
2 urban sites and 1 Rural (Communal Land) site while in Farta Woreda only one urban site and no rural site was
identified. As per the standard of the towns 200 sq. m area is provided for 54 PAHs in Debre Tabor town and 250 sq.
m for 24 PAHs] in Ebinat town. Ebinat Woreda has identified two sites for residential purposes and Debre Tabor town
identified one site. Further Ebinat Woreda identified a communal land site for giving 500 sq.mtr plots (as per norms
for plots in rural areas) to 7 PAPs of Amisteya kebele within the kebele.
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Mitigation measures addressed the wider kebele/community would include suitable measures to mitiigate, loss of
access, accidents, temporary impacts or loss, health impacts e.g. Malaria, increase in HIV/Aids, provide necessary
support to overcome loss of community resources such as grazing land.
The provision of compensation and applicable support measures to individuals would require MoWE, through
BoEPLAU, to formally disclose compensation packages; prepare and provide an Entitlement Certificate in local
language Amharic. The certificate would contain details of impacted assets land area (rain fed & irrigated),
compensation amount for lost assets, provision of income generating activity and related support measures, and the
date by which land must be vacated. Additional support measures to PAPs such as Economic Rehabilitation Grant
and Training Grant where applicable too will be specified. Once the Entitlement Certificate have been signed and
handed over to PAPs compensation would be disbursed directly to the bank accounts of the PAPs. The Woreda
administration will facilitate evacuation of the land. Land holder shall hand over the land to the woreda administration
within 90 days from the date of payment of compensation when permanent structures as houses and other valuable
fixed assets exist on the expropriated land. Within this period of time the PAP expected to completely remove all
valuable properties from the land, and demolish and reconstruct houses in new place. Where there is no valuable
asset (no standing crop, perennial crop or other property) on the expropriated land, the holder shall hand over the
land to the Woreda administration within thirty (30) days from the date of receipt of the expropriation order.
Gender Mainstreaming
Gender aspects would be main-streamed into all aspects of RAP implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation as well
as in Grievance redressal. In terms of mitigation measures, compensation would be paid for both women and men
equally either through joint account or direct payment. Also gender concerns are integrated into all activities such as
relocation to another resettlement site, livelihoods restoration programs, etc. Participation of project affected women
in the consultation process would be ensured by making their presence mandatory in all kebele level meetings. Day
crche facilities will help solve the problems of such women who can leave behind their children in such a crche and
work for the day in the construction activities. In case, owing to the demand of a fast construction, a 24 hour-long
work-schedule would be in operation, then women, especially the mothers with infants would to be exempted from
night shifts as far as possible. Each field team of the NGO/Consultancy firm responsible for Income restoration and
External Evaluation are to include at least one female in their team of Key Personnel. The WPITs should ensure that
women are actually taking part in issuance of identity cards, opening accounts in the bank and women PAPs are
receiving compensation amounts by cheques in their name. The RAP would be monitored and evaluated using
gender specific indicators. Women Affairs departments of the woredas would be involved in RAP implementation.
They would be also well represented in the Committees constitute for Relocation and Compensation.
Implementing Institutions
MoWE would have the overall responsibility of RAP implementation, supported by Regional and Woreda level
institutions, WPITs and Woreda OoEPLAU, Agricultural departments will support the Agency contracted for Income
Restoration of PAP in development of livelihood and income restoration programs. Woreda Health offices shall
support RAP implementation Anti-Malaria and HIV/AIDS measures. The SD specialist for Ribb (hosed at BOEPLUA)
will be supported by the 3 team of experts in both Farta and Ebnat Woredas. The six will report to the Woreda and
also to the SD Specialist for Ribb at the regional level. The SD specialist for Ribb should report both to BEPLAU and
RPCO who will be accountable for the overall coordination of RAP which is also part of project coordination. For
implementing & monitoring of the measure relating to enrollment in food security program for those vulnerable PAHs,
Disaster Prevention, Food Security Office and Safety Net Program Coordination Office at Bahir Dar will support the
WPITs in addition to the support received from Woreda Council, WOARD and Kebele Administration and Kebele
Food Security Task Force (KFSTF) in monitoring the food security situation of vulnerable PAHs. These agencies will
also monitor the food situation for other PAHs i.e. those non-vulnerable and recommend appropriate actions with
respect to inclusion or otherwise.
Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme Final Report Page xii
Disclosure and communication strategy

The draft RAP full translated in Amharic language, would be disclosed on MOWE website as well at the World Bank
Infoshop. Feedback if any would be incorporated into the final RAP document, following which the final RAP will be
disclosed again. Further to enhance transparency in implementation, the list of PAPs for disbursement of benefits
shall be separately disclosed at the concerned kebele offices, Regional BoEPLAU and any other relevant offices, etc.
Information on implementation activities shall be disseminated through disclosure events. Key actions under the
communication strategy and plan comprise: a) installation of notice boards in the four kebeles; b) designating an
Public Information Officer (PIO) to provide information on the project; c) establishment of a Public Information Center
(PIC) to ensure more accessibility to PAPs; d) holding regular meetings in presence of key officials from the Woreda
administration (WPITs)/ Kebele administration; e) Mass media agency: A mass media agency would be contracted
to disseminate message, develop appropriate documentaries on income restoration activities for wider dissemination
to all public
Monitoring and Evaluation

The monitoring programme will have two broad components: Internal monitoring and external Evaluation. MoWE will
conduct the concurrent internal monitoring with support from regional and woreda level bodies. It would be one
continuous and routine process of tracking and reporting on activities and outputs associated with use of project
resources. It would be closely integrated with the routine reporting system of implementing agencies and units
(through Monthly, Quarterly and Annual Reports). It would include collection, analysis, reporting and use of
information about the progress of R&R against a time-bound implementation schedule indicated in the RAP.
Quantitative indicators that focus on physical and financial targets and delivery of entitlements to PAPs will provide
an efficient tool to supplement qualitative assessment that shall be carried out in the case of socio-economic impacts.
Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) unit, RPCO at Amhara region will coordinate with regional and woreda level
agencies and contracted agency (ies) for Income Restoration that will supplement the M&E unit by providing
information as necessary. Internal monitoring under the Regional Coordinators office will commence soon after the
RAP is approved and implementation activities commence. Internal monthly monitoring reports will be compiled by
the Monitoring and Evaluation Unit of RPCO, while formal monitoring reports will be prepared for distribution to
relevant stakeholders including World Bank on a quarterly basis. MoWE will contract a specialized agency to carry
out External Evaluation on an annual basis to assess the effectiveness of the RAP implementation in relation to
achievement of RAP objectives; identify constraints, and recommend any corrective measures as may be necessary
to achieve stated outcomes and objectives. It would draw upon information gathered from routine monitoring,
supplemented by information from surveys/ studies, including baseline and follow-up studies and other sources. The
timing of the evaluation exercises would be such as to feed the findings into the Annual Project Review Workshop. A
Mid-term evaluation would be carried out at the end of Year 3, while the End-term (or terminal) evaluation would be
carried out a few months after Year 5.
Grievance Redressal
For the Ribb Reservoir scheme, there shall be Grievance mechanisms at kebele, woreda, and Regional level for
addressing grievances relating to compensation, relocation and other processes, etc. To address these greivances
Committees are formed. First level of grievance handling will involve physical verification upon receipt of any
grievance such as inaccurate measurement of impacted asset, loss of access, damage to structures, crops during
construction, counting of trees etc. that do not involve immediate monetary implications. The physical verification and
certification will be carried out by the WPIT members in presence of PAPs and appropriate documentation would be
done. They would draw upon the Relocation Committee and Income Restoration Agency(ies) as required. Response
would be provided to the concerned PAP within 7-10 days of receipt of grievance. The GRC will normally meet once
in a month but may meet more frequently, if the situation so demands. A time period of 45 days will be available for
redressing the grievance of EPs. The decision of the GRC will not be binding to PAPs. The PAP would have two
more levels at the Woreda and Region, besidess the option of taking recourse to the court of law, if he/she so desires
Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme Final Report Page xiii
Implementation Schedule
Disclosure of Draft RAP; updation and finalization of RAP upon: completion of survey in unsurveyed area and
enumeration of number of PAPs and receipt and incorporation of comments if any upon draft disclosure; issuance of
entitlement certificates and compensation payments, preparation of and relocation to resettlement sites;
commencement training of kebele irrigation level committee members, setting up/operationalizing of grievance
redressal cells at the Kebele are some of the key implementation activities. At present the dam construction is
expected to be completed by June 2015 and the areas forming the reservoir are expected to be fully submerged by
October 2016. As already areas have started getting submerged, while land expropriation following compensation
and relocation activities will be completed at the earliest, the re-establishment of livelihoods is expected to take up
much longer. Hence the total RAP implementation period is Sixty (60) months.
Budget Estimate for RAP Implementation

Budget include costs of: compensation for assets, mitigation measures for kebeles such as provision of ferry service,
health centre, contracting agencies for Income Restoration, Annual External Evaluation and mass media for
dissemination; hiring of livelihood experts, provision of anti malaria and HIV/AIDS measures and other field
administration costs. The cost of implementing the RAP for Ribb Reservoir Scheme shall be ETB 314672600.
Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme Final Report Page xiv
CHAPTER 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
1.1 Project Context

Ethiopias current emphasis on expanded investment in irrigation has benefited from achievements in recent years
under the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI). The NBI was formally launched in February 1999 by the Council of Ministers of
Water Affairs of the Nile Basin States. The Initiative includes all Nile countries and provides an agreed basin-wide
framework to fight poverty and promote socio-economic development in the region. The Initiative is guided by a
Shared Vision to achieve sustainable socio-economic development through the equitable utilization of; and benefit
from, the common Nile Basin water resources. The Nile countries seek to realize their Shared Vision among others
through a Subsidiary Action Program (SAP), comprising sub-basin projects. The World Bank has been actively
engaged in supporting the Nile Basin Initiative. Under the Nile Basin Initiative, the Eastern Nile Subsidiary Action
Program (ENSAP), which includes the countries of Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan, is a regional program of co-operative
investment that seeks to initiate a regional, integrated multi-purpose program through first set of investments. The
ENSAP countries have identified sub-projects in the areas of integrated water resources management, flood
management, power generation and interconnection, watershed management, and irrigation and drainage. In 2001,
the Eastern Nile Council of Ministers (ENCOM) decided that funding should be sought to advance studies of
promising irrigation and drainage sites to feasibility and design level. In October 2004, ENCOM decided to fast tract
irrigation and drainage projects to achieve clear results of Nile Basin Collaboration on the ground, and agreed to
feasibility studies for 100,000 ha, and investment for initial development of irrigation of around 20,000-30 ha, in each
country.
1.2 Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project

The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) in agreement with the World Bank prepared
the Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project (ENIDP) that will finance up to 20,000 ha of new irrigated
agriculture and complete detailed feasibility studies of up to 80,000 ha. The total Project cost is estimated at
US$173.6 million, of which International Development Association (IDA) will finance US$ 150.00 million and FDRE
and Beneficiaries will finance the remaining US$ 23.6 million. The selection of the irrigation schemes to be included
in the ENIDP is the result of a strategic analysis of potential irrigation developments in the Ethiopian Nile Basin, by
Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) in July 2006. The analysis evaluated the relative attractiveness of nine
potential schemes based on economic, environmental and social criteria. Based on this analysis, the MoWE
selected the schemes to be included for financing and for study by the ENIDP. The designated schemes to be
financed for development by the ENIDP are Megech Pump (at Seraba), Ribb reservoir and Ribb irrigation scheme.
The development objective of the project is to sustainably increase agricultural output and productivity in project
areas. In addition, the project aims to contribute to further strengthening cooperation on the Nile between Egypt,
Ethiopia and Sudan. The proposed project comprises three technical components: (i) Irrigation Development; (ii)
Agricultural and Market Development; and (iii) Irrigation Management. The fourth component is Project
Management. The project will support the Lake Tana growth pole and will closely work together with other
operations such as the Tana Beles project and the Rural Capacity Building Project4. The objective of first component
Irrigation Development is develop sustainably about 20,000 hectares of ground and surface water infrastructure
and ascertain future irrigation potential in 80,000 hectares. In support of capturing the multiplier benefits of irrigation
investments, the component will accelerate the existing FDREs land certification program in the project area. The
component will finalize feasibility and detailed design studies, prepare bidding documents and launch tenders for
construction and construction supervision, and develop irrigation infrastructure covering about 20,000 hectares. The
component will also conduct feasibility studies into 80,000 hectares of irrigated agriculture and will conduct a number
4 Source: Project Appraisal Document, Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project, The World Bank
Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme Final Report Page 1
of additional studies. Finally, the component will promote low-cost irrigation technologies in low-lying areas around
Lake Tana.
The expected project results include: (i) improved access to water on about 20,000 hectares of irrigation
infrastructure through investments in infrastructure, (ii) improved access to markets for inputs and produce through
support to targeted supply chains; (iii) adequate management of irrigation through public-private partnerships,
promotion of small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) / small and medium size industries (SMIs) and
strengthening of capacities of water users associations, and (iv) satisfactory project management and use resources
in accordance with the projects objectives and procedures, and increased government support for agricultural
intensification in irrigated areas through increased public expenditures.
1.3 Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project

The RIDP intends to transform rainfed subsistence agriculture into irrigated commercial agriculture. The project will
encompass flood control, drainage, and supplementary plus dry season irrigation. It would allow improved cropping
in the dry season. Associated drainage and flood protection measures would improve conditions for wet season
agriculture. The project command area of RIDP is located in Libo Kemkem and Fogera woredas of South Gonder
Zone in Amhara National Regional State, i.e. in the plains in the middle Ribb valley on both sides of the Addis Zemen
Wereta road and does not extend to the Lake Tana shores. Of the total irrigable command area identified of
19,925 ha, RIDP proposes that up to 14,460 ha5 of the Fogera Plain, a floodplain on each side of the Ribb River, be
irrigated by water stored in Ribb Reservoir behind the Ribb Dam, and is released into the Ribb River and then
distributed by gravity to approximately 11,500 farming households.
1.4 Project Area

The Ribb Dam financed by MoWE for irrigation water storage and for flood management of Lake Tana is located in
Ebinat Woreda, North East of Bahir Dar city at a distance of 142 km east of Lake Tana and can be accessed from the
town of Addis Zemen using the existing 40 km long dry weather road6. The dam site is characterized by broad and
flat flood plains, old bench forming terrace and low to high relief basaltic hills with steep to moderately steep slopes.
The dam site area is extensively used for farming, settlements being denser at the upper reservoir slopes and top of
the hills. The area can be characterized as a mountainous river valley, quite narrow at the dam site. The valley
contains cultivated plots wherever the topography is suitable (slopes not too steep or rocky). The area has been used
for rain fed agriculture by farmers and the valley that will be inundated by water later, is now under cultivation by
farmers at large and partly inhabited by the people. The majority of the population in the area settled in the top of the
valley in scattered form in the village for each settlement area constitutes homestead.
The dam shall be a 73.2 m earth-rock fill dam and the flooded area at elevation of 1,940.00 masl (Normal Water
Level) will be about 10 km2 and 11.235 km2 (1123.5 ha) at 1,943.00 masl (Maximum Water Level), with reservoir
storage capacity of 234 million cubic meter. Other features include: Saddle dams (3), a Coffer dam, a side channel
spillway, required for the safe passage of flood discharge; and in-take tower and outlet pipeline, to release water from
the reservoir back to the river course for downstream environmental releases, and subsequent diversion to the
19,925 ha irrigable area. The area to be flooded to form the Ribb Reservoir is situated in four kebeles
Medebgubda, Jara Shekera, Ayvaniya of Farta Woreda and Amisteya kebele of Ebinat Woreda. The Buffer zone i.e.
the area in between the maximum normal reservoir water level (1943 masl) and maximum flood level (1943.5 masl)
is treated as buffer zone of the reservoir area. The area inside 1943.5 masl is determined to be an impact zone and
the area shall be acquired as well by the project..

6 Source: Ribb Dam Feasibility Study, Water Works Design and Supervision Enterprise in association with Tahal, 2007
1.5 Aim and Scope of the Resettlement Action Plan

The ESIA study carried out for the RIDP identified multiple likely positive and adverse impacts due to the project.
ESIA estimated a total of 11,500 beneficiary households in the project command area for the whole scheme. It also
indicated that all land users will be affected by land reallocation and consolidation to create the rectangular basic
irrigation units proposed in the layout plan. Irrigation development includes almost all settlements in the command
area. Therefore all residents of the command area too would be considered Project Affected Persons (PAPs),
together with people who live outside the command area but are dependent on resources within it. While RIDP
covers all households including beneficiary households in the command area and also includes those affected by the
Reservoir, this specific RAP covers only those PAP/PAHs who assets and livelihoods are to be directly affected due
to submergence by the reservoir waters following dam construction.7
The Resettlement Policy Framework of ENIDP formed the basis for preparation of RAP for the Ribb Reservoir. It had
been formulated on basis of FDRE regulations and World Banks OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement. It defines
roles, responsibilities and procedures for the preparation, review and approval of the RAPs and thereby addresses
the national and donor (World Banks) requirements on land acquisition and resettlement. The overall objective of
RAP is to ensure that affected households are no worse-off after the Project. The RAP carries forward the findings of
the ESIA study and, besides listing the non-tangible impacts, quantifies the tangible impacts and enlists the affected
persons/households who shall be directly affected by the project infrastructure.
1.6 Constraints to the Study

The key constraints experienced were the following:
Disruption of survey works due to rains: Due to rains in January 2011 the survey works were suspended
temporarily and restarted in Mid-March, 2011 resulting in delays in completion of balance activities and report
preparation;
Non-availability of cadastral maps of the area. Woreda officials informed that though Cadastral survey has not
been carried out of the project area, 100% land certification had been completed. Therefore the area of plots
measured during asset survey using modern equipment is accurate for the plots/area within the reservoir zone.
Impact of non-availability of cadastral maps and accurate land holding was felt in regards to estimating the
balance lands with PAHs as while rural landholding books have details of all their parcels, total landholdings,
etc., but these are only estimates and not accurate measurements based on modern survey.
Issue of jumped parcels requiring survey, first reported by Farta Woreda soon after the completion of the survey
and subsequently by Ebinat Woreda following computation and approval of the compensation document
required multiple joint field based verifications and led to more repeat field checks and time delays;
Completion of Compensation valuation process took time on account of: i) continual power outage experienced
in the area; ii) busy schedule of committee members and involvement in routine tasks and iii) farming season
requiring committee members to attend to non-project activities.
Rates of assets (crops and trees) applied for computation of compensation by Ebinat and Farta Woredas and
approved by Woreda Cabinet were considered too high for certain types of crops in the region and disapproved
by the Regional BoEPLAU. It required correction and thereby re-computation of the compensation document by
both Woredas and re-submission. Specifically the revision was not intended to cut the price but to rather verify
that all rates used in the computations are reasonable. Accordingly, for instance, rates for natural trees provided
by the farta woreda agricultural office was a bit too high, while rate for unripe perennial crops provided by Ebinat
woreda agriculture office was found too high and reduced. Some minor adjustments was also made for rates
used for structures and grazing lands;
Delay in: i) confirmation of provision of plots for those opting to resettle in town areas sizes by the zonal
administration along with the plot size details; ii) finalizing of resettlement sites took nearly 12 months since the
7. A separate RAP shall cover those who are likely to be direct irrigation infrastructure
process was commenced in May 2012; and iii) approval of Compensation document by concerned Woreda and
Regional authorities took nearly 8 months till November 2013.
1.7 Structure of the Report

The Resettlement Action Plan is organised as given in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1 Structure of Resettlement Action Plan
Chapter no. Brief description of contents
1 Project Context, Ribb Reservoir details, scope of RAP and constraints experienced
2 Approach and Methodology to prepare the RAP including public consultations/preference survey undertaken
Profile of the project area details of Farta and Ebinat woredas and four affected kebeles; with socio-economic
3
characteristics of the broader area, and the results of the asset inventory of PAPs
4 Details of consultations with various stakeholders and assessment
5 Positive and quantified adverse impacts induced by the project based on asset inventory survey
Existing legal and regulatory framework, comparison between WB and GoE legislations and Entitlement
6
Framework
7 Mitigation Measures and Processes
8 Livelihood and Income Restoration Plan
9 Gender Action Plan including specific gender measures
10 Institutional and organisational mechanism, roles and responsibilities
11 Unit rates for different impacted items crops, trees, structures, cost of implementation activities and also the
total estimate for implementation of RAP
12 Activity wise Implementation Schedule
13 Disclosure of RAP, Communication action plan for participation
Monitoring framework along with a comprehensive set of indicators, linkages, approach to evaluation of RAP
14
implementation.
15 Grievance redressal mechanisms: composition of committees and processes
Indicative Terms of Reference for the Income Restoration agency and for the Annual External Evaluation, formats for
Internal monitoring report, and other useful details are annexed to the report. Other relevant information that forms
the basis for prepareation of the report are presented in Appendices that is included in soft copy (See CD)
CHAPTER 2 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY
RAP preparation comprised three stages Social Screening stage; Survey stage including asset inventory,
Demographic, Socio-Economic, Preference survey; and finally Report preparation stage. Each of the stages is
described below:
2.1 Social screening

Desk review: A desk-based review of literature was carried out. The reviewed literature included Project Appraisal
Document (PAD) and Project Implementation Manual (PIM) of ENIDP, Feasibility and ESIA reports of RIDP; all
Proclamations, Directives and Guidelines of Government of Ethiopia (GoE) and Amhara National Regional State
(ANRS) relevant and applicable to the project, with respect to compensation, land redistribution and rehabilitation.
Other literature included strategic plans and reports such as National Plans for Malaria, HIV/Aids, Implementation
Manual for Ribb River Fisheries Resource and Agriculture, Amhara regions strategic plans for livestock
development, etc. In addition, relevant details on Amhara region, Project woredas and kebeles were collected from
Bureau of Finance and Economic Development (BoFED), Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development (BoARD),
and Bureau of Environmental Protection and Land Administration and Use (BoEPLAU), Amhara Region and Office of
Environmental Protection and Land Administration and Use (OoEPLAU) of Farta and Ebinat Woredas (See
Annexure 1.1 for list of documents referred).
Stakeholder workshop: A Stakeholder Workshop was organized in July 2010 with a range of stakeholders that
included: representatives from the region, woredas, kebele administration and other stakeholders such as Churches
and Hospitals, etc. The purpose was to introduce the audience on the proposed scheme and the activities to be
carried out on all aspects of RAP preparation, such as asset inventory, legal provisions, social and gender
dimensions, engineering options, asset valuation and compensation process, etc. Attempt was made to elicit
concerns and suggestions of the participants for consideration in the RAP preparation (See Chapter 4 on
stakeholder consultations for details).
Literature review and the workshop enabled to devise instruments for survey and consultations.
2.2 Surveys Asset Inventory, Socio-economic survey and Preferences

Asset Inventory Survey stage: Survey works commenced in June 2010 and were completed in April 2011. A
topographic survey was conducted using Total Station equipment (LEICA TPS 1200) to demarcate the actual
boundaries of project impacts on the ground and subsequently to measure every parcel8. It helped to identify and
delineate the project zone. All parcels within the zone were measured and recorded and their owners/claimants or
PAPs were identified based on the landholding book. All counting of assets (structures, crops and trees situated on
land) and registration was carried out in the presence of the ad-hoc Committee and owner/claimant of the affected
property. The Asset survey and inventory team comprised Surveyors, Asset Valuation experts, committees members
of the affected woredas and kebeles. Asset Survey was carried out by using the Standard property registration and
valuation forms of the BoEPLAU, Amhara Region. Owing to various constraints resulting in delays, all the asset
inventory data was updated in October November 2012. The cut-off date9 as defined in the RPF, for Ribb reservoir
scheme shall be the last date of asset inventory survey i.e. November 21, 2012. The entitlement cut-off date refers
to the date when the assessment of PAPs and their assets is carried out. Thereafter, no new cases of affected
8level of accuracy is upto 2mm

9The establishment of a cut-off date is required to prevent opportunistic invasions/rush migration into the chosen land areas thereby posing a
major risk to the RAP implementation
people were/will be considered. (See Appendix 2.3 for i) Coordinates of all Parcels, ii) Areas of all parcels and iii)
Names of all Parties affected by the project.
Socio-economic survey: Socio-economic survey was carried out on a sample size 15% of the total PAHs. For this
purpose a representative random sample of households was chosen. A structured questionnaire was administered to
collect quantitative and qualitative information on demographic and socio-economic characteristics. Enumerators
including field coordinators from OoEPLAU closely supervised the survey. As Ayvaniva kebele had only four affected
households, the survey was carried out in other three affected kebeles. Upon completion, the survey data was
checked for consistency, cleaned and entered into SPSS (Ver. 16.0) for necessary processing. See Appendix 2.1
for Socio-Economic Survey Form.
FGDs and Consultations (community and institutional): Community consultations were carried by the Resettlement
Expert, Legal Expert, Valuation Expert and Socio-Economist/Gender Expert after prior intimation to the kebeles and
in the presence of officials of kebele administration. Further, consultations/meetings were held with relevant
government offices such as Woreda Health Office, Womens Affair Office, etc. and also non-governmental agencies
who could be potential RAP implementation partners (See Chapter 4 on Stakeholder Consultations for more
details).
PAP preference survey: As part of the participatory process adopted in RAP preparation, it was agreed with
Regional BoEPLAU and MoWE to survey and identify preferences of each Project Affected Household with respect
to their resettlement and rehabilitation. Following kebele level consultations and provision of training to the survey
coordinator10 and survey personnel, the survey was administered. The survey was started on October 18 and
completed on November 21, 2012. Emphasis was laid on contacting the head of the household for responses and if
unavailable, then a senior member of the household capable for providing informed response was approached. Data
from the survey was checked for errors and entered into a database. Following the survey in November 2012,
Woredas and the Regional BoEPLAU held separate meetings with communities between January and February
2013, to understand concerns and apprehensions over moving to the RIDP command area (Libo-kemkem and
Fogera) and further explain the pros and cons of their choices. These meetings also helped to reconfirm the survey
findings.
Assessment of Resettlement Sites: Resettlement sites required for PAPs who lost residential structures and
structure were identified with support from Debre Tabor Municipality (Farta Woreda), Woreda OoEPLAUs and Ebinat
Woreda Administration. These sites were assessed on criteria such as accessibility, size and location (in terms of
distance from original habitation), proximity to water, power, social service instititutions, etc.
Legal verification of PAPs and Disclosure events at Kebeles: The purpose of legal verification was to determine
eligibility of PAPs for entitlement. The process adopted was as follows:
Searching and matching the name of PAP between Asset inventory data (collected from field) to that of
landowners in the Master Book (OoEPLAU) as the Master Book contains all those PAPs with Rural Landholding
book and also those persons who are currently in the process of securing a book;
Recording the total landholding size (in Kada)7, of the PAP;
PAPs from census property data could only be verified through their respective landholding certificate number.
Where the census property data did not contain such number or a wrong number a remark was made stating
the same and the PAPs were listed as being Conditionally Eligible for entitlements. In many instances,
successful efforts were made to identify PAPs even when the census data contains no or a wrong certificate
number.
10 At Ebinat woreda, the coordinator of the survey team was a representative of the Woreda OoEPLAU
delivering the list of PAPs to each kebele through the Valuation committee;
subsequently the details were discussed at the Woreda OoEPLAU Office. Main points were:
the correct/legal name of the PAP vis--vis the Master Book, the Rural Landholding Book, the
computer data base and/or the field list held by the Consultant ;
the process & status with respect to the issuance of Rural Landholding Book to the PAP or to his/ her
legal successor, if any and
the reason why the Rural Landholding Book had not been issued to the PAP or his/her legal successor, if
any, or otherwise;
the properties of the landless (i.e. those who are a family member to the land holders having hidden share
in their family and thus they are expected to get land by gift or inheritance from their family) on the land;
and
the factual background on which the landless were allowed to put/construct some properties on such
land that legally belong to some other person/PAP.
As often there were cases where names the PAP taken from the field & the name of the said PAP in the
Master Book did not tally with each other, the property data was taken to the respective kebeles for disclosure
of the same to affected persons. Each discrepancy was clarified during the kebele level disclosure in presence
of the affected PAP (present along with his land holding book), kebele officials and Valuation committee
officials, including its Chairman. Each affected person was requested to present his rural landholding book
and details were verified on the spot by the Valuation committee members. As this routine procedure is
accepted by all concerned, following this exercise the entire list of affected persons was categorized the into
eligible and, conditionally eligible persons. The exercise provided an opportunity to clarify issues regarding
inheritance, compensaation, etc. to the PAPs. The activity took between 2 - 5 days to complete in each
kebele11 (see photo 2.1 of the verification process during public disclosure). These events were repeated on
multiple occassions to reconfirm the findings in case the need arose.
Photo 2.1 Verification of rural landholding book during disclosure process at Amisteya kebele
Income restoration schemes: In light of the need for rehabilitation of impacted livelihoods and need for income
restoration measures details on various agriculture and livestock extension and non-farm packages were collected
and reviewed and discussions were held with: i) Amhara Livestock agency; ii) Farta Agricultural extension office; iii)
Debre Tabor municipality; iv) Farta Microenterprise office; v) Ebinat Trade and Industry office and vi) Potential
partner NGOs to assess the current available expertise on this critical aspect.
11 The disclosure process at Farta woreda was supervised for one day by a representative of the Regional BoEPLAU
2.3 Draft report preparation

The stage involved the major task of cadastral mapping of the project affected zone; compilation and analysis of
relevant data; computation of compensation and finally preparation of RAP. These are described below (See
Chapter 5 for details)
Cadastral mapping is required to provide information on physical characteristics of land parcels within the project
area. These maps contain important graphical information on actual location, size and shape of each plot of
landholding of farmers or the public within the project area. As cadastral mapping had not been done of the project
zone, Cadastral maps required for Ribb reservoir scheme were completely generated from intensive ground
surveying technique. The work involved five teams of SMECs experienced surveyors using high precision surveying
instruments. The survey teams fully followed the benchmarks established and project boundaries demarcated by the
designing consultant (Water Works Design and Supervision Enterprise).
The physical information (plot dimension, etc) of each distinct plot of land was collected from the survey task and
originally encoded into AutoCAD software during the field work, while the attribute information (owner, measured
area, code, etc.) of such plots were separately recorded in Excel software. The data ultimately transferred to GIS
software for data quality assurance and further integration with other details of each plot produced by other experts.
ArcGIS software (Ver. 9.3) was used to identify and clean-up errors and encoding works to deliver quality data.
Compensation Valuation: The asset valuation process comprised computation of the compensation payable to each
PAP based on unit rates applied to affected assets. Farta and Ebinat woreda administrations mobilized the Valuation
committees at two affected woredas. As the Amhara region had new directives Regional Directive No. 5/2011 to
implement the provisions of Regional Proclamation 133/2006 and Regulation No. 51/2007, a valuation training
session12 was conducted for the woreda administrators, members and chairman of the valuation. The purpose was
to: provide training on back ground for valuation and legal documents/proclamation, regulation, and directive in
summary; provide clarifications on issues vide a question and answer sessions. The session concluded with
provision of practical examples/exercise on computation of assets and with a group discussion. The training session
was conducted over two days on May 10 and 11, 2011 at Debretabor town, Farta Woreda.
Provisions of Proclamation No. 455/2005 formed the basis for the assumptions, calculations and the overall process
of valuation. Hence the Replacement Cost Method of Valuation13 formed the basis of valuation. In this method the
value of an asset/property is determined by reference to the cost of replacing or reinstating the asset (as new) or that
of its substitute.
A list of prices was obtained from government offices; 1) the prices of annual crops were obtained from the Woreda
Trade and Industry Office which carries out a market survey on a weekly basis, 2) the prices for perennial crops,
Eucalyptus tree, and Natural tree was obtained from Woreda Agriculture Office, and 3) prices for structures was
estimated by Woreda (municipality) Engineer. Through this method the actual market values of the various types of
assets/properties considered for compensation was established, and a unit rate for valuation and compensation was
established. Compensation amounts were worked out based on these rates. The asset valuation excercise took
place from early May to late July 2011 initially but subsequently were revised in March, 2013 based on new rates.
Results were incorporated in a payment schedule, providing the principal sources of information on the number and
location of affected properties, number of the affected households, name of the asset owner/landholder, type of land,
crop, number of trees and structures; and compensation amount payable. The compensation document for the Ribb
Reservoir was signed by the Woreda Compensation Valuation Committee; submitted to respective Woreda Cabinet
12 The training was given by representative of the Regional BoEPLAU and sponsored by the RAP consultants Messrs. SMEC
13 Also referred to as the Contractors Test Method of Valuation.
for approval. Once approved the document was reviewed for accuracy and rates by Regional BoEPLAU, prior to
approval and onward submission to MoWE for effecting compensation payment.
Analysis and report writing: Data from Socio-economic survey, Household Demographic survey, were analyzed
using SPSS14 (version 16.0). Preference Survey details were analyzed using MS-Excel 2010 software. Also the
recorded discussions with stakeholders were appropriately documented for usage in the report.
14 Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
CHAPTER 3 PROFILE OF THE PROJECT AREA
The chapter presents profile of the Amhara Region and Woreda, demographic characteristics of the impacted
population, socio-economic survey findings and also details on ongoing government programs.
3.1 Profile of the Region, Zone and Woredas

Table 3.1 below presents details in terms of area, density, population for the affected Woredas, Zone and Region.
While Farta woreda is smaller than Ebinat Woreda in size, Farta Woreda is more densely populated with 228.4
persons per sq.km. As can been seen from the Table, male and female population is fairly even when compared
between the two Woredas, and with zone and the overall region.
Table 3.1 Area, Density and Population of affected Woredas, Zone and Region
Name of Woreda/Region Area (in sq.km) Density Population
Male Female Total
Ebinat Woreda 2481.15 96.3 121,610 117,304 238,914
Farta Woreda 1099.25 228.4 128,139 122,908 251,047
South Gondar Zone 14095.19 158.9 1,135,587 1,103,490 2,239,077
Amhara Region 154708.96 121.9 9,461,005 9,404,997 18,866,002
Source: Statistical Abstract, Central Statistical Agency, FDRE, July 2012
Population by Religion: 82.5% of the population are Orthodox Christians (82.5%) followed by Muslims (17.2%).
Land use: Also the largest proportion of areas in both woredas is covered by cultivatable land at 60% and 52% of the
total area in Farta and Ebinat woredas respectively. Though land is most important resource for agricultural
production, studies indicate that land is becoming scarce due to an increase in population. According to Central
Statistical Agency (CSA), the average land area per household in the region is 1.3 hectare (Amhara BoFED, 2007).
Livelihood and land use: Rural population is primarily dependent on agriculture for livelihood. In Amhara region,
about 89 percent of the population resides in rural areas and thus the majority of the population depends on
agriculture mostly on mixed farming (crop production and animal rearing) for its livelihood and on average it accounts
for 61.7% of the regional GDP.
Agriculture has remained unchanged and is largely rainfed. Agriculture is still the mainstay of the population and
most of the available land is used for crop and livestock production, a mix of which characterizes the agricultural
system in the woredas. The woredas are marked by diverse agro-ecology allowing for the production of both annual
and perennial crops during the belg-meher and meher production seasons. As to the irrigation, the traditional
systems are also significantly practiced in the woredas, especially by using diversions from small rivers. Traditional
crop production system dominated by rainfed agriculture, is common in the country as a whole including the
command area. Although the command area woredas have on their south side border the Lake Tana area, which is
known for its fertile sediments of alluvial soils with abundant moisture sources, agricultural productivity and
production (both crops and livestock) are low due to widespread use of traditional farming practices, full dependence
on unpredictable rainfall, limited use of modern inputs, and low level of physical and human resources development.
Participants in the community discussions indicated that a appreciable number of farmers use water pumps on for
irrigation, draw down cultivation from Ribb river and also water points such as Hand dug well. The products are used
predominantly for subsistence household consumption.
The people in the target kebeles earn a livelihoods from farming, including both crop and livestock production. The
traditional mixed farming system is practiced with crop production and animal husbandry complementary each other.
Although the values attached to livestock ownership and use among the community in each kebele is high, crop
production is considered more important.. According to the information from the woredas Agriculture and Rural
Development Office as well based on interactions with communities, the major part of the cultivated land was
covered by cereals such as rice, teff, wheat, maize, finger millet and sorghum while the remaining 20% was used for
the production of pulses, oil seeds and vegetables in small quantities.
Livestock Production: Livestock rearing is another important source of livelihood for the majority of the country
including the PCA. Livestock production as a source of livelihood for the target communities takes second place after
crop production. All types of livestock, except camels, are present in the area. The Amhara region has approximately
one third of the countrys total cattle, sheep and goat population. Cattle have the largest share followed by sheep and
goats among the livestock population. Its mainly because cattle have the highest contribution in terms of the traction
power for cultivation as well as producing milk, meat, fertilizer and energy. Moreover, due to the wider importance of
cattle, farmers in crop-livestock production system are more inclined to increase numbers of their cattle (ANRS
Investment Office, 2007).
3.2 Profile of the Impacted Kebeles

Socio-economic characteristics religion, occupation, educational, marital and physical status of the affected kebeles
are given below.
Population of the affected kebeles: Amisteya is biggest kebele in terms of population. The break-up in terms of male
and females is fairly similar in all three kebeles. See Table 3.2 below.
Table 3.2 Population by sex in each affected kebeles
No. of Households Males Females Total
Amesteya 1462 3279 3130 6409
Jara Shikra 1127 2605 2487 5092
Medeb Gubda 1212 2768 2581 5349
Ayvaniva 968 2277 2148 4422
Source: Central Statistical Agency, FDRE, July 2012
Social Services and Infrastructure: The existing social service institutions and infrastructural facilities is given in
Table 3.3 below:
Table 3.3: Social Services and Infrastructures in the project affected kebeles (Nos.)
Type of social Services Amesteya Medebgubda Jara Shikra Ayvaniva
1.Educational Institution
Primary 3 4 4 2
Secondary School
2. Health
Health post 1 1 1 1
Health center - 1 - -
Clinic - - - -
3. Water points
Hand dug well 4 23 7 3
4. Religious institution
Churches 7 4 3 5
Mosques 1 1 -
5. Legal
Police office 1 1 1 1
Social court 1 1 1 1
Kebele security office 1 1
6. Cooperative office 1 1 - -
7. Farmers training and agriculture office 1 1 1 1
Source: BoARD, Ebinat and Farta Woredas
Educational institutions: There are no high schools in any of the Kebeles. From the elementary schools mentioned,
one is alternative basic education center in Amesteya, two are satellite schools and one is alternative basic education
center in Jarashikra. Likewise, in Medebgubda two schools are satellite schools.
Health institutions: Amisteya, Ayvaniva and Jara Shikra have one health post each, while Medebgubda kebele has
one health post and health center. There are no hospitals in any of these kebeles.
Religious institutions: Amisteya has seven churches and one Mosque, Medebgubda has four churches and one
mosque, and Jara Shikra has three churches.
Legal Institutions: All the kebeles have one police officer and one social court.
Other social services: Amesteya and Medebgubda both have cooperative Office and all have kebele offices and a
market place.
3.3 Demographic Profile of Project Affected Households

Distribution of affected population by religion, gender, age, occupation and disability is provided below.
Religion: 98.97% PAHs follow Christianity, while Muslims constitute less than 1% of the total affected population (See
Table 3.4).
Table 3.4 Affected population by Religion (%)
Religion All affected persons (%)
Christian 98.97
Muslim 0.82
Others 0.21
Total 100.00
Source: SMEC Demographic profile, 2011
Distribution of PAPs by gender & age: As can be seen from the Table 3.5 below, highest percentage (44.79%) lies
in the age category of less than 15 years. Only about 1.85% of the total affected population is above 65 years.
Table 3.5 Distribution of PAPs by Gender & Age (%)
Gender Total
Age Group Male Female
% % %
<=15 44.04 45.58 44.79
16-25 24.17 24.68 24.42
26-35 12.55 14.51 13.50
36-45 9.03 7.69 8.38
46-55 5.00 3.51 4.28
56-65 2.96 2.60 2.79
>65 2.26 1.42 1.85
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

Source: SMEC Socio-economic Survey, 2011
Educational status: Educational status was counted for only age group of 7 years and above. Literacy is very low as
54.96% of the total affected population is illiterate. There is greater illiteracy (60.78%) amongst female population.
Only about 1.45% of affected population is educated upto Grade 11 and above.
Table 3.6 Distribution of PAPs by Educational Status & Gender

Education Level Gender Total
Male (%) Female (%)
Illiterate 49.56 60.78 54.96
Read and Write 5.90 3.20 4.60
Less than Grade 1 1.57 1.22 1.41
14 19.54 16.90 18.27
58 15.30 12.10 13.76
9 10 6.42 4.61 5.55
11 12 0.87 0.80 0.84
Above Grade 12 0.83 0.38 0.61
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
Occupational status: 85.48% of the total population reported to be employed.

Table 3.7 Employment Status of PAPs (Age 10 and Above)
Employment Status Response (%)
Employed 85.48
Unemployed 14.52
Total 100.00
94.89% of the household heads reported their primary occupation to be agriculture (See Table 3.8). Daily labour,
Weaving, Blacksmith and Petty trading are other occupations practiced thereby indicating the poor socio-economic
status of the area.
Table 3.8 Distribution of Head of households by primary occupation

Primary Occupation Response (%)
Unemployed 3.80
Agriculture 94.89
Weaving 0.30
Blacksmith 0.10
Carpet Making 0.10
Poultry 0.10
Petty Trading 0.20
Daily Labour 0.50
Total 100.00
Health status: 99.03% of the surveyed households reported to be healthy, while 0.97% reported to be suffering from
some kind of mental or physical disability (See Table 3.9).
Table 3.9 Physical status of the affected population

Physical Condition %
Able-bodied 99.03%
Disabled 0.97%
Total 100.00%
As seen in Table 3.10 below, 43.14% of those disabled persons suffer from mental disability while the rest reported
physical disability.
Table 3.10 Disability reported by type
Disability %
Mental 43.14%
Physical 56.86%
Total 100.00%
3.4 Socio-Economic Survey of Project Affected Households

The socio-economic survey was conducted in May 2011 on 153 randomly project affected households of the total
1091 households affected by the reservoir. As only four households were affected in Ayvaniva, these households
were selected only from Medebgubda, Jarashikra and Amisteya. The sample size was deemed to be sufficient as the
population is fairly homogeneous in terms of their living standards and characteristics and included households that
belonged to general and vulnerable categories. It covered a whole range of topics such as participation in social
organizations, livelihood, water availability and sanitation, access to social service institutions, roads and markets,
participation in key government programs, etc. Details are presented below along with Tables (for other tables
Appendix 3.1 in CD).
Social Organizations/NGOs: Cooperative organizations and CBOs have different purpose; they focus on
irrigation/water use, honey production, livestock production, diary production, credit and savings and consumers
cooperatives. Of the surveyed households, many households indicated membership to be members of the
community based and cooperative organizations15. The organizations especially the CBOs like Iddirs provide social
and economic support at a time of crisis (See Table 3.11).
Table 3.11 Percentage of respondents by type of Membership in CBOs and Cooperative Societies
CBOs/Coop Idir Iqub16 Cooperative Informal Labor Other Total
Kebele Society Exchange Group
Amisteya 44.44 17.46 30.95 6.35 0.79 100.00
Jara Shikra 47.47 5.05 11.11 36.36 100.00
Medeb Gubda 60.26 7.69 19.23 12.82 100.00
15Source: ANRS Investment Office, 2007

16 Iddirs are a kind of social as well as a financial institution whereby members help each other. Previously it was only meant for providing
support at the time of events such as funeral and wedding by helping to cover some costs of the funeral/wedding and providing labor
assistance too i.e. a traditional insurance program to meet emergency situations. Now Iddirs are also providing saving and credit services.
Iqub: is kind of informal saving and credit institution (Rotational credit). Members of the Iqub pay a certain amount of money every week or
every month depending on their agreement and each member take or borrow the money by turn i.e. the fund revolves among the members. It
has a benefit of getting a large sum amount of money at a time. For instance if one person take the contributed money this week, next week will
be the other members turn turn is determined by lottery.
Majority of those who are members of community based and cooperative organizations reported membership of Iddir
followed by cooperative society. Main reasons are: its accessibility and its multipurpose nature i.e. it provides
services given by cooperative societies as well as financial institutions. Inability to fulfill the financial obligations was
the major reason reported by those respondents who are not a member of any of the social organizations.
NGOs working in the Project areas: Non-governmental organization (NGOs) like Care Ethiopia, Concern Ethiopia,
and CVM work on different development interventions like water and sanitation programs, HIV/AIDS prevention and
Emergency Relief in the area. 56% of the total respondents reported that they have awareness about the NGOs
whereas the rest reported to have no information.
Access to Social Services: Responses to questions regarding availability, accessibility of health institutions,
prevalent diseases, awareness regarding HIV/Aids, level of schools available, access to schooling, constraints, etc.,
are presented below:
Health institutions: 54.6% reported distance of a health post to be less than one km, while 67.7 % of the respondents
reported the distance to be more than 4km. 94% and 96% of the respondents reported that hospital in the woreda,
clinic in the Woreda and pharmacies in the Woreda to be more than four kilometers away.
Major Health Problems in the Family: 50% of the surveyed households reported that malaria is the major health
problem in their family and 15% reported diarrhea. The rest reported intestinal, skin, eye, and ear and TB infections.
Woreda health office provided data that indicated that 19,429 cases of malaria were reported in Ebinat while 20, 836
malaria cases were reported in Farta in 2009-2010 (Ethiopian year 2002). Regarding the preventive measures
against HIV/AIDS, 62.58% of the respondents reported limiting to monogamous sex, 14.19% prohibition from
unprotected sex, only 0.65 % reported use of condom and 22.58 % reported all. Likewise, regarding preventive
measures about malaria, about 50.80 % of the respondents reported using mosquito net, 26.40% reported chemical
spray and 22.4 % draining marshy places. Table 3.12 below shows the awareness of the people in the project area
about HIV/AIDS and Malaria. 79.35% of the participants are aware about HIV/AIDS and 92.26 % are aware about
Malaria.
Table 3.12 Awareness of HIV/AIDS and Malaria in the area (%)

Kebele HIV/AIDS Malaria
Amisteya 82.76 93.10
Jara Shikra 55.10 97.96
Medeb Gubda 100.00 85.42
Total 79.35 92.26
Schooling facilities: 63.6% of the surveyed households stated it takes from 1-2 hours, one way to preschool, while
36% reported less than one hour. The highest proportion of the respondents 54.55% reported that it takes less than
an hour to reach to the lower primary school in the project. There are no technical schools, preparatory schools and
secondary schools in the project area. Students above the primary school level attend their education in the Woreda.
30.77% of school aged children are not attending school. The main reasons reported for not attending school are the
schools far distance (19.69%); the child supports the family (19.9%); 14.9 financial constraints for school materials
and food and 8.6 % early marriage. Few also reported behavioral problem and change of residence.
Vetinerary services: Veterinary services in the area are crucial as diseases to animal are serious, as they are the
major sources of power, food as well as market. Commonly provided veterinary services in the area are cattle and
sheep/ goat vaccinations at 36% and 23 % respectively. 19% reported availability of treatment of cattle for internal
and external parasites. Few also reported artificial insemination (2.4%) and castration (5.4%).
Credit Services: Farmers need credit facilities for different purposes such as to buy fertilizers, seed, livestock
production, household consumption, children education etc. Amhara Saving and Credit Institution, the Credit and
Micro-finance Offices in the Woreda, the cooperatives and Iddirs provide credit facilities for the farmers. Interest rates
vary from 12.5% for cooperatives to 18% for Amhara Saving and Credit Institution17. 25.7% of the total participants
reported that they have received credit services during the past year. 30.61% borrowed for agricultural input, 22.45%
to purchase livestock, 18.37% for household consumption and again 18.37% for business activities. The remaining
8.16 % households reported that they borrowed to settle another credit. 35.71% borrowed from Micro-finance
institutions, while 33.33% borrowed from traditional institutions.
Water and Sanitation, Energy and Transportation: Main source of water is the river and hand dug wells
constructed by the government and NGOs. Table 3.13 below shows the source of water supply for the household
consumptions in the project affected area.
Table 3.13 Sources of drinking water (%)

Sources River Hand-dug Pond Non-protected Protected Deep Piped Total
Kebele well Spring spring Wells Water
Amisteya 55.00 28.33 11.67 3.33 1.67 100.00
Jara Shikra 57.58 10.61 6.06 13.64 3.03 1.52 7.58 100.00
Medeb Gubda 25.71 18.57 1.43 8.57 40.00 1.43 4.29 100.00
Total 45.41 18.88 2.55 11.22 16.33 1.02 4.59 100.00
As seen in the table above, except in Medeb Gubda, the majority of the respondents in Jara Shikra (57.58 %) and
Amesteya (55 %) reported that their major source of water is river. In Medeb Gubda, the major source of water is
protected spring followed by river. Hand-dug well and non protected springs are also used as a source of water.
Daily water consumption: Fetching water is the responsibility of female; 94% of the respondents reported that
responsibility lies with the females in the household. 52.34 % of the households consume 2-3 Ensira18 of water daily,
while 44.53% proportion of households consume more than 3 Ensira.
Distance of water points from the main households: Clean water is one of their problems in their area. They reported
that even if there are water points in each kebeles and sub kebeles, some do not work most of the times. In the
survey, highest proportion of participants in Jara Shikra and Amesteya kebele reported Ribb River as their major
source of water.
Table 3.14 Distance to different water sources by km (%)

Distance Less than 1 km 1 2 km 2 3 km Above 3 km Total
Response
Distance to Protected Well/Spring 62.00 30.00 4.00 4.00 100.00
Distance to Unprotected Well/Spring 66.13 22.58 6.45 4.84 100.00
Distance to River/Lake/Pond 49.12 28.95 9.65 12.28 100.00
Distance to other Water Sources 43.48 43.48 0.00 13.04 100.00
17 Source: ANRS ARARI, 2007

18 Though quantity varies according to the container, on an average, one Ensira equals to 20 litre.
Energy source and usage: Wood (35.86%) and animal residue (37.9%) is the most commonly used type of energy.
Other sources include charcoal, crop residue and kerosene.
Transport and Commuting: Kebeles are hardly accessible while this situation is largely aggravated during the rainy
season and there is no public transport from the aforementioned kebeles to the market centre. As a result people of
the area use back animals and carry by themselves to sell their products and to transport purchased agricultural
inputs and other items from and to the market. 73% of the households have own transportation means and 72% of
the households use pack animals to take agricultural products to markets. 23.85% of the households indicated
Animal driven carts as another means of transportation.
Livelihood and Agriculture: Crop production and animal rearing are main activities for rural population with
agriculture being major means of income for the surveyed population. Farmers use supplementary irrigation and rain
but the majority reported that they use rain fed agriculture. Table 3.15 below shows the major crops growing under
the supplementary irrigation.
Table 3.15 Major crops grown under supplementary irrigation (%)

Crop Type Horticultural Crops Cereal Crops Oil Seeds Pulses Perennials Other Total
Kebele
Amisteya 80.00 20.00 100.00
Jara Shikra 57.69 30.77 7.69 3.85 100.00
Medeb Gubda 42.86 35.71 14.29 7.14 100.00
Total 60.00 29.09 3.64 3.64 1.82 1.82 100.00
The major crops growing under rain fed cultivation are cereal crops and oil seeds which constitutes 46.65% and
30.35 % of the total products. Table 3.16 below shows major crops growing under rain fed agriculture.
Table 3.16 Major crops grown under Rain fed irrigation (%)
Crop Type Horticultural Crops Cereal Crops Oil Seeds Pulses Perennials Total
Kebele
Amisteya 0.78 43.75 26.56 28.13 0.78 100.00
Jara Shikra 14.42 45.19 29.81 5.77 4.81 100.00
Medeb Gubda 9.88 53.09 37.04 100.00
Total 7.67 46.65 30.35 13.42 1.92 100.00
In the study, around 87.6% reported that they have land holding certificate and the rest 10 % didnt mention.
Constraints to agriculture: The most commonly reported constraints of agricultural production are animal diseases
(21.02%), other constraints like supply of improved seeds (15.02%) and money or credit facilities (14.11%); supply of
fertilizer 13.81 % are also reported. Existence of road and markets, shortage of veterinary services, lack of
knowledge and shortage of water are also mentioned as constraints to agriculture.
Housing, Livestock shade and Storage Facility: Responses to questions relating to housing, livestock shade and
storage facilities are presented below:
Area of houses: 37.9% indicated size of their houses to be a maximum of 10 meter square. Only 11.1 % of those
have constructed their houses on areas above 40 meter square. 153 households that reported they do have own
residential houses, 43% of the respondents reported that they have two rooms.
Type of material used for roof, wall and floor: 56.86% of the households have covered the roof of their houses by
corrugated iron sheet. 96.62% of the households indicated walls of houses constructed of wood and mud.
Average expenditure of the surveyed households is ETB 26,839. Child education, household consumption,
agricultural inputs and holiday and other festivals are among others the major expenses reported by farmers in the
socioeconomic survey.
Enrollment/participation in on-going government programs: Discussions with Ebinat and Farta Woreda
administrations indicated that while farmer trainings have been conducted in these kebeles. PSNP a major food
security program has been operational mainly in kebeles of Ebinat woreda. 26.68% of the respondent households in
Amisteya kebele indicated having benefitted from PSNP, while overall the figure was 9.91%. In terms of farmer
trainings, 70.22% of the households in Medebgubda kebele indicated having received some or other kind of training,
while overall the percentage figure is 37.99%. However, a high percentage of respondents (51.98%) indicated that
they were not enrolled/not participated in any on-going government program.
Table 3.17 Percentage of PAHs indicating enrolment in ongoing government programs by program (%)
Programs Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) Farmer trainings None Other Total
Kebele
Amisteya 26.68 15.28 58.03 0.00 100.00

Jara Shikra 1.66 28.48 69.54 0.33 100.00
Medeb Gubda 1.40 70.22 28.37 0.00 100.00
Average 10.82 37.84 51.25 0.10 100.00
49.3 % of the total respondents were enrolled in the government program. Of these, 42.58% of the respondents were
enrolled in farmers training programs where as only 6.45% in the Amesteya kebele were enrolled in food security
program.
Table 3.18 Usefulness of government programs indicated by Respondents
Responses %
Unable to describe 50.00
Increased Agricultural Productivity 24.36
Increased Social Security 5.13
Upgraded our Skills 20.51
Total 100.00
24.36% reported that it increased their agricultural productivity, while 20.51% of the respondents stated that it has
upgraded their skills, while 5.13% reported that the program increased their social security. On the other hand 50%
were unable to describe the usefulness of the program.
Major Problems in the Reservoir Area: Different problems in the area were reported by the respondents and these
included a) Poor roads, b) lack of market place; c) prevalence of malaria; d) Poor water supply. The major problem
of the area as 32.30% of the respondents indicated that malaria is the main problem. According to the information
obtained from the Woreda Health Offices, the project areas are among the highest malaria breed areas identified by
the office.
3.5 Baseline status of Project Affected Households

Of the total PAHs, baseline information19 was collected for 747 households in Amisteya (286), Jarashikra (139) and
Medebgubda (323). See Appendix 3.2 for details of each household in CD.
Source of income: 97.99% of the PAPs (Household heads) in the three kebeles reported of agriculture as the main
source of income. The remaining PAPs were either were practicing petty trade, followed by employment and non-
farm labor.
Average Annual income: ETB 33584.06 was the average annual income across the surveyed households that
agreed to state their incomes. While the average annual income reported in Amisteya was the lowest at ETB
22188.53 followed by ETB 38611.44 in Jara Shikra, whereas the highest income was reported at ETB 41518.37 in
Medebgubda. About 26 households indicated did not/could not indicate their incomes.
Enrollment in government programs: In terms of enrolment in government programs or receiving any farmer trainings:
60.37% (195 PAHs) in Medebgubda reported of receiving farmer trainings, while in Jarashikra only 31.88% (44)
reported of such trainings. Amisteya was the reported the lowest at 14.68% (42). 25.87% of the PAHs in Amisteya
reported of enrolment in PSNP indicative of Ebinat Woreda as target woreda under the PSNP. The enrolment
percentage was between 1% and 2% for other kebeles.
Possession of other skills: In terms of possession of skills other farming, nearly one fifth (19.41%) reported of Petty
Trade as other skill or knowledge they had. A total of 12.58% of PAHs reported of other skills such as Weaving,
spinning, Tannery, Carpentry, Masonry, Blacksmith, etc. indicating the low level of other skills.
Livestock Holding: 91.03% of the total indicated possession of livestock mainly cattle, goat and sheep. Few indicated
donkeys as well.
Management of livestock with lesser resources: PAPs opined that in light of lesser land, they indicated that they
might take another land or use communal grazing land or they might reduce by selling or giving away their holdings.
3.6 Major on-going Government Development Programs/Projects/Plans in the Project Area

Major plans, projects and government programs in the area are presented below.
National Strategic Plan for Malaria Prevention, Control and Elimination in Ethiopia (2010-2015): The specific
goals of the NSP are: by 2015, achieve malaria elimination within specific geographical areas with historically low
malaria transmission and achieve near zero malaria transmission in the remaining malarious areas of the country.
The NSP provides a detailed account on the status and direction of the major malaria prevention and control
strategies that include community empowerment and mobilization, early diagnosis and treatment, selective vector
control, surveillance and epidemic control, as well as supporting strategies that include Monitoring and Evaluation,
human resources development and operational research. It has five components Component 1: Community
Empowerment and Mobilization: Community empowerment and mobilization are central to malaria prevention and
control. Ethiopias Health Extension Program educates, mobilizes and involves the community in all aspects and
stages of malaria control and leads to increased ownership of the program. The objectives of component 1 are: 1)
100% of people living in malarious areas recognize the importance of using an LLIN, having their house sprayed,
implementing environmental control interventions where appropriate and seeking treatment within 24 hours of fever
onset for the prevent ion of malaria and 2) 100% of health posts in malarious Kebeles provide the full health
extension package including outreach services, social communication and mobilization and model family households.
Component 2: Diagnosis and Case Management: To improve the quality of malaria diagnosis and treatment at
19 Details were collected in May 2011 as part of the first preference survey and shall be updated during RAP implementation.
peripheral health facilities (health posts) pan specific RDTs are now being introduced. HEWs will be trained on the
use of multi-species RDTs in the integrated refresher training (IRT). Component 3: Prevention: The main major
vector control activities implemented in the country include IRS, LLINs and environmental control. The objective of
this component is to ensure that 100% of households in malarious areas own one LLIN per sleeping space, and that
at least 80% of people at risk of malaria use LLINs. Component 4: Active Surveillance and Epidemic Control: The
national emphasis on further reducing transmission will rely on the existing prevent ion coverage and additionally
focus on surveillance the process of finding of individual human cases, treating and performing case investigation
to identify the source and possible spread, with the aim of preventing any further malaria transmission. Therefore,
this NSP aims to achieve a high quality, broadly based malaria infect ion detect ion, investigation and response
Surveillance System to further reduce malaria transmission and improve the detection and timely response to
malaria epidemics. Component 5: Health system strengthening and capacity building: Monitoring and Evaluation
activities, described in the Malaria Program M&E Plan, will measure program effectiveness. The M&E system will be
used to demonstrate that the Malaria Program efforts have had measurable sustained impacts on the outcomes of
interest. Monitoring will entail the routine tracking of the key elements of program performance.
The project area with the formation of reservoir i.e. a large body of water is likely to be breeding ground for vector
borne diseases.
Tana Beles Hydroelectric Project is a run-of-the-river hydroelectric power plant near Lake Tana. The plant receives
water from the lake and after utilizing it to produce electricity the water is then discharged into the Beles River. The
plant will have an installed capacity of 460 MW and when fully operational and will be the largest power plant in the
country. It is also expected to help provide water for the irrigation of 140,000 ha (350,000 acres).
Food security program was developed based on the National Food Security strategy that was formulated at the
Federal level and subsequently implemented at the region level for the drought prone woredas. It was devised based
on analysis of previous three years of regional production data; number of population dependent upon relief since
1993, food balance situation of all woredas, population carrying capacity and future scenario. The long term goal of
FSP was food security for the chronic and transitorily food insecure households in Ethiopia achieved. It had three
major interventions in its first phase Productive Safety Net programs, Resettlement Programs and other food
programs. Together the following programmes aim to move people in chronically food insecure woredas towards a
position of food security in the following manner. Ebinat Woreda is a target Woreda under the program.
The Productive Safety Net Programme provides a safety net for chronically food insecure households and also
non-chronic households. Through the public works infrastructure built it contributes to a local enabling environment
for community development. The Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) focuses on: chronically food insecure
woredas; on food insecure households primarily chronically food insecure households but also those who are
transitory; aims to assure food consumption, so that chronically food insecure people have enough food to eat
throughout the year; aims to prevent asset depletion, so that food insecure households do not have to lose their
assets in order to provide food for themselves. It aims to address underlying causes of food insecurity by
rehabilitating the natural resources base; and to have a positive impact by stimulating markets and injecting cash into
rural economies.
Agricultural Extension Program: The aim of the extension program is to increase the agricultural production by
increasing the use of modern agricultural inputs, credit facilities and technical assistance. The program provides
technical assistance to farmers by the agricultural extension workers who are selected form the village and high
school graduates with 3 to 9 months special training on agricultural activities, conservation and other areas related to
agricultural production.
Overall achievements/Assessment: The overall achievements and assessment20 are based on the secondary
data collected from the two offices in the region i) Disaster Prevention and Food Security Office and ii) Safety Net
20the achievement and constraints listed are based on data obtained from evaluation studies carried out across the target woredas and are not
specific to project affected woredas/kebeles
Program Coordination Office at Bahir Dar. Some of the key achievements are: i) access to various important socio-
economic infrastructures such as water facilities, schools, human health and veterinary institutions, local markets,
credit sources, feeder roads and means of transport; ii) Average annual income and food availability have been
improved after the interventions; iii) Food Consumption Assured; iv) Food Gap Months Reduced; v) Access to
drinking water improved; vi) More Children sent to schools, and students Drop-out Decreased; vii) Access to
education and of Health Facilities Increased; viii) Access to rural credit improved; and ix) Women participation
increased.
Further Central Statistical Agency of Government of Ethiopia too conducted a welfare Monitoring survey and periodic
surveys that revealed the poverty situation in Amhara and the number of population living under poverty line came
down from 54.3% in 1996 to 30.5% in 2004.
Constraints and challenges faced in these programs include the following: Weak inter-sectoral linkage and
integration; a timely, Information-rich and consistent performance report & feedback; iii) Capacity building: Trainings
and materials need assessment in relation to PSNP HABP; iv) Proper implementation of HABP Shortage of budget
released; v) Food market inflation, which became a challenge for cash-receiving participants; vi) Lack of full
awareness on graduation benchmark, especially at grassroots level; vii) Dependency (not trying to create assets and
seeking to stay in PSNP)
Of the two impacted Woredas, PSNP is operational in Ebinat woreda, while agricultural extension/farmer trainings
are recorded in Farta Woreda.
CHAPTER 4 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS
Consultation refers to the two-way transfer of information between project authority and the community in concern. It
helps to build a rapport with the community and to provide details on aspects that planners may not always foresee.
It facilitates to more accurately assess impacts tangible and non-tangible, vulnerability of project affected persons
and provides solutions that would have broad acceptance of the community. Besides, such consultations helps allay
fears and builds trust from the planning stage that will eventually be crucial aspect in successful implementation of
RAP. Crucially, it helps to identify potential initiatives that can be developed to restore and rehabilitate their livelihood
to pre-project status.
Public consultation is a critical & an imperative part of the resettlement & rehabilitation process. According to Article
43(2), of the federal & regional Constitutions, nationals/the residents of the regional state, respectively, have the right
to participate in national development and, in particular, to be consulted with respect to policies and projects affecting
their community. Moreover, according to Articles 35(6) & Article 35(9) of the federal & regional Constitutions
respectively, women have the right to full consultation in the formulation of national development policies, the
designing & execution of projects, and particularly in the case of projects affecting the interests of women.
This chapter presents a summary of the consultations with various stakeholders (See Appendix 4.1 and 4.3 for a list
of stakeholders and details of consultations). Further an assessment of existing NGOs who could be potential
stakeholders (partner agencies) is presented under the section on Income Restoration, Chapter 8.
4.1 Project Stakeholders

Relevant stakeholders are:
Project Affected Persons and communities

Host communities at resettlement site locations
National level: NPCO, MoWE
Regional level: RPCO, Amhara National Regional State (ANRS) Office, and ARARI; and BoEPLAU, BoWRD,
BoARD, and the Bureau of Women Affairs (BoWA).
Zonal level: South Gondar Zone Administration
Woreda level (Ebinat and Farta Woredas): Woreda administrators office; Womens affairs office; OoEPLAU;
Health office, and Micro and Small scale enterprise; Capacity Building Office, Committees involved in Asset
Inventory Survey and Compensation Valuation committees,
Kebele level: Kebele administration and
International and national NGOs working in the area
4.2 Stakeholder Workshops

Two Stakeholder workshops were organized with a range of stakeholders, at Addis Zemen and Woreta towns on July
18th and 20th 2010. 173 persons including representatives from Fogera, Ebinat and Farta Woredas, Amhara Region,
communities, NGOs, churches, project officials at the regional level, woredas and Kebele managers and officials
participated in the workshop. The consultant team21 briefed the gathering on the project, presented the scope of
work and spoke about issues relating to legal framework, social and gender issues and design options considered.
Key issues raised are presented below (See Appendix 4.1 and 4.2) for details.
Table 4.1 Details of Stakeholder consultations
21 comprising of Team Leader, Engineering expert, Socio-economist, and Legal expert,
Issues raised Responses given

Resettlement of people displaced have to be resettled somewhere; while some people may be relocated within
affected persons command area but on kebele by kebele basis, option for resettlement have to be developed within
Ebinat and Farta Woredas or within the project command areas of Ribb irrigation scheme i.e. within
Libo-kemkem & Fogera Woredas through irrigation land redistribution process or to resettle them
somewhere within the South Gondar Zone in other woredas. It requires careful planning & development
of resettlement area/site options in consultation with all key stakeholders
Land redistribution in Land redistribution in relation to modern irrigation is an absolute precondition for modern farming. The
relation to modern people in the project area, except probably the farmers of the Ribb reservoir, are the beneficiaries of the
irrigation. irrigation development. The farmers within the Ribb Reservoir may also claim to be beneficiaries as
they are directly contributing to the realization of the said irrigation development.
Through the land redistribution process every farmer within the project command area, i.e. farmers
directly impacted by structures & farmers not directly impacted by irrigation structures, shall contribute
their share to the project. The end effect will be proportional reduction of landholding size, which is not
the same land size as existed before land redistribution process. The land redistribution process shall
be based on all pertinent information to do the exercise legally.
Land donation to If the donation has been finalized based on recognized legal documentation & a rural landholding book
family member and has been issued in the name of the new landholder, the legal verification shall be registered in the
verification & name of the new landholder & the compensation, if any, shall be paid to the new landholder. Otherwise,
compensation the verification of title to land shall be registered in the name of the original landholder & the
compensation shall be paid to the original landholder.
public participation regional guidelines also require the presence of farmers during such important activities There are
especially with respect established procedures for that purpose. Prior notice has to be given by the project to the respective
to land size farmers, to attend during such important activity. This could be done in consultation with the respective
measurement, Property Valuation Committee, with Woreda Administration & kebele representatives. The presence of
registration of farmers would also help in undertaking other project related activities like signing on the property
assets/properties registration document by & for photographing of the project affected people.
valuation committee The Property Valuation Committee shall be established from the relevant offices of the respective
composition and tasks woreda administration, from the respective kebeles & from the Consultant. One Committee shall be
established in each woreda. The Committee is legally recognized as an alternative body to do valuation
exercise related to assets & other economic interests impacted by the project based on rates collected
from the market and/or available government price information. The valuation document then shall be
send to the Region for its review & approval.
Displacement of The displacement of all farmers within the Ribb Reservoir area is certain. This issue is one of the
farmers due to central issues to be addressed during the preparation of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) by the
construction of Ribb Consultant. The Consultant shall consider all options through consultation that going to be undertaken
dam. with all key stakeholder institutions & the project affected persons.
crop compensation is For Ribb Reservoir farmers choosing not to shift to command area, the crop compensation shall
paid to farmers permanent & for ten years compensation shall be paid at once.
affected by the project
permanent The option may be open to the project affected person. This could be solicited during public
compensation & consultation with project affected farmers.
establish an urban life.
Counselling affected This concern is valid for farmers within the Ribb Reservoir area. The RAP Consultant shall consider
people to utilize ways how to tackle this important social problem in its RAP Report.
money judiciously
Source: Stakeholders Workshops, Addis Zemen and Woreta Towns, July 2010
4.3 Community Consultations

Consultations with communities were organized by requesting the Woredas to inform the respective kebeles and to
ensure that the chosen date and time are convenient to the community members22. After prior intimation
consultations were held at two locations in Amisteya (on May 8, 2011) and at Medeb Gubda (on May 9, 2011)
wherein community members (418 nos.) that included project affected households from all kebeles participated (See
Photo 4.1)23.
Photo 4.1 Community Consultations at Amisteya (L) and Medeb Gubda, Ayvaniva and Jara Shikra kebeles (R)
Source: SMEC, 2011
These included valuation committee members from Woredas, officials from Kebele administration and kebele
extension workers. Elderly members too were present and were requested to voice their concerns. The initial
briefing on the project included its characteristics, its likely benefits and potential adverse impacts, etc. Also the
participants were informed of their legal rights to get land in the command area of the project. Subsequently, the
discussion was opened with the public. Key points discussed and issues raised are summarized below.
Table 4.2 Details of community consultations
Topics Issues raised
Benefits of the Possibilities for fishery development, recreation establishments, irrigation development and other
project conveyed development of infrastructures;
adverse impacts Loss of farmland; houses and other privately owned structures; displacement problems; Increased
of the project risk to malaria due to the creation of large water body; Loss of common grazing land; Loss of springs
conveyed used for water supply sources (for the people and their cattle); Loss of crossing paths and
consequently disruptions of social and economic relations among different communities living on both
sides of the River;
Anxiety, Fears, affected property should be included and registered accurately.
Concerns During the 1997 land redistribution, not enough amount of land given. Post acquisition, there shall be
expressed nothing left. Compensation should take this into account.
proposed reservoir area is used for grazing and aspect should be considered by the government
during compensation as it would affect the main source of livelihood of the communities as there is no
22 While attempts were made to have separate discussions with older persons (males), Kebele administration officials advised
older males to also speak up during the community consultations.
23 Participants at the consultations signed attendance sheets and these are in the consultant records
Table 4.2 Details of community consultations

Topics Issues raised
other alternatives;
loss of crossing points will affect local communities specially Jara Shikra kebele of Farta Woreda;
cash compensation should be paid directly to the project affected persons without involving third party
and well ahead of time to give enough time to resettle and restore livelihood;
In case of grievances, the court and other concerned body may decide in favour of the project rather
than taking the case seriously;
careful about the accidents that may arise on our children and cattle due to the reservoir
have no idea about how to utilize money. Training and education should be provided before payment.
Preferences and Provision of assistance for vulnerable social groups such as elderly, female and child heads of
expectations households and disabled persons;
prefer land for land compensation for the reasons as they are not business oriented people and cannot
manage to use other options for sustainable livelihood;
the government (project) to provide support to the construction and/or maintenance of such facilities as
veterinary clinics, schools, potable water supply, electricity, and access roads,
request the government to give more attentions for the compensation and rehabilitation of the
displaced persons so that our livelihood will be restored and sustainable.
As the land certificate is in the name of both the husbands and wives, the preference of both the
husband and wife should be considered equally.
need Mosquito net for such negative impacts likely to occur due increased incidence of Malaria
need roads to market place and also woreda office.
Positive commit ourselves to support the implementation of the various components of the project
Comments understand that the project can bring significant development and beneficial impacts to the country in
general and to the region in particular
Questions and need provision for transportation expenses during relocating our properties and move our livestock;
Clarifications until compensation can we use the land to grow annual crops
procedures should be put in place to effect compensation payments
When to surrender our land and all the rest of the affected property
Benefits from two weeks training on modern farming including fertilizer and compost.
ongoing The landless youth want to get training to have livelihood. So we need financial support.
government Priority should be given to us (those living in the area) to be involved in the fishing and other possible
programs/other business opportunities.
trainings need trainings on Modern farming, livestock etc.
Source: Kebele level Community Consultations, SMEC, May 2011
4.4 Focus Group Discussions

ESIA report had identified that the principal vulnerable groups to be female headed households and landless women.
Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were held with groups of women of all three kebeles Amisteya (on May 8), Jara
Shikra and Medeb Gubda (on May 9) to inform of the project and discuss and elicit concerns. The group included
widowed single women, old and elderly and also married women. A total of 65 women participated in these
discussions (See Photo 4.2).
Information on the project was disseminated to begin with followed by discussion on other topics. These ranged from
roles of women within their families, their concerns regarding livelihood post land acquisition, skill acquired and/or
required, plans particularly of those rendered landless, access to water, social services and markets. Summary of
discussions is presented below
Fears regarding the project: These were mainly due to with chances of accidents due to water, such as children,
cattle falling into the reservoir and also increased chances of malaria. Another key concern was plan of the
government with respect to relocation and resettlement, particularly the host community, if it would be safe and
welcoming. Some women indicated that if they became landless they would take the given money and go to urban
and do business. Other women stated they have no skills, are not educated and the money received as
compensation will be insufficient.
Photo 4.2 - Focus Group discussions with women at Amisteya (L) and Medebgubda (R)
Source: SMEC Survey, 2011
HIV/mode of transmission and prevention: Many indicated awareness of HIV and its modes of transmission. They
reported of visits by Health workers in the kebele and the meetings that they conduct once in a month or once in two
months.
Skills training undertaken and expected: Very few women indicated of having received any training. They expressed
preferences for training on bamboo (selen), cotton and spinning tool, stove; embroidery.
4.5 Preference Survey Consultations

A Preference resurvey was administered to all PAPs in November 2012. The purpose was to clearly inform the
options available for resettlement and rehabilitation for all PAPs and seek their preference. The survey
questionnaire was shared with and prior intimation was given to, MoWE, Regional BoEPLAU, Woreda Authorities
and finally the Kebele officials. The survey was conducted after creating awareness on the options and provisions.
It was conducted in the presence of Kebele administrator and Land use Expert. No specific time frame was fixed for
PAPs to respond with their preferred option, following the discussion so as to encourage a well-considered decision.
Key topics discussed were:
purpose of the questionnaire;
options for resettlement and rehabilitation would be consistent with the preferences indicated;
details on what the available options were conveyed by the kebele administration officials, Woreda and
BoEPLAU officials;
sites identified in rural and urban areas were informed to the community; and
facilities at sites that would be provided by the project
On an average, PAPs took about 5-6 days to consider and respond with their options.
Initially the regional government wanted to resettle those PAPs who are losing more than 50% of their holding in the
command area. Furthermore, they planned to convince and move those PAPs who are losing more than 75% to
command area as per their legal entitlement. Hence, following the survey the Woreda and Regional Officials again
held community level meetings to check and reconfirm the options indicated by the PAPs. It was observed that the
PAPs had no objection to give their land for the project but were concerned in the amount of compensation and to get
it in full whether they go to command area, communal lands, or woreda town centers. Initially some wanted to go to
command area but when they perceived that getting replacement land in command area reduces their compensation
amount, they all rejected that option. All PAPs were interested only in cash compensation. Finally, in discussion with
Bank and Consultants, Woredas and region agreed to act as per the preference indicated by PAPs. For more
details see Chapter 7, Section 7.3.
4.6 Institutional Consultations at Amhara Region

A series of consultations with key institutions were carried out between April and June, 2011 24. The purpose was to
understand their specific role of each institution in RAP preparation and implementation; their awareness and
readiness with respect to the issue of displacement and rehabilitation of those affected; and finally areas where
capacity enhancement measures were required. A summary of discussions is presented below.
4.6.1 Regional Project Coordination office (RPCO), Bahir Dar

Organizational setup: A Regional PCO is operational at Bahir Dar. A RPC is to be appointed by the Office of the
Regional President and is located at BoFED. It reports to the Regional President through the office of Economic
Affairs Advisor. It is responsible for coordination of project activities among the different participating agencies in the
region, in particular BoWRD and BoARD. It liaises with and establishes clear communication links with participating
Woredas and Kebeles. The RPC will be assisted by full time contractual staff in the area of M&E and database
management.
Role of the office vis--vis RAP preparation and implementation: They forward the RAP report of the consultant to
the Regional BoEPLAU for their review. Once comments are received they forward these to NPCO for onward
transmission to Consultant to incorporate the given comments/suggestions. During RAP implementation, it releases
funds to Regional BoEPLAU based on their approved Annual action plan. Their key role is to monitor and evaluate
the entire project based on the reports that it receives from key bodies such as Regional BoEPLAU, BoFED, BoARD,
etc.
4.6.2 Regional BoEPLAU, Amhara region

The Bureau has the mandate for land administration and environmental issues in the region. Besides, coordination
between the NPCO, RPCO and the Woreda OoEPLAUs to facilitate the preparation and implementation of RAP, they
are to provide capacity enhancement or implementation support to Woredas/kebeles vide trainings. Key issues
discussed are as follows:
Mandate of the Regional BoEPLAU: They register and measure land holdings, computerize, issue certificates to
landholders, update transfers and certification; build capacity and guide implementation; facilitate participation and
evaluate expropriation. Registration of properties in peri-urban areas too was added to their responsibilities, recently.
Role of BoEPLAU in planning and implementation: Involvement is from inception to evaluation stage including
compensation, land administration and land redistribution and monitoring.
24 Updated as per March 2013 discussions
In-house experience in handling similar projects (irrigation/reservoir): have experience in land redistribution in Koga
irrigation project though a relatively smaller project. In case of Ribb reservoir, as the command area is far away, they
perceive the major challenge would be resettling affected persons effectively.
Readiness of OoEPLAUs regarding identification of resettlement sites: As per the standard of the towns 200 sq. m
area is provided for 54 PAHs in Debre Tabor town and 250 sq. m for 24 PAHs] in Ebinat town. Ebinat Woreda has
identified two sites for residential purposes and Debre Tabor town identified one site. Further Ebinat Woreda
identified a communal land site for giving 500 sq.mtr plots (as per norms for plots in rural areas) to 7 PAPs of
Amisteya kebele within the kebele.
Livelihood restoration option: In agriculture there are a lot of packages, while in Micro-enterprise (non-farm related)
too there are some packages, though there is little experience of implementing such packages.
Technical support role by Regional BoEPLAU to Woreda OoEPLAUs: Provision of training is possible only with
respect to legislations. Since January 2013, a Social Development Expert has been contracted by MOWE and
placed within BoEPLAU office to specifically coordinate and support RAP preparation and implementation of Ribb
Scheme
Views on support to PAPs on judicious spending of compensation amount: The Koga irrigation project provided good
experience in terms of improvement in lives of farmers by investing into productive assets e.g. terms of purchase of
vehicles, etc. There have been a few minor cases of PAPs of money wastage. Counselling would definitely be
required, particularly for those who have lost all their lands and/or are require to change occupation.
Grievance redressal mechanisms at multiple levels: Every dispute is heard with attempt to resolve as per the culture
using mediation or else it is resolved at courts. Grievance redressal office at the Woreda office exists besides the
arrangement at the kebele level, zonal and regional level. The head of Woreda is in-charge of resolution of
grievances.
Views on provision of fishing rights to affected communities in reservoirs: Fishing activity can be an important source
of livelihood, with ARARI providing support in selection of species.
Support provisions of shifting allowance, transition allowance: All of these are possible if they are taken as additional
support. Further Engineer in-Charge of valuation of items normally adds some amount towards contingency in the
event the item is damaged.
Views on extension of ongoing government programs/involvement of other NGO/organisations (ORDA, ADA, CVN):
Yes, such institutions/organizations should be involved to enhance capacity as experience is limited among Woredas
for this scale of extensive resettlement and rehabilitation.
4.7 Institutional Consultations Ebinat and Farta Woreda

Various departments were consulted in Ebinat and Farta Woredas. Details by Woreda are given below:
4.7.1 Ebinat
Multiple rounds of discussions were held with different departments at Ebinat Woreda that included:
Woreda administrators office,
Womens affairs office,
Woreda OoEPLAU, and
Woreda Health office;
Summary of discussions is presented below:
Woreda Administrators office
The Woreda administration office plays a key role in the overall decentralized structure that is responsible for
planning and implementation of development projects. It draws upon expertise from various departments and offices
within the woreda for execution of these projects. Key issues discussed included: options for resettlement, plans for
those becoming landless, prior experience and capacity to execute such projects, institutional arrangement and
capacity, identification of preferences of PAPs.
Options (or areas) for resettlement/PAP preferences: Based on an informal random survey during the asset inventory
survey, it was observed that most of them do not want to leave the area. Hence, people who shall not have lands
post expropriation have been identified, and as per mandate of the Woredas, lands in urban areas have been
identified.
Organizational arrangement of the Woreda: Woreda Administration council has a representatives from each kebele
i.e. at least three representatives i.e. farmers, merchants, and others/elders. Woreda administration consists of all
government sections, heads of different sectors such as OoEPLAU, Agriculture, Finance, Womens affairs.
Level of public awareness and attitude towards the Project: Public is aware particularly after the impacts observed
following expropriation of land for the Ribb dam. While they are cooperative, their main grievance is that after
measurement of land, the payments are delayed.
Capacity of the Woreda to implement the Project: A committee comprising a total of seven members is operational
and working during the RAP preparation. E.g. composition of the Property Valuation Committee is persons from
agricultural office (2), OoEPLAU (2), Livestock (1), Urban Office (1) and Chair of the committee (1). Support in terms
of Technical and financial if any, is expected and welcome. Envisaged actions include: establishment of
valuation/compensation and grievance committees at Woreda level; treatment of vulnerable groups in the Project.
Grievance redressal mechanism: A separate committee at the woreda exists. The Head reports to Woreda
administrator well as to Zone and also to the region. There is a chain of command already provided for and
grievances are handled accordingly.
OoEPLAU
Compensation: Upon completion of compensation process, there are few specific business plans that can be
developed for the purpose of income generation. The cost of preparing business plans suitable to the context and
based on preferences and skills of affected persons can be undertaken at approximately ETB 45,000.
Staffing and Organizational structure: The Head of the OoEPLAU reports to the Woreda administrator. The Head
has two main process heads Process Head (Environmental Protection) and Process Head (Land Administration).
The Environmental Protection group has Environmental education, environment resource valuation; Environment
Impact Assessment expert and Documentation expert. The Process Head (Land Administration) has Land
Administration expert, Land Resource Valuation and Livelihood Option, Forestry, Soil and Water conservation.
Constraints overall and specific to project: Of the 11 key positions, 5 positions need to be filled in -- include Land
Registration officer (1), Surveyors (2), Animal Science expert (1) and one grievance redressal officer. Specifically for
this project, the grievance redressal at the Woreda is a general office for the entire operations of the Woredas;
however a senior, respectable person capable of handling grievances is required at the Woreda OoEPLAU level. No
vehicle for field work is a major constraint. Besides, computers (2), stationery/materials are required.
Estimated costs: Rates for experts vary based on i) experience and ii) type of appointment contractual basis or
permanent basis. It can be stated as ETB 4000-5000/month.
Womens affairs department

Womens role in decision making: Position of women has improved from the past but more attitudinal changes in
both men and women are required.
Issues faced based on past experience from such projects, if any: From the experience of land acquisition for the
dam, most women realize that land compensation is insufficient. Further, existing skills are found to be inadequate if
they shift to urban centers. Its better to provide farm land in rural areas so that they can continue livelihood based on
crop production.
Land holding certificate: Since the certificate has names and photos of husband and wife, compensation payment is
not a problem.
HIV/AIDs issue: Awareness of HIV is there as programs are held every fortnight at kebele, community and woreda
levels, besides distribution of condoms by Health extension workers.
Literacy and skills: They get farmer trainings but more training on income generation activities is required such as i)
petty trade; ii selling and iii) modern weaving and spinning machines.
Health Office
Major activities: Malaria Prevention and Control is implemented and coordinated by the Woreda Health Offices.
Provision of mosquito net (two in each households) and spread of the anti-malaria medication twice a year, provision
of health education about the preventive measures of malaria by health extension workers, monitoring the adherence
to mosquito net utilization in the household, environmental control and protection and provision of malaria drugs
through health posts are the major activities being implemented by the health offices. Currently there are a number
of programs related to the prevention, care and support of HIV/AIDS: HIV/AIDS Prevention Control Office (HAPCO),
primarily involved in community mobilization on prevention of the disease by awareness creation/education program,
involving training; the distribution of condoms in public places; Voluntary counseling and testing services, prevention
of Mother-to-Child transmission; Provision of ARV (Antiretroviral) and providing care and support for people living
with HIV/AIDS. The monthly community meetings where participants discuss problems relating to HIV/AIDS and STI,
care and support and Health Extension Programs are also organized by the Woreda Health Office.
These include monitoring and coordinating the health extension program in each kebeles. The health extension
program includes eleven packages (latrine use, preparation and utilization of the separate animal shade, Mothers
and infants health, Water and sanitation, environments protection and control under malaria prevention, Prevention
and control of communicable diseases like water borne diseases, HIV prevention etc.).
Strategy adopted: The main strategy (designed at the regional level) is to use health extension workers. Health
extension workers selected from each kebeles are trained and two health extension workers are assigned in each
health posts. Educational level of the extension workers is 10+1 and with some trainings and certification too.
Extension workers handle cases in the health posts like provision of malaria drug for patients, Family planning, VCT
etc. Health extension workers provide HIV prevention awareness and also VCT. The home based care giver
professionals are also providing care for HIV/AIDS patients.
NGOs working on health related interventions: Only MSH (Management Science for Health) provides ART support in
the area. Government supports this intervention fully as no NGOs are working in the area.
Interventions especially Malaria/ major activities being implemented in the Amisteya kebele: One of the malaria sites
in the woreda is Amisteya kebele wherein anti malaria medicines are spread twice a year at a time when malaria
breeding is more acute i.e. around Sept-November and May and June. Mosquito nets are distributed to every
household. One net is given for three members of the household, and two nets for six family members.
Recommendation regarding any intervention: Special attention is given to the area as Malaria problem may
aggravate due to the reservoir. There is a need to strengthen the existing prevention programs such as the spread of
anti-malaria medicine, increasing the supply of malaria drugs in each health posts and mosquito net distribution is
also important.
Constraints and challenges: Transportation, lack of networking and coordination with agriculture office are major
constraints. Another constraint was despite provision of nets, nets are not used for intended purpose but for other
purposes such as to cover the crop, prepare rope, etc. Increased coordination with the agriculture office and
awareness generation is needed.
Assessment of Ebinat Woreda institutions: Major effort in economic rehabilitation shall require very effective
inter-departmental coordination. Careful monitoring of food security situation for both affected households and also
other non-affected households in the kebele would be crucial as Ebinat is already a target woreda under the Food
Security Program. Health offices require capacity enhancement to ensure that health needs and malaria related
concerns of affected population is adequately addressed. Womens affairs department needs appropriate support to
reach out effectively to the concerned kebeles in provision of training. Woreda OoEPLAUs too require increased
capacity both in terms of transportation for access and also manpower resources to carry out the necessary
activities. A dedicated committee with prior experience in Ribb dam project is an advantage. However, limited
experience in alternative livelihood generation is an issue of concern and therefore necessitates contracting of
outside agencies with relevant experience for this purpose.
4.7.2 Farta Woreda: Multiple rounds of discussions were held following key departments at Farta Woreda:
Woreda administrators office;

Womens affairs office;
OoEPLAU;
Health office, and
Micro and Small scale enterprise;
Presented below are summary of discussions.

Woreda Administrators office
Finalization of the cadastral mapping task in the Woreda, especially within the Project affected Kebeles. It is nearly
complete for all kebeles in the woreda and not just for the affected persons.
Organizational arrangement of the Woreda: The administration had members from different department and works in
close coordination to prepare and implement all activities. Valuation committees dedicated to the task shall be made
available for purposes of compensation computation. The composition of the Property Valuation Committee includes
members from OoEPLAU, Dept. of agriculture, etc. there is a 7-8 members committee including the valuation
committee chairman.
Level of public awareness and public attitude towards the Project/Preferences: Public are aware of the project and
have expectations for a better life.
Rehabilitation and Resettlement: Based on a random assessment carried out by the Woreda in March 2011, it was
observed that those completely affected and without land preferred to come to woreda centers and start
business/petty trade. These include occupations such as bamboo furniture in which they have skills, besides
weaving, fattening, leather works. Therefore, the RAP report should assess the market for effective options. Further,
PAPs are likely to have a strong preference to come to woreda centers as they deem these town centers to have
more amenities. Also identification of such areas is within the scope of the zone administration/municipality
administration and regional administration.
Capacity of the Woreda to implement the Project (in terms of resources input) /Capacity constraints: While there are
officers in ARD and Rural Land Administration they tend to usual routine works. A consultation expert, a
Resettlement Expert and Livelihood Expert are required. The Livelihood Expert should have degree in Animal
Sciences, familiar with fattening etc. and can be hired at ETB 4000-5000/month.
Compensation payment: For dam construction related acquisition, payments were made directly by the Ministry
(MoWE) to the Kebele and hence there was no specific role. Woreda finance department counsels PAP on how to
manage the money. Woreda Administration supports by counseling the PAPs as appropriate to open a bank account
and transfer the amount directly to the bank account, update pass book.
Grievance redressed office: Committee was not operational earlier but now has been made operational. However
people with complaints approach courts for redressed.
Woreda OoEPLAU
Compensation valuation: The process has a series of steps including revision of lists following disclosure events to
check and carry out corrections to ownership details. The office has also collected all land holdings books for
updating of the master land holding book.
Constraints in terms of capacity: We have contractual and regular workers. At present for this task expect additional
support for Land use Expert, Economist, Livelihood and legal expert. Further in terms of equipment, department has
two (2) computers (2) for maintaining database. Additional land survey equipment and vehicles too are required.
Options for resettlement/Income generation options: Areas for PAPs to relocate and resettle are to be decided by
Woreda administration and zonally administration as land is scarce in these densely populated areas. Compensation
option is only monetary for people who are used to farming all their lives. Transfer of compensation is carried out vide
bank but is not sustainable overall, though counselling needs to be carried out vide advisory mechanisms. Proper
technical advisors are required for this purpose and need details of different trades such as bamboo furniture. There
is no ready-made business plan but Agricultural and Rural Development (ARD) can be contacted for business plans.
Dedicated officers are required such as alternate livelihood expert and small enterprises.
Key requirements based on constraints: Stationery, computers and a vehicle for our own office as there is very often
lot of field work involved.
Womens affairs department

Plan to rehabilitate the livelihood of women living in the project affected area: Unable to give special attention to the
potentially affected women. Microfinance credit facilities, trainings on modern farming, livestock, and modern
beehives are to be provided. They indicated to having prior experience in provision of such trainings for around 3042
women and youth (commercial sex workers, daily labourers, etc.) from different towns of the woreda.
Lack of trainings in project kebeles (Jara Shikra and Medeb gubda): It is due to: i) area is remote with no
infrastructure and no roads to the kebeles; ii) budgetary constraint to provide vehicles to gender experts to access
such kebeles as otherwise the area is nearly a 30 km or a 3 hour walk.
Suggestion regarding HIV/AIDS/intervention: We have program with HAPCO (HIV/AIDS prevention and Control
office). We train the kebele health extension workers and they generate awareness.
Health Office
Role in the Ribb reservoir scheme: They can assist the project authorities or the WPITs in malaria prevention by
provision of mosquito net and spreading of the anti-malaria medicines. Of the two kebeles in Farta impacted by the
project, Medebgubda is the malaria area and there is at present no prevention program there. As the area,
especially Medebgubda is highly infected, many malaria cases are reported. There is one health center in
Medebgubda, because of the prevalence of the problem. The center is proving the anti-malaria drug only. The
project (reservoir) will aggravate the problem more. Separate budget should be allocated by the project.
Challenges / constraints: Due to budget constraints, spreading of anti-malaria medicine in malaria affected kebeles
has not been done. Kebeles that are identified as malaria breeding grounds need to be prioritized. Usage of
mosquito nets is a problem and requires strict monitoring and follow up. Transportation constraint is significant and
leads to delay in distribution of the mosquito net and medicine. Provision of adequate transportation by the project
authorities would greatly facilitate the issue.
Assessment of Farta Woreda institutions: The impacts likely i.e. change in occupation leading to major effort in
economic rehabilitation shall require very effective coordination between all departments of the woreda. While Health
offices shall require capacity enhancement to ensure that affected populations health needs is taken care of,
Womens Affairs department needs appropriate support to reach out effectively to the concerned kebeles to provide
training. Woreda OoEPLAUs too require transportation for access and manpower to carry out the necessary
activities. In view of the negligible exposure to management of rehabilitation efforts of such magnitude, these
departments need external support from organizations with relevant experience, particularly on development and
implementation of income generation activities.
Consultations were held with a few major grassroot agencies that operate in these sectors within the Amhara region.
Discussions and assessment of these NGOs are presented in Chapter 8 Income and Livelihood Restoration.
CHAPTER 5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT
The planned infrastructure of the Ribb Irrigation and Drainage project (RIDP) shall impact 23 kebeles across four (4)
Woredas. While the Dam and Reservoir area would impact four (4) kebeles across two (2) Woredas Ebinat and
Farta, the command area infrastructure of canal networks, night storage ponds, etc. shall affect 19 kebeles across
Libo-kemkem and Fogera Woredas. The ESIA report for the RIDP scheme listed the nature and type of potential
positive and adverse impacts. Sections below list all the adverse impacts that shall result from the reservoir i.e.
those quantified based on the Asset Inventory survey and other non-tangible impacts identified based on discussions
with various stakeholders, particularly affected communities.
5.1 Positive Impacts

The beneficiaries of RIDP are the small land holders living in and using the cultivable land in the command area of
the Ribb irrigation scheme i.e. farms lands in the 19 kebeles of Libo- Kemkem and Fogera woredas, approximately
40 km away. Of the total irrigable command area identified of 19,925 ha, RIDP proposes that up to 14,460 ha25 be
irrigated by water stored in Ribb Reservoir behind the Ribb Dam, and is released into the Ribb River and then
distributed by gravity to approximately 11,500 farming households. The planned and anticipated positive impacts of
RIDP as listed in the ESIA report are:
Increased cropping intensity due to the provision of irrigation water during the dry season;
Increased crop yields due to improved drainage, inputs and crop husbandry;
Increased crop diversity due to an improvement of land capability by irrigation and drainage and improved
access to seeds and markets;
Improved livestock husbandry and productivity;
Increased and stabilised household incomes from agriculture for some 10,000 farm households;
Increased secondary economic activities agriculturally-related goods and services and associated local
employment, including for scheme operation and maintenance;
Improved institutional capacity of government organisations responsible for water management and agricultural
development at regional, woreda and kebele levels;
Improved road access, with many associated benefits;
Reduced impacts from flooding;
Improved health for command area households due to multiple health initiatives, combined with improved
literacy, women's status, road access and household incomes;
Improved status and quality of life of women in the command area due to multiple community development
initiatives especially provision of domestic water supplies, increased household incomes, adult literacy, improved
health, better access to fuel and inclusion in community decision-making mechanisms;
Conservation of fish and wildlife in command area and associated rivers due to establishment of habitat
protection and fishery management mechanisms and increased environmental awareness;
Specifically in the reservoir area, the following positive impacts are envisaged:
Work opportunities in Dam construction: Construction work on the dam has provided work opportunities and
already has involved skilled and unskilled labour from the four kebeles that lie in the vicinity Zeha, Amisteya,
Jara Shikra and Medebgubda. Further during operation it is expected that work opportunities, albeit fewer,
would be available.in the form of other support services for the Ribb Dam office, staff quarters, vehicles, etc.
Reservoir fishery The introduction of fishery development following the creation of a big water body will enable
the local communities to diversify their economy. It will help to improve the nutritional status of the local people
and the region and shall supplement income.
Submergence of area resulting in formation of reservoir will lead to impacts in four surrounding kebeles. Direct and
indirect impacts will be felt across communities. All affected households and their assets were covered during the
asset inventory survey in November 2012. The type of adverse impacts segregated by individual and overall
community is given below:
5.2 Impact on Private assets

The reservoir would impact 1091 PAHs across the four kebeles. At an average household size of 4.526, there would
be an estimated 4909 PAHs. Amongst these four kebeles, Medebgubda and Amisteya are most impacted as nearly
half (45.83%) belong to Medegubda kebele, followed by Amisteya (36.02%). Ayvaniva kebele is least impacted and
has 4 PAPs.
Table 5.1 Number of PAHs by kebele
S/N Name of Kebele PAHs losing land and other assets PAPs losing only PAPs losing only Total
on land Eucalyptus tree Structures
1 Amestiya 383 0 10 393
2 Ayvaniva 4 0 0 4
3 Jara Shikra 190 2 2 194
4 Medeb Gubda 484 2 14 500
Total 1061 4 26 1091
Loss of privately owned cultivable farm land: Cultivable farm land key economic resource of the communities shall
be the biggest loss faced by the predominantly farming based households. It will disturb the subsistence levels and
income-earning capacity, primarily through the loss of economically productive assets. The reservoir would impact
2039 parcels comprising 946.2171 ha of cultivable farm land across all four kebeles. See Table 5.2. These parcels
are privately owned by 1056 landowners. Only 11.33969 ha (1.18%) is irrigated land i.e. land irrigated by a nearby
spring or water source such Hamusit and Ribb Rivers. Teff, Maize, Wheat, Barley, Potato are the major crops
impacted by the acquisition of land in the reservoir affected zone. Other crop varieties include Sorghum, Maize,
Chicken bean, horse bean, beans, cabbage, pepper and onion. Further food insecurity would be a critical issue as
Ebinat Woreda is a food chronically insecure and already a target woreda under PSNP (Productive Safety Net
Program). The average holding in these affected kebeles is: Medebgubda (1.015 ha); Jarashikra (0.86 ha), Ayvaniva
(0.833 ha) and Amestiya (0.78 ha).
Table 5.2 Impact on privately owned farm lands
Farm Lands
Name of Kebele Rain-fed Irrigated* Total Area (ha)
PAHs Parcels Area (ha) PAHs Parcels Area (ha)
Amestiya 379 719 340.8535 41 43 9.38769 340.8535
Ayvaniva 4 4 2.3298 0 0 0 2.3298
Jara Shikra 189 315 134.0878 10 10 1.952 134.0878
Medeb Gubda 484 1001 468.946 0 0 0 468.946
Total 1056 2039 946.2171 51 53 11.33969 946.2171
*irrigated is part of the rainfed area. Considerations made in defining Rainfed land and Irrigated land is that during rainy season {from June to
August} whole parcel is cultivated by natural rain and during dry season only irrigated portion is cultivated
26Average Household size for rural areas in Amhara Region, Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census,
2007
Loss of private or common grazing land: Common grazing land i.e. grazing land parcels owned a single person or set
of PAPs would be impacted27. 16 PAHs would lose 16 parcels of 7.96216 ha of grazing land. Amestiya kebele
experiences the maximum impact. The loss of privately owned common grazing parcels of land could potentially
lead to lesser or reduced ownership of cattle/livestock. See Table 5.3.
Table 5.3 Impact on privately owned common grazing lands
Grazing lands
Name of Kebele
PAHs Parcels Area (ha)
Amestiya 15 15 7.16176
Ayvaniva 0 0 0
Jara Shikra 0 0 0
Medeb Gubda 1 1 0.8004
Total 16 16 7.96216
Loss of lands considered ineligible for compensation: 4.93493 ha of impacted land in Amestiya and Medebgubda
kebeles are considered as ineligible as these belong to 8 persons who are now permanent employees and therefore
can no longer be classified as farmer and therefore eligible for compensation. As on the date of inventory it was not
transferred to kebele, so the same is considered as government land and hence do not require to be compensated.
Also 1 parcel owned by 1 person of 1.69049 ha near the Ribb River is severely eroded as it is totally washed out by
the river. Land belongs to the government. If one is not using land it is considered he is not affected by the
acquisition so no need for compensation. And there is no structure on it (See Tables 5.4 and 5.5).
Table 5.4 Impact on lands considered ineligible for compensation (Permanent employees)
Name of kebele PAHs Parcels Area (ha)
Amestiya 4 6 2.41813
Ayvaniva 0 0 0
Jara Shikra 0 0 0
Medeb Gubda 4 6 2.5168
Total 8 12 4.93493
Table 5.5 Impact on severely eroded lands considered ineligible for compensation
Kebele Persons Parcels Area (ha)
Amestiya 1 1 1.69049
Ayvaniva 0 0 0
Jara Shikra 0 0 0
Medeb Gubda 0 0 0
Total 1 1 1.69049
PAPs already impacted and compensated: During preparation of the RAP and due to exigencies of dam
construction work, some parcels of land that lay within the reservoir zone were required for borrow areas. These
parcels of land belonged to 39 PAPs from Amisteya (17) and Medebgubda (22) kebeles. Their residential structures
were not affected. Woreda authorities computed their compensation and following Regions verification, approval and
issuance of entitlement certificates, MoWE has already compensated these PAPs and expropriated some of their
affected parcels upto. 26.505 ha (See Appendix 5.1 for list of PAPs).
Loss of structures: Structures lost by PAHs include residential structures (Tukuls i.e. huts including kitchens), 136
PAHs are experiencing impacts on 211 residential structures with a total impacted area of 4596.95 sq.mtrs. Of these
27 Parcels of grazing land owned by a set of PAPs which lies in a common area between 2 or more PAPs and for which they have joint
ownership and compensation payable for such parcels also gets computed and paid proportionately
211 residential structures, 71.56% houses have thatched roof, while the remaining 60 are permanent types with
corrugated iron sheet. No residential structure is affected in Ayvaniva kebele. See Tables 5.6 and 5.7.
Table 5.6 Number of PAHs experiencing impact on residential structures

Name of Kebele No. of PAHs
Amestiya 72
Ayvaniva 0
Jara Shikra 7
Medeb Gubda 57
Total 136
Table 5.7 Impact on Structures by type of structure

Corrugated Iron Sheet roofed Thatched Roofed Total
Name of Kebele Number of Floor Area Number of Floor Area Number of Floor Area
houses (m2) houses (m2) houses (m2)
Amestiya 25 1041.1325 84 1395.174 109 2,436.31
Ayvaniva 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
Jara Shikra 4 152.7 7 87.14771 11 239.85
Medeb Gubda 31 1159.3196 60 761.4793 91 1,920.80
Total 60 2353.1521 151 2243.801 211 4,596.95
Number of physically displaced persons: 85 PAHs would be displaced i.e. losing structure and opting to relocate
either to woreda urban town centre or to communal land site. Table 5.8 classifies PAPs by those losing structures
and with balance landholding and opting to relocate.
Table 5.8 Impacts by extent of remaining by loss of structure and then loss of land
Name of Kebele PAH losing PAH losing residential PAHs losing PAH losing residential Total
Everything Structure and have residential Structure Structure has balance
balance land equal or have balance land land greater than or
less than one kada28 less than two kada equal to two kada
(>1 and < 2 kada)
Ayvaniva 0 0 0 0 0
Jara Shikra 1 1 0 2 4
Medeb Gubda 30 4 9 7 50
Amisteya
Rural site 3 3 0 1 7
Town Centre 10 1 4 9 24
44 9 13 19 85
Number of PAHs who shall be shifting to project identified urban resettlement sites or communal land site:
85
PAHs who become houseless and landless: 44
PAHs who become houseless and having land less than or equal to 1 kada (0.25 acre): 9
PAHs who become houseless and having land balance land less than 2 kada (0.5 acre): 13
PAHs who become houseless and having land greater than two kada (2): 19
Total number of persons who will relocated: 85 (Maximum are from Medebgubda kebele)
28 1 kada equals 0.25 hectare
Amisteya has two sets of resettlers: 7 households relocating to rural site and 24 relocating to Ebinat Woreda
town centre
See Annexure 5.1 for list of PAHs who will relocate.

Loss of assets on land i.e. crops and trees: Loss of crops would definitely impact food-grain situation at home as well
as overall income, while loss of trees would impact fuel wood. The reservoir will impact Natural trees, Eucalyptus
trees and Perennial crops (fruits).
Natural Trees: 741 PAHs will experience impact on 30,601 Natural trees of varying sizes. Species include: Abalo,
Bamba, Chibha, Dokma, Embis, Gambelo, Girar, Kewet, Kundo Berbere, kechena, Kuara, Misana, Nim, Shinet, Tid,
Wanza, Warka, Woyra, Zana and Zanfique. As can be seen from Table 5.9, 58.96% of the trees are in Medebgubda
kebele.
Table 5.9 Impacts on Natural Trees
Natural Trees
Name of Kebele No. of PAHs
Large Medium Small Total
Amestiya 294 1374 3697 5733 10804
Ayvaniva 2 3 1 7 11
Jara Shikra 105 402 437 906 1745
Medeb Gubda 340 2592 8738 6711 18041
Total 741 4371 12873 13357 30601
Eucalyptus trees: 108 PAPs will experience impacts on 132668 Eucalyptus trees at different stages of growth.
70.76% of these trees are at Seedling stage. Medebgubda kebele accounts for 71.64% of the total impacted
Eucalyptus trees (See Table 5.10).
Table 5.10 Impacts on Eucalyptus Trees

Eucalyptus Trees
Name of Kebele No. of owners Medium (for Large (for Very large (for
Seedling Total
purlin) Pole) timber)
Amestiya 31 13217 12542 269 240 26268
Ayvaniva 0 0 0 0 0 0
Jara Shikra 23 3216 7771 220 146 11353
Medeb Gubda 54 77443 16440 1096 68 95047
Total 108 93876 36753 1585 454 132668
Perennial crops: The project shall impact 2629 perennial crops such as Banana, Enkoy, Casava, Coffee, Gesho,
Lemon, Mango, Orange, Papaya, Sugarcane and Zeytun that belong to 59 owners. Amisteya kebele shall be
experience the maximum on perennial crops (See Table 5.11).
Table 5.11 Impacts on Perennial Crops

Perennial Crops
Name of Kebele No. of owners
Yielding Non-Yielding Total
Amestiya 32 2203 233 2436
Ayvaniva 0 0 0 0
Jara Shikra 8 20 19 39
Medeb Gubda 19 133 21 154
Total 59 2356 273 2629
Other intangible impacts: These would include:

increase in cases of HIV/Aids: Dam construction ongoing for the last few years has brought in outsiders.
Besides in-migration, the potential out-migration particularly by the vulnerable PAPs, post-expropriation might
lead to increase in HIV/Aids;
Social disarticulation and marginalization due to relocation: Relocation to Resettlement sites particularly in
urban centers, albeit within the same Woreda, often leads to breakdown of social groups for neighborliness and
support and coping mechanisms that existed earlier in their own kebeles. Some of the PAPs who have preferred
to shift to the urban centres would need to adjust to the host community/population.
5.3 Impact on Kebele community/Church/Common Property

Loss of land owned by kebele and Churches: 2.799 ha of farm land owned by Medebgubda kebele will be impacted.
No other kebele experiences any loss of farm or grazing land. Churches in Amestiya kebele owning 3 parcels
totalling 2.4007 ha of farm and grazing land will be impacted. No other kebele experiences any loss of farm or
grazing land (See Tables 5.12 and 5.13).
Table 5.12 Impacts on Farm and grazing land owned by kebele
Farm Land Grazing Land Total
Name of Kebele
Parcels Area (ha) Parcels Area (ha) Parcels Area (ha)
Amestiya 0 0 0 0 0 0
Jara Shikra 0 0 0 0 0 0
Medeb Gubda 2 2.7990 0 0 2 2.7990
Total 2 2.799 0 0 2 2.799
Table 5.13 Impacts on Farm and Grazing land owned by Church

Farm Land Grazing Land Total
Kebele
Parcels Area (ha) Parcels Area (ha) Parcels Area (ha)
Amestiya 2 2.3438 1 0.05695 3 2.4007
Jara Shikra 0 0 0 0 0 0
Medeb Gubda 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 2 2.3438 1 0.05695 3 2.4007
Loss of communal grazing land: Communal grazing lands that belong to the kebeles, though degraded to
overgrazing and other reasons are precious particularly for landless households in the kebeles. Its loss could result
in community members giving away their balance cattle/livestock leading to further depletion of their economic
resources (See Section 3.5 for responses of PAHs on management of livestock with lesser land). It would increase
their expenditure to procure these items such as meat, milk, etc. from the market and therefore impact thier savings.
27 parcels totalling 75.61116 ha of communal land owned by the will be impacted. Amisteya (42.81086 ha) will lose
of communal land, followed by Medebgubda (23.322 ha).
Table 5.14 Impact on Communal grazing land
Kebele Number of Parcels Area (ha)
Amestiya 9 42.81086
Ayvaniva 0 0
Jara Shikra 5 9.4783
Medeb Gubda 13 23.322
Total 27 75.61116
In summary, 1041.616 ha of land will be impacted by the project (See Table 5.15)
Table 5.15 Total impacted land
Kebele Private Land (ha) Church Land (ha) Kebele Land (ha) Communal Ineligible (ha) Total (ha)
Farm Grazing Farm Grazing Farm Grazing (ha) Perm. Eroded
Employee
Amestiya 340.8535 7.16176 2.3438 0.05695 0 0 42.81086 2.41813 1.69049 397.33547
Ayvaniva 2.3298 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3298
Jara 134.0878 0 0 0 0 0 9.4783 0 0 143.5661
Shikra
Medeb 468.946 0.8004 0 0 2.7990 0 23.322 2.5168 0 498.3842
Gubda
Total 946.2171 7.96216 2.3438 0.05695 2.799 0 75.61116 4.93493 1.69049 1041.616
Impact on cultural/religious asset: The project does not impact any graveyard, burial ground, tomb, any religious
or sentimental monument etc.
Intangible impacts on the community: These would include:
loss or impeded traditional access/routes: There would be impacts on access points too as the reservoir would
divide villages and Kebeles, and cut across access paths/ gravel roads. Walking distances may increase as
traditional access routes would be longer to health and education facilities;
health impacts: Due to formation of a large body of water, there is likelihood of increase in incidents of water
borne diseases such as Malaria, schistosomiasis (Bilharzia) etc. pose a major risk to the communities living in
the vicinity of the reservoir;
potential accidents: Though a 3.5 meter Buffer zone of land (also acquired) has been provided, creation of an
artificial body of water may result in accidents.
impact on flow of water downstream: Impounding of water in the reservoir following construction of dam shall
impact water flow and in particular cultivation in the downstream kebeles such as Addis Bete Kirstian and
Wetemb in Fogera Woreda which are not part of the command area.
5.4 Impact on vulnerable groups

ESIA report had identified principal vulnerable groups in the area to be female PAPs, landless women. The project
shall impacted 308 women PAHs i.e. asset owners (See Table 5.16).
Table 5.16 No. of affected Female PAHs
Kebele Number of female PAHs
Amisteya 102
Ayvaniva 0
Jara Shikra 47
Medeb gubda 159
Total 308
Source: Asset Inventory Survey SMEC 2012
Number of Female PAHs requiring relocation: Of the total 85 PAPs relocating, 31 are female PAHs i.e. losing
structure (with no balance land or some balance land) and opting to relocate either to woreda urban town centre or to
communal land site. 15 females will be losing everything i.e. structures and becoming houseless and landless (See
Table 5.17).
Table 5.17 Number of female PAHs by impact

Name of Kebele Female PAH Female PAH losing Female PAHs Female PAH losing Total
losing residential Structure losing residential residential
Everything and have balance land Structure have Structure and
(all land and equal or less than one balance land equal balance land
structure) kada29 or less than two greater than or
kada equal to two kada
Amisteya (Rural site) 0 1 0 0 1
Amisteya (Town Centre) 4 0 2 4 10
Ayvaniva 0 0 0 0 0
Jara Shikra 0 1 0 1 2
Medeb Gubda 11 2 4 1 18
15 4 6 6 31
5 females Medebgubda (3), Jarashikra (1) and Amisteya (1) in Medebgubda are also above 65 years of age i.e.
having multiple vulnerabilities. Further break up based on loss of land and structure is provided in Chapter 8 on
Gender Action Plan.
Vulnerable persons classified by vulnerability status of the Head of the Household is presented in Table 5.18 below
by old age (above 65 years) and female PAHs
Table 5.18 Number of vulnerable PAH

Name of Kebele Old aged (above 65 years of age) Female Headed Households Total
Amisteya 34 82 116
Ayvaniva 0 0 0
Jara Shikra 14 41 55
Medeb Gubda 51 54 105
Total* 99 177 276
**multiple vulnerabilities are counted once e.g. female headed household and also above 65 years of age
Source: SMEC 2012
5.5 Potential Impacts on host community

Relocation by the project affected households to new areas within their kebeles or other identified and developed
resettlement sites in urban areas, could lead to the following impacts:
increased pressure on existing services on host population: relocation and resettlement of persons from
reservoir area to the identified resettlement sites either in Woreda Town, communal grazing land shall lead to
increased pressure on the existing services such as water, hand-pumps, etc.; and
conflict between resettled PAPs and host community: the benefits given to the resettled PAPs could create a
sense of disproportionate distribution of economic resources in the host community and might lead to conflicts.
Presently at the Communal land site, only a handful of households living around the area are accessing the
communal grazing land. However these are grazing lands with very limited fodder for the cattle.
At Debre Tabor town site, few houses are present at the identified resettlement site in the Town expansion area.
Basic infrastructure is already available and additional facilities would be provided as part of the site preparation
works. At Ebinat town the site is located in an area with relatively higher density and there are many houses, shops
and government offices. Pressure on available water resources, used for washing, bathing might increase
marginally. In both areas, impacts on host population are likely to increase if many PAHs are involved in the Petty
Trade thereby increasing competition amongst those already established or already long operational. This would
require appropriate counseling to the PAPs by the Contracted IR agency.
Hence, it is advisable to integrate the host community too in creation and maintenance of additional community
resources vides involvement in consultations, group discussions. As part of the site preparation works, facilities if any
identified for augmentation during consultations with host community will be augmented.
5.6 Other temporary impacts

Besides, there could be following temporary impacts:
a) loss or damage to crops or any Common property resource (CPR) as part of construction works, such as
movement of machinery, river diversion; and
b) temporary land take for quarry sites, borrow pits for dam construction i.e. from areas other than already identified
spots.
CHAPTER 6 APPLICABLE LEGAL FRAMEWORK
The Chapter presents a review of legal and regulatory framework applicable to the project. These include
legislations i.e. key constitutional and proclamations provisions, a review to assess their relevance to the project
followed by a comparison of World Bank OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement and Ethiopian legislations. The
Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) formulated for ENIDP and the entitlement framework applicable for mitigation
measures to address impacts relating to Ribb Reservoir scheme are given below:
6.1 National Legislation and Practice

The Project is guided and regulated by the countrys constitutional and policy framework, statutory (proclamations)
and non-statutory (regulations) framework, including relevant administrative instruments (such as directives and
guidelines). These are listed below:
Federal level:
Proclamation No. 1/1995: The Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia;
Proclamation No. 455/2005: Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purposes and Payment for Compensation
Proclamation;
Proclamation No. 456/2005: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Rural Land Administration and Land Use
Proclamation;
Council of Ministers Regulations No. 135/2007: Payment of Compensation for Property Situated on Landholdings
Expropriated for Public Purposes; and
The Resettlement Policy Framework: Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project, June 2007.
Proclamation No. 564/2008: International Development Association Financing Agreement for Irrigation and
Drainage Project Ratification;
Regional level:
Proclamation No. 59/2001: The Revised Constitution of the Amhara National Regional State Approval
Proclamation;
Proclamation No. 133/2006: The Revised Amhara National Regional State Rural Land Administration and Land
Use Proclamation;
Council of Regional Government Regulations No. 51/2007: The Revised Amhara National State Rural Land
Administration and Use System Implementation Regulations;
The Regional (Environmental Protection, Land Administration and Use Authority BoEPLAU) Directive on
Redistribution of Land in Modern Irrigation, 2007; and
The Regional (BoEPLAU) Guideline on Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purpose and Payment of
Compensation, 2009.
Land Acquisition Procedures: The Project is an irrigation development project to be implemented in a rural area
and is thereby public in nature. Land acquisition for the project therefore, regulated by the countrys land tenure
system. According to the Federal Constitution, land is a public property as there is no private ownership of land.
Every farmer30, however, is entitled to have a rural landholding right, for an indefinite period of time. The farmer is
also constitutionally protected from eviction from his/her landholding except for public purpose. Since land is State
owned, it can be reclaimed through declaration of eminent domain without the consent of the individual landholders,
regarded as involuntary resettlement. The procedures for land acquisition are governed by the relevant national
legislation. According to Article 3(1) of Proclamation No. 455/2005, a Woreda Administration is legally empowered to
30 Farmer refers to those termed peasant in legislation.
expropriate landholding in rural areas for public purpose where it believes that it should be used for a better
development project to be carried out by public entities.
The detailed procedure has been provided under Article 4 of this Proclamation, as follows:
determination by the Woreda to expropriate a landholding;
notification, in writing, indicating the time when the land has to be vacated and the amount of compensation to be
paid;
the period of such expropriation notification, as determined by the regional guideline, being 90 days;
handing of the land to the Woreda within 30 days, where there is no crop, perennial crop or other property on the
expropriated land; and
voluntarily handing over of the landholding by the landholder to the Woreda Administration within 90 days from
the date of payment of compensation; or if the landholder refuses to receive the payment, from the date of
deposit of the compensation in the blocked bank account in the name of the Woreda;
Land for Land Compensation: The planned RIDP is for public purpose i.e. to irrigate approximately 14,460 ha of
land in the command area for approximately 11500 farming households across 19 kebeles. The development of the
irrigation land is directly benefiting the people living in the command area. Constitutionally, land in Ethiopia is extra
commercium, meaning that land is not subject to sale or to other means of exchange. Land is not subject to private
ownership only to a private landholding right for an indefinite period of time therefore there is no payment of financial
compensation in respect of land. Remedies relative to land may take the following form:
land substitution/replacement,
land redistribution, and/or
land consolidation.
This has been provided as per relevant land administration and use laws, and expropriation of land for public purpose
and payment of compensation laws of the Federal Government and the Regional State. Based on the Federal
Constitution, the federal government has enacted Proclamation No. 456/2005 for the purpose of providing a legal
framework for rural land administration and use. The Proclamation provides the following:
acquisition and use of rural land by farmers freely;
duration of land use right of farmers having no time limit;
redistribution of land in case of irrigable land;
the right to get equitable benefit from irrigation development to be established;
determination of minimum rural landholding size and encouraging land consolidation; and
empowerment of regions to enact land administration and use law.
Based on Proclamation No. 456/2005, the Regional State has promulgated Proclamation No. 133/2006 and
Regulations No. 51/2007, to regulate rural land administration and use, including expropriation of rural land for public
purpose and payment of compensation. The Regional Proclamation and Regulations provide the following:
a land administration system based on public participation;

to give priority to women, the disabled, and orphaned children during the time of land distribution;
rural land will not to be expropriated unless it is to be used for public purpose;
exceptionally allowing the distribution of irrigable land to various users;
a minimum area of plot of land to be cultivable by rain or irrigation to be determined by regulations;
no person shall be expropriated from his/her holding without his/her consent, unless for the purpose of public
interest;
any land to be cultivated by modern irrigation may, causing the acquisition of proper share of the previous
landholder, be distributed;
a farmer or semi-pastoralist whose land is taken by distribution shall, priory be paid compensation through the
person to whom his/her land is to be given for permanent assets s/he cultivated on decreased land;
the landholders, on whose land the irrigation infrastructure and water dam are built, shall be provided with
irrigable land substitution, and be paid compensation priory which it may be substituted by the would-be dam
users for their assets cultivated on their land; and
consolidating individual farmers landholding in case of redistribution of irrigation land.
The Regional (Environmental Protection, Land Administration and Use Authority BOEPLAU) Directive on
Redistribution of Land in Modern Irrigation, 2007: To achieve implement article 14/1 of the regions proclamation
on rural land administration and use (Proclamation No. 133/98) which states that land must be redistributed to
farmers that lose their land for the construction of irrigation schemes, manual was based on the authoritys
responsibility to make the process of irrigation land redistribution transparent and fair, to create a conducive
environment for the direct participation of the society in the redistribution, to clearly put the duties and responsibilities
of the different bodies which will be involved in the land redistribution. Based on proclamation no. 133/98- article
14/1, any land to be developed through modern irrigation can be redistributed after compensating the pervious
landholder in advance. The objective of the irrigation land redistribution is to give substitute land to the farmers who
have given their land for the irrigation infrastructure construction through proportional land contribution by all land
users.
Further as per the directive, as crop production would be impacted during the construction period, the owner of the
land will be paid the estimated value of the annual production of the land as compensation until he/she gets a
substitute land. The compensation will be starting from the year in which the land is taken and will continue till the
time construction in the area is completed and a new plot of land is made available. In addition to compensation for
loss of production till substitute land is given, the following shall be the rights of the irrigation land holder in addition to
the rights given to other rural land holders by law:
1. The right to use the irrigation land and access to water based on the regulation of the irrigation water users
association.
2. The right to attend meetings by irrigation land holders and the right to vote and be elected.
3. The right to get professional support and advice.
Also, in addition to the obligations imposed on other rural land holders by law, irrigation land holders have the
following obligations:
1. To use the irrigation water properly and economically.
2. To implement new irrigation technologies based on the advice given by experts.
3. To properly nurture the irrigated land.
4. To respect the boundaries of the lands obtained through redistribution and not to erase boundary signs.
5. To protect, clean and maintain the irrigation canals.
6. To actively participate in the activities of the watershed development.
7. Not to cultivate crops that, are prohibited by experts because they are deemed to cause harm on irrigation water
use or neighboring irrigation users.
8. Not to leave the lands idle, unless it is meant for naturally recovering the fertility of the land.
9. To fulfill obligations of sharing costs of the irrigation project construction stated in the agreement.
10. To avoid reduction of production and productivity due to failure to provide the additional inputs that are
necessary for land developed through modern irrigation.
Financial Compensation: According to the Federal Constitution, ownership right to private property has been
recognized and protected. Private property shall mean any tangible or intangible product that has value and is
produced by the labour, creativity, enterprise or capital of an individual citizen. The government may expropriate
private property for public purposes subject, however, to payment in advance of compensation commensurate to the
value of the property. Legally, compensation could be in cash or in kind or both. For this purpose, specific framework
legislation Proclamation 455/2005 has been enacted by the federal government and to implement the provisions of
this proclamation, Regulations No. 135/2007 have been issued.
According to these laws, private property may have the following forms:
tangible or intangible;
the tangibles are further classified into movable or immovable;
the immovable may constitute buildings and other structures on the land, including annual and perennial crops
and other trees; and
Permanent improvements made on the land by labour or capital.
The principle of compensation rests on replacement cost. This may apply to different types of compensation. The
following are legally recognized types of compensation:
for property on the land .
for structures: buildings and fences and other structures, if any .
for other properties: annual crops, perennial crops, trees, protected grass .
permanent improvement on the land .
for a property that could be relocated and continue its service;
displacement compensation;
displacement compensation for land used for crops and perennial crops is classified into two types i.e. the
provision of replacement land or not;
o a rural landholder whose landholding has been permanently expropriated shall be paid displacement
compensation which shall be equivalent to ten times the average annual income secured during the five
years preceding the expropriation of land;
o where the woreda administration confirms that a substitute land which can be easily ploughed and
generate comparable income is available for the landholder, the compensation to be paid shall only be
equivalent to the average annual income secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of
the land
displacement compensation for protected grass or grazing land. This type of compensation has further been
divided into two, the classification being based on the provision of replacement land or not;
displacement compensation for provisional expropriation of rural land;
compensation for various properties
compensation for burial ground;
Rehabilitation Assistance: According to both the federal and regional Constitutions, all people who have been
displaced or whose livelihoods have been adversely affected as a result of State programmes have the right to
commensurate monetary or alternative means of compensation, including relocation with adequate State assistance.
The regional BoEPLAU Guideline for Payment of Compensation in case of expropriation of landholding for public
purpose takes cognizance of that payment of compensation alone is not expected to rehabilitate landholders evicted
from their land holding for public interest. It proposes for support on the preparation of alterative livelihoods to
landholders evicted. Hence Woreda administrations are responsible for to avail alternatives for the sustainable
rehabilitation of landholders and provide counseling and support.
For those with remaining plot of land: It proposes that problems and needs of farmers will be identified and they will
be advised on their choices. It also recognizes that situation of land holders who can be rehabilitated on the
remaining plot of land is different from who are totally evicted. Hence WoARD is to assist farmers to get better
agricultural extension services than other farmers, to use various integrated agricultural package alternatives, to
design mechanisms of accessing input supply at reasonable price.
For those landholders who do not have remaining land following clearance of lands and wish to resettle in other
areas: For these, the following efforts shall be made:
the PAPs problems and needs will be studied and they shall be counselled in accordance;
if there is employment opportunity for the landholders and family members in the projects undertaken on the
expropriated land, efforts shall be made to employ them in consultation with the concerned officials of the
wereda and implementers of the project;
if there are unoccupied or free lands because of different reasons or if agreement is reached to grant substitute
land from among the common land in the kebele for these PAPs by convincing the community which uses the
common land, such land will be distributed among such holders and they will be assisted to have better land use
and productivity on the land they are granted.
also to give them plot of land to establish microfinances in the kebele and to provide counseling services to
make their business profitable;
Consultation and advisory work will be made to the PAPs based on micro trade and industry projects such as
grinding mill, various shops, restaurant, tea rooms, etc. that could be undertaken in the area by the people.
All such activities would be monitored periodically and advice provided so that the persons will engage in activities
which are profitable until they become fully rehabilitated.
Proclamation No. 564/2008: An agreement was signed between the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and
the International Development Association for financing Irrigation and Drainage project. The Agreement signed on
the 13th of July 2007 was ratified by the proclamation No. 564/2008. The Proclamation empowers the Ministry of
Finance and Economic Development to undertake all acts necessary for the utilization of the loan amount in
accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in the financing Agreement. The Agreement itself articulates that
the project consists of irrigation development, agricultural and market development, irrigation management, and
project management in the form of various assistance and support in the development and implementation of a
monitoring and evaluation framework and a management information system for the Project. The financing
agreement besides presenting details on the project management also places some safeguards by requiring the GoE
to ensure that the Project is implemented in accordance with the ESMF, RPF and the relevant national legal and
policy requirements. Other safeguards include, inter alia, preparing Resettlement Action Plan acceptable to the
Association (the Resettlement Action Plan), which plan shall be consistent with the provisions of the Resettlement
Policy Framework). Also immediately thereafter and before commencement of the civil works the RAP shall be
implemented in accordance with term and in a manner acceptable to the Association.
Rights of Women in Ethiopia: The Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (1995) promotes gender
equality and the rights of women, as does local legislation, encouraging the principles of equality and participation of
all. Equality and the rights of women referred to in the Constitution include:
Article 25: Right to Equality: All persons are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to the
equal protection of the law. In this respect, the law shall guarantee to all peoples equal and effective protection
without discrimination on grounds of sex or other status.
Article 35: Rights of Women: Women shall, in the enjoyment of rights and protections provided for by this
Constitution, have equal right with men.
Women have equal rights with men in marriage as prescribed by this Constitution (reiterated in Article 34,
Marital, Personal and Family Rights: Men and women have equal rights while entering into, during marriage
and at the time of divorce).
The historical legacy of inequality and discrimination suffered by women in Ethiopia taken into account, women,
in order to remedy this legacy, are entitled to affirmative measures. The purpose of such measures shall be to
provide special attention to women so as to enable them to compete and participate on the basis of equality with
men in political, social and economic life as well as in public and private institutions.
The State shall enforce the right of women to eliminate the influences of harmful customs. Laws, customs and
practices that oppress or cause bodily or mental harm to women are prohibited.
Women have the right to full consultation in the formulation of national development policies, the designing and
execution of projects, and particularly in the case of projects affecting the interests of women (reiterated in Article
43, The Right to Development).
Women have the right to acquire, administer, control, use and transfer property. In particular, they have equal
rights with men with respect to use, transfer, administration and control of land. They shall also enjoy equal
treatment in the inheritance of property.
Women shall have a right to equality in employment, promotion, pay (reiterated in Article 42, Rights of Labour:
Women workers have the right to equal pay for equal work).
According to Article 13, the fundamental rights and freedoms shall be interpreted in a manner conforming to the
principles of the UDHR, International Covenants on Human Rights, and international instruments adopted by
Ethiopia.
Article 89 Economic Objectives:

Government has the duty to ensure that all Ethiopians get equal opportunity to improve their economic condition
and to promote equitable distribution of wealth among them
Government has the duty to hold, on behalf of the People, land and other natural resources and to deploy them
for their common benefit and development.
Government shall at all times promote the participation of the People in the formulation of national development
policies and programmes; it shall also have the duty to support the initiatives of the People in their development
endeavours.
Government shall ensure the participation of women in equality with men in all economic and social development
endeavours.
Grievance Redressal: Disputes or grievances may arise during the resettlement & compensation payment process.
The grievance or dispute could be between the relevant PAP & the local government that takes the land, measures &
which values properties, through Valuation Committee, and pays compensation. The PAPs shall have a
constitutional right to justice. According to Articles 37(1) of the Federal & Regional Constitutions, everyone has the
right to bring a justiciable matter to, and to obtain a decision or judgment by, a court of law or any other competent
body with judicial power.
Accordingly, the grievance procedure has been provided under the following policy, legal & administrative
documents. The procedure regulates on which aspect of the resettlement & rehabilitation process a complaint is to
be submitted, to which institutions to be submitted same, the time framework within which to submit, preconditions to
be fulfilled to submit same and so forth. The applicable legal, policy & administrative documents, generally, are the
following.
as per Article 11 of the (federal) Proclamation No. 455/2005;
as per Article 12 of the (federal) Proclamation No. 456/2005;
as per Article 29 of the (regional) Proclamation No. 133/2006;
as per the (regional) Proclamation No. 148/ 2007;
as per Article 33 of the (regional) Regulations No. 51/2007;
as per Article 29 of the BoEPLAU Guideline;
6.2 World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.12) on Involuntary Resettlement

The Banks policy recognizes that involuntary resettlement may cause severe long-term hardship, impoverishment,
and environmental damage unless appropriate measures are carefully planned and carried out. For these reasons,
the overall objectives of the Banks policy on involuntary resettlement are the following:
(a) Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project
designs.
(b) Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as
sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the persons displaced
by the project to share in project benefits. Displaced persons should be meaningfully consulted and should have
opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs.
(c) Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at
least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of
project implementation, whichever is higher.
(d) Share information, consult and involve PAPs and local persons from preparation stage in issues of land
acquisition, loss of livelihood and in identifying social issues likely to arise during project implementation;
(e) Pay special attention to marginalized and vulnerable groups and secure their participation;
(f) Ensure payment of compensation and assistance to PAPs at replacement cost, prior to any displacement or start
of civil works;
The OP describes World Bank policies and procedures on involuntary resettlement as well as conditions that
borrowers are expected to meet during operations involving resettlement of affected groups. It requires an
entitlement framework aimed at restoration of affected livelihoods, replacement, and participation of and consultation
with affected groups. A detailed social assessment and development of an action plan having list of measures for
betterment/ restoration of lost assets/ income is required to be submitted to bank before start of project work. Further
it requires that appropriate monitoring and evaluation be carried to ensure achievement of project objectives.
6.3 Comparison between GoE legislations and WB OP 4.12

Prior to 2005, no specific legal framework existed relating to expropriation and compensation. In 2005, however,
Proclamation No 455/2005 Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation
Proclamation was promulgated. This introduced a legal framework within which resettlement activities must be
conducted, and brought Ethiopian legislation more in line with international best practice requirements. Despite this,
there were still some differences between the national Ethiopian legislation and the World Bank Policy OP 4.12.
These relate to the general principles for resettlement, eligibility criteria, the notification period for expropriation and
resettlement, and the procedures required throughout the resettlement process.
The first main difference is that according to OP 4.12, resettlement should be avoided whenever possible, while
national legislation states that expropriation of land will be done when deemed necessary for public purposes. The
second difference relates to eligibility, that OP 4.12 entitles those who have formal rights, claims to land and no
recognizable legal right, to compensation, while national legislation entitles only those who are landholders with
legal possession of the land and who own property thereon. Another key difference is the notification period required.
National legislation requires that property must be handed over 90 days after compensation has been paid, while OP
4.12 requires that displacement must not occur before necessary measures for resettlement are in place. Table 6.1
sets out the differences between Ethiopian legislation and the World Bank OP 4.12.
Table 6.1 Comparison between Government of Ethiopias Legislation and World Banks OP 4.12
Theme World Bank OP 4.12 Ethiopian Legislation Comparison
Policy Objective World Bank OP 4.12 has overall policy objectives, Proclamation No 455/2005 (Article 3(1)) gives power The World Bank requirement for avoidance or minimisation of
requiring that: to Woreda urban administration to expropriate rural involuntary resettlement is not written into Ethiopian
Involuntary resettlement should be avoided or urban landholdings for public purpose where it legislation. However, this is expected to be made clear in the
wherever possible, or minimised, exploring all believes that it should be used for a better Regulations and Guidelines to be developed in association
alternatives development This is supported by Article 51(5) with Proclamation No 455/2005. Proclamation No 455/2005
Resettlement programs should be and Article 40(8) of the 1995 Constitution. does not require consultation with displaced persons
sustainable, include meaningful consultation Proclamation No 455/2005 (Article 7(5)) states that throughout the resettlement process, rather it only allows for
with affected parties, and provide benefits to the cost of removal, transportation and erection a complaints and grievance process. Also, although
the affected parties shall be paid as compensation for a property that Proclamation No 455/2005 allows for some form of support
Displaced persons should assisted in could be relocated and continue its service as to the displaced persons, it does not explicitly state that
improving livelihoods etc, or at least restoring before. livelihoods should be restored to previous levels or
them to previous levels improved.
Eligibility for World Bank OP 4.12 gives eligibility to: Proclamation No 455/2005, Article 7(1) allows According to World Bank OP 4.12, eligibility for
Compensation those who have formal legal rights to landholders to be eligible for compensation, where compensation is granted to all affected parties. Ethiopian
land (including customary and traditional the term landholder (Article 2(3)) means an Legislation only grants compensation to those with lawful
rights recognized under the laws of the individual, government or private organisation or possession of the land and, as per Proclamation No 456,
country); any other organ which has legal personality and those with traditional possession i.e. on communal land. It
those who do not have formal legal rights has lawful possession over the land to be therefore does not recognize those without a legal right or
to land at the time the census begins but expropriated and owns property situated thereon. claim as eligible for compensation. It therefore does not
have a claim to such land or assets Proclamation No 456/255; Article 6(1) accepts the recognize those without a legal right or claim as eligible for
provided that such claims are recognized existence of communal land. compensation, but however such PAPs can be considered
under the laws of the country or become as Conditionally Eligible till the time they go through a formal
recognized through a process identified in process and clarifying their eligibility as per national
the resettlement plan, but have a claim to guidelines.
such land; and
those who do not have recognisable legal
right or claim to the land
Compensation OP 4.12 Article 6(a) requires that displaced Article 7 of Proclamation No 455/2005 entitles the The World Bank requirement for compensation and valuation
persons are provided with prompt and effective landholder to compensation for the property on the of assets is that compensation and relocation must result in
compensation at full replacement cost for losses of land on the basis of replacement cost; and the affected person having property and livelihood returned to
assets attributable directly to the project. If physical permanent improvements to the land, equal to the them to at least equivalent standards as before. This is not
relocation is an impact, displaced persons must be value of capital and labor expended. required in Ethiopian law. Rural landholders are not
provided with assistance during relocation and Where property is on urban land, compensation compensated for rental housing during relocation. Provisions
residential housing, housing sites and/or may not be less than constructing a single room of urban landholders is not directly relevant in this specific
agricultural sites to at least equivalent standards as low-cost house as per the region in which it is sub-project
the previous site. Replacement cost does not take located. It also requires that the cost of removal,
depreciation into account. In terms of valuing transportation and erection will be paid as
assets, if the residual of the asset being taken is compensation for a relocated property continuing its
not economically viable, compensation and service as before. Valuation formulae are to be
assistance must be provided as if the entire asset provided by regulations.
had been taken.
Valuation and With regard to land and structures, replacement Article 8 of Proclamation No 455/2005 allows for Compensation according to the World Bank is broader and
Amount of cost is defined as follows: For agricultural land it rural landholders whose landholdings have been ensures that all property and inputs to livelihoods are taken
Displacement is the pre-project or pre-displacement, whichever permanently expropriated to be paid compensation into account, including the costs associated with developing
Compensation is higher, market value of land of equal productive according to Article 7 (above), as well as new livelihoods to the same standards or better.
potential or use located in vicinity of the affected displacement compensation equivalent to ten times Ethiopian legislation relating to rural landholders is relatively
land, plus the cost of preparing the land to levels the annual average secured during the five years fair, and will be expanded upon by the regulations to be
similar to those of the affected land, plus the cost preceding the expropriation of land. Where the promulgated. Provisions of urban landholders is not directly
of any registration and transfer taxes. landholding has been provisionally expropriated, relevant in this specific sub-project
For land in urban areas, it is the pre-displacement the annual average income shall also be applied,
market value of land of equal size and use, with but only until possession of the land, but not
similar or improved public infrastructure facilities exceeding 10 years. If equivalent substitute land is
and services, and located in the vicinity of the available, this shall equal the average annual
affected land, plus the cost of any registration and income.
transfer taxes. Article 9 requires that the valuation of property is
For houses and other structures, it is the market carried out by a certified private or public institution
cost of the materials to build a replacement or private consultant as per the valuation formulae
structure with an area and quality similar to or as mentioned above. Until these regulations are
better than those of the affected structure, plus promulgated, a Valuation Committee will undertake
the cost of transporting building materials to the the task. The committee must be made up of
construction site, plus the cost of any labour and experts with relevant qualifications. This must be
contractors fees, plus the cost of any registration designated by the Woreda Administration. A
and transfer taxes. specialized committee of experts may also be set
up separately if required. (Committee procedures
will be determined by directives).

Notification OP4.12 requires that the resettlement activities Article 4 of Proclamation No 455/2005 requires The proclamation, by any means, does not allow
Period/Timing of associated with a subproject are linked to the notification in writing, with details of timing and expropriation of land before compensation is paid. It
Displacement implementation of the EIDP programme to ensure compensation, which cannot be less than 90 days requires the holder to hand over the land within 90 days
that displacement or restriction of access does not from notification. It requires that land should be from the date of payment of compensation. If he refuses to
occur before necessary measures for resettlement handed over within 90 days of payment of receive the payment, from the date of deposit of the
are in place. In particular, taking of land and compensation should the leaseholder accept compensation in a blocked bank account in the name of the
related assets may take place only after payment. If there is no crop or other property on the woreda administration as may be appropriate. Howevver it
compensation has been paid, and, where land, it must be handed over within 30 days of does not specify necessary measures for resettlement have
applicable resettlement sites and moving notice of expropriation. It further gives power to taken place, such as alternative relocation site, etc. This can
allowances have been provided to displaced seize the land through police force should the have serious consequences for those affected, as they may
persons. landholder be unwilling to hand over the land. be displaced without shelter or livelihood. Hence the
scheduling of activities need to be incorporated in the RAP
Responsibilities According to OP 4.12 (including Articles 14 and Article 5 of Proclamation No 455/2005 sets out the The process required for the project proponent/
of the Project 18), the borrower is responsible for conducting a responsibilities of the implementing agency, implementing agency is very much less according to
Proponent census and preparing, implementing, and requiring them to gather data on the land needed Ethiopian Legislation. This does not require the
monitoring the appropriate resettlement and the works, and to send these to the appropriate implementing agency to undergo a planning process (e.g.
instrument. Article 24 states that the borrower is officials for permission. It also requires them to pay RAP) or a certain process for implementation, and for
also responsible for an adequate monitoring and compensation to affected landholders. monitoring and evaluating whether the resettlement has
evaluation instrument. In addition, upon been successful. Hence needs to be incorporated/planned
completion of the project, the borrower must for this sub-project.
undertake an assessment to determine whether
the objectives of the resettlement instrument have
been achieved. This must all be done according to
the requirements of OP 4.12. that requires that the
borrower informs potentially displaced persons at
an early stage about the resettlement aspects of
the project and takes their views into account in
project design.
From the above, the key operational differences relate to i) eligibility of PAP and ii) notification regarding
displacement. The RAP takes cognizance of these two aspects and provides for compensation for
affected persons as identified in the asset inventory survey and also the notification regarding displacement.
Eligibility: With consideration given to World Bank policy, for this RAP project eligibility has been
determined primarily through applying national legislation, in consultation with the Client and other
stakeholders, including BOEPLAU and local government administration. Eligibility was defined in terms of
declaring the legal status or relationship of each PAP to land and/or properties on the land.
a) Eligible PAPs are those PAPs, with clear possession of land in the land holding book and therefore
are fully eligible for all compensation and rehabilitation measures;
b) Conditionally eligible PAPs are those PAPs who at the time of verification and preparation of RAP
document were having the following:
wrong certificate number is indicated or is missing all together. This should first be checked
before payment.
Name (given, paternal or grandfather
name) doubtful.
Not issued with landholding certificate yet.
The persons in the conditionally eligible category shall go through the formal process of clarifying their eligibility
as per national guidelines and consistent with OP 4.12 and be categorized as eligible upon meeting
requirements. Then they too shall be entitled to all compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation measures and
the process for same would be completed before commencement of compensation payments.
6.4 Resettlement Policy Framework

The RPF for ENIDP has been formulated on basis of GoE legislations and also on World Banks OP 4.12 on
Involuntary Resettlement. It is based on the basic principle that resettlement should be avoided where feasible,
or minimized, exploring all possible alternatives for project design. Where resettlement cannot be avoided,
measures shall be taken to ensure that displaced persons are effectively consulted and have opportunities to
take part in the planning and implementation of the programs. In addition, displaced persons will be assisted and
adequately compensated such that their livelihoods and standards of living are improved or at least restored to
previous levels. This will relate to all people directly affected by the ENIDP subprojects, due to the involuntary
taking of land and other assets. Measures to address resettlement shall ensure that project affected peoples are
informed about their options and rights pertaining to resettlement, included in the consultation process and given
the opportunity to participate in the selection of technically and economically feasible alternatives. They will also
be provided prompt and effective compensation at full replacement cost for losses of assets and access
attributable to the subproject(s).
The entitlement provisions listed below in Table 6.2 for Reservoir project are based upon RPF prepared for the
entire ENIDP project and substantively address the minimum requirements as per the agreed Resettlement
Policy Framework (RPF) that was approved by the World Bank in 2007 and disclosed at Banks Infoshop.
Table 6.2 Entitlement framework
Category of Unit of Type of Details of Entitlement
Loss Entitlement Entitlement
Permanent Loss Titleholder/ Displacement a) shall be paid for the loss equivalent to ten times the
of Land household compensation for average annual income s/he secured during the five
(All eligible and ten years years preceding the expropriation of the land. Where the
conditionally + land is used to grow perennial crops, the average annual
eligible31 Income yield is multiplied by the number of years required to
persons) generation attain the level of growth of the perennial crops.
support b) Additionally, compensation is given for the labour
31but subsequently certified vide the formal process of certification as per Ethiopian regulations but prior to commencement of
compensation payments

measures as per required to replant the crops/ to prepare the replacement
preference in land at prevailing market rates
case of loss of c) Compensation shall be determined by computing the
livelihood/income machinery, material and labour costs incurred for
clearing, leveling and terracing the land, including the
costs of a water reservoir and other agricultural
infrastructural works
d) The labour cost for preparing replacement land is
calculated on what it would cost a farmer to clear and
create replacement land. This value is based on adding
together the average costs of clearing, plowing, sowing,
weeding twice, and harvesting the crop
e) Labour costs will be paid in Ethiopian Birr at the
prevailing market rates as per activity.
Kebele Displacement f) shall be paid for the loss equivalent to ten times the
administration compensation for average annual income secured during the five years
ten years preceding the expropriation of the land. Where the land
is used to grow perennial crops, the average annual yield
is multiplied by the number of years required to attain the
level of growth of the perennial crops
Temporary Loss Titleholder, Compensation Compensation for loss of income based on the average
of Land household annual income secured during the five years preceding
(All eligible and the expropriation of the land until repossession of land;
conditionally but not exceeding ten times the average annual income
eligible persons) secured during the five years preceding the expropriation
of the land;
Compensation will be paid for the number of years the
Kebele landholder will not be in possession of the land.
administration The clearing body is obliged to undertake rehabilitation
and environmental protection works so that the land can
render its previous service to the holder at the time of its
return.
Fully impacted Titleholder, Replacement a) In case of fully impacted residential structure, having
house and other household compensation other residential structure and alternate plot to resettle in
structures (replacing or the vicinity:
(kitchen, toilet, rebuilding The amount shall be determined on the basis of replacement
cattle shed) structures on cost of the property. The amount of compensation is
substitute determined on the basis of the current cost (including material
replacement land and labour costs) per square meter or unit for constructing a
OR comparable building. In addition, cost of permanent
shift to identified improvement on the land is taken into consideration. The
resettlement site compensation includes:
The current cost for constructing floor tiles of the
compound, septic tank and other structures attached to
the building; and
The estimated cost for demolishing, lifting, reconstructing,
installing and connecting utility lines of the building.
The owner of a building shall have the right to claim
compensation for the entire building by surrendering the
total land in his possession where part of the building is
ordered to be removed.
Compensation shall be paid only for the demolished part
of a building where the owner prefers to use the
unwanted part of the land.
If property can be relocated compensation is equivalent
to the cost of removal, transportation and erection. The

material, labour, administrative and other expenses are
taken into account.
Owners should be allowed to salvage material from the
site even if it is compensated for.
Additional supervision support shall be given by the
Woreda engineer in reconstruction of residential
structures
Vulnerable PAPs shall be supported in relocation (in kind)
from original site to the resettlement site
b) In case of fully impacted residential structure, having
no other residential structure or alternate plot to resettle
in the vicinity
opting to shift to urban areas shall be provided with
o plots (200 sq.mtrs) at the resettlement site in
Debre-Tabor while Ebinat Woreda displaced
persons would be provided with plots (250
sq.mtrs) in Ebinat Woreda town centre, free of
charge. Permanent holdinng certificates shall be
provided by the Woredas for these plots.
o Resettlement sites will be equipped/ provided with
basic services such as provision of water,
electricity, improved access roads. They should
be in proximity to social service institutions such
as schools, health post/centre and availability of
water
o Vulnerable PAPs would be supported in relocation
(in kind) from original site to the alternate site
opting to shift to communal land resettlement site
would be provided with
o plots (500 sq.mtrs) at the resettlement site
o would be in proximity to social service institutions
such as schools, health post/centre and
availability of water
o Temporary land certificates shall be provided by
the Woredas for these plots Owners should be
allowed to salvage material from the site even if it
is compensated for.
o Additional supervision support shall be given by
the Woreda engineer in reconstruction of
residential structures
o Vulnerable PAPs would be supported in relocation
(in kind) from original site to the alternate site
Loss of eligible PAP preference in work opportunities with dam construction
livelihood/.income works (if still in the area)
alternate land or non-land based income generation
activities; including training, based on preference and
skill assessment by a professional service provider; and
support will be delivered for a period at least upto to 5
years;
Economic Rehabilitation Grant (ETB 10000 i.e. MAW
ETB 65 x 25 days/month x 6 months) shall be payable in
three installements to be released as per terms to those
with balance landholdings of less than 2 kadas;
Training Grant of ETB 500 for other PAPs but payable
directly to the Training Agency

Fences Structure owner, Replacement Compensation shall be included in buildings and shall be
Family compensation determined by calculating the current cost per square meter or
included in the unit cost required for constructing a similar fence.
buildings
Perennial Crops Titleholder, Compensation compensation for unripe perennial crops shall be
(mango, coffee, landholder, as per directive determined by calculating the estimated cost for growing
gesho ) Family the plants.
Cost of permanent improvement on the land will also be
taken into account.
The amount of compensation for ripe perennial crops
shall be determined on the basis of the average annual
yield, the current market price of the crops and the cost of
permanent improvement on land
Subsistence Titleholder, Compensation Cost of permanent improvement on the land will also be
crops (Teff, Family as per directive taken into account.
Maize, Wheat) The highest value of the previous year, corrected for
inflation is taken to determine compensation for
subsistence crops.
Fruit Crops Titleholder, , Compensation For standing crops at the time of Project
(Trees) Family as per directive implementation, annual crops shall be based on the
current market price of the estimated production that
could have been harvested from the damaged crop
Valuation of ripe crops (trees): productivity of last 5
years averaged and multiplied for 10 years. Unripe
crops: Labor and material cost to bring about the tree to
that level plus cost for permanent improvement to the
land.
The owner of trees may, in lieu of compensation, cut
and collect the trees within the period fixed by law.
Protected Grass Individual Compensation compensation determined on the basis of the
landholders as per directives productivity of the land and the current market price of
the grass per square meter. The owner of protected
grass may, in lieu of compensation, cut and gather the
grass within the period fixed by law
Losses faced by Titleholder , Additional Vulnerable households shall be given:
Vulnerable Family support plot at advantageous location in the resettlement site that
households measures is located closest to social service institutions,
would be supported in relocation (in kind) from original
site to the alternate site
additional support in the form of design, labor to
reconstruct their houses;
enrollment in food security program;and
preference (to other able bodied membess in the
household) in work opportunities with dam construction
works (if still in the area)
Communal communal land Displacement Equivalent to ten times the average annual income secured
Protected Grass holders Compensation during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land;
or Grazing Land fodder development program,
For accidental Titleholder, Compensation Any loss of or damage to crop on unaffected parcel of the PAP
loss or damage to family or adjacent plot holders (Non-PAP), due to diversion of river
crops or any Kebele water for dam construction purpose, will be reported to the
Common Grievance committee that is operational for appropriate inquiry
property resource and assessment. If found genuine, it shall recommend
(CPR) during commensurate payment as per applicable rates for the
construction damaged crop to the affected person. Incase of CPR,

compensate the kebele by replacing the asset.
for temporary Titleholder, Compensation in case there are new areas are required and identified
land take for family outside the zone on a temporary basis, a contractual
quarry sites, kebele agreement (in written) between the PAP and Contractor for
borrow pits for the said period
dam construction
Any Other Titleholder, Compensation Unforeseen impacts should be documented and mitigative
Impacts related to family measures have to be proposed within the overall principles &
loss of assets/ provisions of RPF
livelihood not
identified at this
stage
Calculation of compensation is the same which is presented as follows.
Nature of Compensation Calculation of Compensation

Compensation for house/store/ barn and other The current construction cost (material + labour + financial cost) +
works costs for permanent improvement of the land (clearing + land leveling
+ stone clearing + other land developments) + refund for the
remaining lease period (for a leased land)
Compensation for crops [Size of Meher land (in ha) x productivity per ha x market price of the
crop (Birr/ quintal)] + costs for permanent land improvement + [size of
Belg land (in ha x productivity per ha x market price of the crop (Birr/
quintal )(for only Belg growers)] + [irrigation development
compensation will be paid only to landholders that produce twice and
more in a year.]
Compensation for young permanent crops that [No. of crops(legs) x estimated labour and material cost for each
havent started giving yield. crop] + cost for permanent land improvement
Compensation for permanent plantation which [The annual production of a plantation (in Kg) x the current market
started yield price of the permanent plantation x the number of trees per ha x ha] +
cost for the permanent improvement of the land.
Compensation for trees other than eucalyptus [The type of tree for instance acacia (large No. of trees x unit price) +
(medium No. of trees x unit price) + (small No. of trees x unit price)] +
[if tree is Wanza (large No. of trees x unit price) + (medium No. of
trees x unit price) + (small No. of trees x unit price)] +
Compensation for Eucalyptus or similar tree (No. of beam x unit price) + (No. of ridges x unit price) + (No. of poles
planted for firewood or construction x unit price) + (No. of bunches x unit price) + (No. of transferred and
grown seedling x unit price) + (No. of roots x unit price)
Compensation for removable property/structures Cost for removing the property + transport cost + re-plantation cost
(i.e replacement cost for structures the amount of resources
needed to construct new structure similar in type and size is
considered and translated into money. During computation local
prices where the original structure existed is considered).
Mitigation measures and the applicable processes for compensation, relocation and approach to livelihood and
income restoration are detailed in Chapters 7 & 8.
CHAPTER 7 MITIGATION MEASURES AND PROCESSES
The overall objective of RAP is to ensure that PAPs are not worse off than before and on the contrary, actually
benefit from the project. Resettlement and Livelihood and Income Restoration of PAHs who have lost their key
economic asset in part or in full require comprehensive planning and effective implementation in order to address
the key impoverishment risks that shall invariably be an outcome of land expropriation. The risks will be:
Landlessness: expropriation of land takes away their key economic asset and the main source of income
and livelihood;
Homelessness: loss of housing takes away a secure feeling of a shelter;
Marginalization: having known only farming and land based activities, lack of land as an asset particularly for
PAHs rendered landless or with minor balance landholdings, will mean lowering of their social status within
their community. Further their lack of other skills, knowledge on how to react to such situations could
enhance the feeling of lack of worth;
Food insecurity: Farming practiced by these farmers had all along ensured food for the family members.
Post land expropriation, though given full displacement compensation, PAPs shall experience a sense of
food insecurity;
Increased morbidity and mortality: Continued presence near large body of reservoir water leading to
increase in vector borne diseases is another risk. Additional unsafe water supply, particularly at relocation
sites and stress could impact PAHs, particularly those vulnerable;
Social disarticulation: relocation from original habitation to another location, leaving support systems behind,
having to adjust to host community shall be a challenge unless the resettlement is in close proximity or if
PAHs chose to resettle with other relatives, friends, etc.
Hence in order to achieve the RAP objective a development package is proposed that takes cognizance of these
risks and appropriately lays down the income restoration measures to be within a definite time period . Figure 7.1
presents a schematic representation of the same.
Impoverishment risk Actions to address the risk

Landlessness land related rehabilitation to the extent possible with adequate
support measures, by identifying other lands
Homelessness Ensuring a shelter/home at the resettlement sites preferred

Marginalization Provision of: Knowledge through information dissemination and
consultation (for PAPs and wider kebele community) and
requisite skills to PAHs
Food insecurity Enrolment in existing government programs or provision of food
for a mutually agreed period
Increased morbidity and Appropriate measures targeted at PAPs as well as the rest of the
mortality community indirectly affected community
Social disarticulation Appropriate planning when counselling and effective monitoring

and redressal of grievances
Figure 7.1 Project induced risks and potential actions32
32 Source: Micheal Cerneas Impoverishment Risks, Risk Management, and Reconstruction Model
The chapter presents the impact mitigation strategy and details the specific mitigation measures for impacts
experienced by PAHs and the kebele communities. It then presents the preferences of relocation as indicated by
the PAHs, followed by the relocation plan that includes an assessment of the identified resettlement sites,
process for planning and allotment of resettlement sites and dismantling and relocation. It concludes by
presenting the process of compensation and land handing over and key measures such as Training and
preparation of RAP database for RAP implementation.
7.1 Impact Mitigation Strategy

Devising the mitigation strategy for the directly and indirectly affected PAHs is further compounded by the low
level of literacy of PAHs and their limited exposure to non-farming activities. Therefore to address this challenge
the strategy aims to cover both those directly affected PAPs who have lost their assets in the reservoir zone
and those communities (non PAHs of these project affected kebeles), who would be affected by the reservoir.
For the directly impacted PAPs the project would support them to be able to move out, stabilize and to prosper.
For those affected the project would take all necessary mitigation measures and monitor the same. Specifically
the strategy will be to:
Compensate at replacement cost for all impacted assets,
Ensure basic requirements such food, water, medical facilities and shelter in the period of
rehabilitation;
Provide sustained support to PAHs for a long period (at least five years) in their rebuilding and re-
establishing livelihoods and incomes;
Communicate in a sustained manner at all levels and to minimize dissent, suspicion or grievances;
Effectively implement the RAP by engaging and/or contracting individuals/institutions with requisite
capacities to carry out assigned tasks and roles; and
Effectively monitor and evaluate RAP implementation and achievement of intended outcomes and
overall RAP objective.
The strategy segregated by individual PAHs and communities, is given below:
For PAPs
i. Compensate at replacement cost for assets;
ii. Assist in shifting either in kind (logistics support) or cash
iii. Relocate and resettle physically displaced to resettlement sites that are made ready and equipped with
basic facilities for those PAHs requiring relocation;
iv. Provide Training and Economic rehabilitation support for income restoration (including provision of short
term work opportunities within the project) commensurate to the type of loss and as per preference;
v. Avail exist government schemes such as enrolment in food security to address this very risk of food
insecurity;
vi. Provide dedicated support by Income Restoration implementation agency for period of at least five
years to restore livelihoods.
For kebele/community
vii. Carry out measures to address kebele/community wide impacts as identified in Chapter 5 such as
accidents, loss of access, temporary impacts or loss, health impacts e.g. Malaria, increase in HIV/Aids,
provide necessary support to overcome loss of community resources such as grazing land, etc.
7.2 Impact mitigation measures

Measures to mitigate impacts on individual PAHs, non-individuals (kebele, church, school, non-PAPs) and for
kebele and host community are described below:
7.2.1 Mitigation measures for individual PAHs

c) for loss of crop production due to loss of land: Submergence of lands due to reservoir would result in
expropriation of land on a permanent basis. Ethiopian government regulations do not provide for payment of
compensation for land per se but for assets on land. As these PAHs have preferred to receive cash i.e.
payment of permanent displacement compensation, compensation will be provided for loss of crop
production for a period of 10 years at one time. The displacement compensation (10 years) is being paid for
the income lost from the asset for the coming 10 years and therefore no additional amount is payable for this
transition period i.e. period between loss of asset and effective restoration of livelihood.
d) for loss of structures (residential including kitchens): Compensation for structures would be paid one-
time to the PAH as per entitlement framework in the RPF (See Chapter 6). These payments will be made
at replacement costs; and PAHs can dismantle these structures and salvage any structural material for
reconstruction, even though these are already compensated for. Further as per preferences indicated in
the previous section, 85 PAHs who have lost all land and their residential structure would be resettled to
urban and communal lands in the two woredas. Additionally those required to shift to their own lands in the
vicinity too would be supported in their relocation process. For details on the relocation plan, refer to
Section 7.4.
e) for loss of trees: Compensation for trees would be as follows:

For Eucalyptus, compensation would be paid at regenerative value of 2 and three time harvest
considered in ten years; hence a single tree was multiplied by factor of 6, and
For Natural (or Indigenous) trees, compensation shall be estimated on the basis of the level of growth
of the tree and the current local price per tree.
While the individuals will be compensated for the loss, a Tree nursery program would be implemented at
the kebele level. Also to compensate for the loss of firewood, the program would plant twice as many (two
fold) trees as lost due to the project in an area identified in consultation with the Kebele community at an
identified area outside the reservoir zone. Woreda Agriculture Office will provide indigenous tree species
to the kebele under the Safety Net program. The nursery would be taken care of female or other
vulnerable PAPs on a payment basis.
f) for loss of privately owned common grazing land: Compensation shall be paid for the loss of common
grazing land in form of cash to the PAP for a total of ten years (to be paid one time). They shall be
counselled for utilizing balance land for fodder development with better fodder seeds.
g) for reduced food grains/food insecurity: As farming is mainly on a subsistence basis, the loss of land
shall lead to reduce availability of food grains to PAPs thereby increasing the impoverishment risk of food
security, particularly those losing all land and also physically displaced. Further one of the project woredas
Ebinat is chronically food insecure and is already a target Woreda under the Food Security Program. Hence
vulnerable PAHs would be provided with food grains by enrolling them in the Productive Safety Net Program
(PSNP). The provision would be monitored till food security situation is deemed satisfactory based on
monitoring indicators.
h) for the thirty nine (39) PAHs whose lands are already expropriated: During preparation of the RAP and
due to exigencies of dam construction work, some parcels of land that lay within the reservoir zone were
required for borrow areas. There are 17 PAHs in Medeb Gubda and 22 PAHs in Amestiya kebele with lands
in the reservoir zone and affected by the dam construction. However their residential structures were not
affected. Woreda authorities computed their compensation and following Regions verification, approval and
issuance of entitlement certificates, MoWE has already compensated these PAHs and expropriated part
26.505 ha of their total affected land totalling These PAHs too would be covered under the provisions of the
RAP and the implementation efforts towards restoration of their livelihood would be specifically monitored.
i) Support to vulnerable households: Vulnerable households, as other PAHs, shall experience same
severity of impacts but their capability to restore and rehabilitate or improve their livelihoods to pre-project
status is relatively lower. Hence they are in need of greater support and more focus in monitoring. Additional
provisions for these households are listed below:
o Preference in employment with the contractor as labour for able-bodied persons in the
household;
o enrolment in ongoing government programs as PSNP, food security programs for a longer
period as necessary;
o support in shifting in kind;
o preference in allocation of plots at resettlement that is located closest to social service
institutions, (if displaced and requiring relocation);
o provision of design support and labour and in procurement of construction materials; and
o additional counselling as required to enable them to avail of income restoration measures
proposed;
7.2.2 Mitigation measures for impacts on kebele/community
j) for loss of land owned by Kebele/Church: As the land loss is permanent, compensation for crops on land
would be payable and therefore displacement compensation of ten years shall be paid to Kebele/Church, at
one time.
k) for loss of communal grazing land: Communal grazing land shall be reduced by the submergence by
the reservoir. Compensation shall be paid in form of cash to all the four affected kebeles for a total of ten
years (to be paid at one time). Further the following actions are proposed:
Kebele will use the compensation money by investing in upgrading and improve the nearest and other
grazing lands available with the kebele and by sensitizing people who own land to develop more
intensive livestock techniques based on integrated crop livestock systems that do not rely on grazing
land. It will reduce the load on communal grazing gland and result in a positive impact on cattle
owners including those who have no remaining land. Kebele land use expert would take support from
the Woreda in the activity.
Also, counseling will be provided by the agricultural extension office of the Woreda to the kebeles and
the Contracted Income Restoration agency to provide information on fattening, providing improved
livestock breeds, trainings on bee-keeping with modern beehives, poultry production, and other income
generation opportunities. This shall provide alternative means of livelihood for the landless and
vulnerable groups who shall be impacted due to loss of communal grazing lands. (For more details on
the livestock development, refer to ESMP).
Woreda administration shall diligently advise all kebele communities (PAPs or non-PAPs) to retain
their livestock/poultry as they are economically productive assets source of food, transportation for
their pack carts and/or contributing to the domestic consumption expenses;
Develop a fodder development program along the lines being developed and implemented in and with
support from Tana Beles project33 , if required;
for health of livestock, the project shall only facilitate administering veterinary service, vaccinations by
provision of necessary logistics transport etc. for such kebeles which are at present out of easy
reach; and
Agencies with experience such as ORDA, ADA, etc. will be drawn in to provide expert advice and
support.
l) for loss or damage to crops or any Common property resource (CPR) during construction: Any loss
of or damage to crop on unaffected parcel of the PAP or adjacent plot holders (Non-PAP), due to diversion
of river water for dam construction purpose, will be reported to the Grievance committee that is operational.
The Grievance Committee shall investigate the matter and if the loss is assessed to be genuine, it shall
33 also in Amhara region
recommend commensurate payment as per applicable rates for the damaged crop to the affected person.
In case of CPR, the project shall compensate the kebele by replacing the asset.
m) for temporary land take for quarry sites, borrow pits for dam construction: Already all sites for quarry,
borrow pits have been identified as part of the construction plan of the contractor. However, in case there are
new areas are required on a temporary basis but are outside the zone in that case the Contractor shall bring
it to the notice of the Woreda Project Implementation team (WPITs). Based on the period of requirement of
these parcels, WPITs shall facilitate a contractual agreement (in written) between the PAP and Contractor
for the said period. The agreement shall contain the following:
Size and location of the parcels on a map of the kebele;
Type of land (irrigated or un-irrigated);
Assets on land (at the time of taking of land);
Ownership of land based on the rural landholding book;
Duration for which the land shall be taken; and
Shape or form in which the land shall be returned back to the owner i.e. with appropriate
clearance, as agreed between the Contractor and owner.
The WPITs shall make an assessment of parcels of land, carry out inventory of assets on land and compute
compensation as per applicable rates for the period. The Contractor shall then deposit the amount with the
Woreda Administration (WoFED) for WPIT to process the payment through the Ministry and pay the PAP.
n) for loss of access and access to social service institutions: Communities of Jarashikra kebele shall
be most affected due to formation of the reservoir. While they shall continue to have access to schools as
it is located on the same side of the river and away from their reservoir boundary, their access to health
post and town areas shall be cut off. Distance from nearby markets would remain about 12-15 km as
before. To address this access issue, the project would provide for:
Provision of access boats: The project would provide two (2) local papyrus boats (Tanqua) to travel
between Jarashikra and Medebgubda kebele. The cost of these Tanquas shall be borne by the
project, while the responsibility of operation and maintenance shall lie with Kebele administration. The
kebele administration can levy a nominal charge to transport passengers to cover O&M cost. Further
its operation of these Tanquas shall be done by PAHs in the kebele and provide a supplemental
income
Provision of one health post at Jara Shikra kebele: Project would provide a health centre at this kebele
with at least two health extension workers trained from among the PAHs or other community members.
The Health Post would comprise a Store, delivery room (2 beds), examination room (1 bed, 2 chairs, 1
table, dressing room (2 chairs 1 Table), reception room (10 chairs). It would facilitate the execution of
mitigation measures plans relating to water borne diseases and HIV/Aids and STI, etc. Two PAHs can
be trained to operate as Health Extension Workers.
o) for accidents: By expropriation of land in the three (3) meter Buffer zone between the normal water level
(1940 masl) and the maximum water level (1943 masl), plus an additional 0.5 meters till 1943 masl, the
project has already ensure a clear demarcation. However, accidents could still take place. Additional
measures to prevent accidents shall involve the following:
WPITs shall create awareness and counsel the kebele community regarding potential accidents such
as falling of cattle or children into the reservoir. Repeat advice shall be given to the kebele community
to ensure that children on their way to school or playing should keep a safe distance from the reservoir
and in particular during the rainy season; and
In addition to avoidance of free grazing for cattle, the Project will fence specific locations, where
possible along the reservoir boundary. At other locations, kebeles would be advised to change the
grazing areas wherein their cattle drink water and/or keep their cattle in an enclosure and provide
fodder and water. Kebele land use expert along with Woreda institutions shall help lead the fodder
development efforts and encourage cut and carry system and thereby minimize potential dangers for
cattle.
p) for Prevention of Malaria and other vector borne diseases: The project kebeles are areas with high
malarial prevalence. Formation of the reservoir would aggravate the situation. Also based on discussions
with Woreda health office, it was recorded that budget access to remotely located kebeles and community
habits are constraints. National Malaria prevention strategic Plan is already operational in the area (See
Box). The project shall adopt a two-pronged strategy, i.e.
i) as per the National Malaria Prevention Strategic Plan Box 7.1 National Strategic Plan for
Malaria Prevention, Control and
(designed at the regional level), it shall support the Elimination in Ethiopia, 2010-2015 states
prevention program by engaging in Social mobilization by Larval control through use of these
using health extension workers selected and trained from larvicidal chemicals is of high use in areas of
each kebele; and development activities such as water
ii) engage in capacity building of these health offices with harvesting ponds, dams, irrigation canals,
resources (staff and budget for transport/fuel) specifically road construction and other land
development activities. The agriculture and
targeted for these project affected kebeles to provide rural development sector is currently highly
available measures. scaled-up its activities and it is expected that
this will further expand in the next few years.
Key activities shall be as follows: Therefore, the use of water for these
development activities is huge and the risk
i. Distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs): The National of creating mosquito breeding sites is
Plans provides for equally high. The Large development
projects are required to incorporate risk
Replacement of old ineffective LLINs with new free LLINs mitigation measures in pre project
through the Health Extension Program (HEP) and through preparation, during implementation and post
campaigns; project period.
Free distribution of LLINs to all rural malaria affected households that are still in need of LLINs (Catch
up);
free distribution of LLINs during emergencies;
Project shall provide at least 2 LLINs per Household for all households across the three kebeles. They would
provide new nets (where not provided earlier or replace old nets);
i. Indoor residual spraying (IRS): IRS, as a main component of Box 7.2
selective vector control, is also targeted to cover development The Health Extension Program educates,
projects, and malaria-affected communities with low access to mobilizes and involves the community in all
the health care system. Each kebele targeted for IRS will receive aspects and stages of malaria control and
enough spray equipment for 4 spray operators and insecticides leads to increased ownership of the
program. It is recognized that it is only at
to cover all households to be sprayed as determined in the IRS community level that malaria elimination will
plans. In the project areas, HEWs will be trained to oversee and be achieved. IEC/ BCC provides
coordinate the spraying operation while the spray operators will information and skills to populations at risk
be trained for five days to undertake spraying operations for 25 of malaria so that they can make informed
days once a year. Spray operation activities are reported to the decisions and participate in malaria
nearest health centre. According to the Farta Woreda health prevent ion, treatment, and control . In
particular, IEC/ BCC raises community
office, the activity of spray of anti-malaria medicines was awareness about the signs and symptoms
constrained by lack of adequate budget. Project shall provide of malaria, encourages early treatment-
necessary logistics support required by the Health Offices of both seeking behaviour and treatment
Woredas. compliance and creates demand for and
increases the utilization of mal aria services.
i. Social Mobilization: Community empowerment and mobilization This is done through a variety of channels
are central to malaria prevention and control. The existing social including mass media including
mobilization program will continue with Health Extension interpersonal communication, participatory
Workers, and distribution of IEC/BCC materials. Community communication (including community
members shall select HEWs and community volunteers, and dialogue and social mobilization
(particularly during distribution campaigns
participate in LLIN distribution and IRS programs and themselves
and emergencies). National Strategic
shall be involved in social mobilization and communication Plan for Malaria Prevention, Control and
activities. Awareness campaigns will be conducted involving Elimination in Ethiopia, 2010-2015.
community leaders and elders from affected kebeles through iddirs, consultations. The timing and frequency
of these meetings needs to match with meetings with PAPs and also with events in the RAP implementation.
These meetings shall: i) emphasize the importance of and appropriate usage of the LLINs i.e. for covering
self and food; ii) attempt to involve community in environmental protection; and iii) support with the
distribution of IEC/BCC materials
Implementation mechanism: As Womens Affairs Department, Woreda Health offices and kebele level extension
workers already work on these issues, no new implementation mechanism is required, except for provision of
support in implementation efforts - provision of vehicle, fuel by the project. The project will also support with
trainings as required, facilitate and coordinate meetings, etc. Representatives of the Womens Affairs and Health
Offices shall be included in the WPITs.
Monitoring: Careful recording of cases shall support the rigorous monitoring of the implementation measures.
Indicators that include the outcome indicators listed in the National Plan are given below:
Number of households covered in provision of LLINs by year and segregated by kebeles;
Percent of households in malarious areas who own one LLIN per sleeping space;
Number of times IRS has been carried out in a year segregated by kebeles;
Number of households that appropriately use LLINs for ensuring protection from mosquitoes;
Number of meetings carried out during social mobilization initiative carried out in a year segregated by
kebele;
Proportion of women who recognize LLIN and/or IRS as a malaria-prevention method;
Proportion of women who recognize fever as a symptom of malaria;
Proportion of women reporting exposure to IEC/BCC activities through the HEP;
Proportion of community members actively participating in malaria prevention and control activities;
Proportion of households within IRS-targeted Kebeles are protected by IRS in the past 12 months; and
Number of cases that have been reported to the grievance committee regarding non-provision and/or
complaints relating to LLINs, IRS, or etc.
q) for Prevention of HIV/AIDs and STI (Sexually Transmitted Infections) awareness plan: To achieve the
overall goal and objective three major strategies have been identified in the National Plan
1. Expanding targeted Behavioural Change Communication that enable creation of a high level of
comprehensive and protective knowledge, adoption of safe sexual behaviours, and bring transformation
in relevant social norms among all segments of the community;
2. Reducing vulnerability of young people, women, orphans an vulnerable children and others to HIV; and
3. Increasing the availability and accessibility of the basic facility based HIV services and increase of
prevention services.
Further the plan focuses on newly created development opportunities that can provide positive results in cases of
HIV spread due to increased vulnerability and/or lack of access to prevention services. Hence strategies
proposed are:
to reduce vulnerability of such persons by provision of vocation training and Economic rehabilitation support
especially to underprivileged women to engage in income restoration activities and other alternatives;
Integrate safety net programs with HIV/Aids; and
Community conversation as a major strategy to address structural issues
There are a number of programs related to the prevention, care and support of HIV/AIDS that are already
operational in the project area (Chapter 4 Stakeholder Consultations).
For the Ribb Reservoir area, the project strategy shall be
i. provide support to enhancing implementation capacity; and

ii. dove-tail/take support from existing NGOs such as MSH (Management Science for Health) that have the
operational experience in provision of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) administration of measures;
Key activities shall be as follows:

iii. Community Mobilization: Awareness campaigns/community conversations under the social mobilization
program shall use Health Extension Workers in distribution of Information Education Communication
(IEC)/Behavioural Change Communication (BCC) materials. Further they shall involve community leaders
and elders. The timing and frequency of these meetings should be such that participation by communities
is maximized. The Project will support the distribution of IEC/BCC materials using all available
implementation teams;
iv. Support to implementation capacity: Provision of necessary vehicle, fuel and budget for distribution of
condoms and ART will be ensured. Adequate supply and Targeted distribution of condoms to the most-at-
risk population (particularly those resettling to urban centres), increasing knowledge on proper and
consistent use through HEWs will be carried out; and
v. support to vulnerable groups in particular for Income Generation Activities (IGA) as proposed in the income
restoration section (See Chapter 8)
Implementation mechanism: As already Womens Affairs department, Woreda Health offices and kebele level
extension workers on these issues, no new implementation mechanism is required. The project shall provide
support towards implementation capacity i.e. provision of vehicle, fuel, and other trainings, facilitation and
coordination of meetings, etc.
Monitoring: Baseline figure shall be established34 by collecting the latest available figures on HIV/Aids, provision
of ARTs, etc. from the Woreda Health offices. For this purpose, the Woreda health office would be provided the
final list of PAHs including those physical displaced and requiring relocation as they are most vulnerable.
Woreda health offices shall support the WPIT in verification of these PAHs as well as other households in the
kebele and provide the WPIT, Region and MoWE with a baseline figure for internal monitoring. Once RAP
implementation commences, measures shall be monitored to assess progress by the M&L office (RPCO) and
Social Development Expert (Regional BoEPLAU) and undertake evaluation. Key indicators are listed below:
Number of meetings carried out during social mobilization initiative carried out in year segregated by
kebele; and
Monitoring of timely provision of funds for administering of anti-HIV measures and evaluation of the
administering of measures and their adequacy;
r) Measures for sedimentation and downstream impact35: As suggested by the design report, the following
measures shall be implemented under the ESMP for the project.
Water releases from the reservoirs will coincide with the supply plan and riparian flow. Regulating dam
releases to partially replicate natural flooding regime and to help restore floodplain agriculture downstream
particularly in particular cultivation in the downstream kebeles such as Addis Bete Kirstian and Wetemb
which are not part of the project command area, will be the approach. Maintaining water requirement
downstream for fisheries, provision of fish ladders, other fauna and flora, changes in water quality and
protection of spawning are required (Refer to ESMP).
s) Information dissemination for Consultation and Participation: For details refer to Chapter 13
7.3 Relocation Plan for displaced PAHs

Ribb reservoir project shall lead to total submergence of land holdings, and of all assets on the land within
affected zone. It therefore renders the restoring incomes and livelihoods of the PAHs to the pre-project levels a
huge challenge. Formulation of a strategy required finding out the preferences of each affected PAP.
Preferences for resettlement and rehabilitation depend on the following:
34 Despite numerous attempts with the Woreda health offices, data on the specific kebeles was not ready/available. Further gathering
information during the vulnerability survey only led to unconfirmed details
35 Source: Ribb Dam Feasibility Study, Water Works Design and Supervision Enterprise in association with Tahal, 2007
i) Information provided to communities on the project;

ii) their perceptions of the project opportunities and resultant risks;
iii) their current profession/existing skills;
iv) peer preferences
v) own vulnerabilities, etc.
Hence to record preferences and expectations of the PAPs, a Preference survey was undertaken between
October 18 and November 21, 2012. Questionnaire for the preference survey was devised by SMEC and
subsequently discussed and agreed with the officials of the Woreda, Region, Kebele and also World Bank prior
to administering it (See Appendix 2.2 for Preference Survey Form). Meetings were held with kebele
administration regarding the survey; Options and provisions/entitlements were explained to the PAPs, following
which the survey was conducted in presence of the kebele administrator and the Kebele land use Expert. No
specific time was given to PAPs to respond, though they had more than 5 days to respond after the consultation
meetings. Details requested, options provided in survey and remarks are given below:
S.No. Detail on Options, Remarks

1. PAP Name -
2 Sex -
3 Age -
4 Village -
5 Total holding size (kada): based on the land holding book verified during public consultation
6 Affected holding size (Kada) based on the asset inventory survey
7 Balance holding size (kada): as per land holding book and asset inventory survey
8 % of loss: Affected/Total * 100
9 House affected? : if residential structure is affected
10 Resettlement Option Shifting to:
a plot in urban resettlement area (200 sq.m or 250 sq.m as per norms)
a plot in communal land in the kebele (500 sq. m)
other unaffected land of his/her own
other persons land (Family, Relative, Rental, etc.)
not required (houses not affected)
11 Preference for Income land based options: Crop production/Livestock Fattening/Dairy (Milk
Restoration Production)/Poultry/ Beehives (Honey and Wax production)/ and Other, Specify
non-land based options: Metal work/ Bamboo works/ Tailoring/Tannery/Petty
trade/ Fishery/Other, Specify
12 Need Replacement land in As PAPs legally entitled to getting proportionate irrigable land in the command area
Command Area that lies outside of their woreda, they were informed of their right and given a choice
of either moving to command area or get permanent displacement compensation
and income restoration support.
7.3.1 Findings of the preference survey on Relocation

The preference survey covered 1013 PAHs i.e. Amisteya (372), Jarashikra (147) and Medebgubda (494).
Findings with respect to Resettlement/Relocation Option are presented below.
Disbribution of PAHs in terms of option for resettlement
Shifting to urban Shifting to Shifting to Shifting to Shifting not Not known/ Total
Kebele resettlement communal other other persons required confirmed/
area (200 or 250 land in the unaffected land (Family, (houses not common
sq.m kebele (500 land of Relative, affected) land losers
sq. m) his/her own Rental, ect)
Jarashikra 29 2 106 1 9 0 147
Medebgubda 152 0 0 0 342 0 494
Amsteya 74 9 50 1 238 372
Total 255 11 156 2 589 0 1013

% 25.17 1.09 15.40 0.20 58.14 0.00 100
Number of PAHs who become

o houseless (losing residential structure) and losing all land i.e. landless: 44
o houseless (losing residential structure) and having land less than or equal to 1 kada (0.25
acre): 9
o houseless and having land balance land less than 2 kada (0.5 acre): 13
o houseless and having land greater than two (2) kada: 19
No PAH was willing to shift to command area and thereby avail of the entitled proportionate irrigable plot
of land in another woreda about 35 - 40 km away
Number of PAHs physically displaced: 85
Number of PAHs who prefer to shift to project identified resettlement sites: 85
Breakup of PAHs requiring resettlement by kebele:
o 50 from Medebgubda
o 4 from Jarashikra, and
o 31 from Amisteya
Amisteya has two sets of resettlers: of the 31 PAHs, 7 PAHs going to rural site and 24 PAPs going to
Ebinat Woreda town centre
Number of PAPs willing to shift to urban area regardless of loss of structure: Amsteya (74),
No PAPs from Farta Woreda preferred to shift to the communal land resettlement site options that were
also identified two at Medebgubda kebele and one at Jarashikra kebele. The reason of Farta PAPs
preferernce to shift to Debretabor town not communal grazing land was possessing a plot of land in
Debretabor is very difficult in normal situation or even impossible as it prohibitively expensive for most
persons. In addition Debretabour is a well-developed town in the area plus capital of the South Gondar
Zone Administration. So, as the project was providing them land for free in Debretabor, they chose to
decline communal land which has comparably no value (See Table 5.8 in Chapter 5).
For those losing structure everything (all land and house) and losing residential structures with some balance
land and opting to shift to other sites, resettlements were identified. In Ebinat 2 urban sites and 1 Rural
(Communal Land) site while in Farta Woreda only one urban site and no rural site was identified.
7.3.2 Assessment of the Resettlement sites

As per the standard of the towns 200 sq. m area is provided for 54 PAHs in Debre Tabor town and 250 sq. m for
24 PAHs] in Ebinat town. Ebinat Woreda has identified two sites for residential purposes and Debre Tabor town
identified one site. Further Ebinat Woreda identified a communal land site for giving 500 sq.mtr plots (as per
norms for plots in rural areas) to 7 PAPs of Amisteya kebele within the kebele.
Ebinat Urban sites: Ebinat woreda town administration Residential site: Both sites are separated by approx.
300-400 meters and lie close to a water source. See Photo 7.1 below for photos of sites identified for residential
purpose.
Photo 7.1 Photo of Resettlement Site 1 (above) and 2 (below) in Woreda town area
An assessment of the sites based on select criteria36 is presented in Table 7.1 below:
Table 7.1 Assessment of Urban resettlement site for residential purpose at Ebinat Woreda
Feature Site 1 details Site 2 details
Location Site is within woreda town and is within 1 Site is within woreda town and is
km of Woreda administration and other within 0.5 km of Woreda
government offices. Identified site is to be administration and other
included in the urban area. Also the site is government offices. Identified site
in proximity to a water source is to be included in the urban area.
Also the site is in proximity to a
water source
Size of area Approximately 3.6 ha (36000 sq.mtr); will Approximately 2.5 ha (25000
need to accommodate 14 households; Size sq.mtr); will need to accommodate
of plot offered: 250 sq. mtrs /PAH 10 households; size of plot
offered: 250 sq.mtrs/PAH
Be as close as possible to the affected Distance between woreda town centre and Distance between woreda town
areas (this criterion needs to be kebele is 12-13 km centre and kebele is 12-13 km
balanced with the potential of these
sites for sustainable economic
activities);
Be easily accessible via existing roads Connected by a gravel road but has semi- Connected by a gravel road but
or capable of becoming so via grassy area leading to site. Inexpensive has semi-grassy area leading to
construction of inexpensive, improvement to access road to site is site. Inexpensive improvement to
economically feasible roads possible. Is about 150 meters from the main access road to site is possible. Is
36 Adapted from the Involuntary Resettlement Sourcebook, The World Bank, 2003
Table 7.1 Assessment of Urban resettlement site for residential purpose at Ebinat Woreda
Feature Site 1 details Site 2 details
(accessibility, not remoteness, is the woreda town gravel road about 250 meters from the main
issue); woreda town gravel road
Include no protected areas, classified Site is free common land Site is a green area used for
forests, nature reserves, or entertainment for children playing,
environmentally sensitive lands, such etc.
as sloping terrain or shallow soils;
Have an even and smooth topography Has sloping land towards the water source Is fairly even land with little sloping
and no mountainous areas, rolling and has narrow deep cracks. Has drainage area towards the water source
topography, or steep slopes; problem, Though requires removal black and has no cracks, requires
cotton top soil, leveling of surface, etc. leveling of surface, etc
Have, preferably, a low population Population density of woreda town 0.004 persons per sq.m. The town area has
density, large holdings, and good potential for overall development
potential for further development
(areas already developed should be
avoided, unless a market for land
purchase is active).
Proximity to social service institutions the town area which has all these facilities
schools, churches, markets Banks 2 Commercial Bank of Ethiopia; ASCI
Schools 5 Primary (2); Preparatory (1); High (1); Vocational (1)
Health 2 Health centre (1); Veterinary clinic (1) Health centre is
facility upgraded with more beds to accommodate more patients;
is at present well served with doctors and nursing care
Types of Industry, Agriculture office, agro processing, construction,
institutions social services
by Sectors
Church 3 All churches are within Woreda town
Mosque 1 within Woreda town
Bus station 1 Buses ply and connect to important town centers such as
Bahir Dar, Gondar, Addis Zemen, Woreta and other towns
Markets 1 General market and livestock markets are organized on a
weekly basis on saturday wherein people from nearby Zeha
kebele also visit
Connectivity Mobile and telephone (fixed lines) are operational with
(Telephone) moderate quality in connectivity
Photo 7.2 Bank (L) and WoARD office (R) in Ebinat Woreda Town Centre
Source: SMEC, June, 2012
These identified sites have been finalized for relocation of affected persons. While one site shall accommodate
10 households, the other shall accommodate 14 households. See Appendix 7.1 for copy of letter from Ebinat
Woreda (dated May 15, 2013).
Table 7.2 Assessment of Communal land resettlement site for residential purpose, Amisteya kebele
Feature Details
Location Site is within Amisteya kebele and is in proximity to a water source
Size of area Approximately 3497.5 (0.349 ha); will need to accommodate 7
households; Size of plot offered: 500 sq. mtrs /PAH as per norms for
plots in rural areas
Be as close as possible to the affected areas (this Distance between woreda town centre and kebele is 12-13 km
criterion needs to be balanced with the potential of
these sites for sustainable economic activities);
Be easily accessible via existing roads or capable of Connected by a gravel road but has semi-grassy area leading to site.
becoming so via construction of inexpensive, Inexpensive improvement to access road to site is possible.
economically feasible roads (accessibility, not
remoteness, is the issue);
Include no protected areas, classified forests, nature Site is free communal land with no specific activity other than
reserves, or environmentally sensitive lands, such as occasional grazing
sloping terrain or shallow soils;
Have an even and smooth topography and no uneven land requiring levelling.
mountainous areas, rolling
topography, or steep slopes;
Have, preferably, a low population density, large population density is low
holdings, and good potential for further development
(areas already developed should be avoided, unless
a market for land purchase is active).
Proximity to social service institutions schools, While the town area which has all these facilities
churches, markets Schools 1 Primary (2); Preparatory (1); High (1); Vocational
(1)
Health 1 Health post (1)
facility
Church 7 within kebele
Other Police office (1), Social court (1), Kebele security
facilities office (1), Cooperative office (1), Farmers training
and agriculture office (1)
Mosque 1 within Kebele
Bus station 1 Buses ply from Addis Zemen town to Ebinat Town
and Zeha kebele
Markets 1 In Ebinat Town where General market and
livestock markets are organized on a weekly basis
on saturday wherein people from nearby Zeha
kebele also visit
Connectivity Mobile and telephone (fixed lines) are operational
(Telephone) with poor to moderate quality in connectivity
The identified site has been finalized for relocation of 7 affected PAHs. See Appendix 7.2 for copy of letter from
Ebinat Woreda (dated October 1, 2013).
Table 7.3 Assessment of resettlement site for residential purpose at Debre Tabor Town
Features Details
Location Site is located within the town expansion area. Within 2-3 km of Woreda
administration and other government offices. Identified site is included in the
urban area.
Table 7.3 Assessment of resettlement site for residential purpose at Debre Tabor Town
Features Details
Town Area (sq.km) 110.88
Population (no.) 68,318
Size of area Approximately 1.5 to 2 ha (15000 to 20000 sq.mtr); will need to accommodate 54
households; Size of plot offered: 200 sq. mtrs /PAPs as per town norms
Be as close as possible to the affected Distance between woreda town centre and kebele is 13-15 km
areas (this criterion needs to be
balanced with the potential of these
sites for sustainable economic
activities);
Be easily accessible via existing roads Connected by a property city road. Site is located within the town expansion area.
or capable of becoming so via
construction of inexpensive,
economically feasible roads
(accessibility, not remoteness, is the
issue);
Include no protected areas, classified No protected areas, etc. Some new residents have recently built houses and
forests, nature reserves, or more are coming up in the vicinity.
environmentally sensitive lands, such
as sloping terrain or shallow soils;
Have an even and smooth topography Has slight uneven land and requires leveling
and no mountainous areas, rolling
topography, or steep slopes;
Have, preferably, a low population Population density of town 616.2 persons per sq.km. The town area has potential
density, large holdings, and good for overall development
potential for further development
(areas already developed should be
avoided, unless a market for land
purchase is active).
Proximity to social service institutions the town area has all these facilities
schools, churches, markets Banks 5 to 6 Commercial Bank of Ethiopia; Bank of Ethiopia,
National Bank of Ethiopia, Bank of Abyssinia, etc.
Schools/ 7 Debre Tabor University, Tewodros II Secondary
University School Primary (2); Preparatory (1); High (2);
Vocational (1)
Health facility 3-4 Health centre (1); Veterinary clinic (1) Health centre
is upgraded with more beds to accommodate more
patients; is at present well served with doctors and
nursing care
Types of Industry, Agriculture office, agro processing,
institutions by construction, social services; major market for all
Sectors commodities and trade, petty shops, shops for metal
and bamboo furniture
Bus station/ 2 Buses ply and connect to important town centers
such as Bahir Dar, Gondar, Addis Zemen, Woreta
and other towns; Also is served by an airport
Markets 1 General markets and special flea markets on
specific days
Government all All government departments OoEPLAU, Urban,
offices Trade and Transport, Rural and Agricultural
Extension, Municipality Administration
Connectivity Mobile and telephone (fixed lines) are operational
(Telephone) with moderate quality in connectivity
Photo 7.3 Resettlement site at Debre Tabor town, Farta Woreda
The identified site has been finalized for relocation of 54 affected PAHs. See Appendix 7.1 for copy of letter from
Debre Tabor Woreda (dated May 21, 2013)
Following the preference survey and identification of these sites, PAHs were informed of these identified sites
and size of plot of land on offer at each site. Some of the PAHs have already visited these three sites, while
others are familiar as they keep visiting town for some work or others. They reported satisfaction with the
identified sites.
7.3.3 Planning of resettlement sites

Information on a variety of infrastructure (relating to health, education, transport, drinking water, electrification
and other civic amenities) was collected for assessment of these sites (as presented in earlier section). The
number of PAPs requiring relocation had been ascertained from the Preference Survey.
Technical expertise i.e. urban planning/town planning experts shall be deployed to physically plan the
Resettlement site at urban sites. While zonal mapping has been done for residential, industrial and commercial
sectors already, following steps shall be required specifically for the resettlement site layout:
i. Fixing the precise boundaries of the identified resettlement layout
ii. Conducting a contour survey of the land using a convenient gradient
iii. Noting special landmarks, drains, gullies and directions of slopes, etc.
iv. Creating a layout map to scale for resettlement sites in Ebinat Woreda and at Debre Tabor (See
Appendix 7.1)
v. Residential area has been already demarcated as per requirement.
The following would be provided: i) Main road would be constructed connecting the resettlement site, ii) Internal
roads/paths linking all the dwelling units; iii) Sewerage and Drainage facilities and iv) Drinking water facility for
the occupants of the resettlement site.
Typology of the houses to be constructed shall follow the existing urban norms in Ebinat and Farta woreda. The
task of provision of basic infrastructure shall be executed by engineers, contractors, specialized agencies. It shall
take about 4-6 months to complete creation of basic infrastructure in the resettlement site. Also involvement of
PAHs is essential to ensure that they do not consider the process as being involuntary and are further aggrieved
by this process PAHs will be shown these sites in advance. Vulnerable PAHs will be given preference in
allotment of sites.
A Relocation Committee comprising two representatives of the displaced PAHs of concerned kebele and also a
couple of PAPs (including females) will be formed. Other members would include the Engineer, representatives
of the other departments such as Water supply, Electricity, besides members from the Woreda Administration.
The purpose would be to provide a platform to the PAPs by which they can effectively communicate their
concerns while planning and preparing the resettlement site. Materials necessary for construction purpose shall
be procured locally or from nearby Addis Zemen/Woreta towns.
Sequence of activities from layout planning to allotment of house plots and shifting of PAPs is as follows:
Stages in sequence Agencies responsible Time required (in months)

Preparation of layout plan Town planner, Urban office (for layout), water supply, 0.5
Creation of Basic electricity departments
1.5
Infrastructure
Allotment of sites* WPITs, Woreda Administration with supervisory support 0.5
from Regional BoEPLAU
Construction of houses etc. PAPs 2.0
Shifting WPIT, PAPs 0.5
Total 5.0
* would be done in parallel
See Photo 7.3 for types of houses in Ebinat Town
House in Ebinat Woreda Residential unit in front (L) and Kitchen, Toilet and Shed etc. at back of house (R)
Photo 7.4 Corrugated Iron Sheet for roof (L); Walls made of Mud, wood and straw (R)
Source: SMEC, June, 2012
The following would be provided: Main road would be constructed connecting the resettlement colony, ii) Internal
roads/paths linking all the dwelling units; iii) Sewerage and Drainage facilities; and iv) Drinking water facility for
the occupants of the resettlement colony. Detailed actual costs for the provision of water, electricity, improved
access roads, and most importantly site preparation works have been estimated (See Chapter 11 Budget
Estimates)
7.3.4 Allotment process
House plots whether in rural or urban areas would be allotted by the following authorities:
Resettlement site location Agency responsible
Amisteya communal grazing land Ebinat Woreda
Ebinat woreda town center
Debre Tabor site (1) Zonal Administration, Farta Woreda Administration and
Debre-Tabor Municipality
House plots in rural and urban areas shall be provided to PAHs free of charge. They are given for free and they
will be given a permanent holding certificate. PAHs shall reconstruct their houses in communal grazing lands in
rural areas with necessary support from WPITs. PAHs will be required to construct their houses by themselves.
7.3.5 Process of Dismantling and Relocation

The notification of expropriation shall indicate the date by which the PAHs are required to dismantle their
structures. The period between dismantling and salvaging of house materials and shifting to resettlement site
should be least possible. Hence the date for dismantling should be a date after when the resettlement is ready
with all assured amenities and sites have been allotted to the PAHs. The PAHs would be allowed to carry away
with them all the movable items of their daily living like house construction materials, and personal belongings.
Any delay in this regard is likely to: i) cause problems for safe storage of the personal belongings of these PAHs
as they shall have no shelter after dismantling and ii) might require the project authorities to provide with interim
or transit accommodation. Records will be kept of PAHs who would shift to which relocation. Also as there are
some PAHs who prefer to move to other locations, they shall be provided with cash or transportation as
preferred. Accordingly a list segregated by area to which they relocate would be prepared.
Details of relocation
S.No. Name of List of members Sex Age Date of Name and Shifting Start Remarks
the in the PAH shifting to Location of done by date/time
kebele (beginning with resettlement the self or by and End
name of PAP) site Resettlement R&R date/time
site or area
to which
PAPs are
shifting
Vulnerable PAHs, particularly females and old age (above 65 years) PAPs would be provided with extra care and
support as necessary Shifting from locations where PAHs have been living for long period would be a difficult
task. Hence prior to relocation process, the Woreda Relocation committee shall carry out/ confirm the following:
besides consultation meetings to periodically update PAPs on the progress of preparatory works at
resettlement site, the Relocation Committee shall hold a consultation meeting prior to shifting. The
meeting shall cover aspects such as the time schedule, arrangements for shifting, provisions ready at
site and also answer other questions;
new settlement site selected for the purpose is ready with necessary infrastructure;
ensure that PAHs have seen the resettlement site and preferably the exact plot/house that has been
allotted;
PAHs have received all their dues, especially compensation money for the lost immovable property;
PAHs have packed their belongings and are in readiness to shift;
Animal driven carts for transportation (in-kind assistance) are ready;
Members of the Relocation Committee are appropriately oriented in the relocation committee and
remain with the PAPs, particularly the vulnerable PAHs throughout the shifting process;
Woreda administration shall be requested to render assistance as and when necessary; and
the process of shifting process should be i) completed in minimum time possible and ii) avoided during
rains
Since M&E on RAP implementation will focus on their post project status, the WPITs shall clearly instruct all the
PAPs who are relocating to inform the Woreda administration if and when they shift again to another location.
7.3.6 Involvement of Host population

It is to be noted provision of house and commercial plots whether in rural sites or in urban areas shall:
i) reduce the available communal grazing land in rural areas; and
ii) increase pressure of available civil amenities in urban areas
Further conflicts with host population are likely as there would lesser land. In case of resettlement site colonies
these have to be developed for affected persons, but as these would create a sense of disproportionate
distribution of economic resources in the host community, efforts should be made to distribute the additional
resources as well.
Presently at the Communal land site, only a handful of households living around the area are accessing the
communal grazing land. However these are grazing lands with very limited fodder for the cattle. Hence,
improvements to these and other parcels of grazing land within the kebele will reduce pressure overall.
Presently, at Debre Tabor town site, few houses are present at the identified resettlement site in the Town
expansion area. Basic infrastructure is already available and additional facilities would be provided as part of the
site preparation works. Hence not much impact that requires planning and implementing of mitigation measures
involving host population is expected. At Ebinat town the site is located in an area with relatively higher density
and there are many houses, shops and government offices. Pressure on available water resources, used for
washing, bathing might marginally increase. In both areas, impacts on host population are likely to increase if
many PAHs are involved in the Petty Trade thereby increasing competition amongst those already established or
already long operational. This would require appropriate counseling to the PAPs by the Contracted IR agency.
Hence, it is advisable to integrate the host community too in creation and maintenance of additional community
resources vides involvement in consultations, group discussions. As part of the site preparation works, facilities if
any identified for augmentation during consultations with host community will be augmented.
7.4 Process of compensation and handing over of land

The MoWE, through BoEPLAU, will formally disclose compensation packages to the Entitled Person of PAHs
and the kebeles. The WPIT, in collaboration with the Woreda Administration and assistance from Kebele
administration will facilitate and impart knowledge to PAHs on:
how compensation would be paid;
assistance on how to receive compensation through bank operations (aiding PAHs without a bank
account in opening one, if requested); and
Provision of Entitlement Certificate: An Entitlement Certificate containing details of the affected assets such as
rain fed area, irrigated area, compensation for lost assets/property shall be prepared and provided to the PAHs
(See Annexure 7.1 for Entitlement Agreement Form). In case of PAPs who are illiterate, WPIT shall assist the
PAP in understanding the document. The Entitlement Certificate (in Amharic), shall be prepared and handed
over to the PAP within the kebeles and also the Woreda administration offices. It shall contain the following
details:
o quantum of rain fed area in (ha),
o quantum of irrigable area (ha),
o amount of compensation for lost assets/property (in ETB),
o allowances such as shifting allowance (in cash or in kind) as applicable (in ETB),
o plot of land for reconstruction of house in resettlement site, if applicable (and house construction
support for vulnerable PAHs)
o support in form income restoration measures (farmer trainings, land based or non-land based
income restoration activities); and
o date by which the PAH must vacate the land or surrender rights to the property
Payment to Bank accounts: Once the Entitlement Certificate has been signed, MoWE will disburse compensation
funds through WoFED offices in both woredas, in collaboration with regional BoEPLAU. All payments will be
made directly to the bank accounts of the PAHs or by cheque37. Following payment, those PAHs who shall be
impacted according to the construction schedule of the contractor will vacate their land as per dates indicated in
the expropriation notice. Compensation payment will be made directly to the bank accounts of the PAHs or
through cheques for the smaller payments. As the process to open a bank account at least costs ETB 50-60
(ETB 20-25 as the minimum account balance and ETB 20-30 towards cost of travel from kebele to town centre)
the PAP might avoid opening an account if the compensation amount is too small. Hence it is recommended for
amounts below a threshold of ETB 250, compensation and other allowance payments should be made in
cash to the PAH. The process can be carried out in a public place in presence of members from kebele
administration and other community members and photographed to ensure transparency and for documentation
purposes.
Clearance of Landholding: The Woreda administration will facilitate evacuation of the land. Land holder shall
hand over the land to the woreda administration within 90 days from the date of payment of compensation when
permanent structures as houses and other valuable fixed assets exist on the expropriated land. Within this period
of time the PAP expected to completely remove all valuable properties from the land, and demolish and
reconstruct houses in new place. Where there is no valuable asset (no standing crop, perennial crop or other
property) on the expropriated land, the holder shall hand over the land to the Woreda administration within thirty
(30) days from the date of receipt of the expropriation order.
7.5 Training Programs

Training programs would be developed for both PAHs and the implementing officials of various committees.
While training programs for PAHs would be identified, developed and administered by the contracted income
restoration agency, training programs for Officials are provided below:
a) Training for PAHs: Entitled Person (or any other able bodied person as nominated) from PAHs shall be
provided with trainings on financial literacy so that they can better manage their finances, particularly as they
are likely take many new occupations or experience a period of uncertain income. A specific amount to each
eligible PAP is provisioned for in the budget (See Chapter 11 for Budget Estimates).
b) Training for Officials: Training programs shall be developed for and administered to the officials
responsible for various tasks, by the Regional BoEPLAU. These will be specifically targeted to the officials
of the Compensation, Grievance Redressal and Relocation committees. The Social Expert at the Regional
BoEPLAU and MoWE too shall participate in the training programs: Key topics of the Training Programs by
committee are presented below:
37 As per Memorandum of Understanding between ANRS and MoWE dated November 21, 2010
Committee Key Topics

Compensation Details of the compensation entitlements i.e. different rates applied for trees (eucalyptus, natural
trees, indigenous trees);
Preparation of entitlement certificates;
Issuance of notification of expropriation
Taking over of land after ensuring all compensated assets are duly collected by the land holder;
and
Provision of compensation payments in event of damage to crops due to i) dust and ii) access by
Contractor for construction based on recommendations of the Grievance committees
Relocation Committee Sites identified and facilities to be provided
details of relocation plan including consultation plans with displaced persons and host community
preparation of relocation plan and its execution
reporting requirements to WPITs, MoWE, and Regional BoEPLAU
Grievance committee Valuation guidelines applied in the computation of compensation for affected assets
Compensation Provision of compensation payments in event of damage to crops due to i) dust and ii) access by
Contractor for construction
Procedures to handle grievances, approach to investigating issues, usage of grievance redressal
formats
usage of traditional methods of grievance resolution at kebele level
7.6 Database of Information

The Woreda OoEPLAUs maintain a computerised database of all information. These should be maintained on
Kebele and Woreda level basis by development of a user-friendly software. It would contain all information
acquired through the socio-economic survey, the census, and the inventory of assets, not only for affected
households but also for affected communities and Kebeles. Such details would provide the baseline data for the
monitoring and evaluation programme.
The following details shall require to be maintained:
Details of affected persons by PAP ID and photograph
inventory of their affected assets38,
reported primary and secondary occupations and incomes
reported livestock holdings
reported preferences for relocation, skills and income generation options39
details of entitlements due to affected PAPs
payments compensation amounts, other allowances shifting,
provision of training, income generation options
provision of resettlement sites plots and houses
movement or relocation of PAHs by date and place
Dates of land handing over,
amount of compensation received,
assistances received,
The database shall be valuable in maintaining baseline information on all the affected PAHs for subsequent
monitoring and evaluation of the R&R programme. Further it should be able to generate reports on a monthly
basis, quarterly basis and half-yearly basis and a comprehensive annual report by kebele and by Woreda.
Besides qualitative reporting, these reports should contain quantitative reports in accordance with the Annual
Action plan. A suggested template of these reports is given below as follows:
Introduction of the project and details of the R&R program;
38 Data shall be obtained from the census or property survey

39 Data shall be obtained from the PAP preference survey
Annual action plan

List of activities planned for the year;
Institutional details Task carried out as per roles and responsibilities of each involved institution;
Description of process to be/being adopted;
Achievement of planned activities by month, quarter, half yearly and annually;
Issues raised during community meetings and FGD and responses offered;
Constraints/problems experienced if any; and
Tables on physical and financial achievements
Information for these would be gathered from the WPITs, RPCO, MoWE, Regional BoEPLAU and contracted
Income Restoration Agency would feed into this database. All these reports should be submitted by the Woreda
OoEPLAUs to the Regional BoEPALU for processing and forwarding as required to the Regional Project
Coordinator Office (RPCO) for onward transmission to the NPCO and funding agencies. Further these reports
and the database should so devised that is accessible to outside agencies such as External Evaluation
consultants and implementing partner institutions such as NGOs, Development organizations, etc. for looking up
information and generation of reports as required. Besides serving purpose of internal monitoring and Annual
External Evaluation, it shall also serve the purpose of generating reports as required for World Bank supervision
visits. Regional BoEPLAU level will maintain all the information as well.
7.7 Summary of Preferences

The table provides a summary of preferences with respect to relocation and continuing of farming as an
occupation.
Category Sub-Category Amisteya Jara Shikra Medebgubda

PAPs who will Those who have balance land and prefer to 257 119 15
continue with farming remain in rural areas and continue farming (less
than 1 Kada, between 1 and 2 Kada and more
than 2 kada)
Those who have lost all land and relocated to 19 1 0
rural sites (or other lands)
PAPs who will do Those who have balance land in rural area but 15 25 13
farming and live in moved to urban sites ( less than 1 Kada,
urban area between1-2 Kada, more than 2 Kada)
PAPs who have Those who have lost all land and structures and 24 4 50
moved to urban area moved to urban sites
Another critical component of Impact mitigation strategy Income Restoration is presented in next Chapter 8.
CHAPTER 8 INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION
8.1 Income Restoration Strategy

The income restoration strategy is based on the preference survey, wherein no PAP from the reservoir has
preferred to shift to Project Command area to avail of his/her entitlement to a parcel(s) of irrigable land. Instead
they preferred cash compensation despite counseling by kebele administration and Regional BoEPLAU.
Principles in the formulation of the income and livelihood restoration strategy are:
firstly, avoid the change in occupation to the extent possible; and
secondly, if unavoidable, provide PAHs with strong income restoration support for sustained period of time;
and
thirdly, take cognizance of the changed context in terms of occupations for those PAPs who are relocating to
urban sites i.e. address three different sets of PAPs
o those with balance or no landholdings;
o those with balance or no landholdings but prefer to remain in the kebeles; and
o those relocating to urban areas.
Hence, the Strategy shall be to:

judiciously use compensation amount given by provision of effective counselling;
provide PAHs with a development package that has a mix of short-term measures (part time construction
related work) i.e., along with long-term livelihood and income restoration measures i.e. Economic
Rehabilitation Grant and sustainable income earning opportunities;
contract an agency(ies) with solid experience in developing business plans; and
effectively monitor and evaluate the strategy and actions for intended outcomes and revise as necessary
on a timely basis
8.2 Judicious use of compensation and assistance amounts

PAPs who are not used to handling large sums might squander away their compensation money. Hence
judicious usage of compensation amount should be effectively planned and carefully implemented through
appropriate guidance and counseling on investment options. Some suggested measures are:
i) Invest in time deposit schemes: Following provision of entitlement certificate, most (if not all PAPs) would
have bank accounts. Income Restoration Agency (ies) (and WPITs) should advise PAHs to invest in time
deposit schemes offered by formal financial institutions as these are secure instruments for investment with
guaranteed returns. They shall encourage them to invest the compensation in formal saving schemes e.g. time-
deposit schemes even if the banks or credit institutions (Amhara Savings Credit Union) is far from their
habitations, as opposed to exchanging money in institutions such as Iddirs. They should encourage even though
they institutions might have more flexibility. Further if many members of the Iqub are affected partially or fully
the reservoir, then these institutions might themselves become fragile and non-functional. Amhara Credit and
Savings Institution (ASCI), Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, Bank of Abyssinia, etc. operate in Ebinat Woreda town
centres and Debre-Tabor Towns (Farta woreda). Given below are the rates of interest offered by ASCI for
different periods:
Deposit period Interest rate offered
Current account 5% per annum
6 months 5.25% (for a minimum of 10,000 ETB
1 year 5.5%
1.5 year 6%
More than 1.5 year 6.25%
ii) buy another economic income generating asset: WPITs will advise PAHs to use at least part of their
compensation amount to buy another economic asset such as cattle, farm tools (for those PAHs with balance
landholdings) or even take lands on rent if available. In this manner compensation amount would be used to
contribute towards livelihood restoration.
iii) rebuild or enhance house/structure: Even though it is not an economically productive measure, rebuilding or
enhancing house or structure is way to utilize money productively. It could have potential returns, if during the
operations phase of the dam, workers/staff are required to stay in close proximity. The rent accrued from such
accommodation could augment incomes.
iv) Provision of basic financial literacy: As many will be require to handle compensation cash as well as the
project shall provide Basic financial literacy, techniques for development of plant nursery, fodder development,
boat repair skills for reservoir boats (tanquas), fishing techniques, etc. project to all PAHs (or able bodied
members of the household) and other trainings as required to help restore their income. Agencies with proven
experience40 may be contracted for the same. Amount of ETB 500 as Training Grant is provisioned in RAP
budget (See Chapter 10).
8.3 Short and Long term work opportunities with the Ribb Dam
The section below discusses the current and future scenario in terms of work opportunities at the Ribb Dam.
During Construction phase: During the last three years construction works of the Ribb Dam presented
economic opportunities to persons living in areas surrounding the project. Construction contractor had and
continues to give preference to persons from affected kebeles (Amisteya, Medebgubda, Zeha, Jara Shikra) for
unskilled or semi-skilled work such as guards, daily labor, mason, bar vendors, mechanics, machine operator
assists. The Contactor advertises the requirement at the notice board in the construction camp and also at
Administration offices of these two Woredas. Already 1200 workers, including 400 female workers have been
employed/ contracted at rates given below:
Unskilled: Minimum ETB 25/day or Maximum - ETB 45-50/day (on an average)
Skilled: Minimum - ETB 60/day for masons, bar-vendors, machine operator assists, etc.
In addition all food for construction workers is procured from the local population, and from hotels in Addis
Zemen town. As work on Ribb Dam is complete upto 59.45% (as in April, 2014), and proposed date of
completion being June 30, 2015, the construction phase is expected to last for another 15 months i.e.,
work opportunities in the form of labor, canteen services would continue till this period. Based on
recent41 discussions at the Dam contractor, the current pace of construction would require another 200-300
labor. Based on discussions with contractor, it is expected that other factors such as availability of materials,
procurement shall influence progress and nature of construction works but the next 6-7 months are going to see
construction at the peak level It would require another 200-300 labor. As done earlier, the Contractor would
continue to advertise labor requirements at the Camp notice board as well as at kebele/Woreda offices. Project
authorities would provide the contractor with a kebele list of PAHs. However in order to avoid any dissent or
conflict between PAHs and non-PAHs, the Contractor would continue to give preference to persons from these
kebeles than rather than any outsiders or specifically to PAHs.
During Operations phase: Though difficult to estimate the approximate number of persons required, the
operations phase of the Ribb Dam shall bring work opportunities of a temporary as well as permanent nature
such as:
Petty contracts: PAPs shall be given preference in award of contracts for works such as: housekeeping i.e.
cleaning, sanitation, electrical works, security guards, support services, etc.
Provision of work/employment: During operations, workers at different levels such as clerical, supervisor,
data entry operator will be required. Hiring educated youth with necessary skills preferably from PAP
families, rather than bring persons from outside, will be a key income restoration measure
40 Amhara Development Association (ADA) has prior experience of providing financial literacy in Koga Irrigation project
41 Current period is the stage of maximum stage of construction
Licenses for cafetaria services: Provision of licenses and engagement of workers to run cafetaria services
inside project offices is an activity that could effectively engage women and other able bodied persons from
vulnerable households; and
Hiring of light/heavy vehicles: Give preference to PAPs followed by community members from project
affected kebeles, while engaging drivers for light vehicles. If PAPs have any light vehicles that could be used
by the project then engage/contract.
While some functions would need permanent staff, others such as cleaners, drivers for contract vehicles shall be
of a temporary nature. Following this, a roster would be prepared to ensure more persons (PAPs and non-PAPs)
from affected kebeles are given work on a rotation basis as that would help manage large demands for few
opportunities available. Provision of temporary and permanent work opportunities would be monitored and their
impact on livelihood shall be evaluated periodically.
8.4 Income Restoration

While both the above modes are critical components of income restoration, they also suffer from the following
risks:
i. Work opportunities may not be available to all PAHs and/or many PAHs may not be willing for
construction works;
ii. jobs post dam construction may require higher skills than presently available with PAHs. In other words
re- skilling or new skill development would be essential;
iii. compensation money in bank accounts even if significant as paid under displacement compensation
rates may diminish fast despite its judicious usage particularly for those shifting to urban areas as both
the cost of living (and construction of houses in urban area) is higher. It would mean that less money
would be available than what is required to start a non-land based occupation;
iv. while farmers with larger landholdings with two or more than 2 kada (0.5 ha) may experience marginal
impacts, for others with smaller landholdings (less than two kada), displacement compensation will
suffice to overcome only a short period for loss of crop production. In other words, for these PAPs
the balance landholdings will need to be farmed better and supplemented with either land or
non-land based economic rehabilitation options; and
for those PAHs with no balance landholdings alternate livelihoods will have to be explored
based on existing capabilities, indicated preferences and market potential.
From the preference survey and Kebele level disclosure events, balance land holdings of PAHs outside the
reservoir zone were also confirmed.
Table 8.1 - Distribution of PAHs in terms of balance landholdings
Name of Landless Having balance land of Having balance land Having balance Total
Kebele (losing 100% land) less or equal to 1 kada >1 and </= 2 kada land of more than 2
kada
Amisteya 53 107 91 121 372
Jarashikra 6 26 37 78 147
Medebgubda 76 138 119 161 494
Total 135 271 247 360 1013
% 13.33 26.75 24.38 35.54 100.00
% of PAPs are losing 100% of their land: 13.03 % (135 PAHs)

% of the PAPs having balance land of less or equal to 1 kada: 271 (26.75% PAHs)
% of PAPs having balance land more than 1 kada and less than or equal to 2 kada: 24.38% (247 PAHs)
% of PAPs having balance land of more than 2 kada: 35.54% (360 PAHs)
Non-land based activities such as Bamboo works, Metal Works, Tannery, Tailoring, etc. were activities
with negligible or zero preference activities that indicates either their lack of awareness/exposure or
preference to continue with familiar activities that may genuine or out of apprehensions.
From Table 8.1, of the 1013 PAHs, 653 PAHs are having balance landholdings of less than 2 kada (0.5 ha).
Further, findings of the Preference Survey specific to choice of income restoration were:
% of PAHs who indicated preference for Land based rehabilitation options: 65.05%
% of the PAHs who preferred crop production (among those who preferred land based rehabilitation):
88.16%
% of PAHs who preferred non-land based or mix of non-land options: 34.05%
% of PAHs who preferred Petty Trade (among those who opted for non-land or mixed): 60.17%
Non-land based activities such as Bamboo works, Metal Works, Tannery, Tailoring, etc. were activities with
negligible or zero preference activities that indicates either their lack of awareness/exposure or
preference to continue with familiar activities that may genuine or out of apprehensions.
Fishery despite its obvious potential was totally missing
Skill levels are uniformly low in all three kebeles42
For Preference survey findings for each PAH see Appendix 8.1 in CD
As these PAPs (653 PAPs with no balance landholdings or less than 2 kadas or the balance PAPs) lack alternate
skills other than farming their livelihood generation they requires solid income restoration support. While some
have expressed preference to shift to urban areas, others have indicated their preference to continue staying in
their respective kebeles. For all such PAPs, the following are proposed:
a) An Economic Rehabilitation Grant (including Training Grant): to be released in instalments based on certain
conditions; and
b) Support from Income Restoration Agency with specialized skills and expertise in the area for a period of five
years. It will carry out a market assessment study to assess potentials of different in land or non-land based
economic activities trades, develop suitable business plans suit the occupational profile of PAPs and provide
necessary forward and backward linkages
Details are presented below:
8.4.1 Economic Rehabilitation and Training Grant

While judicious usage of compensation amounts and opportunities with Ribb Dam during construction and
operation phase are available to all PAPs, the following specific measures are proposed for two categories of
these PAPs with most impacts.
a) whose balance landholdings is less than 2 kada (0.5 ha): an Economic Rehabilitation Grant of ETB
10000 shall payable (Minimum agricultural wage rates of ETB 65/day X 25 days /month X 6 months and
inclusive of Training) The Contracted income restoration agency would be responsible to support the
purchase of the asset. It and the Woreda level Livelihood Expert would be jointly responsible to assess the
satisfactory completion of each of the above stages, including verification of receipts and authorize release
the payment at the earliest. The Economic Rehabilitation Grant would be payable in 3 instalments in stages
as prescribed below:
Stage Details % of installment
I upon satisfactory completion of training in the chosen income restoration scheme 10
II provision of receipts of purchase of economic asset (livestock for dairy, farm tools, 50
machinery for non-land based) within 3 months of training:
II provision of proof of utilization (running condition of asset) and production of output: 40
. The terms laid in release of payments seeks to ensure:
42 Based on first preference survey conducted in May 2011
i) that the income restoration efforts goes beyond monetary terms for restoring livelihood and attempts to
builds upon or improve the existing skills levels of the PAP;
ii) that the PAP actively seeks support provided by Specialized Income Restoration Agency in the form of
guidance on judicious usage, Training, and other forward and backward linkages (for details see Section
8.4.2 below) and better market reach; and
iii) definitely invests in a productive economic asset that would help to sustain him or her and not squander
away precious compensation money on extravagant non-productive expenditures.
Further, in doing the above, PAH gives him/herself a better chance at livelihood and income restoration and
therein other involved stakeholders a greater chance of providing him/her with maximum support.
a) For other PAPs: a Training Grant of ETB 500 would be payable, besides support from the Income
Restoration Agency. The WPITs will make the payment to the concerned Training Institute and not to the
PAP.
Both these grants would be for the eligible PAP. However, in case if s/he is unable (physically or due to old age),
and then the amount would be transferable to any other able bodied member that the PAP nominates to avail of,
in lieu.
8.4.2 Income Restoration Agency

Ministry will contract an Income Restoration Agency(ies) that will be responsible for support to PAPs and also to
community or kebele efforts specifically on improvements on grazing land. Specific, general and administrative
tasks are listed below. The agency will be contracted for a period of five years.
A. Specific Tasks
Income Restoration programmes need to be designed with reference to the occupational profile of PAPs and
also the prospective host communities/area. Restoration of livelihoods/income of PAPs in land or non-land
based economic activities requires a gamut of measures to be devised and implemented. Backward and forward
linkages are the economic operations, which have to be undertaken as an interface with the market for inputs as
well as outputs. Provision of credit facilities, raw materials, training and other inputs e.g. infrastructural support
for a given activity are examples of backward linkages. Marketing, market information, tie-ups with shops, stores
are the examples of forward linkages. The agency could use following pointers in planning for Income
Restoration:
What are the income levels of PAPs?
What are the constraints and opportunities for income generation?
What are available asset with the PAPs
Will it be possible to continue with agricultural activity or land based activities?
What are the existing skills of the PAPs?
What type of training do PAPs need and is there capacity to provide it?
How many PAPs would like to start their own businesses and are willing to take the associated risks?
Are there any employment opportunities or income generation in the main investment project
Are there any ongoing income-generating or livelihood development programs (e.g., poverty alleviation) in
the project area?43
General and specific activities under the tasks are listed below:
General Tasks: The contracted agency shall

Carry out a baseline income survey for all PAHs and provide inputs to all stakeholders and for RAP
database;44
43 Summary of Handbook on Resettlement, Asian Development Bank

44 Baseline household income survey of May 2011 would need updation both for numbers and changed income/asset status
work in support and as per instructions given by the Social Expert and Livelihood Expert at the Worde/
Regional level;
motivate PAHs in rehabilitation activities particularly as PAHs would not be acquainted with the idea of
rehabilitation, or alternative means of livelihood
be responsible for group formation so as to make to better use of available ERG money by investing a group
based activity or take other lands on rent for cultivation or other land based activity (see activities in
Section 8.5 for examples)
hold consultations meetings with communities, affected PAHs on an individual basis if and as necessary
help develop rapport between project authorities and PAHs,
contribute to the preparation of the periodic progress reports as required.
liaise with all government departments such as Agriculture and Rural Development, Urban Development,
Health Offices, Womens Office, other NGOs, training institutes, cooperatives, etc. as relevant and
necessary to execute the tasks mentioned
carry out other tasks as necessary to satisfactorily execute the assignment
Other Administration Tasks: The Contracted Agency shall further carry out the following administration tasks:
Support WPITs in maintaining accurate records of all expenditure
Contribute to the Annual Action Plan for RAP implementation as necessary
Ensure proper utilisation of the R&R budget available for each of the packages.
Document tasks carried to enable External M&E agency to monitor and evaluate RAP implementation
See Annexure 8.1 for full Terms of Reference for Income Restoration agency.
The RAP disclosure workshop would provide the project authorities an opportunity to reach out to NGOs
operational in field of income generation) in the area and to encourage their participation in RAP implementation.
8.5 Land and Non-Land Based occupations

As per the preference survey, income restoration activities are required for those who shall use available balance
land or change to a new occupation related or unrelated to farming (if there is no balance landholding) by
adopting some income restoration package that is either
Land based; or
Non-Land based.
While reservoir projects by their nature lead to total submergence of land holdings, they also render the
development of alternate livelihood options difficult. Different restoration packages will be required for each PAP
depending on the magnitude of the loss, their levels of vulnerability, their preferences associated to their family
characteristics and other circumstances. Further, these are also to be in line with the market potential of each
activity.
Land based strategies: For those who have balance lands left outside the reservoir zone the following land
based activities are proposed. These include crop and livestock production components. The necessary
financial resources, technical assistance, etc. to implement the crop and livestock components of the income
restoration and improvement project shall be provided by the agricultural and rural development (WoARD),
livestock agencies and Small scale and micro-enterprise offices of the woredas. Details pertaining to each
income restoration activity on the following aspects are presented below:
current demand and supply,

future assessment of demand i.e. potential,
process of marketing and markets for the products,
constraints faced overall in achievement of target/difficulties in start up
strategy and activities as per the latest Regional Plan
Finance and credit; and
NGOs supporting the activity
Crop production component aims to improve their income and wellbeing by enhancing crop production and
productivity.
Activity Crop production component

Description aims to assist PAPs to improve their income and wellbeing by enhancing crop production and
productivity. The main strategy under the crop production includes the following i.e. Intensification:
Improved supply of agricultural inputs (fertilizer, improved seeds, pesticides, etc); Crop Diversification:
Introduction of new crops (e.g. high value crops vegetables, fruits, spices); Natural Resource
Management: Soil and Water conservation; small-scale water harvesting and irrigation, improved
agronomic practices); Commercialization: Marketing support services.
Markets for the Sub-regional and regional markets in Bahir Dar, other towns in Amhara, Addis Ababa, etc.
activity:
Current Food demand is significant particularly in context of increasing prices of commodities
demand and
supply
Future
assessment of
demand and
supply
Difficulties in No specific issue other than accessibility of some kebeles
start-up likely
Strategy and The main strategy under the crop production includes the following:
Activities as Intensification: Improved supply of agricultural inputs (fertilizer, improved seeds, pesticides, etc);
per the 2004- Crop Diversification: Introduction of new crops (e.g. high value crops vegetables, fruits, spices);
2013 (E.C.) Natural Resource Management:
strategic plan Soil and Water conservation; small-scale water harvesting and irrigation, improved agronomic
(relevant practices).
aspects) and
Woreda level,
support the
activity
Finance and Marketing support services. Woreda and Kebele Administrations, WoARD, Micro-Finance Institutions
credit facilities (MFIs), Agricultural Cooperatives all provide support to the activity
Constraints Accessibility to kebeles such as Jara shikra might be an issue;

faced by Some PAPs might be reluctant to continue cultivatation due to reduced land holdings
agencies (past No other specific issue
experience)
NGOs Experienced NGOs such as ORDA
supporting the
activity, if any
Source: Farta WoARD Office, 2012
Livestock production component can enable to improve the income of PAHs as there is degree of familiarity
prevalent already. Also importantly women play a key role in livestock management and especially in milk
production and the processing and sale of milk by-products (cheese, butter). In particular, the livestock
component will provide an ample opportunity to reach female headed households by building on the existing and
accumulated knowledge and skills. The MoARD and Regional BoARD have formulated various livestock
extension packages with details on required inputs and estimates of costs for the different types of livestock
packages. The main types of livestock production packages include: Livestock Fattening Package; Dairy (Milk
Production) Package; Poultry Package; Beehives (Honey and Wax production) Package.
Main Inputs and Support Services include: Access to formal credit services, Training and marketing services,
improved forage production, Animal health/veterinary services. Details of each of these packages are presented
below:
Activity Honey, wax and Beekeeping

Description Amhara region covers 19.35 % of the countrys honey production. Compared with the potential of the
region for honey production, the existing production is very low.
Besides use in food (national foods such as Chechebsa), local beverages such as Tej, it is of
demand in preparation of biscuits and other food items
The harvest per beehive is 25-30 kg at a time while in a year there are two harvests (50-60 kg).
The price of honey in local markets is ETB 45/kg (for production through traditional beehive) and
ETB 60 /kg (for production through modern beehive)
With size of the modern beehives being 1 mtr x 0.5 mtr (L X B) modern beehives, the required land
too is not much of an issue as these can be kept stacked up vertically too rather than horizontally.
The daily labour (not requiring full day) shall be as much as ETB 30/day.
Input cost Beehives 150000; garden preparation 40000;
Training Training costs (per diem and related costs) = 15000; professional follow up
1000 birr/month
No. of beneficiaries 10
Product prices (in ETB) Honey: 90; Wax: 50
Current consumption: Out of the total honey produced by the regions farmers, around 75% of the product is for
demand and market (local market) while the rest is utilized at the household level. However, wax is not effectively
supply utilized by the producers; in most cases, the wax is being sold without purifying the honey (crude honey),
due to the lack of skills of the producers. Target and achieved figures are given below:
Year Honey (in tons) Wax (in tons)
Target Achieved Target Achieved
2002-03 (E.C.) 12951 10456 339 434
2003-04 (E.C.) 60504 11482.3 1348 594
Future The establishment of Bee keeping board at the national level, introduction of honey product to the foreign
assessment of market as well as the availability of interventions by different NGOs on increasing the production and
demand and quality of honey product in the region are the main opportunities. According to the livestock development
supply/potential agency, 198,000 quintal of honey product and 5.6 thousand quintal of wax is needed in the region. To
meet this demand, 30,000 farmers are needed to be engaged in the Bee keeping.
Markets for the Honey marketing starts by collecting honey product from the farmers in the area and taking to the local
activity market. Individual consumers, owners of Tej (local beer) Selling house and small merchants buy from
small traders or the farmers. There are cooperatives who collect such honey from the kebeles and sell it
off in markets in Debre Tabor, Woreta, Bahir Dar and even Addis Ababa. Through process, it reaches to
the medium level traders and then to the high/ large scale traders (exporters) and honey processing
companies..
Current The reason for the short supply is also the traditional mindset of farming and therefore it needs
constraints guidance/counselling
faced or Technical problems or lack of professionals who could provide technical support at the zone level,
difficulties in turnover rate of trained professionals, lack of material input and logistic support, poor health
start-up likely service/health package/,
the unavailability of honey processing, packing and storing machines at the local market at an
affordable price,
limited credit opportunities provided for the farmers for bee keeping
Activity Honey, wax and Beekeeping

Strategy and Training on modern bee keeping technologies(TOT for agents and Training for community members)
Activities as Provision of better bee keeping technology- Taking into consideration and needs and capacity of the
per the 2004- farmers
2013 (E.C.) Extension offices can provide modern beehives (ETB 600) while traditional beehives cost ETB (400-
strategic plan 500). The extension offices can provide these beehives at half the price.
(relevant Training of farmers in modern bee keeping, honey processing and storage by the extension workers
aspects) and Provision of credit and distribution of modern bee hives to the farmers
Woreda level, Linking the PAPs with the already established cooperatives and unions at the kebele and Woreda
support the level
activity Create market linkage to the cooperatives with the exporters and local traders of honey and wax
Link the farmers with the existing NGOs and Institutions providing technical skills on product quality
improvement, marketing and provision of credit facilities for bee keeping.
Improving the marketing process of honey and wax
o Strengthening the already formed unions
o Establish 30-40 new associations and organize these associations into 2 unions
o Establish one federation at the region level
o Improving quality standard and find local market
o Target the foreign market
o Encouraging the jobless youths to be engaged in honey production and processing honey
and wax production
They will be provided with preliminary inputs like modern beehives with bee colonies, printed wax
and assistance in installation. Depending on the climate of the area, transfer hives and traditional
hives can also be used especially in dry areas where rain is scarce.
Finance and Marketing support services are provided by Woreda and Kebele Administrations,
credit facilities WoARD, Micro-Finance Institutions (MFIs) such as ASCI, Agricultural Cooperatives all provide support to
the activity
NGOs ORDA, OXFAM GB, IPMS, SNV Ethiopia, SOS Sahel Ethiopia
supporting the
activity, if any
Source: Annual Report of BoARD, 2002/03 and 2003/04, Strategic Plan Powerpoint, Amhara LDA, Farta Woreda Extn office, 2012
Activity Livestock production

Description Livestock have diverse functions in the livelihood of farmers in the rural parts of the country. It serves
as the source of meat and dairy product, hide and skin and power to till the land.
The majority of the population in the region earns a living by rearing cattle in a mixed farming
system; hence livestock has a higher share /role in the lives of the society as well as the region.
According to the Amhara regional livestock agency, though there is a high demand of livestock
product in the region, still production is very limited and the regions highest potential for the
livestock production has not been utilized effectively.
Current for details, see Boxes on Animal fattening, poultry, etc.
demand and
supply
Future the favorable weather, the availability of livestock species which can survive with the limited fodder
assessment of and health services,
demand and the already existing trend and interest of the farmers in the livestock breeding,
supply/potential the availability of the government agricultural extension and animal health services at the grass root
level
Markets for the Local markets with livestock markets (e.g. Ebinat Woreda Town center), other towns of Amhara region,
activity Addis, neighbour countries such as Sudan etc.
Current unavailability of supportive government policy, lack of trained professionals, the unavailability of
constraints livestock production improvement packages, poor AI and veterinary Services,
faced or lack of working capital are the general constraints.
difficulties in market related constraints,
start-up likely marketing problems for dairy and beef products during the long fasting periods,
poor marketing infrastructures like road and costs of transportation,
poor market information system are some of the major constraints.
Activity Livestock production

Strategy and Implementing participatory development program in selected potential milk areas
Activities as Identify potential areas for milk production
per the 2004- Improve implementation (Fodder, Health , shelter market)
2013 (E.C.) Strategic health services to address the sustainable livestock
strategic plan Design program to overcome the fodder and water scarcity
(relevant Transhumance
aspects) and Protection of special livestock breed(Species) like the Fogera Breeds
Woreda level,
support the
activity
Source: Annual Report of BoARD, 2002/03 and 2003/04, Strategic Plan Powerpoint, Amhara LDA, Farta Woreda Extn office, 2012
Activity Animal Fattening

Description Animal Fattening is an important source for income generation for rural farmers in the region.
Fattened animals become a traditional urban consumption item, ensuring continued and growing
demand.
Woreda Agricultural offices presently have schemes of giving oxens for free to jobless youth
and those who have no land.
However, if the scheme is to be implemented for PAPs, they can at least pay the 50% of amount of
ETB 4000-6000 in advance.
The feed required for fattening is for a three month period is ETB 1500, while injections to avoid
infections are no more than ETB 10-15.
After the fattening period of 3 months, the oxen can be sold at ETB 10000-16000.
ANIMAL FATTENING
Initial investment cost (amounts in ETB) Fencing, animal shed, office, water supply 92950
Training and professional follow up (in ETB) 50000; 1000 birr/month
Operation and Maintenance cost ( in ETB) Purchase of oxen and other operating/maintenance cost: 200000
No. of beneficiaries if done as group activity 10
Other miscellaneous expenses - light, 5000 birr/month
telephone (amounts in ETB)
Product prices (in ETB) Price of ox: 10000/unit; sheep:1500/unit
TANNERY
Input cost (in ETB) Fixed machine cost 120000; working material cost 80000;
Training training costs (includes material costs, per diem and facilitation
costs) 70000
No. of beneficiaries if done as group activity 10
Product prices (in ETB) Belt: 50; Bag: 150 (avg. price); Shoes: 200 (avg. price)
Current In the region, the annual production and consumption of cattle is 750,000 and 27,000 farmers are
demand and involved in the animal fattening under the cattle production schemes. The Amhara region BoARD
supply (Source: indicates that 69,728 tonnes of meat product and 430,112 hide and skin was produced from cattle in the
CSA, GoE) past year. Out of these, 39.66% of meat and 9.97% of hide and skin was produced in the south Gondar
zone.
Year Cattle Hide & skin
2002-03 (E.C.) 1,293,302 469339 (36%) 1,394,000 305,326 (22%)
2003-04 (E.C.) 610141 1021877(167%) 5486000 5214000 (95%)
Note: The target and achievement figures for the cattle hide and skin in the year 2003/04 is added up with the sheep and goat.
There is no separate figure in the reports.
Future Annual demand of cattle to be produced is minimum of 750,000 animals
assessment of To meet demand, 500,000 farmers should be involved in animal fattening.
demand and availability of livestock package, encouraging government policy in place
supply/potential the availability and ability of the cattle species that can be fattened with limited/shortage of fodder.
As per Farta Woreda Animal Extension department, while it is difficult to ascertain the
number of farmers engaged in this activity, certainly as there is a shortage in this woreda,
there is a room for at least about 70-100 households to take up the activity.
Markets for the In the local markets, the main actors are farmers and rural assembles. Farmers sell one or two cattle
activity for the purpose of herd replacement/breeding/, draught, growing, fattening, trading and local
Activity Animal Fattening

consumption in farmers village and rural markets.
In small Woreda towns, small traders and farmers sell cattle for the bigger traders and butchers for
the purpose of Slaughtering, Breeding, and Draught and they trade up to 500-1000 cattle /week
Markets for the same are in Bahir Dar where there is a meat processing factory besides exports to
Sudan.
Current Due to a traditional mind set of farming, not many have taken up this profitable activity.
constraints lack of provision of animals for fattening, lack of variety and nutritious fodder,
faced or likely the poor animal feeding practice in the region,
difficulties in unavailability of enough marketing facilities,
start-up limited buying capacity of the farmers and the unavailability of enough credit and input provider are
the major problems
Fodder shortage is one issue that could have a bearing in light of the decreasing grazing lands, but
there is a fodder development activity currently ongoing under the Tana-Beles project.
Strategy and Making the already started fattening activities sustainable and improving the implementation process
Activities as o Designing implementation packages and implementation
per the 2004- o Supporting people to organize in groups and cooperatives
2013 (E.C.) o Support the existing cooperatives and associations- provide them legal entity and enabling them
strategic plan to work independently establish unions
(relevant o Technical skills development for associations
aspects) and Improving provision of forage and water
Woreda level, Improving provision of animals for fattening
support the Improving the marketing process-
activity Local market
o Constructing market places in collaboration with the city administrations
o Making the purchase of fattened animals to be based on the standard weight of animals
o Establishing system that allows fresh and packed meat to be provided for the local market
o Establishment and utilization of market information system
o Ensure the sustainability of the quarantine service
Foreign Market
o Implementing rules and regulations/provision of license, Utilization of foreign currency, / in order
to make the foreign market more organized and systematic
o Implementing rules and policies to bring the focus on the meat market/selling meat/ rather than
selling animal
o Developing and enhancing the capacity of private sectors. Increase the participation of university
graduates in the private sector. Knowledge transfer, creating job opportunities
o Establish communication channels and linkages among different institutions
Waste Disposal and Environmental Protection
o Waste disposal, Biogas technology, increasing the participation of private sectors
Woredas can provide advisory services to farmers
Finance and Marketing support services are provided by livestock development agency, micro finance Institutions
credit facilities (MFIs) such as ASCI provide support to the activity
NGOs ORDA, ADA
supporting the
activity, if any
Source: Annual Report of BoARD, 2002/03 and 2003/04, Amhara Livestock Development Agency, Farta Woreda Extn. office, 2012
Activity Milk Production and Dairy Product

Description Dairy product is one of the most important schemes in the lives of farmers as livestock and its
product is the most important source of income and food for rural farmers.
In Amhara region, about 93% of the milk product is obtained from the indigenous breeds that provide
one or two liter milk per day. Most rural farmers mainly use this indigenous breeds and use grazing
and crop residues as the major sources of feed thus milk production is very low in the region
compared to the demand.
From efforts made by the agriculture office in the past years such as provision of training, hybrid milk
cows, and improved fodder and strengthening the capacity of the milk producers unions etc., the
outcome indicated that there is the potential that could benefit the farmers and the region better.
Current In the region, the current consumption of milk per individual is 13 litre per year and the product of

demand and one cow is not more than 1.1 litre per day and the milking period is not more than 210 days.
supply (Source: Moreover, out of the total milk product, only 33-35% is supplied for the market.
CSA, GOE) Year Milk
Target Achieved
2002-03 (E.C.) 1,004,154 litre 743,167 litre (74%)
2003-04 (E.C.) 607,278 tone 336,397 tone
Future the need of milk per an individual is 35 litre per year and to meet this demand, 2.25 litre of milk/day
assessment of or 600 litre milk per year should be produced from one cow.
demand and In addition, the amount of milk supplied for the market should be increased to 65% of the milk
supply/potential product.
Markets for the Whole of South Gondar zone as good agro-ecology of South Gondar zone for huge number of
activity livestock and forage development
Sub-regional and regional markets in Bahir Dar, other towns in Amhara, Addis Ababa, etc.
Current Milk marketing in the region is informal, and the participants are producers, caterers and consumers.
constraints Population increment (demand increment for animal protein)
faced or Farmers indigenous knowledge
difficulties in Farmers highly accustomed using of the two bull station and AI services for their cows and heifers
start-up likely General management (poor housing and shelter)
the unavailability of variety and nutritious fodder,
Resource forage management (lack of proper feeding, poor nutritional requirement and shortage of
feeds)
The market is not structured and systematic which can motivate the producers/main actors,
the available animal health services provided by the government lacks quality and consistency,
milk processing machines are expensive,
lack of skill in milk processing, the culture of milk consumption is very low (long fasting season) in
the region.
In addition, because of limited rural road networks and the absence of milk collection systems and
processing facilities in some of the woreda, the flow of milk from rural kebeles to urban centers is
difficult.
In South Gondar zone While formerly all cooperatives produced all products but only three
cooperatives are functional i.e. Dhansit, Biruhfana and Hageretsige. Agela and Hiowet Derash are
not functioning rather they provide raw milk and yogurt to the community. The rest Yabibal (Fogera),
Liwaye (Eastie), Gasaye (Farta) are doing milk-processing.
Strategy and Creating market linkage between the diary farmers, cooperatives and the traders and milk
Activities as processors.
per the 2004- Providing training on milk processing and storing techniques by the extension workers
2013 (E.C.) Ensure the accessibility of health services to all farmers in the existing extension program
strategic plan Ensure effective utilization and provision of inputs such as milk cow breeds, Artificial insemination
(relevant services, fodder improvement interventions etc.
aspects) and Forage and Water Provision
Woreda level, o All strategies under animal fattening
support the Improve the current service coverage by establishing strategic health services that are accessible
activity and sustainable ,
Capacity Building
o Strengthening the capacity of Existing cooperatives
o Training and experience sharing visits
o Building spaces(units) useful or the storing and processing milk
Improve provision of milk processing technologies, training institutes for Diary product
Improving market
o Solving distribution problem, transportation and building different diary product factory
o Promoting on utilization of dairy products in the community. changing the cultural..diary eating
habits of the community
o Provide credit services and training for the private sector and also individuals to encourage
them in order to participate on Diary product business
Establish system to supervise the quality of milk and other diary product
Provide support for increasing the establishment of diary product (milk processing factories(small
and middle level)
Organize the farmers (PAPs) in groups and create opportunities for credit, link them with the

cooperatives or establish new cooperatives
Marketing support services are provided by Woreda and Kebele Administrations
Finance and WoARD, Micro-Finance Institutions (MFIs) such as ASCI, Agricultural Cooperatives all provide
credit facilities support to the activity
NGOs ORDA
supporting the
activity, if any
Source: Annual Report of BoARD, 2002/03 and 2003/04, Amhara Livestock Development Agency, Farta Woreda Extn office, 2012
Activity Goat and Sheep

Description In Amhara region, there are 8.6 million sheep and 4.9 million goats which constitutes 33% and 22 %
of the countrys sheep and goat population
Goat and sheep are one of the major sources of income for the farmers.
For instance in some parts of the region like East Gojam and North Showa, Sheep and Goat
constitutes 22-63% of income obtained from the livestock.
It has varied functions such as source of food (19-23% of food consumption is obtained from sheep
and goat), compost, hide and skin and wool)
While goats and sheep can be bought at ETB 600 each, they can be sold after a four month
fattening period for prices between ETB 1000 - 1500.
The feed for the four month period does not cost more than ETB 400.
Initial investment cost (amounts in ETB) Fencing, animal shed, office, water supply 92950
Training and professional follow up (amounts in ETB) 50000; 1000 birr/month
Operation and Maintenance cost (amounts in ETB) Purchase of goat and other operating/maintenance
cost: 200000
No. of beneficiaries if done as a group activity 10
Other miscellaneous expenses - light, telephone 5000 birr/month
(amounts in ETB)
Product prices (in ETB) Price of sheep:1500/unit
Current demand Demand for goat/sheep is however seasonal i.e. during holidays after the Ethiopian new year in
and supply September for consumption purposes
Of these, 21.03% of meat and 7.8 % of hide and skin were produced in South Gondar zone.
The consumption of goat/sheep meat per an individual is 200 g and the amount of product provided
for the market is 40.955% and 34% for sheep and goat respectively
the demand of sheep and goat meat is 300 gram per individual and market demand (off take rate) is
63.17% and 60.98% for sheep and goat respectively.
Year Goat and Sheep Hide and skin
2002-03 (E.C.) 3,803,678 1,590,430 (42%) 5100,000 4266341 (83.5%)
2003-04 (E.C.) 2,067,559 1808363(87%) 5486000 5214000 (95%)
Future The availability of livestock package, the ability of the existing species to be fattened with
assessment of limited/shortage of fodder,
demand and the regions different type of weather, water resource; and
supply/potential availability of professional assigned at the kebele level directly serving the farmers.
Markets for the All of Amhara region and also the regional market of Addis and outside the country
activity
Current the very limited buying capacity of farmers and the unavailability of enough credit and input provider
constraints organization are the major constraints
faced or Extension offices at Farta and Ebinat Woreda at present do not have any experience in the activity
difficulties in relating to goat/sheep fattening.
start-up likely
Activity Goat and Sheep

Strategy and Supporting people to organize in groups and cooperatives so that they can access the credit, the
Activities as formal market and market information
per the 2004- Creating market linkages with meat exporters and packed meat traders in urban centers
2013 (E.C.) Developing Technical skills of farmers by the extension workers
strategic plan Improving provision of forage and water
(relevant Improving provision of animals breeds for fattening
aspects) and Woreda department can provide all required support to the activity
Woreda level,
support the
activity
NGOs ORDA
supporting the
activity, if any
Source: Annual Report of BoARD, 2002/03 and 2003/04, Amhara LDA, Office of Micro and Small Scale Enterprise, WoARD, Farta
2012
Activity Poultry
Description According to CSA, there are 13 million Poultry in the region which constitutes 31% of the total
population in the country
Chicken used for consumption and eggs are used in preparation of variety of food products biscuits,
pastries.
Newly hatched chicken is ETB 4.50. It takes 3-4 months for them to mature and cost of feed is not
more than ETB 50 for the period.
The full grown ones can be sold at prices close to ETB 100. As it is colder in some parts the
consumption or feed costs might increase. E.g. a group of five persons should take up 15 50
chicken.
While modern incubators are expensive (ETB 50000), there are traditional or cheaper alternatives
available with new rural technologies that are coming through
Current demand According to the CSA,. Food demand is significant particularly in context of increasing prices of
and supply commodities as prices of eggs have gone upto ETB 2/egg.
Year Chicken Eggs

2002-03 NA NA 186121 299321 (161%)
2003-04 6210 ton 4327 ton 34.9 million 25 million(72%)
Future In the region, 1.2 million poultry product is demanded and 250 million eggs are needed for the
assessment of consumption as well as market supply in a year.
demand and
supply
Markets for the Sub-regional and regional markets in Bahir Dar, other towns in Amhara, Addis Ababa, etc.
activity
Current Disease outbreaks, lack of awareness on the poultry health,
constraints limited provision of medicine, the high price of medicine and vaccination,
faced or lack of fodder and the high price of variety and nutritious fodder are among others the constraints in
difficulties in poultry.
start-up likely Market related problems
The price and demand of chicken product is seasonal because of the fasting season.
Moreover, the market information doesnt reach to the producers on time.
Modern animal marketing system is not available in the region, markets are remote, inaccessible
(especially the urban markets) while most customers are urban dwellers, poor market linkage, poor
transpiration system and unavailability of roads are problems in relation of poultry and specifically to
the project area
Activity Poultry
Strategy and Coordinating and collaborating with the MSE to increase the participation of PAPs in poultry for
Activities as meat, egg production as well as in the production of fodder.
per the 2004- Training and building the capacity of farmers in poultry based on the already prepared extension
2013 (E.C.) package
strategic plan Ensuring the provision and access of inputs (Broiler chickens, vaccinations as well as cheek fodder)
(relevant through the existing input distribution program under the extension packages.
aspects) and
Woreda level,
support the
activity
NGOs ORDA
supporting the
activity, if any
Source: Annual Report of BoARD, 2002/03 & 03/04, Strategic Plan Amhara LDA, Micro & Small Scale Enterprise, WoARD, Farta
2012
Specific activities for those shifting to urban areas: Some of these activities such as Bee Keeping, Fattening,
Dairy Production, Poultry Production, Metal and wood works, etc. are potential occupations for those shifting to
urban resettlement sites. The government could give them land for free for the business or they can rent from
nearby farmers. It may not be possible to get land from government in the urban area but they can get from
surrounding kebeles (communal lands) and/or from individual farmers by rent or share. Renting is not a common
practice in the area and the rate for the rent would differ for the type of the utilization and length. Because it may
permanently change the soils fertility level, or topology, etc. Also it may have impact on surrounding unrented
lands too. However Income Restoration agency(ies) contracted for this purpose will be able to provide the right
knowledge.
Fishery: Ribb dam leading to formation of Ribb reservoir would create an artificial body of water and an
opportunity to develop commercial fishing activities. Provision of fishing and other activities such as
boating/ferrying would result in sustainable options. Fishing, fishing nets, processing of fish boating/ferries
across the river, boat making, repair work on boats are some of the possibilities that can be explored and tapped
to develop sustainable business plans. PAPs can be organized in cooperatives at woreda level. Further
aquaculture can be promoted with specialized advice from agencies such as Bahir Dar Fisheries and Aquatic Life
Research Centre, ARARI and Fishing cooperatives etc. as they can provide necessary guidance on all aspects.
Details of the activity are:
Activity Fishery
Description Fishery is relatively a less pursued occupation in the area. As per government authorities no specific
ethnic groups are involved in fishing. A few farmers (or farm labor) practice during lean season.
Though there are fishing cooperatives in Libo-kemkem and Fogera, none are operating in the two project
woredas at present.
Currently 400 farmers are beneficiaries of pond fishery
Number of fishers and fish products has increased within the past 15 year
Because of the increased market demand, increased number of fishers including the illegal ones
and also fishing is being considered as one job opportunity.
Fish catch by type and prices sold are given below:
Prices of fish by type, season and processing (in ETB)
Type of fish Feb-April (high demand season) May to Jan. (normal demand season
Processed by Un-processed by kg Processed by Un-processed by kg
kg kg
Talapiya 50 17 40 15
Barbus 18 8 12 4
Cut-fish 26 9 20 5
Activity Fishery
Prices paid to fisherman by type
Type of Fish Feb-April (high demand season) May to Jan. (normal demand season)
Talapiya 12 8
Barbus 4 2
Cut-fish 5 3
Current demand Fishery is relatively a less pursued occupation in the area The existing demand for the activity is given
and supply below:
Year In quintals
Target Achieved
2002-03 76510 68808
2003-04 8257 26629
Future It is reported that demand for the activity shall increase as the present set of cooperatives operating in
assessment of Amhara region are not providing enough for the fishing merchants.
demand and
supply
Markets for the The local markets for the catch are mainly Woreta, Bahir Dar (approx. 20%) while the main regional
activity market is Addis Ababa (approx. 80%).
Current Unavailability of standard fish pond
constraints Unavailability of enough fish species for breeding
faced or Low level of support and monitoring both from the farmers and experts
difficulties in
Problem of utilization of the ready fish
start-up likely
Unavailability of production materials locally
Skills problem
Culture (low cultural habit of eating fish)
Strategy and Increase product and productivity
Activities as Preparing training manual
per the 2004- Provision of training
2013 (E.C.) Improving the availability of production materials
strategic plan Facilitating Credit Service
(relevant Providing support for investors, associations and organizations who want to participate in the
aspects) and provision of Production materials for fishery
Woreda level Expansion and development of Fish Market
and Enable fish shops to work with their maximum potential
Cooperatives, Building and opening fish shops
support the Promoting fish to be in the diets of the community- Change the fish eating habit of the
activity community
Improving quality of fish production
Install refrigerators with storage capacity- coordination with private investors
Expansion of the fish expansion packages
Implementing the rules and regulations (on fish development production and utilization)
Expansion of fish farming
Pond fish farming expansion at the family level(farmers HH)
Information (on monthly fish production, market on fish product)
Cooperatives can provide:
Support in registering: the fishing groups need to approach the Cooperatives office in the
Woreda.
The fisheries cooperatives can help the new fishing groups mainly by providing training in the
following:
i. Using modern motorboat i.e. how to drive and nets
ii. Processing of fish
iii. Preparation of nets
The cost of modern motor boats is ETB 62,000 while the 9.9 HP engine costs ETB 50,000. However in
place of these expensive motor-boats, tanqwa traditional fishing boat can be used too.
Finance and Fishing cooperatives provide support
credit facilities
Activity Fishery
NGOs None
supporting the
activity, if any
Source: Fisheries and Aquatic Life Research Centre; Lake Tana No. 1 Fishing Cooperative, and Fishery Coordinator, LDA,
Amhara region, 2012 and Annual Report of BoARD, 2002/03 & 03/04
Non-land based plans

Some PAHs, in the preference survey indicated other skills as well, thereby implying prior experience of non-land
activities. As the engagement in non-farm activities varies from one household to the other, the non-land based
income restoration measures will target the following:
a) PAHs with previous experience with non-farm activities;
b) PAHs with no land holdings outside the reservoir area;
c) PAHs with relatively little landholdings and indicating a preference to shift from agriculture to non-
agricultural activities
Details of different activities under manufacturing category (Textile and tailoring, leather, food processing, metal
work, wood work, traditional handcraft and agro processing are presented below:
Activity Metal work

Description Metal works involves producing of doors, windows, chair, tables, etc. A popular activity considering the
increase in construction activities both in Debre-Tabor town (Farta) and Ebinat Woreda town centre.
Input cost (in ETB) For fixed machines 40000 ETB; for working materials: 36261; loan interest
(on a loan of ETB 50000) is ETB 6500/year
Training Needs 10 persons x 70 birr/day x 30 days) = 21000; materials for training:
upto 15000 birr
No. of beneficiaries if taken as 10
a group activity
Other miscellaneous expenses 5000 birr/month
(light, telephone)
Product prices Door 800; windows 500, chair-350, table 800, container (3x3) = 7000,
Current demand Both Ebinat and Farta Woreda towns have approximately 5-10 shops that provide these services
and supply In the year 2004 (E.C.), 254 people were involved in metal work in the south Gondar Zone. Of
these, 179 were through 19 unions, 12 people were under 4 business associations while 61 people
were working individually.
It is reported that ETB 5,22,51,837 was created through market linkages created by the MSE
Future significant demand considering the increase in construction activities both in Debre-Tabor town
assessment of (Farta) and Ebinat Woreda town centre
demand and More can be expected with industrial area proposed in Ebinat Town
supply Dam Project Office, Staff quarters shall require furniture and fittings once functioning can provided
for by the PAPs so there needs to be Buy back arrangement
Rather than set up a separate venture, adequate skill development in this area shall enable PAPs to
get income
According to CSA, in the year 2000 (E.C.), out of the total small scale manufacturing enterprises in
the country, 4.4 thousand (10%) were metal works. And from the total gross value production of
2.79 billion, metal work contributed ETB 419.6 million .(CSA,2010)
Markets for the Addis Zemen, Woreta, Bahir Dar, Debre-Tabor, North Gondar
activity
Current Familiar with occupation very low
constraints Superior quality of fittings, furniture are available from markets such as Bahir Dar
faced or
difficulties in
start-up likely
Woreda level Industrial area proposed in Ebinat Town
support the Metal works require electricity that can be available in town areas such as Ebinat Town and Debre
activity Tabor
Finance and None
Activity Metal work

credit facilities
NGOs ADA, CVM,
supporting the
activity, if any
Source: Annual Report on Small and Medium Scale enterprise, Office of Micro and Small Scale Enterprise, Farta for SMEC,
2012
Activity Tailoring
Description Tailoring is a skill and an activity fairly popular with women. Women Affair offices in both Woredas have
been requested by local women for training in this particular activity.
Input cost (amounts in For fixed machine 70000; for working material 52620; loan interest (on a loan of
ETB) ETB 50000) is ETB 6500/year
Training Per diem for trainers and trainee 24000
Materials for training purpose 10000
No. of beneficiaries if 10
taken up as a group
activity
Other miscellaneous 5000 birr/month
expenses (light,
telephone)
Product prices (in Womens coat 500; trouser 500; womens scarf 170; T-shirt 120; Pack out 50
ETB)
Current demand Both Ebinat and Farta Woreda towns have a few shops that provide these services. Approximately 5-6
and supply shops in Ebinat and 8-10 cloth selling + plus tailoring shops at Debre-Tabor town are engaged in the
activity
In E.C. 2003/04, around 203, people were involved in Tailoring in south Gondar. Among these, 130
(53 male and 97 females) were engaged in the 10 unions, 7 (all women) are in business
associations and the rest 66 (57 men and 9 female) are working individually.
It is noted that ETB 313.794 was earned through the market linkage created by the MSE in the year
2003/04)
Future Difficult to estimate as the requirement shall be more with increase in population. However
assessment of readymade garments from Bahir Dar too are sold in the weekly markets (on Saturday) and suffice to
demand and meet the existing demand.
supply Internal furnishings for the Dam Project Office, once functioning can be provided by the PAPs Dam
Project Office, so there needs to be Buy back arrangement
Markets for the Debre-Tabor town (Farta Woreda), Ebinat Town Centre, South Gondar, North Gondar, Woreta,
activity Addis Zemen towns
Weekly markets (on Saturday at Ebinat Town and on Thursday at Debre-Tabor) help to meet the
demand
Current Inaccessibility of project affected kebeles
constraints
faced or
difficulties in
start-up likely
Woreda level Woreda Womens Affair offices have prior experience of provision of trainings.
support the
activity
Finance and Woreda Womens Affair Office and CARE, Ethiopia provide support to the activity
credit facilities
NGOs ADA (training courses), CVM (has provided sewing machines) and CARE Ethiopia provided microfinance
supporting the for purchase of machines
activity, if any
Source: Office of Micro and Small Scale Enterprise, Farta for SMEC, 2012, Annual Report on Medium and Small Scale Enterprise
2003/04, Consultations with NGOs and CSA, 2010
Activity Bamboo works (furniture)

Description As per Farta Woreda administration, some persons in these project kebeles have experience of bamboo
works.
Input cost (in ETB) Cost of some minor fixed material 20000; working material costs 62500
Training Per diem and training material - 90000
Product prices (in Chair 200; Sofa single 350; Shelf 350; Bed - 600
ETB)
Current demand Both Ebinat and Farta Woreda towns have a few shops that sell these products. Supply is made by
and supply people living within towns and other kebeles in the woreda
Future Difficult to estimate as the requirement shall be more with increase in population.
assessment of Internal furnishings for the Dam Project Office, once functioning can provided by the PAPs so there
demand and needs to be Buy back arrangement
supply
Markets for the Debre-Tabor town (Farta Woreda), Ebinat Town Centre, South Gondar, half of North Gonda zone,
activity Woreta, Addis Zemen towns
Current Inaccessibility of project affected kebeles
constraints Lack of adequate trainings
faced or
difficulties in
start-up likely
Woreda level Industrial area proposed in Ebinat Town and Debre Tabor is an expanding town and is therefore a
support the market. Nearby areas as Gondar too are markets
activity
Finance and Woreda Administration and Womens Affair Office shall provide support to the activity
credit facilities
NGOs CVM (has provided bamboo skills trainings to young orphans)
supporting the
activity, if any
2003/04, Consultations with NGOs and CSA 2010
Activity Food processing and Spice

Description Food processing to produce different types of foods is popular. Food items such as Shiro, Bread,
Enjera, Chilli powder, processed pea are consumed across the country and in Amhara region too.
Input cost (amounts in Fixed machine: 30000; start up material costs and related activity: 20000
ETB)
Training (amounts in 50000
ETB)
Product prices Bread: 1.25; Enjera: 3; Shiro (with Enjera): 10; Chilli powder: 60 birr/kg; packaged
(amounts in ETB) shiro: 30 birr/kg; processed pea: 30 birr/kg; processed bean: 30 birr/kg; processed
chickpea: 25.0 birr/kg
Current demand In south Gondar zone alone, 305 individuals were engaged on food processing, spice and drink
and supply through 19 unions, business association and also individually by their own
It is reported that ETB 1152.90525 is created through the market linkage by the zone MSE
Future food processing contributed ET419.6 million birr (11%) of the total 2.79 billion gross product
assessment of obtained from MSE nationally.(CSA,2010)
demand and The Debretabor University with its increasing student population and also the increasing population
supply in the urban and semi urban areas is one of the market opportunities
Markets for the Debre-Tabor town (Farta Woreda), Ebinat Town Centre, South Gondar, North Gondar, Woreta, Addis
activity Zemen towns
Current Marketing support services by Woreda, WoARD, Micro-Finance Institutions (MFIs), Agricultural
constraints Cooperatives all provide support to the activity
faced or
difficulties in
start-up likely
Activity Food processing and Spice

Woreda level As per its zoning exercise, Ebinat Woreda has already planned for industrial space for setting up
support the different types of industry.
activity
Finance and Marketing support services. Woreda Administrations, WoARD, Micro-Finance Institutions (MFIs),
credit facilities Agricultural Cooperatives all provide support to the activity
NGOs none
supporting the
activity, if any
2003/04 and CSA 2010
Activity Petty Trade

Description Small-scale trade basically involves the buying and selling of goods (selling all kinds of small value
items soaps, shampoos, locks, cigarettes, daily consumables, mobile pre-paid cards, etc.
It is one of the most widespread types of non-farm activities in the project area as it is basically a
low skill trade and requires minimum capital investment and can be set up easily as a street vending
activity.
Current demand Debre-Tabor town (Farta Woreda) has an estimated 50-60 shops
and supply In Ebinat Town Centre, there are at least 40-50 engaged in similar trades. In addition weekly
markets (on Saturday) more than suffice to meet the existing demand
Demand is more particularly post fasting season
Also there are other markets that residents of these kebeles approach for their requirements
Future Many PAPs are already familiar with and have some experience in this field of activity.
assessment of
demand and
supply
Markets for the Debre-Tabor town (Farta Woreda), Ebinat Town Centre, South Gondar, half of North Gonda zone,
activity Woreta, Addis Zemen towns
Current Lots of persons already engaged in the activity. Further, many PAPs have expressed interest in petty
constraints trade during the preference survey. However there is too much of competition in this field and if PAPs
faced or shifting to town areas were to take up this activity, the returns can be low. While existing Petty traders
difficulties in could benefit from increased number of customers, any PAPs taking up Petty Trades would be perceived
start-up likely as an impact and threat to the existing business by host community
Woreda level Ebinat Woreda can support the activities by providing work sheds to the PAPs at nominal rents; Debre
support the Tabor has weekly markets and the municipality can be approached for provision of space to PAPs
activity
Finance and Loans from Banks
credit facilities
NGOs No specific NGO
supporting the
activity, if any
2003/04 and CSA 2010
8.6 Consultations with Potential Partner Agencies

Consultations were held with a few major development agencies that operate in the Amhara region. These
agencies were identified based on their working experience in the region and particularly in the affected
Woredas. The purpose of the meetings was to:
i. identify their areas of operations by sector,
ii. possible role in developing and supporting the development programs particularly land based and non-
land based resettlement strategies;
iii. strengths that can be used to supplement the capacity gaps of the Woredas in RAP implementation of the
RAP.
An assessment of these agencies is given below.
ORDA (Organization for Rehabilitation and Development in Amhara)

Description: ORDA is a government organization that has operations in various sectors/sub-sectors such as:
Food Security and Agriculture Development program (Crop production and protection, horticulture
development, livestock development, income generation and marketing, disaster and risk mitigation,
etc.)
Natural Resources management (forestry development, nursery management, seedling plantation, etc.);
Watershed development/soil and water conservation measures (watershed management and
delineation, community participation and capacity building)
Water resource development program (water supply, hygiene and sanitation, irrigation development and
infrastructure development);
Gender and HIV Aids (Gender, HIV/Aids)
Further sub-topics include: nursery site development, seedling transportation and plantation, safe water supply,
hygiene and sanitation irrigation development, infrastructure development, crop production, income generation
activities and marketing horticulture development, apple development, household asset building, beekeeping,
gender and HIV Aids intervention. As part of these they undertake support to many schemes organized around
the communities and in close coordination with the Woredas. They receive funding from both government and
other international donors i.e. IFAD, USAID, etc. and have devised and implemented programs of duration
between 1 and 2 years. Reportedly, they have experienced success in many such ventures such as apple
production a change from the routine farming for the farmers. They provide seeds and other inputs such as
training, facilitation to access markets, etc. They take contribution from farmers for such group activities either
in cash or kind amounting to about to 10-15%. ORDA further in engaged in facilitation of credit access through
cooperative credit system and also savings through Village Savings and Loan groups.
Assessment: They have skilled and experienced personnel in all sectors. Their broad set of activities and
experience is significant for integrated planning and implementation. Their experience in land-based income
generation activities, facilitation of credit, group savings, etc. is of relevance. Also, of particular relevance would
be in provision of support/training to Woreda Project Implementation Teams to supplement existing capacity and
also role in capacity building and implementation of livestock improvement programs.
Amhara Development Association

Description: It is an association, NGO working in the Amhara region for about 21 years. They are engaged in
three key areas education, health and skill training including entrepreneurship. They provide functional adult
literacy programs and have prior experience in working in Koga wherein they provided basic education to farmers
to help them calculate incomes of the produce they sell in the market. They have also provided capacity support
in Reproductive health programs. They operate on a membership basis and have members in all woredas and
they get their financing from such members who contribute for development purposes. 30% of the amount is
sent to the Head office while the remaining 70% is retained at the Woreda and managed by the Steering
committee that decides the activities. Finally they provide tools after training and connect the trainees to the
buyers thereby facilitating much required market linkages. While they have some skilled and experienced
personnel who can provide comprehensive support, they can also hire from outside, if required.
Assessment: Their skills and experience shall be relevant with respect to capacity enhancement initiatives and
also in establishing market linkages particularly for potential non-land based income generation activities as well
in providing functional literacy for PAPs.
CVM (Italian NGO)

Description: It is an NGO that operates on many land based and non-land based income generation activities.
They also work on HIV prevention and care and support for vulnerable and HIV affected people. They have
worked with many small and large programs wherein they provide training and follow up support in terms of
provision of seed money, etc. They have different donors funding such activities as bamboo skill training for
young orphans. They have experience of providing training on sewing machines. Their key concern is of
adequate monitoring support that includes periodic reporting and development of quality indicators that shall help
monitor progress both in terms of capacity and for eventually withdrawal. They prefer to develop activities that
preferably have a linkage to the past occupation and skills of farming.
Assessment: Their strengths lie in extensive experience in developing specific income generation programs
following a careful process of identifying skills of households to the potential activities or in evaluating these
programs. Also they expect clear defining of roles and responsibilities all involved agencies
Concern Ethiopia (Ebinat Woreda)

Description: The focus area of the Concern Ethiopia is Amisteya kebele as Ebinat woreda is one of the food
insecure woredas. Their major program is Emergency relief program. Major components of the program are:
provision of Supplementary foods to malnourished children between the age groups of 6 month to 5 years and
also to pregnant and breast feeding mothers. Besides, they also provide capacity building trainings for the health
extension workers on how to address the needs of malnourished infants and mothers. Another activity is the
provision of health education for mothers about vaccination, family planning, preparation of nutritious foods for
family members/mothers. They educate people on how to prepare nutritious foods from horticultural vegetables.
They do not operate any livelihood programs.
Strategy adopted: They have their own indicator- malnourishment indicators and provide criteria to the committee
at the kebele level for selection of beneficiaries. The beneficiaries can also be food security participants. At
present they have 55 infants, 10 breastfeeding and 10 pregnant mothers. But in other Kebeles where the
problem is chronic, we have more than 200 beneficiaries. (Amisteya, Zeha, Serawude and debir kebeles) are
relatively better compared with the other kebeles.
Difference between Concern program and PSNP: Their program provides supplementary foods only and does
not provide crops and cash (credit) like PSNP. Beside they provide it for free which is different from PSNP,
where provision is based on the services i.e. beneficiaries should first contribute something or participate in
different development activities like soil conservation and environmental protection, following which they will be
provided with the crop.
Other NGOs working on livelihood rehabilitation in the kebele: Previously ORDA had a project in this kebele now
their project phased out and they had different programs. WFP and UNICEF are also working and they do not
implement but they provide financial and technical support.
Assessment: Their experience is relevant and could be relevant to ensuring food security to PAPs.
CARE Ethiopia (Farta Woreda)

Description: They currently operate programs on clean water supply. Building water wells and springs; provide
training for WASH management committee, skills management financial management five to six days training.
Separate skills training for two people on renovating the water wells.
Experience in livelihoods restoration/income generation: Previously they have worked on IGA, but presently
work on provision of BBS (basic business skills) as an entry point for WASH. In the previous program, the
beneficiaries establish saving group (Self-help group) and start saving depending on their capacity. Then they
form rules and regulations and start borrowing it one by one. One self-help group constitutes from 20-30
members. Have saving advisors (two advisers assigned in each kebeles and provide them training too. There are
different potential IGAs in the project area. The problem is finding market and creating linkage but many business
opportunities will be there a serious assessment is conducted. It suggested that the project plan something on
the livelihood rehabilitation of the affected people, they have no skills other than farming and provision of
compensation alone would not help.
Budget costs for trainings: Micro Credit and finance institution which provided the training and also purchased
bee hives and weaving machine. The trainees then produce their own weaving machine and bee hive (replicating
what is bought). They were also provided with some other tools initially.
Assessment: Even though they no longer carry out IGA, their experience is relevant, particularly in group
formation activities.
Implementation Mechanisms and Monitoring and Evaluation of Income Restoration are covered in Chapters 10
and 14 respectively.
CHAPTER 9 GENDER ACTION PLAN
Displacement disproportionately affects vulnerable groups who bear a much more significant risk of severe
impoverishment and are less likely to adapt and rehabilitate without support measures that takes cognizance of
their vulnerabilities. Further, as peoples skills, aptitudes, resources and preferences vary, their responses to
displacement problems and resettlement opportunities too vary. Women constitute a vulnerable group because
they may be excluded from participation at planning and implementation stages and as a consequence are often
exposed to greater risk of impoverishment. The chapter presents a gender analysis, followed by responses by
women PAPs to the preference survey and a list of measures aimed to provide them requisite support.
9.1 Gender Analysis

Gender Mainstreaming field manual45 for water and sanitation projects was used as a guideline to identify and
assess the nature and extent of impacts on female PAPs. Gender issues were mainstreamed during preparation
stage by deploying various techniques meetings with Women Affairs Departments at Woreda and kebele
levels, FGDs with womens groups, socio-economic and preference surveys. Gender analysis was conducted to
identify positive and adverse impacts on the project affected women and the existing situation is presented
below:
Role of Women in the project area: Women actively participate in all aspects of agriculture such as weeding,
harvesting, land preparation, sowing and threshing except ploughing. They also have a major role in livestock
production. In the household too, they prepare food, clean and manage the house, fetch water, collect firewood
and take care of children, elders and other members of the family.
Gender Inequality and Discrimination: Different reasons have hindered women in enjoying their rights; benefit
from available development opportunities and in decision-making. These include the gender division of labor,
patriarchal systems working against women, limited membership in local institutions, gender biases of, and lack
of access, to other critical resources and services. Harmful Traditional Practices (HTPs) such as early marriage
worsen their situation. Landlessness, lack of financial capital, skills and capacity are major economic problems
faced by rural women.
Limited control over Property and economic opportunity: Women have less control over property and other
resources despite their active role in earning income. In Amhara region, majority of the rural women are farmers
and even though land is a major asset in agriculture, womens access and control over land is limited. About 47%
of rural women in Amhara region own less than 1 ha of land. The proportion of households owning less than 0.5
ha is higher among female-headed households (41%) than male-headed Households (15%).46
Due to the adverse impacts induced the project, female PAP (including female headed households) would suffer:
as their sole economic asset is taken away either in full or in part;
physical displacement would lead to loss of family and community networks; and
lack of exposure to outside world would increase their inability to take up work outside their area
9.2 Women in the Project Area

The project impacts 308 (30.40%) female owners. There 102 female owners in Amisteya kebele, 47 in Jara
Shikra and 318 female owners in Medeb Gubda respectively. The life of women in the project area is
characterized by subsistence mixed farming, traditional and cultural values. Illiteracy, limited or no exposure to
the outside village due to remote location of kebele are dominant characteristics. The remote location of the
kebeles particularly due to the difficult terrain of Medebgubda and Jara-Shikra kebeles, hinder women from
having adequate contact with world outside their kebele.
45 Website of Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia
46 ANRS DPPC,2006
Table 9.1 No. of female PAPs remaining loss of land and structures
Name of Total PAP losing PAPs PAP have PAPs have PAP has balance
Kebele all land losing balance land balance land less land greater than or
structure less than one than two kada (>1 equal to two kada
kada47 and < 2 kada)
Amisteya 102 18 20 14 33 37
Jara Shikra 47 0 2 1 10 36
Medeb Gubda 159 32 29 20 51 56
Total 308 50 31 35 94 129
Positive Impacts: Project will bring the following positive economic and social changes
Training in modern farming for those with balance landholdings outside of the reservoir affected area;
Reservoir fishery would be a potential occupation for those interested; and
Opportunities to sell different products due to improved infrastructural facilities and new population during
the dam operation, would be enhanced.
From the preference surveys, 31 females are those losing structures and relocating. Of the total 30 females are
relocating to urban sites while 1 is relocating to Amisteya rural land site (See Table 5.17, Chapter 5 on Project
Impacts). In terms of preferences for income restoration, 64.15% of females Medebgubda preferred Crop
Production on their balance land holdings, with balance indicating Petty Trade. In Jarashikra too, 95% preferred
Crop Production. In Amisteya, responses were mixed with nearly a quarter of the total, preferring either crop
production or Petty Trade or a mix of two or more than two trades. Livestock Fattening, Poultry Production,
Beehive (Honey and Wax production) were very low amongst preferred trades either due to lack of knowledge or
due to traditional mindset of farming.
Table 9.2 Preferences for Income Restoration indicated by female PAPs

Name of Total Preference for Trade for income restoration
Kebele females Crop Livestock Dairy Milk Poultry Beehive Petty Multiple
production Fattening Production Production Honey Trade trades
Wax
Amisteya 102 25 2 16 9 2 23 24
Ayvaniva not taken
Jara Shikra 47 45 2
Medeb 159 102 0
0 0 0 0 57
Gubda
9.3 Gender Strategy and Action Plan

Gender strategy aims at involvement of women at all stages of project and seek to provide them with adequate
support measures in their rehabilitation efforts by utilizing services of professional agencies. It would require to:
i) incorporate gender considerations at planning and implementation stages;
ii) involve agencies with proven skills in handling womens issues such as Womens Affairs Office and other
grassroots organizations/ associations that are operational in the area; and
iii) ensure they have a voice by providing adequate representation in mandatory committees and implementing
institutions such as agencies to be contracted for External evaluation and Income restoration.
Action Plan includes the following mitigation measures.
9.3.1 Specific mitigation measures

During the implementation of RAP, the specific measures are as follows:
i) Payment of compensation and allowances: Since land is jointly owned, the compensation would be
payable to both women and men equally rather than only to the male. Further, if the amount of
compensation is small (below ETB 250), then it is recommended that payment be made in cash to these
women PAPs as the cost of transaction travel plus opening and maintaining a minimum balance in the
Bank account might deter them taking any money. Payment would be made in the presence of members of
the kebele administration and community;
ii) Usage of Training budget: In cases where the PAP is a male with any disability, attempt would be made to
counsel the PAP to let the female in the family utilize the training budget and provide her with a suitable
training program.
iii) Location and/or development of residential unit in resettlement sites: Include female PAPs in
Relocation committees to ensure that cognizance is taken of womens role, tasks and contribution to the
household. Therefore planning of access paths, location of community facilities are critical aspects to which
women can contribute effectively as they are primary users. These actions would lead to a well-developed
resettlement site as well as reduce their burden significantly. Also as per Entitlement Matrix, support shall
be provided in the design and re-construction of residential and other structures at the new site to vulnerable
female PAPs.
iv) Capacity building: Provision of training financial literacy, other useful skills such as tailoring, embroidery,
bamboo work, etc. shall help augment womens capacity to undertake non-farm activities. The agency
contracted for Income Restoration, in collaboration with the Microenterprise and Finance Office, and WoARD
would ensure requisite training and credit.
v) Income restoration: The contracted IR agency and Woreda Livelihood experts will hold separate meetings;
assess their skill levels, interest, aptitude and risk-taking ability and plan suitable income restoration
measures (farm or non-farm based as preferred). Emphasis would laid on well explaining to the females the
potential pitfalls of pursuing Petty Trade as too many pursuing the same trade would cut into each other
potential earning.
vi) Include gender aspects clauses in Contracts: Project authorities would include relevant clauses in the
scope of work during the post-construction/O&M stages of the Ribb Dam to give preference to women.
These could include works such as housekeeping, maintenance of staff quarters, canteen, gardening, etc.
vii) Facilities at Construction Camps such as Day crche facilities will help solve the problems of such women
who can leave behind their children in such a crche and work for the day in the construction activities. In
case, owing to the demand of a fast construction, a 24 hour-long work-schedule would be in operation, then
women, especially the mothers with infants would to be exempted from night shifts as far as possible. Civil
works contractor shall be responsible for the above interventions to the maximum extent possible and
suitable provisions in this regard are incorporated in the bid documents.
viii) HIV/AIDS and STD awareness campaigns about the possible spread and transmission of HIV/STDs. will
be conducted by the female extension workers in the project area for the entire community.
ix) Participations during consultations would be ensured WPITs, Woreda Administrations and other
implementing institutions at all levels would particularly as they would make presence of women PAPs in
consultations as mandatory, and hold separate meetings. Participation of representative(s) of the Womens
Affair Office would be ensured in such meetings;
x) Involve Women Affairs departments in the WPITs and womens associations at Kebele and Woreda level,
local Organisations/NGOs in RAP implementation and other project related aspects.
9.3.2 Role of Women in Monitoring and Evaluation
All aspects of RAP implementation compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation, would be monitored &
evaluated by using gender sensitive indicators. Table 9.3 presents a set of indicators
Table 9.3 Gender Sensitive Monitoring Indicators
Parameters Indicators
Physical Total number of female PAPs affected by kebele
Number of female PAPs that have become landless i.e. lost all 100% of their landholding by kebele
Total number of female PAPs with balance landholdings classified by (0.25 0.5 ha; 0.5 to 0.75 ha;
0.75 to 1.0 ha; 1.0 ha to 1.5 ha and 1.5 ha and above)
Financial Number of female PAPs paid compensation (disaggregated by gender and quarter)
(compensation/ Number of female PAPs not paid/received compensation (disaggregated by gender and quarter) by
establishment) type of reason unwilling to open bank account as amount is too small; are not living in the area, etc.
Resettlement Number of female PAPs who shifted to resettlement sites by Phase
and Number of female PAPs who shifted to other unaffected parcels
rehabilitation Number of female PAPs who continue to reside in the same areas as before i.e. same kebele
Number of female PAPs provided with plots and houses by Woreda
Number of female PAPs provided with transportation arrangements to shift their belongings by
Woreda
Number of female PAPs who continue same primary occupation as before (farming, petty trading)
Number of female PAPs who have preferred to change occupation from land based to non-land based
activities
Number of female vulnerable PAPs by skill type
Number and type of income generation options accepted by female PAPs (landless)
Number of female PAPs enrolled into ongoing government programs (by type)
Number of female PAPs and other vulnerable PAPs who have invested compensation amount into
any productive economic asset e.g. ox, tool/machine implement for economic activity
Social (Health) Number of counseling sessions attended to by female PAPs (by category) on HIV/Aids
Number of female PAPs and non PAPs (females) provided with LLINs
Number of meetings specifically held with respect to Malaria and HIV/Aids
Number of female Health Extension Workers working in each Kebele and Woreda
Processes Number of female PAPs counseled on judicious usage of compensation amount
Number of FGDs held with communities by category and by kebele
Type of issues raised, discussion points of each FGD
Number of FGDs held with female PAPs by kebele
Number of trainings provided by implementing agencies to female PAPs by type of training
Number of visits by female PAPs for redressal of grievances
Number of female PAPs who have approached courts
Institutional Number of female officials (Womens Affair office, Health office, HEW) working in or with WPITs
Number of female members in each Committee (Relocation, Compensation Grievance Committee) by
Woreda and Kebele
Number of female members in each Committee by Woreda and Kebele
Number of members of each grievance committee disaggregated by gender
Number of females in the Income Restoration Agencies by position
number of females as members of the External Evaluation Agency
See Annexure 14.1 for full list of monitoring indicators. Evaluation of Outcomes will consider the following broad
parameters. See Table 9.4
Table 9.4 Parameters for assessing quality of life

Parameters Pre-project baseline Annual End of project
Annual income values evaluation evaluation
Occupation
Landholding
Material assets
Access to basic services
House type
9.3.3 Representation in Committees and Institutions

Details of representation of women in Committees and implementing institutions are presented below:
i) Representation in Committees: Women PAPs (2) from the respective kebele would have proportional
representation in the Relocation/Resettlement Committee. E.g. 2 Displaced PAPs or their female
representatives of Farta Woreda will constitute the Committee. Their specific role would be: provide inputs
and also be required to supervise the readiness/preparation of the respective resettlement site; and convey
back to their communities on the status. Likewise, at least 2 women will be part of the Woreda level
Grievance Redressal Committees constituted for compensation related case.
ii) Women as key personnel in the Contracted Agencies: The services of Agencies to be contracted for
Annual External Evaluation as well as for Income Restoration will be procured to implement the RAP
following certain conditions:
The agency must propose at least one woman as part of the key personnel. The proposed women key
person shall be available to work at site for at least 50% of the duration of the contract.
That the women key persons, if selected for the contract, may be replaced during the period of
contract, only with women key persons of equivalent or better qualifications and experience.
The agency will depute a 'technical/sub-professional' team to work at the site, which will consist at least
33% of women members. Junior support personnel and administrative staff/drivers will not be
considered as technical/professional.
External agency contracted to carry out Annual External Evaluation & for Income Restoration would
have at least one woman member as key personnel in the team.
CHAPTER 10 INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK
Reservoir formation and resultant displacement leading to a change in livelihood patterns (land or non-land
based) has inherent risks even if impacted assets are adequately compensated. In order to ensure that the
process of compensation, resettlement and economic rehabilitation is well managed, support of and coordination
by various agencies is a pre-requisite. Various agencies would be involved as resettlement and rehabilitation
operations includes development of alternate resettlement sites, alternate livelihood restoration measures and
prolonged period of re-establishment of livelihoods and restoration of income. A mix of institutions government
agencies at the Woreda and Regional levels and specialized technical agencies would be involved in RAP
implementation. The PAD and PIM of ENIDP and also the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between
MoWE and ANRS dated November 21, 2010, indicate the roles and responsibilities of different institutions and
the reporting linkages between them.
10.1 National Level

MoWE through its Irrigation and Drainage Department will be responsible for the overall project coordination.
Details of federal level institutions are presented below:
National Project Steering Committee (NPSC): Steering committees will provide guidance to the Project
Coordination Offices (PCOs) on management and implementation of the project at both Federal and Regional
levels. At the Federal level, a National Project Steering Committee (NPSC) has been set up that is chaired by
the State Minister of MoWE, and has the National Project Coordinator (NPC) as its secretary. Membership
includes range of stakeholders including, but not limited to, representatives of MoARD, EPA, and MoFED at the
federal level, and heads of Amhara BoWRD, BoARDs, Co-operative Promotion Agency (CPAs) and BoEPLAU.
The NPSC is responsible to:
ensure pertinent government water sector policies and project objectives are adhered to;
review and approve annual programs, work plans and budgets;
monitor and evaluate the progress of the project; and
provide guidance and advice to the project.
The NPSC meets at least twice annually and cost of these meetings is financed by the project.
National Project Coordination Office (NPCO): MoWE has established a Project Coordination Office (PCO),
headed by NPC. The NPCO is assisted by consultants and contractual staff in the areas of finance, contract
administration/ procurement, M&E and for PPP development. The specific role and responsibilities of MoWE
with respect to RAP preparation and implementation are as follows:
a) identify eligible PAPs through the contracted RAP consultant;
b) together with the relevant regional bodies Woreda PIT, BoEPLAU (Amhara), verify the list of eligible PAPs
and the amount of compensation;
c) prepare budget in accordance with the RAP;
d) pass the order of payment of compensation together with the list of PAPs, to the regional Woreda Finance
office;
e) receive accounting report periodically;
f) receive account books once payment of compensation is completed; and
g) allocate budget to the temporary woreda accountants
A Sociologist is deployed at MoWE for provision of necessary support in review of RAP documents, facilitating
and liaising with RPCO and Regional BoEPLAU on preparation of budget for compensation and assistances
payment. S/he will be also participate in:
a) internal quarterly monitoring by undertaking field visits
b) contribute to preparation of RAP implementation progress reports for submission to and review by WB
task team; and
c) Responsible for necessary coordination of events such launch workshop and annual review workshop
10.2 Regional Level

Roles of different regional bodies who would be involved in RAP implementation are given below:
10.2.1 Regional Project Steering Committee (RPSC)

RPSC has been formed under the chairmanship of the Regional President and comprises members from
Bureaus of Water Resources Development (BoWRD), Agriculture and Rural development (BoARD);
Environmental Protection and Land Administration and Use (BoEPLAU), Co-operative Promotion Agency, Food
Security and Disaster Management Office, Health, Planning and Economic Development, Trade and Industry,
Womens Affairs Office and representatives of at least two Water Users Associations. Membership as required
can be extended to representatives from local universities, NGOs and private sector organisations. The RPSC is
responsible to:
oversee the implementation of the project within the region,
approve Annual Work plans and budgets;
monitor and evaluate the progress of the project; and
provide guidance and advice to the Regional Project Coordinator and the implementing agencies.
The Committee meets at least quarterly and cost of these meetings is financed by the project.
10.2.2 Regional Project Coordination Office (RPCO)

A RPCO is operational at Bahir Dar, Amhara Region that is appointed by the Office of the Regional President,
located at BoFED. The RPCO is assisted by full time contractual staff in the areas of M&E and database
management. It is responsible for coordination of project activities among different participating agencies,
particular BoEPLAU, BoWRD and BoARD. It also liaises with concerned Woreda administrations. Its role
specific to the RAP implementation is to: i) provide funds to the Regional BoEPLAU for RAP implementation; and
ii) receive and review reports.
Regional BoEPLAU: The roles and responsibilities of BoEPLAU are the following:
a) carry out duties in accordance with laws regarding expropriation;
b) carry out valuation of properties of PAPs eligible for compensation and measurement of land together with
appropriate bodies;
c) approve list of PAPs eligible for compensation prepared by Farta and Ebinat Woreda and pass to MoWE
together with necessary information and details of payment; and
d) decide on estimate of compensation in accordance with its duties
Regional Bureau of Finance and Economic Development (Amhara BoFED): The roles and responsibilities
of BoFED are the following:
a) give the necessary orders to the Woreda in order to carry out its duties successfully;
b) open a bank account near to the Woredas for payment of compensation payment;
c) supervise and support Woredas in the process of payment of compensation; and
d) give necessary training to the temporary accountants and treasury.
Social Development Specialist: MoWE has employed a Social Development Specialist on a contractual
basis. The Specialist will report to BoEPLAU, Amhara and will liaison OoEPLAU of the project affected
woredas. The Specialist will also have horizontal relationship with the Woreda Project Implementing Teams as
well as RPCO. The objectives of the social development specialists service are to:
a) establish regular communication with key implementing agencies and agree on implementation plan and
budget, roles and responsibilities as agreed in the RAP
b) maintain day to day contact with local communities to ensure that they are informed and their concerns are
addressed immediately.
c) ensure that activities outlined in the RAP such as measurement of assets, notification for land acquisition,
relocation and compensation are done on time in a transparent manner and compensations are as specified
in the RAP.
d) ensure that the grievances are addressed in time and adequately in accordance with the grievance
mechanism outlined in the RAP.
For detailed scope of services of Social Development Specialist48 refer to Annexure 10.1. In addition the
specialist would be required to provide information as necessary and provide support to / liaison with the
agencies that are contracted for Income Restoration, Annual External Evaluation, etc. that are involved in
implementation
10.3 Woreda level institutions

Roles and responsibilities of Woreda level institutions are given below:
Project Implementation Team (WPITs)
WPITs of Farta and Ebinat are established for the Project, in collaboration with respective Woreda
Administrations. These comprise heads of the Woredas of Agriculture and Rural Developoment (WoARD),
Water Resources desk, Finance, information, SME/SMIs and other relevant offices with the Head of WoARD as
the Team Leader. Further they comprise representatives from the Womens Affair Office and Health Offices. At
least three (3) members of the committee shall be women. Depending upon the tasks, WPITs would organize
their work into smaller teams or sub-WPITs in order to carry out multiple tasks in parallel. The WPITs will be
responsible for disseminating project information to the communities. Specifically, it will carry out the following
activities:
Compensation related tasks
opening of Bank accounts for PAPs;
preparation and provision of Entitlement Certificate
issuance of Notification of expropriation;
payment of compensation and task of vacating of land;
Relocation and Resettlement related tasks
hold meetings with those PAPs who are to relocate level with host community;
develop resettlement sites;
make arrangements for the process of relocation of PAPs to a identified resettlement site; and
provide necessary support in reconstruction of houses, particularly to vulnerable PAPs;
Rehabilitation Income Restoration related tasks
disseminate information to PAPs;
support implementation of Income Restoration Activities (by supporting the contracted specialized agency);
facilitate meetings at Kebele level and with host community
develop special assistance plans for each of the vulnerable households;
provide necessary support in implementation of farmer trainings
support mitigation measures for kebele
o commence tree nursery/plantation programs in identified lands within kebeles and other
extension activities;
o support HEWs in administration of Anti HIV/Aids and Anti-Malaria measures;
support Internal Monitoring of RAP (by providing necessary information to the higher authorities);
Woreda OoEPLAUs (Ebinat and Farta): The roles and responsibilities of OoEPLAU are the following:
a) carry out its duties in accordance with land regarding expropriation;
48 Includes the scope of services of RIDP as a whole i.e. tasks for command area as well
b) carry out valuation of properties of PAPs eligible for compensation and measurement of land together with
appropriate bodies by participating in the survey committees jointly with the survey team of contracted RAP
consultant;
c) Approve list of PAPs eligible for compensation and pass to MoWE together with necessary information and
details of payment; and
d) Decide on estimate of compensation in accordance with its duties, prepare valuation document and get it
approved by the Woreda Cabinet
Finance and Economic Development Office of the Woreda: The roles and responsibilities of Finance and
Planning Office are the following:
a) Pass to the Finance and Economic Development office in writing the money of the Secretary and Finance
Office operating the account opened for the budget allocated to the payment of compensation
b) Help those entitled PAPs to open a bank account in the commercial bank nearby their area;
c) Pay the entitled persons in accordance with the list approved by MoWE;
d) Employ accountants to determine budget for payment of compensation sent from Federal ministry office;
e) Prepare office space for the same purpose;
f) Carry out the necessary checking of the process of opening a bank account to ensure the right entitled
person is to receive compensation; and
g) Prepare and send periodical finance report to the MoWE
Woreda Administrator: The roles and responsibilities of Administrators are the following:
a) ensure grievances are promptly answered; and
b) counsel PAPs in order to avoid unnecessary spending and to use money judiciously
Livelihood Expert: Further Livelihood expert would be hired at Farta Woreda to be based out of either the
WoARD or Micro and Small Enterprise Office. The expert would be a play a facilitating and supporting role to
the contracted Income Restoration Agency(ies). S/he and the Expert at Ebinat Woreda, would also be a part
of the WPITs and report to the Woreda Administrations and BoEPLAU. S/he would be hired for a period of at
least four (4) years.
Kebele Administration: Kebele Administration assists in identification of affected assets and persons by
accompanying the Survey and Asset Inventory teams. Later, they assist the Compensation Valuation
Committees in the valuation exercise. In particular their functions are to:
a) nominate members to survey and valuation committees and provide necessary support for the committees;
b) coordinate the payment of compensation to PAPs and other entitlements, shifting to resettlement sites,
disseminate information on the project and support in administration of the various mitigation measures;
c) to provide information to the grievance redress mechanism as necessary for grievance resolution.
Food Security Monitoring

Disaster Prevention, Food Security Office and Safety Net Program Coordination Office at Bahir Dar will
support the WPITs in addition to the support received from Woreda Council, WOARD and Kebele
Administration and Kebele Food Security Task Force (KFSTF) in monitoring the food security situation of
vulnerable PAHs. These agencies will also monitor the food situation for other PAHs i.e. those non-vulnerable
and recommend appropriate actions with respect to inclusion or otherwise.
10.4 Implementation responsibilities

RPCO has an overall coordination of RAP activities at the regional level while the NPCO provides oversight,
reporting, technical support and most of all facilitation. The SD specialist for Ribb (housed at BOEPLUA) is
supported by the 3 team of experts in both Farta and Ebnat Woredas. These six experts will report to the Woreda
and also to the SD Specialist for Ribb at the regional level. Specialized agency contracted for IR activities will
support the SD specialist for Ribb who would report both to BEPLAU and RPCO who will be accountable for the
overall coordination of RAP which is also part of project coordination- both are mutually interdependent. Table
10.1 below presents the key implementation activities along with agencies that will be primarily responsible and
other agencies that are likely to be involved. It is also based on the Annual Action Plan prepared by Regional
BoEPLAU for the year 2012-13 for RAP implementation and monitoring activities along with the institutions
responsible.
Table 10.1 Implementation Activities along with responsibility of agencies involved

S.No. Activity Individual/Agency with primary Other agencies involved, if any,
responsibility for support/ participation
1 Determination of PAPs for phase MoWE, RPCO, WPITs, Regional BoEPLAU, Construction
wise planning based on construction Contractor of Ribb Dam, Social
requirements (borrow pits and Development Specialist, Ribb
submergence) Project
2 Operationalizing Grievance Amhara Regional Administration, MoWE
Redressal mechanisms Woreda Administration and Kebele
3 RAP approval and Public disclosure- MoWE, RPCO Sociologist, MoWE, Regional
cum-launch workshop Agencies, WB, Social Development
Specialist, Ribb Project
4 Opening of Bank accounts for PAPs Woreda Finance Office, WPITs, Womens Affairs department,
Social Development Specialist,
Ribb Project
5 Development of resettlement sites WPIT (Relocation committee), Social Womens Affairs Department,
and construction of residential units Development Specialist, Ribb Project, Urban Office of the Woreda
and provision of other amenities PAPs and Women PAPs
6 Conducting of Training program for Social Development Specialist, Ribb RPCO
officials Project, Regional bodies (BoARD,
BoEPLAU)
7 Holding of kebele level consultations Social Development Specialist, Ribb Regional BoEPLAU
and also with host community Project , WPIT, kebele administration
Holding of FGDs with vulnerable Social Development Specialist, Ribb Woreda Health Office
PAPs Project, WPIT, Woreda Womens Affairs
Office
8 Preparation of compensation WPIT Regional BoEPLAU, Social
entitlements Development Specialist, Ribb
Project
9 Preparation of RAP database MoWE, Specialized agency Regional BoEPLAU
10 Issuance of Notification of WPIT, Woreda Administrations, Regional BoEPLAU and MoWE,
expropriation Social Development Specialist,
Ribb Project
11 Development of special assistance WPITs, Livelihood experts, Specialized Social Development Specialist,
plans for vulnerable households agency contracted for Income Ribb Project
Restoration
12 Commencing of tree WPITs Regional BoEPLAU
nursery/plantation programs in
identified lands
13 Provision of entitlement certificate WPITs Regional BoEPLAU, Social
Development Specialist, Ribb
Project
14 Payment of compensation and WPITs Regional Administration, Social
vacation of land Development Specialist, Ribb
Project
15 Counselling regarding judicious use Woreda Finance Office Woreda Administration, Womens
of compensation amount Affairs office (for women PAPs)
16 Contracting of specialized agencies MoWE
for income restoration programs
17 Contracting of Agency for carrying MoWE
out Annual External Evaluation
18 Contracting of Agency for mass MoWE
Table 10.1 Implementation Activities along with responsibility of agencies involved

S.No. Activity Individual/Agency with primary Other agencies involved, if any,
responsibility for support/ participation
media programs
19 Relocation of PAPs to a new location WPITs Woreda and Regional
Administration (particularly for
Farta Woreda displaces)
20 Administration of Anti-HIV/Aids and
Anti-Malaria measures
Social Mobilization for awareness WPITs, Woreda Health Office, Womens Regional Health Office (for
campaigns regarding HIV/Aids and Affair Department IEC/BCC material, logistic support)
Malaria
Distribution of LLINs Woreda Health Office, Health Extension WPIT
Indoor Residual Spray Workers
Enhancing of implementation
capacity for distribution of condoms
and ART
21 Internal Monitoring of RAP RPCO, Region BoEPLAU, MoWE, Social Development
implementation Specialist, Ribb Project
22 Implementation of Income Specialized agency contracted for IR Regional BoEPLAU, Social
Restoration activities activities & Livelihood Expert of Development Specialist, Ribb
respective Woredas Project
23 Implementation and Monitoring of WPITs, Woreda Council, WOARD, Kebele
Food Security Programs for Administration and Kebele Food
Vulnerable Households Security Task Force (KFSTF)
24 Implementation of Farmer Trainings WPITs WoARD, BoARD
25 Annual External Evaluation Specialized agency contracted by MoWE, WB periodically (for review
MoWE of safeguards compliance)
26 Annual Project Review Workshop MoWE WB
Source: Annual Action Plan, August 2013 BoEPLAU, ANRS and SMEC, 2013
10.5 Reporting linkages

Reporting linkages take into account the decentralized administrative and development management structure
and institutions within Amhara regional administration. The WPITs (including members from the kebele
administration) shall prepare and submit regular reports (monthly, quarterly, and annually) to Regional Bodies
who then shall submit reports to the MoWE through the RPCO. These form part of the project management
information system and are an essential input for monitoring and evaluation. Figure 10.1 depicts the
information and reporting linkages in ENIDP specific to RAP preparation and implementation.
MoWE
National
PSC
National Project
Coordinator
ANRS
Presidents Ribb
Office Scheme
Regional
Bureau/ Agency
PSC Heads
BoFED
Amhara Regional BoWRD/WoWRD

Project Coordinator
BoARD/WoARD
ARARI
Woreda Project Implementation Teams:
Ebinat and Farta BoEPLAU./OoEPLAU
U
Other RAP
implementation
Partner
agencies
Kebeles and Communities
= Information and reporting links. Include submission of AWPBs, periodic reporting & participation in M&E
Activities
Figure 10.1 - Overall Information and Reporting Links for RAP implementation
Source: Adapted from Section III, Project Implementation Manual, ENIDP, 2007
CHAPTER 11 BUDGET ESTIMATES FOR RAP IMPLEMENTATION
The chapter presents rates applied for computation for compensation of affected assets and applicable
assistances to PAPs as per the Entitlement framework. It then presents the estimates for various RAP activities
such as preparation of resettlement site facilities, contracting of External Agencies for support in income
restoration, and External Evaluation, etc. Budget estimates for RAP implementation has been prepared by
inclusion of items in the following categories:
a) cost of measures directly towards PAPs i.e. of compensation, allowances, trainings, resettlement site;
b) cost of other mitigation measures towards project affected kebeles;
c) cost of implementation (mechanisms, processes, field administration), monitoring and grievance
redressal measures; and contingency
Detailed costs based on above categories are presented below:
11.1 Cost of mitigation measures for PAPs

i) Compensation of expropriated assets: The rates and amounts are from approved compensation
documents by both Ebinat and Farta Woredas and Regional BoEPLAU, November 2013. All compensation
for loss of crop production and grazing lands are computed for 10 years displacement compensation.
For privately owned rainfed and irrigated farm land: Rain-fed land is compensated at ETB 241062586.2
while Irrigated land is valued at ETB 5324138.768.
Private Lands Rainfed Private Lands Irrigated

Name of Kebele
Area (ha) Amount (ETB) Area (ha) Amount (ETB)
Amestiya 340.85353 88031,559.49 9.38769 4511911.57
Ayvaniva 2.3298 588954.62 0 0.00
Jara Shikra 134.0878 33896312.41 1.952 812227.20
Medeb Gubda 468.946 118545759.72 0 0.00
Total 946.21713 241062586.2 11.34 5324138.77
For privately owned grazing land: privately owned or common grazing land is compensated at ETB
1100423.26
Private grazing Lands
Name of Kebele
Area (ha) Amount (ETB)
Amestiya 7.16176 1002646.40
Ayvaniva 0 0.00
Jara Shikra 0 0.00
Medeb Gubda 0.8004 97,776.86
Total 7.96216 1100423.26
For impacted structures:, The cost of structures with Corrugated Iron sheet roof, in Amestiya kebele, Ebinat
Woreda is ETB 673.69/m2, while in kebeles in Farta Woreda, ETB 631.89/m2. The cost varies in Thatched roof
structures too as the rate in Ebinat is ETB 500/m2 while it is ETB 476/m2 in Farta Woreda.
Corrugated Iron Sheet roofed Thatched Roofed Total

Name of Kebele Floor Area Amount Floor Area Amount Floor Area Amount
(m2) (ETB) (m2) (ETB) (m2) (ETB)
Amestiya 1041.133 701403.70 1395.174 697586.76 2436.31 1398990.46
Ayvaniva 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
Jara Shikra 152.7 96489.60 87.14771 41482.31 239.85 137971.91
Medeb Gubda 1159.32 732562.46 761.4793 362464.16 1920.80 1095026.62
Total 2353.152 15,30,455.77 2243.801 1101533.22 4596.95 2631988.99
for perennial crops (yielding and non-yielding): Rates of perennial crops vary depending on whether they are
yielding or not and also between Woredas. The total compensation amount for the 2629 trees is ETB 1816896.
(See Annexure 11.1 for rates of crops by type)
Name of Kebele No. Amount (ETB)
Amestiya 2436 619565
Ayvaniva 0 0
Jara Shikra 39 431111
Medebgubda 154 766220
Total 2629 1816896
for Eucalyptus trees: Eucalyptus trees are calculated based on their development level as recorded during the
asset inventory survey. Rates vary depending upon size of the tree and between kebeles within and across the
Woredas (See Appendix 11.1 for rates of tree by size).
Name of Kebele No. Amount (ETB)
Amestiya 26268 282112.00
Ayvaniva 0 0
Jara Shikra 11353 572656.80
Medeb Gubda 95047 841983.80
Total 132668 1696752.60
for Natural trees: Rates of different species vary depending upon size of the tree and between kebeles across
the Woredas (See Appendix 11.1 for rates of tree by size). For the total 30601 trees, compensation amount of
ETB 4857360 is payable.
Name of Kebele Total Amount (ETB)
Amestiya 10804 1911330.00
Ayvaniva 11 1475.00
Jara Shikra 1745 306040.00
Medeb Gubda 18041 2638515.00
Total 30601 4857360.00
ii) Development of Resettlement site: Cost estimates are presented below

Cost Estimate for Preparation Works at Resettlement Site for 54 Households at Debre Tabor Town
Items Amount (ETB)
1. Site Prepration Works 7384.00
2. Electrical Work 12620.00
3.Sanitary 11725.00
TOTAL (B) 31729.00
10% Contingency (10% of C) = 3172.90
34901.90
Grand Total (For One HH) 1884702.60
Improved Access gravel road for whole site including 10% Contingency (E) 30888.00
Thus for 54 the HH in the Site One 1915590.60
*Above calculations are estimated purely for the purpose of RAP preparation. Actual cost may vary
Cost Estimate for Resettlement Site at Ebinat Woreda Town Centre:
Items Amount (ETB)

1. Site Works 8298.8
2. Electrical Work 12620
3. Water Supply 11725
TOTAL (B) 32643.8
10% Contingency (10% of A) =B 3264.38
Sub- Total (For One HH) (A+B)=C 35908.18
Thus for 24 the HH in the Site One (B+C)=D 861796.32
Retining Walls for whole site with 10% Contingency (E) 50407.5
Grand Total (D+E) 912203.82
*Above calculations are estimated purely for the purpose of RAP preparation. Actual cost may vary
Source: SMEC Engineering Team, 2014
(Refer to Appendix 11.1 in CD for cost estimate prepared by SMEC Ethiopia for details).
Cost Estimate for communal land site at Amisteya kebele: An estimated amount of ETB 30,000 is provided
towards land leveling for 0.349 ha of land.
iii) Support Grants (Economic Rehabilitation Grant and Training Grant for eligible PAPs)
Economic Rehabilitation Grant of ETB 10000 for 653 PAPs : ETB 6530000
Training Grant of ETB 500 for 438 PAPs : ETB 219000
11.2 Cost of mitigation measures toward project affected kebeles

iv) For farm land owned by Kebele and Church: Farm land owned by Kebele is compensated at ETB
707564.584 and by Churches is compensated ETB 605315.625.
Kebele Lands Church Lands
Name of Kebele
Amestiya 0 0.00 2.34375 6,05,315.63
Ayvaniva 0 0.00 0 0.00
Jara Shikra 0 0.00 0 0.00
Medeb Gubda 2.799 707564.58 0 0.00
Total 2.80 707564.58 2.34 605315.64
For communal grazing land and grazing land owned by Church: Communal land owned by kebele is valued
at ETB 10892310.03. Grazing land owned by Church is compensated at ETB 7973
Communal Lands Church Lands

Name of Kebele
Amestiya 42.81086 6885425.38 0.05695 7973.00
Ayvaniva 0 0.00 0 0.00
Jara Shikra 9.4783 1157869.13 0 0.00
Medeb Gubda 23.322 2849015.52 0 0.00
Total 75.61116 10892310.03 0.05695 7973.00
v) Cost of provision of ferry service (boat): Two boats organized as a ferry service shall be provided for Jara
Shikra kebele to overcome the access loss. The cost is estimated ETB 120,000 for each Tanqua. Total ETB
240,000.
vi) Provision of a health post: As per standard costs given by the Regional and Woreda Health offices, the
project will provide a Health Post at Jara Shikra kebele at a cost of ETB 600,000.
vii) Anti-Malaria measures: As vector borne diseases such as malaria shall impact all households within the four
project affected kebeles, the budget estimate for the mitigation measures is towards the entire population in
the three kebeles. The cost towards Social mobilization, Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and distribution of
LLINs (new nets and also replacement of old nets) is estimated below:
Activity Description No. Unit Rate (in ETB) Total cost (in
ETB)
Social Logistics and 4 Lumpsum /year 6000 24000
mobilization distribution of IEC
materials for 4 years
Provision of 2 nets per household 6000 Per net 90 540000
LLINs for 3000* households
in the four kebeles.
Indoor Equipment costs+ Lumpsum Lumpsum 150000
Residual chemical plus labor
Spray
TOTAL 714000
Source: Woreda Health Office, 2012
*estimate based on population figures of kebeles
viii)Anti -HIV/AIDS measures: As in-migration is happening already during the Ribb dam construction period,
measures are required to be taken. Cost breakup for these measures is presented below:
distribution of condoms ETB 50000;
other counseling sessions/meetings by Health Office Extension workers ETB 100000
field administration included in overall field administration costs
Total: ETB 150000
11.3 Cost of implementation

ix) Training/Capacity Building activities for officials: Capacity building activities shall be carried out for member
of Committees for Compensation, Relocation and Resettlement and Grievance Redressal. It is expected
each committee shall comprise a maximum of six members and shall participate in 12 trainings across first
four years. Additionally Social Development experts at the Woreda and Region too shall attend these
trainings.
Committee No. of Per diem (for 2 days) No. of trainings No. of trainings Amount
members + transportation per year across years (ETB)
Compensation committee 6 400 3 6 14400
(two years only)
Grievance committee 6 400 3 18 43200
(compensation) (three
years only)
Relocation and 4 400 1 1 1600
resettlement committee
(only one year)
Social development 2 400 3 12 9600
experts
Total 68800
Total Amount (with 10% escalation across three years) rounded off 75700
x) cost of hiring livelihood experts at Woredas: Six experts - Livelihood experts (2), Resettlement Experts (2)
and Community Consultation Expert (2) one each at Ebinat and Farta with appropriate degree and at least
8-10 years experience. Cost based on prevalent rates and required duration are estimated below:
No. of Experts Rate/year No. of Years Amount for 4 years (with a 10% annual increase)* in ETB
6 60000 4 2108300
*based on performance
xi) Holding of disclosure workshop: The RAP disclosure workshop event shall be held at a convenient location
in the woredas/region and would be attended by various stakeholders at all levels. A lumpsum amount of
ETB 1,00,000 is provisioned.
xii) Contracting of mass media agency: MoWE shall contract a specialized mass media agency for
dissemination of RAP and other project information from time to time. The translated version of RAP shall be
disseminated to all the relevant bodies. Also the projects salient features and Entitlements of PAPs shall be
disseminated and communicated through designing and production of brochures. A lumpsum amount of ETB
300000 is provisioned for across 5 years.
xiii)Internal Monitoring: A Lumpsum amount of ETB 1000000 across the five years is provided for internal
monitoring to be carried out by RPCO and the Social Development Specialist, Ribb Scheme (MOWE) at
Regional BoEPLAU. It shall cover the cost of preparation of monitoring reports and development and
maintenance of RAP database as well.
xiv)Contracting of an Income restoration support agency: MoWE will contract a specialized agency for income
restoration for a period of five (5) years. Cost break up with intermittent inputs of key experts is given below:
Item Rate/month No. of months Amount (in

(in ETB) across 5 years ETB)
Livelihood Expert (incl. 1 Team Leader) with degree in social 50000 120 6000000
sciences minimum of 12-15 years of experience, with proven
experience in developing and implementing income
generation/livelihood programs and solid knowledge of existing
government programs and enrollment requirements 2
persons
Sociologist (1) with minimum of ten years of experience 30000 60 1800000
working in the rural development sector and prior experience
of coordination of trainings, etc
Community Mobilization Expert (1) with minimum of ten years 25000 60 1500000
of experience interactions with communities and experience in
mobilization and group formation, etc.
Market Assessment (one time activity) LUMPSUM 100000
Vehicle and Fuel 30000 60 1800000
Miscellaneous (field personnel, stationery, materials; other LUMPSUM 500000
expenses)
Total 11700000
Amount (with 5% annual escalation across five years) 1422000049
xv) Annual External Evaluation: External Evaluation would be carried out by a contracted agency at the
end of every year50 and shall be carried out at least five (5) years, beginning end of Year 1 of RAP
implementation. Estimates are presented below:
Item Unit Rate Total days/ months Amount (ETB)
per Year in 5 years
Social Development Expert Team Leader (15 Month 60000 1.5 8 480000
years experience)
Livelihood Expert (15 years experience) Month 50000 2 10 500000
Vehicles (including fuel) for approx.20 days/audit Day 2000 20 100 200000
Data collectors (2) Day 300 30 150 45000
Miscellaneous (Stationery, camera, report per 15000 75000
production costs) evaluation
49 Amount provisioned should be reviewed after every 1 year

50 could be carried out by the same agency every year or by a different agency as felt necessary upon review
Total 1300000
Total Amount with (with 5% annual escalation across five years) and rounded off 1580000
xvi) Field administration budget inclusive of vehicles and fuel is provisioned at 15% of the total department
expenditure (vii to xi above).
Consolidated budget summary is presented in Table 11.1 below:

Table 11.1 Consolidated Budget Summary for RAP Implementation of Ribb Reservoir Scheme
Items Amount
A. Cost of Mitigation measures towards PAPs
i) Compensation
Farm land
Rainfed land 241062586.20
Irrigated land 5324138.77
Grazing land 1100423.26
Structures 2631988.99
Perennial Crops 1816896
Eucalyptus Trees 1696752.60
Natural Trees 4857360.00
ii) Development of resettlement sites (site preapration works)
Debre Tabor site for 54 households 1915590.60
Ebinat Woreda Town centre site for 24 households 912203.82
Amisteya Communal land site (land levelling) 3000.00
iii) Support Grants for Income Restoration
Economic Rehabilitation Grant including Training Grant (653 PAPs) 6530000
Training Grant (438 PAPs) 219000
SUB-TOTAL (i to iv) 268096940.24
B. Cost of mitigation measures towards Project Affected Kebeles
iv) Compensation
farm land (Kebele) 707564.584
communal land (kebele) 10892310.03
farm land (Church) 605315.625
grazing land (Church) 7973
v) provision of ferry service (Tanquas 2 nos) 240000
vi) cost of provision of health centre at Jarashikra 6,00,000
vii) anti-malaria measures 714,000
viii) anti-HIV/Aids measures 150,000
SUB-TOTAL (i to iv) 13917163.24
C. Cost of implementation, monitoring, training and grievance redressal
ix) Training/capacity building activities for officials 75,700
x) Hiring of livelihood experts at Woredas 2108300
xi) Holding of disclosure workshop 100000
xii) Contracting of a mass media agency 300000
xiii) Internal monitoring by BoEPLAU, RPCO and development/maintenance of
1000000
RAP database
xiv) Hiring of a specialized Income restoration agency 14220000
xv) Hiring of an External Evaluation Agency 1580000
xvi) Field Administration (Meetings, fuel, per diems) 15% of total (ix to xiii) 331245
SUB-TOTAL (i to viii) 19921600
TOTAL (A+B+C) 305507346
D. Contingency
Contingency (to meet any unforeseen impacts or escalation in estimated costs) 9165220.38
3% of total (A + B + C)
GRAND TOTAL (A+B+C+D) 314672566
The cost of implementing the RAP for Ribb Reservoir Scheme shall be ETB 314672600 (R/O).
CHAPTER 12 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
12.1 Schedule of RAP Implementation

As of April 2014, the percentage of completion of the Ribb dam stands at 59.45% with the proposed
completion by June 2015 and all lands expected to be submerged by October 2016. The progress in
construction of the Ribb Dam, will result in submergence of different areas in a phased manner. Hence a
phased approach to RAP implementation will be required. Tasks such as provision of entitlement certificates
and compensation payments, task of relocation of PAPs resettlement sites, income restoration measures,
training and formation of committees will be some of the key activities. All activities in RAP implementation are
listed below:
1. Operationalize Grievance mechanisms: Grievance redressal cells at kebele and woreda levels will be
operationalized (as already existing) and provided with training as required to execute their tasks (See
Chapter 15 on Grievance redressal mechanisms).
2. Disclosure of Draft RAP: The draft RAP would be disclosed by MoWE on their site as well at Banks
Infoshop for any feedback. For this purpose, the Executive Summary and main report will be translated
into Amharic; the full RAP would be disclosed on MoWEs website and Public Information Centre
(PIC)/Infoshop of WB.
3. Determine number of PAPs to devise a Phase-wise plan: As already some PAPs have lost and been
compensated for land parcels due to exigencies of work., the WPITs will obtain the construction schedule
from the Dam Contractor that specifies the areas that shall be: i) used for construction purposes such as
borrow pits or quarry sites; and ii) areas submerged and the time period when it is likely. It shall help to
prepare a clear list of PAPs who need to be addressed on priority, provide them with stipulated time
following issuance of expropriation notification, prepare a relocation plan, urgently plan the preparation of
resettlement sites process and pay entitlements before physical displacement.
4. Updation of RAP: Some missed out/unsurveyed areas within the project zone will be surveyed and assets
and PAPs will be enumerated
5. RAP approval and Public disclosure-cum-Launch Workshop: Upon completion of survey exercise and
incorporation of feedback, if any, the RAP would be finalized. NPCO, MoWE and RPCO shall be
responsible to conduct a public consultation and the disclosure workshop at an appropriate location either
in Ebinat or at Farta Woreda. The Project launch workshop will held to disseminate project information
and involve Representatives of affected kebeles (PAPs and non-PAPs), kebele administration, WPIT,
Region Administration, BoEPLAU, and other NGOs/potential partner agencies.
6. Conduct Training Programme for Officials: Capacity building of WPIT team, members of BoEPLAU,
kebele administration officials and PAPs representatives will be carried out on various issues such as:
delivering entitlement to the affected people; handling of grievances at periodic intervals. Orientation and
Refresher trainings periodically would be provided through the implementation period.
7. Development of resettlement sites: Based on: i) the construction schedule obtained from the Contractor
and ii) preferences expressed by PAPs in shifting to other areas, work on development of the identified
resettlement sites would commence. All amenities and basic infrastructural facilities in the resettlement
sites would be completed before actual relocation. In relocation, WPITs would assist to:
disclose entitlements and allotment of residential units (where applicable) to PAPs; and
in collection/salvaging of personal and other household belongings from the evacuated site
8. Open Bank accounts for PAPs: Compensation committee will counsel PAPs to open joint bank accounts
i.e. in the name of husband and wife. Information on necessary documentation and other support will be
provided. Necessary assistance will be provided to the illiterate or differently abled PAPs.
9. Hold Kebele level meetings: Compensation and Relocation Committees (along with the Social. Experts
from Woreda and Regional) will hold kebele level consultations to inform PAPs regarding:
distribution of entitlement certificates;
size of plot of land to be given, in the resettlement site
relocation to resettlement site for those who indicated such preference; and
the area of submergence and specify till what date PAPs can continue to cultivate their lands safely. It
shall enable PAPs to act in accordance and also help avoid grievances relating to damage to land
caused by flooding due to construction works and other accidents.
10. Preparation of compensation entitlements: Based on the construction schedule, WPITs shall prepare
entitlement certificates for PAPs.
11. Preparation of RAP database: A RAP database w ould be prepared and maintained at Woreda level. All
information regarding PAPs/PAHs such as quantum of land lost, trees, structures and other assets;
information on each PAP such as income levels by source, occupation, livestock holdings, etc. shall be
recorded. The RAP database would enable effective monitoring and evaluation, besides enable generation
of periodic reports for submission to MoWE and donor World Bank.
12. Notification of expropriation: MoWE and BoEPLAU would support and facilitate WPITs in issuance of
expropriation notifications that indicates time by which to vacate their lands, harvest crops (if any). For
illiterate PAPs, Woreda administration shall assist to convey the information in an appropriate manner. Prior
to issuance, the list of PAPs would be updated in the event of any land transfer as gift or some PAP has
expired.
13. Develop special assistance plans for PAHs: WPITs shall development special assistance plans for the
identified vulnerable households. Prior to preparation, the number of vulnerable households should be
updated and finalized owing to: balance numbers identified from the survey of previously unsurveyed
areas, any event such as death leading to change in vulnerability status.
14. Enrollment into food security programs (PSNP) for vulnerable households: Finalize list of vulnerable
households for enrolment and process for enrolment into PSNP.
15. Commence tree nursery/plantation programs: WPITs along with Agricultural Extension offices of respective
Woredas shall commence activities such as tree nursery on identified lands within kebeles by providing
appropriate guidance and counselling to communities both PAHs and non PAHs.
16. Provide Entitlement Certificate: Regional BoEPLAU shall support WPITs to prepare and issue Entitlement
Certificate to all PAPs. The activity of provision would be preceded by kebele level consultations primarily to
avoid any dissent or grievance, particularly as provision of compensation and other entitlements would be
carried out in a phased manner.
17. Payment of compensation and vacation of land: All handing over of the property such as land, building and
payment of compensation will be made in the presence of PAP and the kebele compensation committee.
Payments will be made directly to PAPs bank account (or in cash for smaller payments) no later than thirty
(30) days before the date by which the land must be vacated. In case the land holder has a crop to be
harvested on any other property that requires time for collection, the Woreda administrator, under request
will extend the date by sixty (60 days) from the date the compensation is deposited.
18. Counsel on the judicious use of compensation amount: Woreda Finance office, Woreda Administrator (or
Woreda Administration) and Woreda Womens Affairs Office shall counsel PAPs individually or in groups as
required on the judicious utilization of compensation money.
19. Contract agency/agencies specializing in developing Income restoration programs: MoWE shall contract
organizations with experience in implementing various livelihood programs with well-defined TORs. Woreda
OoEPLAU, Micro and Small Scale Enterprise Office at Woreda with support from specialized agencies (e.g.
ADA, ORDA, etc.).
20. Relocation of PAPs to a new location: The PAPs will be given a specific time period to relocate from their
current location to the new location i.e. new residential units, at the identified location and shifted in phases
to the identified resettlement sites.
21. Administration of Anti HIV/Aids and Anti-Malaria measures: Distribution of mosquito nets on an annual
basis, carrying out of IRS periodically, distribution of condoms, provision of ART and social mobilization
initiatives will be undertaken by Woreda Health offices/Extension workers at periodic intervals across the
entire RAP implementation period.
22. Provision of Ferry boat service and Health Post at Jarashikra: These activities will commence as per Phase
wise plan and particularly prior to the period when members of Jara shikra kebele would experience cut off
due to reservoir water. The activity of Health Post will commence well in time so that there is no constraint
in access to medical services
23. Internal Monitoring: The internal monitoring programme under RPCO will commence soon after RAP
approval. It shall record: a) progress made and record project inputs and the number of persons affected
and compensated; and b) measure progress with involuntary resettlement against scheduled actions and
milestones, using input and output indicators. Report with comments about activity progress will be
prepared each week towards the monthly report and detailed quarterly will be sent to the Bureau thereby
transacted to the Steering committee and NPCO. At the end of the fourth financial quarter (April-June) a full
annual report will be prepared including information on all project/output indicators and with a detailed
analysis of achieved results and experience gained. Information compiled bi-annually shall be presented to
the World Bank.
24. Implement Income Restoration Activities: The Agency contracted for the purpose shall: update income and
household data for inputs into the RAP databse following which it shall carry out a skill assessment of PAPs
interested, undertake a market assessment with respect to demand and potential, identify training sources
and preparation of Business plans, etc.
25. Approval of Income Restoration Plans: Woreda Livelihood expert under the guidance of WPITs, Woreda
Administrations and Social Development Specialist, RIDP will approve the business plans prepared for each
and sanction budgets.
26. Release of Economic Rehabilitation Grant: Economic Rehabilitation Grant will processed separately as per
terms and conditions laid down for its processing.
27. Implement farmer trainings: PAPs with balance lands outside the reservoir zone and willing to continue
farming would be provided training i.e. improved farming practices, better seeds, fertilizers, etc.
28. Annual External Evaluation: An External audit on an annual basis shall be made to assess whether the
project has met with the RAP objectives as a whole.
29. Annual Project Review Workshops: Review of RAP implementation at Annual Workshops would be carried
in the first quarter of next year soon after findings of Annual External Evaluation are available for discussion.
30. Submission of RAP Implementation Completion Report: Upon completion of all Implementation activities,
the contracted implementing partners, WPITs shall assist the RPCO in putting together an RAP
Implementation Completion Report for submission to Regional Administration and NPCO, MoWE and review
by WB to check if can considered complete.
Table 12.1 Implementation Schedule of RAP of Ribb Reservoir Scheme

Year by quarter
Activity Year I Year II Year III Year IV Year V
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Operationalize Grievance
mechanisms
Disclosure of Draft RAP
Devise a Phase-wise plan
Updation of RAP upon survey of
missed out /un-surveyed areas
RAP approval and Public
disclosure-cum-Launch
Workshop
Conduct Training Programme for
Officials and Refresher Trainings
Develop Resettlement sites
Open Bank accounts for PAPs
(based on plan)
Hold Kebele level meetings and
with host community
Prepare compensation
entitlements
Prepare RAP database
Notification of expropriation
Develop special assistance plans
for vulnerable PAHs
Enrollment into food security
PSNP for vulnerable households
Commence tree
nursery/plantation programs at
kebele level
Provide Entitlement Certificate
Pay compensation and vacation
of land
Table 12.1 Implementation Schedule of RAP of Ribb Reservoir Scheme

Year by quarter
Activity Year I Year II Year III Year IV Year V
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Contract grassroots organizations
for Income restoration
Relocation of PAPs
Administration of Anti HIV/Aids
and Anti-Malaria measures
Internal Monitoring
Provision of Ferry Service and
Health Post
Implementation of Income
Restoration Activities
update income and household data
assessment of market potential
skill assessment
identify linkages
Prepare business plans
Approval of Income Restoration
Plans
Provision of Trainings for Income
Restoration
Release of Economic
Rehabilitation Grant
Implement farmer trainings
Annual External Evaluation
Annual Project Review
Workshops
Submission of RAP completion
Report
12.2 Green Light conditions

Green light conditions or critical RAP activities are
a) Operationalize institutions required for implementation and grievance redressal;
b) Provide Entitlement Certificates to PAPs likely to get immediately affected as per Phase wise Plan detailing
compensation amounts payable and other entitlements as applicable based on preferences indicated;
c) Pay compensation and other entitlements to PAPs identified in Phase I (except training and income
restoration activities which are longer duration activities); and
d) Assess readiness of internal monitoring mechanism
CHAPTER 13 DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION PLAN
Information dissemination and consultation vide an appropriate communication strategy leading to effective
participation is a pre-requisite for effective RAP implementation. Continued and effective participation by the
affected communities shall itself be an intended outcome of the communication activities. The chapter presents
procedure that shall be followed by MoWE to disclose the draft and final RAP. It then reviews the existing
channels for communication, stating the principles of participation and consultation, followed by a set of indicative
issues for dissemination by stage of project cycle. It concludes with the communication strategy for RAP
implementation and suggested activities therein.
13.1 Disclosure of RAP

The full draft RAP in English and translated in local language (Amharic), would be disclosed on MOWE website
as well at the World Bank Infoshop. In accordance with donor (WB) requirements, the draft RAP would be made
available to PAPs and other stakeholders review and comment. Also during the period, survey of previously
missed out or un-surveyed areas would be completed and PAPs would be enumerated. With these updations
and incorporation of comments/feedback if any on the draft RAP, the document would be finalized. Following
which FDRE will disclose the document again and also provide permission to the World Bank to disclose at its
Infoshop. Further to enhance transparency in implementation, the list of PAPs for disbursement of benefits shall
be separately disclosed at the concerned kebele and Woreda offices, Regional BoEPLAU and any other relevant
offices, etc. In addition, a summary of the RAP in brochure form in Amharic will be printed and distributed
amongst all stakeholders. The Executive Summary of the report in Amharic would be placed in public places.
WPITs shall follow the process below to disclose the RAP:
MoWE shall disclosure the RAP in its own website and in Federal libraries as available;
MoWE along with RPCO and Regional Administration will organise a Stakeholders workshop for disclosure
of RAP in the Project area. The objectives of the workshop would be:
to provide information, and bring clarity on issues raised relating to entitlements and benefits;
to consult and create awareness amongst local community members about resettlement and income
restoration aspect;
to ensure that vulnerable groups understand the process, and that their needs are specifically taken into
consideration; and
take the opportunity to solicit help from other departments and also reach out to NGOs operational
(particularly in field of income generation) in the area and to encourage their participation in RAP
implementation.
WPIT, BoEPLAU and the RPCO shall be responsible to disclose the RAP (in full and Executive summary
version) in the region, zone and woreda offices and in the print media as required.
13.2 Existing channels of communication

At present project information is disseminated by MoWE to Regional Administration/RPCO, Regional BoEPLAU
(for land related issues) and then from these to the Woreda administrations. The Woreda administrations vide
its departments such as OoEPLAUs, Agriculture, Womens affairs, Health offices and other kebele/sub-kebele
committees provide information to the communities on their routine and respective activities such as land
certification, ongoing programs relating to health, livelihoods. Extension workers of Woreda women affairs
departments too are involved (see Chapter 4 on Stakeholder Consultations for more details). Meetings are
held on specific topics by specific departments and occasionally involve all the community. However the
challenge of RAP implementation is multi-dimensional and needs to draw upon on resources from all these
departments. Hence WPITs as a single point of communication will disseminate all project and RAP
implementation related information.
13.3 Principles for Consultation and Participation in Ribb Reservoir

Consultation and Participation require that accurate and reliable information is made available in a timely and
comprehensible manner and can be easily accessed by all relevant stakeholders. For a project of this nature with
various activities across stages, a specific Communication Strategy and Action Plan is essential as it shall draw
upon resources from various departments, including external agencies. It shall require uniform understanding
and awareness regarding activities amongst all stakeholder institutions to enable a unified and thereby effective
approach. The degree of participation of PAPs required would be directly proportional to the scale and
magnitude of impact and the proposed mitigation measures. Principles therefore for Information dissemination to
ensure effective consultation and participation are as follows:
Continuous process: Information dissemination on project developments and Consultations with

affected persons and communities would be a continuous feature throughout project planning and
implementation.
Essentially inclusive: As PAPs include vulnerable groups who are under-privileged and shall be at a
greater disadvantage due to the adverse impacts, the entire participative and consultative process
should be inclusive of such disadvantaged groups and requires special efforts to elicit their participation;
and
Forum for decision making: Meetings/interactions/consultations would aim to lead to informed decision
making.
13.4 Communication Strategy and Action Plan

Timely and accurate information dissemination requires taking proactive measures to instill confidence amongst
PAPs. Therefore the communication strategy requires direct interaction with the PAPs and the whole community
and shall comprise the following critical elements:
have an enabling and supportive environment within the existing institutional setup;
take support from grass root level institutions already working in the area to coordinate, facilitate activities,
help build rapport and develop appropriate support measures; and
reduce anxieties and counter rumors by provision of prompt responses followed by commensurate actions.
The foremost requirement of the Communication Strategy is to disclose details on project activities, entitlement
provisions and applicable measures and processes to PAPs. The overall goal of the communication strategy is to
inform the communities, correct prevalent mis-perceptions and create an atmosphere of trust and cooperation
which can lead to informed decision making and elicit cooperation from PAPs in the administering of RAP
activities. Specifically the strategy would be to:
a) develop a common understanding on the project by sensitization of all officials involved in decision making
and implementation of: i) recognition of the right of the PAPs to receive information; and ii) the need for
regular interactions with communities to allay apprehensions and correct mis-conceptions; and
b) develop a rapport between the implementing institutions and most important stakeholders PAPs;
c) to create awareness amongst PAPs; counter any misinformation or rumours spread by those opposed to or
aggrieved by the project and thereby reduce the number of grievances that might arise out of lack of
adequate information;
d) strengthen the grievance redressal mechanism by providing an effective information dissemination channels;
e) to create a sense of appreciation of the efforts of the project authorities and other stakeholders involved in
RAP implementation
f) bring transparency in the processes followed and ensure accountability of all institutions involved;
The following Action Plan is proposed:
a) Notice boards in the kebeles: Installation of notice boards shall present information to PAPs that is definite
and is permanently available. The notice board shall have project details of a permanent nature and space
for information that shall be updated periodically:
Permanent
i. a brief description of the project along with a sketch; details on area of submergence/affected zone;
ii. total affected land by kebele,
iii. likely date of submergence (including construction completion date of Ribb Dam); and
iv. finally the names and contact details of key officials at the Woreda/kebele administration who can be
approached for any issue.
Temporary
i. information on key activities and dates e.g. dates for expropriation and disbursement,
ii. details on the particular area that shall be submerged due to a soon-to be completed dam infrastructure
(e.g. coffer dam) along with dates so that people can be careful with their activities and belongings e.g.
cattle; and,
iii. dates for shifting to resettlement site;
b) Designate Public Information Officer (PIOs): Both Woreda administrations shall designate a PIO. S/he shall
be responsible to:
i. provide information on the project to all stakeholders i.e. status and progress
ii. distribute summary of RAP (in Amharic) and other entitlement details to PAPs;
iii. facilitate consultation meetings with PAPs, keep records of meeting outcomes, communicate to
concerned higher authorities and contribute to internal monitoring;
iv. inform PAPs of advertised work opportunities at Ribb Dam; and
v. provide PAPs with details on the available forums for redressal of grievances
In addition, officially designating a person from the kebele from among the PAPs shall enable creation of a
durable two-way communication between project agency and affected people. The person designated should be
familiar with and capable of gaining confidence of affected people so that he can be important constituent of the
process of grievance resolution.
c) Public Information Center (PIC): The existing project office within the construction camp should contain
relevant documents such as the design drawings, ESIA and full RAP report both in English and Amharic51.
Soon after the dam construction is advanced enough to provide space for officials and workers responsible
for dam operation, a PIC should be developed within the just outside the camp boundary to ensure more
accessibility to PAPs. It should be managed by a person familiar to community and conversant with different
issues of the project. The PIC should contain the following documents:
i. Executive summary and full RAP report (in Amharic and English),
ii. ESIA report and feasibility reports and drawings;
iii. Details on proposed income restoration schemes;
iv. Enrolment forms for different ongoing government schemes/programs
v. Updates on the project Dam construction progress and submergence
vi. Resettlement site locations on a map
vii. Records of all consultation meetings held with PAPs, kebele communities, FGDs with vulnerable
groups;
viii. Photographs of disbursement of entitlement certificates, payments, etc.; and
ix. Forms of lodging grievances and also maintain a register for recording of grievances.
d) Holding regular meetings: Interactive (rather non-interactive media such as radio) mechanism to reach out
to potentially affected people in the earliest stages of resettlement planning includes holding of regular
meetings as a major confidence building tool. A regular meeting (at least fortnightly) between project staff
and affected people, preferably at the same location and the same date (or any pre-specified date) every
month can be an effective mechanism. As in the initial stages, PAPs expectedly will have more questions
51 Housing the PIC within or nearby the construction camp is not recommended as there is restricted access and safety issues
and concerns to express, there shall be a need to carry out periodic meetings and/or as deemed necessary
by officials or requested for PAPs.
Information dissemination would be carried out through printed leaflets/ information booklets that would be
prepared by the Mass media agnecy in local language. These would be distributed not only to PAPs but
also to people (residents, businessmen and others) within the immediate project influence area and the local
community in advance so that people discuss issues among themselves and prepare themselves for the
meeting. On the day of public meeting, once again leaflets would be distributed among the people present
for dissemination of information so as to ensure that all present at the meeting, get to know about the project
in case they did not get the leaflet/ information booklet. The leaflet/ information booklet would provide the
following:
i. brief description of the project and its objectives;
ii. a summary of adverse impacts
iii. mitigation provisions planned;
iv. ways and means of involving local communities;
v. role of various government agencies and particularly of Income Restoration agency expectations
from local communities; and
vi. Grievance redress mechanisms, etc.
Such meetings would be attended by key officials of WPITs and members of the kebele administration.
Further the discussion points, outcome and list of attendees from such meetings should be diligently
recorded and pasted on notice boards placed at identified locations. Care should be taken to ensure
maximum participation of PAPs and also the vulnerable groups. Organizing and holding of separate
meetings with vulnerable groups particularly women PAPs is a pre-requisite.
e) Contracting a Mass media agency: A mass media agency would be contracted to disseminate message,
develop appropriate brochures with images. Brochures should contain different work opportunities, income
generation schemes, etc.
13.5 Issues for Dissemination and Participation

Effective coordination and cooperation between all relevant stakeholders assumes greater importance,
particularly at the implementation stage. An indicative list of issues wherein information needs to be
disseminated and participation of PAPs is essential is given below:
Indicative list of issues for dissemination and for PAP participation

Land date of notification for expropriation of landholdings;
expropriation/ issuance of entitlement certificates;
compensation compensation including methods of payment (when, how, by whom); and
dates of submergence
Resettlement Proposed R&R measures such as information on the types of livelihood restoration
and options identified based on existing skills of PAPs/PAHs;
rehabilitation Livelihood restoration options and their implementation;
Selection of NGO for Income Restoration and other M&E agencies agents providing
services;
Details on identified resettlement sites and amenities to be provided;
Infrastructure and service provision in the relocation areas, or strengthening existing
infrastructure and services;
Provision of shifting and transitional arrangements (when, how, by whom);
Institutions Implementing institutions, and names and contacts of relevant officials
Partner institutions such as NGOs, M&E agency
Mechanisms and processes for grievance redressal, including name and contacts of
persons in-charge
13.6 Consultations with Host community

Host communities would be a critical component of effective consultation and communication as they might
develop apprehensions and also be wary of outsiders in their area. WPITs would carry out consultations to:
i. inform the host communities of the incoming PAP population;
ii. consult to check if the relocation of these PAPs shall place additional burden on civic infrastructure;
iii. assess the capacity of each site to check how many PAPs can be accommodated without overloading
existing infrastructure and if overloaded, then to estimate and devise plans to enhance/augment the
existing infrastructure adequately, and
iv. finally, make the host communities feel they too have been informed and consulted and their views
taken on board on issues that have socio-economic impact on them as well.
CHAPTER 14 MONITORING AND EVALUATION
The overall objective of the RAP is to ensure that the PAPs restore and preferably improve upon their pre-project
living standards. In order to achieve this objective, Resettlement and Rehabilitation activities that are to be
implemented are very often on a critical path and if not implemented effectively can cause severe delays in the
project. Hence, in a development project with a long gestation period, effective Monitoring and Evaluation of
RAP implementation would be key to achievement of intended objectives and outcomes
14.1 Monitoring and Evaluation Framework of ENIDP

The M&E system of ENIDP52 in its overall approach intends to be:
Results-based, i.e. emphasis is laid on providing timely information to the implementing agency and other
project stakeholders regarding the project if it is succeeding or failing and what are the reasons?
Participatory i.e. to meet both governmental requirements and all other stakeholders including PAPs and the
kebele community;
Stakeholder-oriented, i.e. is the most significant because of the magnitude of social and environmental
impacts. Therefore the M&E system must be able to inform whether the proposed measures are themselves
adequate in minimizing or mitigating any adverse economic or social impacts on PAPs.
The M&E System Objectives are categorized into System Outcomes and Operational objectives that are relevant
to the social impacts and RAP implementation are listed below:
System Outcomes: Information generated by the M&E system is intended primarily to serve as a management
tool, assisting in decision making and planning/ re-planning processes. An effective M&E system for ENIDP
would lead to the following management outcomes:
Timely identification of implementation bottlenecks and factors that could result in time and cost over-runs, in
infrastructure construction as well and service delivery.
Project irrigation facilities and services delivered are consistent with local needs and capacities, taking into
account that of disadvantaged groups and women farmers/ women-headed households.
Environmental and social safeguards envisaged in the ESMF are integrated into the projects management
information system.
Lessons learned during project implementation have wider applicability to future development strategies and
approaches for irrigation development in the country in general, and within the Tana Basin in particular
Operational Objectives: Specific operational objectives of the M&E system for ENIDP include:
Enabling project management and other project stakeholders to undertake timely corrective action and/or
make needed adjustments to implementation processes, techniques and approaches;
Empowering and building the capacities and self-reliance of implementing agency staff, project communities
and other local partners to guide, manage and implement development activities effectively and efficiently;
Facilitating the re-examining and adjusting of goals, objectives and strategies during the project life, towards
improving quality and performance, including actions relating to Environmental Management and
Resettlement Action Plans;
Providing objective evidence on project results, in terms of outcomes and impacts, to permit lessons to be
learned towards planning future investments and development initiatives.
52 Project Implementation Manual, ENIDP, 2007
14.2 M&E Structure Scope and Responsibilities

PIM of ENIDP proposes an M&E arrangement that is structured as two distinct but complementary sub-systems,
namely:
1. Sub-system I: Routine Reporting, Database Management, Monitoring and Regular Reviews
2. Sub-system II: Ongoing and Periodic Evaluations and Special Studies
Activities under sub-system I are meant primarily to help strengthen existing systems of information gathering,
record keeping, database management, routine reporting (monthly, quarterly, annually) and regular reviews at
the various levels of the project entity. This includes participation of stakeholders ranging from Woreda and
kebele organisations to the Project Steering Committees, implementing agencies and the project coordination
offices.
Subsystem II complements these through studies and surveys, to also permit triangulation and independent
verification of information. For ENIDP, this includes information from household and community surveys/
interactions, analysis of data from technical measurements/ scientific observations, and evidence from satellite
imagery. This would permit not only assessing how far down the road the project had progressed, but ascertains
that this remains the right road towards achieving planned outcomes and impacts. Provision is made under both
subsystems to support M&E requirements relating to environmental and social safeguards, implemented through
the EMP and RAP. Further as proposed in the PIM, the reports/events relevant for M&E of RAP implementation
are listed below:
Monthly records and reports;
Quarterly progress monitoring reports;
Annual progress reports;
Annual Project Review Workshop; and
Studies in support of RAP i.e. targeted follow up surveys of resettled households and those affected by
project infrastructure and operations.
Considering the complexity of R&R activities in the Ribb reservoir scheme and in line with the sub-systems I and
II of the M&E structure, besides Internal Monitoring, an External Evaluation exercise too will be carried out by an
experienced agency on an annual basis.
14.3 Monitoring of RAP Implementation

MoWE will conduct the concurrent internal monitoring with support from regional and woreda level bodies. It
would comprise Process & Performance Monitoring. While Process monitoring would enable the project authority
to assess the whether the due process are being followed or not, whereas performance monitoring would mainly
relate to achievement in measurable terms against the set targets. MoWE (and WB) will monitor performance of
RAP as it shall cover aspects such as continuity of staff involved in RAP including TDP implementation,
timeliness of implementation of proposed activities. Key parameters shall be as follows:
Table 14.1 Performance Indicators for RAP implementation
Indicator/Parameter Timeline (month) Frequency
Variation in final number of PAPs vis a vis the final RAP First Month One time
Undertaking of listed RAP activities with respect to proposed schedule:.
i. Appointment of Income Restoration Agency(ies) 1-60 (depending on
Monthly
ii. formation of GRC activity)
iii. opening of bank accounts
Variation in budget allocated in RAP versus actual budget spent 3,6,12,18,24,30,36 Quarterly
Payment of compensation and applicable assistances prior to displacement
3,6,9,12 Monthly
due to submergence
Third and Six
Readiness of resettlement sites and relocation plan two times
Month
Planning of provision of Income restoration support by the Contracted 1-60 Quarterly
Agency
Continuity of Personnel in RAP as per institutional arrangement 1-60 Bi-monthly
Process Monitoring would involve the concurrent checking of implementation activities to ascertain whether these
are being implemented in accordance with the RAP and thereby enable the project authorities to take appropriate
action to address any gaps, deviations, etc. It would be one continuous and routine process of tracking and
reporting on activities and outputs associated with use of project resources. It would be closely integrated with
the routine reporting system of implementing agencies and units (through Monthly, Quarterly and Annual
Reports). It would include collection, analysis, reporting and use of information about the progress of R&R
against a time-bound implementation schedule indicated in the RAP. Quantitative indicators that focus on
physical and financial targets and delivery of entitlements to PAPs will provide an efficient tool to supplement
qualitative assessment that shall be carried out in the case of socio-economic impacts.
Mechanism and Reporting: Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) unit, RPCO at Amhara region will coordinate the
Projects performance monitoring system, in close collaboration with Regional BoEPLAU. Woreda Administration
(WPITs), RPCO (M&E) officer will be main responsible for preparation and submission of Monthly, Quarterly and
Annual progress reports. Other lead agencies BoEPLAU (as RAP involves expropriation of land and related
tasks), BoWRD, BoARD, NPCO (M&E), and contracted agency(ies) for Income Restoration will supplement the
M&E unit by providing information as necessary. Internal monitoring under the Regional Coordinators office will
commence soon after the RAP is approved and implementation activities commence. Figure 14.1 depicts the
linkages for internal monitoring.
NPC (M&E), MoWE
RPSC
RPCO (M&E)
BoEPLAU
BoFED, BoWRD,
BoARD
Woreda Agriculture
WPITs of Ebinat and Farta comprising of representatives

from WoFED, WoARD, WoWRD, etc
Figure 14.1 Reporting linkages for Internal Monitoring
Monthly Activity progress reports and detailed quarterly reports will be sent to the RPCO for updating RPSC and
NPCO, MoWE. At the end of the fourth financial quarter (June-August)53 a full Annual Report would be prepared
that includes information on all indicators along with a detailed analysis of achieved results and constraints
therein. Information compiled bi-annually would be presented to the WB office and also during their periodic
missions. Further progress and issues would be presented in detail at the Annual Project Review Workshop for
53 As per Ethiopian Calender
holding informed discussions on implementation processes of RAP. Focus of each of these reports and
workshop is presented below:
Report/Event Focus (as relevant to RAP implementation)

Monthly records and Progress of implementation
reports Process issues of RAP, safeguards compliance
Implementation constraints and recommended actions
Quarterly progress All of the above aspects presented on a cumulative basis and presented against the Annual Plan
monitoring reports of implementation activities for submission to relevant stakeholders including funding agency
WB
Annual progress and All the four quarters compiled along with detailed analysis
achievement reports
Annual Project Review Presentation of progress, processes, implementation constraints
workshop
Source: PIM, ENIDP, 2007
Key Monitoring parameters: The following Objectives and indicators specific to social impacts are listed in the
PIM:
Objectives Indicators
Livelihoods and standards of living of persons Quantity & value of economic assets owned by project affected
resettled into and within the irrigation command areas parties (PAPs) before & after resettlement
not reduced by involuntary resettlement process Distance of PAPs from amenities such as potable water
sources, schools, health clinics, veterinary centers
Social Safeguards process Resettlement Action Extent of stakeholder consultations (great, fair, low) and
Plan (RAP) for minimization & mitigation of adverse timeliness of decisions and mitigation actions on resettlement
social and economic impacts of involuntary (no. of days delay)
resettlement is in place. Level of compensation (quantity/ ETB value) of land, finance &
Assumed Intermediate outcome: Compliance with other material and technical support received by PAPs (project
processes and mitigation measures set out in the RAP affected parties).
by all parties.
Process Monitoring indicators for RAP Implementation of Ribb Reservoir have been devised along following
parameters to measure progress of various activities:
Physical
Financial (compensation/establishment)
Resettlement and rehabilitation
Social (Education and Health)
Processes
Institutional (including Grievance redressal)
Some of the key indicators are as follows:

establishment of required institutional structures;
asset acquisition and disbursement of compensation (particularly to those 39 households already
affected);
disbursement operation of compensation,
relocation to resettlement sites including provision of amenities;
investing of compensation amount into any productive economic asset e.g. ox, tool/machine implement for
economic activity
development of livelihood restoration programmes,
consultation meetings with kebele communities around resettlement and rehabilitation issues; and
preparation and submission of monitoring and evaluation reports.
See Annexure 14.1 for list of indicative monitoring indicators.
14.4 Annual External Evaluation

Evaluations would be carried out to identify constraints, ascertain changes or outcomes and provide
implementable recommendations based on experiences within and elsewhere. Evaluation assesses
resettlement efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability, drawing lessons as a guide to future
resettlement planning. It would enable to assess whether RAP objectives were met when compared to the
baseline information on the households, i.e. livelihoods and living standards were restored or enhanced. It would
draw upon information gathered from routine monitoring, supplemented by information from surveys/ studies,
including baseline and follow-up studies and other sources. The evaluation exercise would help gain a deeper
understanding and perspective of project outcomes and impacts. The evaluation would be carried out on an
Annual basis by an External agency. The timing of the evaluation exercises would be such as to feed the
findings into the Annual Project Review Workshop. A Mid-term evaluation would be carried out at the end of
Year 3, while the End-term (or terminal) evaluation would be carried out a few months after Year 5. However, in
case there are any outstanding issues that require attention, administering of additional measures for resolution,
the Evaluation exercise would continue till the time:
either the RAP objectives are fully achieved; OR
till they are deemed to be substantially achieved with systems and processes in place that are adequate to
complete pending actions.
Mechanism and Reporting: MoWE will contract a specialized agency with requisite experience in similar
evaluation studies for this purpose. The evaluation exercise will draw upon interactions with communities,
WPITs, kebele administration and from implementing agencies BoEPLAU, Woreda OoEPLAUs, RPCO, NPCO,
etc. Also the agency should draw reports from the RAP database and other sources as necessary, etc. Both
positive and adverse impact will be measured in both quantitative and qualitative way. Focus of evaluation at
different evaluation stages as stated in the PIM is given below:
Report/Event Focus (as relevant to RAP implementation)

Studies in support of EMP & compliance with social safeguards/ mitigation measures under ESMPF,
RAP to include systematic assessment of their effectiveness in ensuring development
sustainability, livelihoods& standards of living of resettled people,
Mid tern Review/ Evaluation Progress towards PDO & component outcomes;
Exercise Community & user perceptions of project impacts.
Effectiveness, quality, adequacy, relevance and sustainability of project
interventions;.
Revisiting RAP measures and key assumptions.
Terminal Evaluation Exercise Progress towards PDO & component outcomes;
Specific lessons for future RAP preparation and implementation issues
Source: PIM, ENIDP, 2007
Figure 14.2 depicts the linkages for Annual External Evaluation.
NPCO (M&E)/MOWE
RPCO/M&E officer
BoARD
BoEPLAU
External Evaluation
Woreda Admn/RAP
Agency
database
WPITs
Other agencies at
Woreda/Region
Agency for Income

Restoration
PAPs
Figure 14.2 Information and Reporting linkages for External Evaluation
Evaluation parameters: Six broad parameters for Evaluation are as given below in Table 14.2
Table 14.2 Broad parameters for assessing quality of life

S.No. Impact evaluation indicators Pre-project baseline Annual evaluation End of project
values evaluation
1 Annual income
2 Occupation
3 Landholding
4 Material assets
5 Access to basic services
6 House type
Source: SMEC, 2012
As 1091 PAPs are a significant number, the evaluation exercise would be undertaken on a sample basis drawn
from the total affected households. The drawn Sample (maximum 20%) would be representative of types of
impacts and mitigation measures and drawn proportionately from each impacted kebele. Both these evaluations
should also compare rehabilitation against a Control group of persons within the project kebeles but not directly
impacted in term of losses by the project. An indicative set of parameters is given below
PAPs who have lost all their cultivable landholding;
PAPs who have lost their homestead and cultivable land and structures;
vulnerable PAPs who have some parcels of their cultivable land;
PAPs who have to change their occupation from land to non-land based activities;
by usage of compensation amount into any productive economic asset e.g. ox, tool/machine implement
PAPs who have relocated (or did not relocate) to another area from their present area i.e. to woreda
center/town, another kebele and also same kebele; and
See Annexure 14.3 for TORs for Annual External Evaluation
CHAPTER 15 GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL
15.1 Types of likely Grievances

Grievances are likely to occur in the reservoir scheme as: i) peoples key economic asset - land would be
acquired for reservoir storage leading to changes in their production systems, livelihoods, income and lifestyles;
and ii) the process of resettlement and rehabilitation of PAPs shall be a long drawn and complex process given
their present set of skills and levels of understanding. Types of grievances that have already occurred at the
planning stage and would occur during the implementation stage are listed below:
Stage Types of grievances (indicative)

Planning lack of awareness of the project boundary;
missing of parcel, error in identification and/or incorrect measurement (or perceptions over incorrect
measurement) of affected assets;
disagreement regarding inheritance or ownership of assets and fearing loss of compensation;
lack of adequate communication on the project developments,
temporary submergence of assets and damage to crops, due to diversion of river for construction
works, etc.;
disagreement over the valuation of affected assets;
Implementation non-payment for improvements carried out to structures post survey and valuation but prior to
compensation payments;
relating to time delays, mode of payment of compensation;
not enough dam constructed related work.
wrong identification of appropriate income restoration schemes, their inadequacy, training support
and lack of necessary assistances;
increased threat to health from water-borne diseases,
increased cases of AIDS due to in-migration
loss of access not addressed
damage caused due by ongoing construction work on the Dam
damage to crops and other assets due to diversion of river and dust emanating from construction
non-inclusion in schemes,
not enough consultation,
ill prepared resettlement sites,
inadequate support during relocation to resettlement sites
15.2 Need for Grievance Redressal Mechanism

The Grievance Redressal Mechanism involves formation or operationalizing of Grievance Redressal Committee.
The main objective is to provide a step-by-step process of registering and addressing the grievances. It is
expected that this mechanism will ensure redress of disputes through participative process. An effective
mechanism to redress grievances requires:
i) that grievances do not linger on and become contentious issues between project authorities and the affected
community and result in opposition to the project;
ii) PAPs and the overall community appreciate efforts by the project authorities to reach out to hear concerns,
proactively address and resolve issues; and
iii) PAPs particularly demonstrate willingness to support and benefit from the implementation of proposed
mitigation measures.
15.3 Grievance Redressal Mechanism

The key players in the grievance redressal process are:
PAPs themselves
Influential persons in the project affected kebele (could be non-PAPs)
Woreda Administration
WPIT
Host community (in case of relocation to another site)
Principles in formulation of effective grievance mechanism are that the mechanism is:
i) devised keeping in mind the socio-cultural setting such as making use of village elders too in resolution of
disputes;
ii) take cognizance of impacts on female PAPs and ensures their adequate representation;
iii) is independent of the implementing agencies to allow affected individuals to voice concerns and seek
redressal;
iv) is accessible and is well-supported by an effective information dissemination mechanism to prevent
occurrence of a grievance in the first place due to lack of information;
v) is timely and responsive i.e. its recommendation and decisions are implemented by the project authorities;
and
Compensation Grievance Redressal committee: For the Ribb Reservoir scheme, there shall be a Grievance
mechanisms relating to compensation, relocation and other processes, etc. To address compensation related
grievances a Committee is formed at kebele, woreda, and Regional level. Details of these committees are given
below:
Kebele level: It would be the first-level structure to which a complainant will go to report a grievance and seek
resolution. Attempt would be made to redress the grievances at the level at which they occur as that would help
to keep PAPs faith in the mechanism. Kebele administration would nominate a person from within the
administration to dedicatedly record and redress grievances and particularly support those PAPs who are
illiterate. The Kebele grievance redressal committee members have been elected by the community. Their
composition, by kebele is as follows:
Composition of Kebele Level Grievance Committee members

Kebele Name Sex Role Remark
Farta Woreda
Ayvaniva No separate committee at the kebele level as only four farmers are affected. The complaint could be
heard by the woreda committee.
Jara Shikra Guade Menegesetu M Chairperson Farmers
Andaregie Kefi/Kes/ M Member` Farmers
Asefu Gelayehu F Member Farmers
Medeb Gubda Wasihun Molla M Chairperson Farmers
Gedefaw Belay M Member Farmers
Zeyen Endalew F Member Farmers
Ebinat Woreda
Amestiya Tadel Kibekab F Member Farmers
Asefaw Alemu M Chairperson Farmers
Gizachew Teferi M Member Farmers
Source: Farta and Ebinat Woreda Administrations, 2013
In addition to the above, it is suggested cognizance be taken of the existing grievance resolution systems
wherein elderly persons play a significant role in resolution of disputes within their respective kebeles. Therefore
at least one such member be included as a member of the greivance mechanism. The person should be well
respected and having knowledge of such land related issues and with proven skills in conflict and grievance
handling.
First level of grievance handling will involve physical verification upon receipt of any grievance such as
inaccurate measurement of impacted asset, loss of access, damage to structures, crops during construction,
counting of trees etc. that do not involve immediate monetary implications. The physical verification and
certification will be carried out by the WPIT members in presence of PAPs and appropriate documentation would
be done. They would draw upon the Relocation Committee and Income Restoration Agency(ies) as required.
Response would be provided to the concerned PAP within 7-10 days of receipt of grievance. The GRC will
normally meet once in a month but may meet more frequently, if the situation so demands. A time period of 45
days will be available for redressing the grievance of EPs. The decision of the GRC will not be binding to PAPs.
The PAP has the option of taking recourse to the court of law, if he/she so desires. Functions and composition of
GRC are as under:
i) Record the grievances of PAPs, categorize and prioritize them and provide solution to their grievances
related to compensation, and resettlement and rehabilitation support.
ii) The GRC may undertake site visit, ask for relevant information from Project Authority and other government
and non-government agencies, etc. in order to resolve the grievances of PAPs.
iii) Fix a time frame within the stipulated time period of 45 days for resolving the grievance
iv) Inform PAPs through WPITs about the status of their case and their decision to PAPs for compliance
Woreda level: If not redressed at the kebele level, the issue would be taken to Woreda level committee for
redressal. A committee to addressing matters relating to compensation operates at the Woreda level. Woreda
Administrator would nominate three (3) persons who are well-versed with legislations. Preferably these would
be representatives from different departments within the Woredas such as OoEPLAU, WoARD and Woreda
Urban Administration Office and Womens Affairs Office as that would ensure that the committee is well
represented and is therefore capable of professional advice on issues from all perspectives. As per MoU
between ANRS and MoWE, the Woreda Administrator would have only a facilitating role in redressing
grievances and thereby avoid any conflict of interest. While Ebinat Woreda already has two female
representatives, it is recommended that at least two of these representatives shall be women in Farta Woreda.
Woreda Level Grievance Committee members

Woreda Name Sex Department Role Remark
Farta Workyantefu Goshe F W/Administration Chair person
Getenet Asenake M Agriculture member
Ambachew Molla M OoEPLAU member
Wale Dessie M Womens office member
Ebinat Tadefie Addis F Womens office member
Hibere Dagnew F Agriculture member
Meseret Addis M OoEPLAU member
Teshale Alebachew/kes/ M Office of revenue Chair person
Source: Farta and Ebinat Woreda Administrations, 2013
In addition to the above, it is suggested that one such member who is not related to the Woreda administration
but is well respected, has knowledge of such land related issues with proven skills in conflict and grievance
handling.be included as a member of the greivance mechanism.
Regional level: If not redressed at the Woreda level, grievance committee comprising of Regional
Administration and members of BoEPLAU shall hear the grievance and provide solutions for compensation
cases. It would be deemed to be final failing which PAP shall have the recourse to legal system/court.
The grievance mechanisms specific to the project will remain operational till after completion of RAP
implementation or as mutually agreed upon by a careful monitoring of the grievances received, addressed;
pending and/or referred for arbitration/court. See Appendix 15.1 for Sample Grievance Format.
A separate office space shall be provided for at the Kebele and Woredas to enable complainant or aggrieved
persons (i.e. including non-PAPs) to register their grievances in written form. If the aggrieved person is illiterate,
kebele or Woreda administration shall provide appropriate support as the case may be. The complainant shall
have to record details in the grievance lodging format as given below:
a) for name of the pleader and the defendant along with contact their details and address.
b) details of the disputed parcel i.e. neighbouring land holders in all directions, size of their plots and plot
ID
c) cause of the dispute which could be (i) dispute attributed to inheritance, (ii) dispute attributed to
donation, (iii) dispute attributed to divorce; (iv) dispute attribute to exchange of parcels, (v) dispute
attributed to possessory right, (vi) dispossessing illegal land holder; (vii) dispute attributed to rent; (viii)
dispute in relation to amount of compensation; (ix) other (specify)
d) to indicate to whom s/he is submitting the application i.e. either the court, or office or kebele committee,
arbitral institution, or any other.
e) to indicate as how he intends to follow the process i.e. by reviewing documents in the office or
inspecting land at site, etc.
f) of space for names of all reviewers and their signatures, besides for the Head of the office, if s/he had
participated in the reviewing the issue.
The decision of the GRC will not be binding to PAPs. The PAP has the option of taking recourse to the court of
law" if he/she so desires. Box 15.1 lists a few essentials in handling of grievances and these too shall be
covered during training programs for officials.
Box 15.1 Essentials in Grievance Redressal

Acknowledge dissatisfaction: Accept that the displacement due to a development shall generate grievances, rather
than ignore or turn away
Effective listening: Careful listening to elicit information regarding the grievance shall help to accurately define the
problem
Separate facts from fiction: Ask for facts and record it (preferably by the PAP himself). If illiterate, provide support as
necessary;
Quick turn-around: Take optimum time to analyse ascertain and decide and finally communicate the decision to the
PAP. Keep communicating with PAPs in case of delays
Follow-up: If decision requires a follow up action, take it soonest to instil confidence in the PAP regarding the
grievance mechanisms and process
Source: SMEC, 2013
Further, for down-stream kebeles such as Addis Bete Kirstian and Wetemb, impacts on crop could occur. It is
recommended that the Region BoEPLAU should support the Fogera Woreda administration to set up a specific
grievance committee at the Kebele level and also at Woreda level in the event that such impacts occurs. It
should orient them on the processes involved in grievance resolution, besides monitoring the redressal of such
grievances in case they occur.
ANNEXURES
2.1 Documents referred, websites visited and departments met
Documents referred
1. Resettlement Policy Framework of ENIDP
2. Feasibility Study of the Ribb Irrigation & Drainage Project, TAHAL Consulting Group, 2011
3. Environment and Social Impact Assessment of Ribb Irrigation & Drainage Project, BRL Ingenierie, 2010
4. Resettlement Action Plan of Ribb Dam by Beza Beza Consulting Engineers PLC, 2010
5. Statistical Abstract, 2009 of Central Statistical Agency, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
6. Applicable legal instruments including relevant proclamations of Amhara Region, FDRE and ENIDP
7. Summary and Statistical Report of 2007 Population and Housing census, by Population Census Commission, FDRE
8. Gender Mainstreaming Field Manual, MoWE, FDRE
9. Operational Policies OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement of the World Bank
10. Agricultural potentials, constraints and opportunities in Megech and Ribb rivers irrigation project areas in Lake Tana
basin of Ethiopia, Amhara Agricultural Research Institute, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
11. National Strategic Plan for Malaria Prevention, Control and Elimination in Ethiopia (2010-2015), Ministry of Health,
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, 2009
12. Strategic Plan for Intensifying Multisectoral HIV/Aids Response in Ethiopia II (SPM II), 2009-2014
13. Livestock Development Strategies and Plans, Amhara Region Livestock Development Agency, 2012
14. Constraints, Capacity Gaps and Proposed Thematic Areas for the Capacity Building of Farmers and Farmers based
Organizations at Ribb and Megech Irrigation Projects, 2010
15. Operational Policy (OP 4.12) on Involuntary Resettlement, The World Bank, 2001 (and revised in 2011)
16. Detailed Implementation Manual for Environmental and Social Management Plan of Ribb River Fisheries Resource,
2010
17. Development of Matching Grant Mechanism, Final Report, ENDIP, MoWR, 2010
18. Volume II, Report on Livestock and Livestock Characteristics (Private Peasant Holdings), Agricultural Sample Survey,
2011/12, Central Statistical Agency, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, 2012
19. Report on Small Scale Manufacturing Industries Survey, Central Statistical Agency, Federal Democratic Republic of
Ethiopia 2010
Websites
20. www.csa.gov.et.
21. www.worldbank.org
Federal
22. National Project Coordination Office (NPCO), Ministry of Water and Energy
Woreda Offices Ebinat and Farta

23. Bureau of Finance and Economic Development (BoFED),
24. Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development (BoARD),
25. Office of Environmental Protection and Land Administration and Use (OoEPLAU)
26. Womens Affair Office,
27. Health Office
28. Micro and Small scale enterprise;
Regional Offices
29. Bureau of Environmental Protection and Land Administration and Use (BoEPLAU), Amhara Region
30. Regional Project Coordination Office
Non-Government Organizations
31. CVM (Italian NGO)
32. Amhara Development Association (ADA)
33. Organization for Research and Development (ORDA), Amhara Region
34. CARE Ethiopia

35. Concern Ethiopia
5.1 List of PAPs who shall require relocation to resettlement site
S/N PAP Name Sex Age Total Affected Balance % of Need Rep.
. holding holding holding loss land in
size(kada) size(Kada) size Command
(kada) Area?

Medeb Gubda kebele: PAPs losing residential structures and opting to settle in woreda town center
1. PAPs who are losing Everything
1 Abebe Getaneh Yimer M 35 5.5 5.5 0 100 No
2 Abebe Shumet Mirte M 40 6 6 0 100 No
3 Aderajew Tesafa Gelaw M 27 1.5 1.5 0 100 No
4 Aderajew Tigabu Belay M 35 2 2 0 100 No
5 Anley Kebte Wonde F 75 4 4 0 100 No
6 Dege Tezera Mandefro F 43 4 4 0 100 No
7 Desta Agegnew Ambaw F 32 2.25 2.25 0 100 No
8 Ketema Shumet Mirte M 30 2 2 0 100 No
9 Belaynew Shumet Mirte M 26 2 2 0 100 No
10 Gashaw Adugna Melese M 41 7 7 0 100 No
11 Endeshash Geset Mesfin F 22 2 2 0 100 No
12 Gide Mengistu Bogale M 53 6 6 0 100 No
13 Kasa Alemu Setegn F 33 2 2 0 100 No
14 Kolel Kebte Wonde F 75 4 4 0 100 No
15 Mare Damtew Admasu M 59 12 12 0 100 No
16 Masresha Wondaya Gobeze M 60 4 4 0 100 No
17 Sisay Adugna Meles M 35 3 3 0 100 No
18 Minkeresh Tadese Biyadge F 49 7 7 0 100 No
19 Fasika Tarekegn Mengesha F 27 1.25 1.25 0 100 No
20 Tegegne Workeneh Alula M 52 7 7 0 100 No
21 Teguade Tegaye Wondim M 71 7.25 7.25 0 100 No
22 Tesafa Gelaw Wondawul M 70 3 3 0 100 No
23 Workiye Getnet Abera M 21 4 4 0 100 No
24 Yaze Shumet Mirte M 35 7 7 0 100 No
25 Getahun Chekole Tiruneh M 30 4 4 0 100 No
26 Getahun Zewdu Mengistu M 35 3 3 0 100 No
27 Yesyit Yimer Demissie F 45 4 4 0 100 No
28 Yezab Asnakew Mekonnen F 35 4 4 0 100 No
29 Yezina Muluye Mekonnen F 37 5 5 0 100 No
30 Destaw Derso Fenta M 37 5 5 0 100 No
2. PAPs who are losing residential Structure and have balance land less than one kada
1 Yebre Adis Wondyifraw F 62 4 3.75 0.25 94 No
2 Gebeyanesh Tarekegn F 24 1.5 1 0.5 67 No
3 Fekade Molla Kebede M 36 4 3.5 0.5 88 No
4 Gedefaw Chane Yirdaw M 36 6 5.25 0.75 88 No
3. PAPs who are losing residential Structure and have balance land less than two kada
1 Enanu Abate Wondyifraw F 65 6 5 1 83 No
2 Dese Ayalew Erkyihun M 30 8 7 1 88 No
3 Abebaw Belachew Wolde M 42 12 11 1 92 No
4 Chekole Yesmaw Tsiye M 45 12 11 1 92 No
5 Tigzaw Alemu Wondyifraw F 49 1.5 0.25 1.25 17 No
6 Yenigus Erke Zeleke F 39 4 2.5 1.5 63 No
7 Asmare Abeje Gobe M 30 5 3.5 1.5 70 No
8 Kindalem Adugna Mesfin M 35 7.5 6 1.5 80 No
S/N PAP Name Sex Age Total Affected Balance % of Need Rep.
. holding holding holding loss land in
size(kada) size(Kada) size Command
(kada) Area?

9 Dasash Melese Tsegaye F 27 4 2.25 1.75 56 No
4. PAPs who are losing residential Structure and have balance land greater than or equal to two kada
1 Ambaye Tezera Mandefro M 33 4 2 2 50 No
2 Tiku Geze Hailu F 45 4 2 2 50 No
3 Getahun Mulawu Yewuhala M 35 5 3 2 60 No
4 Abebe Alemu Wondyifraw M 45 9 7 2 78 No
5 Belet Molla Wondyifraw and 12 10 2 83 No
Engidaw Maru Birhane
6 Getnet Abera Kasa M 39 7 4.5 2.5 64 No
7 Azezew Mihret Ayal M 46 12 8 4 67 No
Jara Shikra Kebele: PAPs who are losing residential structures and opting to settle in woreda town
1 Awoke Hone M 35 4 4 0 100 No
2 Ejinsu Hone Aycheh F 35 4 3 1 75 No
3 Moges Hone Aycheh M 40 7 3 4 43 No
4 Teyeku Nigussie Fenta F 65 5 2 3 40 No
Amestiya kebele: PAPs losing residential structures and opting to settle in communal lands
1 Tadese Asresahegn M 86 7 3 4 43 No
W/Mariyam and Gela Tegegn
Biyadglign
2 Enalem Kibkab Mekonnen F 30 4 3 1 75 No
3 Moges Yehuwala Abitew and M 40 4 3 1 75 No
Muchit Kume Zimamu
4 Mesfin Meshesha Worke and M 65 8 7 1 88 No
Muchit Getahun Beyene
5 Jember Bezabih Zelelew and M 18 7 7 0 100 No
Muchit Woreta Jember
6 Mesfin Alebachew Tasew and M 58 9 9 0 100 No
Amelmal Demsash Bogale
7 Wubalem Jember Bezabih M 45 4 4 0 100 No
and Tadel Mare Gesese
Amestiya: PAPs losing residential structures and opting to settle in woreda town center
S/N PAP Name Sex Age Total Affected Balance % of House Need
holding holding holding loss affected? Rep.
(kada) (Kada) (kada) land in
CA?
?

1. those who are losing everthing
1 Abera Tafese Abitew and 5 5 0 100 YES No
Asrebeb Kasa Meshesha
2 Adis Zimamu Worke and M 54 5 5 0 100 YES No
Tega Shumew Chekole
3 Teshager Abtew Nigusssie M 57 4 4 0 100 YES No
and Tega Getaneh
Mekonnen
Amestiya: PAPs losing residential structures and opting to settle in woreda town center
S/N PAP Name Sex Age Total Affected Balance % of House Need
holding holding holding loss affected? Rep.
(kada) (Kada) (kada) land in
CA?
?

4 Abaynew Tilahun M 29 0.25 0.25 0 100 yes No
Mekonnen
5 Azmeraw Jember Bezabih M 35 3 3 0 100 YES No
and Meselu Mesfin Damte
6 Enana Alem Awoke F 32 4 4 0 100 YES No
7 Enana Alem Awoke and F 32 4 4 0 100 YES No
Taimalew Tebeje Gebre
8 Gela Gete Yehuwala F 80 4 4 0 100 YES No
9 Kibret Mesfin Meshesha M 37 3 3 0 100 YES No
10 Kume Zimamu Worke F 53 4 4 0 100 YES No
and Mulu Fisha Kasa
2. those who are having less than one kada
1 Molla Desalegn Yigzaw M 39 4 3.75 0.25 94 YES No
and Teyeku Molla Worku
3. those who are having less than two kada
1 Tadel Kibkab Mekonnen F 48 7 6 1 86 YES No
2 Atale Biru Teferi and M 56 8 7 1 88 YES No
Kasaye Ayenew
Asresahegn
3 Shumet Alebachew Tasew M 47 12 11 1 92 YES No
and Enyat Chekole Belay
4 Habtam Getasew Kume F 20 4 2.5 1.5 63 YES No
4. those who are having more than or equal to two kada
1 Awoke Mekuriya Takele M 38 4 2 2 50 YES No
and Debre Molla Ayehu
2 Alemitu Tilahun awoke F 22 5 3 2 60 YES No
and Ayenew Mekuanint
Tegegne
3 Esubalew Ayenew Asres M 42 5 3 2 60 YES No
4 Bihonegn Mekuriya Takele F 35 8 6 2 75 YES No
and Enalem Molla Ayehu
5 Tarekegn Mekuriya Takele F 25 8 6 2 75 YES No
6 Bayush Fentahun Aycheh F 20 3.25 0.25 3 8 YES No
7 Azmeraw Feleke Wonde M 38 6 3 3 50 YES No
and Fasika Abeje
Teshager
8 Asrebeb Kasa Meshesha 4.5 0.5 4 11 YES No
and Abera Tafese Abitew
9 Maru Tegegne Zelelew 5.75 0.75 5 13 YES No
and Dasash Belay Adugna
6.1 Key Definitions
Some of the key definitions used in the RPF are reproduced below:
(i) Involuntary Displacement means the involuntary taking of land resulting in direct or indirect economic and social impacts
caused by:
a) Loss of benefits from use of such land;
b) relocation or loss of shelter;
c) loss of assets or access to assets; or
d) loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the project affected person has moved to another
location.
(ii) Census means a field survey carried out to identify and determine the number of Project Affected Persons (PAP), their
assets, and potential impacts; in accordance with the procedures, satisfactory to the relevant government authorities, and the
World Bank Safeguard Policies. The meaning of the word shall also embrace the criteria for eligibility for compensation,
resettlement and other measures, emanating from consultations with affected communities and the Local Leaders.
(iii) Compensation means the payment in kind, cash or other assets given in exchange for the taking of land, or loss of other
assets, including fixed assets thereon, in part or whole.
(iv) Cut-off date is the date of commencement of the census of PAPs within the project area boundaries. This is the date on and
beyond which any person whose land is occupied for project use, will not be eligible for compensation.
(v) Replacement cost means replacement of assets with an amount sufficient to cover
full replacement cost of lost assets and related transaction costs. In terms of land, this
may be categorized as follows;
(vi). Replacement cost for agricultural land means the pre-project or pre-displacement,
whichever is higher, value of land of equal productive potential or use located in the vicinity of the affected land, plus the costs of:
preparing the land to levels similar to those of the affected land;
any registration, transfer taxes and other associated fees;
(vi) Replacement cost for houses and other structures means the prevailing cost of replacing affected structures of the quality
similar to or better than that of the affected structures, in an area and. Such costs shall include:
a) Building materials
b) transporting building materials to the construction site;
c) any labour and contractors fees; and
d) any registration costs.
(vii) Resettlement Assistance means the measures to ensure that project affected persons
who may require to be physically relocated are provided with assistance such as moving allowances, residential housing or
rentals which ever is feasible and as required, for ease of resettlement during relocation,
(viii) Affected Individual An individual who suffers loss of assets or investments, land and property and/or access to natural
and/or economic resources as a result of the sub-project activities and to whom compensation is due. For example, an affected
individual is a person who farms a land, or who has built a structure on land that is now required by a sub project for purposes
other than farming or residence by the initial individuals.
(ix) Affected Household A household is affected if one or more of its members is affected by sub-project activities, either by
loss of property, land, loss of access, or otherwise affected in any way by project activities. This provides for:
any members in the households, men, women, children, dependent relatives and friends, tenants;
vulnerable individuals who may be too old or ill to farm along with the others;
relatives who depend on one another for their daily existence;
relatives who may not eat together but provide housekeeping and other domestic choirs, and
other vulnerable people who cannot participate for physical or cultural reasons in production, consumption, or co-
residence.
(x) Affected local community A community is affected if project activities affect their socio-economic and/or social-cultural
relationships or cohesion. For example project activities could lead into such improvement of socio-economic welfare that class-
consciousness arises coupled with cultural erosion etc. This is not likely given the anticipated scale of the EIDP subprojects, but
must be taken into account.
(xi) Vulnerable Households - Vulnerable households may have different land needs from most households or needs unrelated to
the amount of land available to them. Vulnerable households are:
(a) Indigenous peoples / pastoralists - are often closely tied to their traditional or customary lands and natural resources on these
lands, but these lands may not be under legal ownership pursuant to national law. Due to that any form of resettlement embodies
for indigenous people more serious risks than for any other populations and should consequently be avoided. If this is not
feasible, the indigenous peoples land use will be documented by experts in collaboration with the affected households without
prejudicing any land claim, the affected indigenous people will be informed of their rights with respect to these lands under
national laws, including any national law recognizing customary rights or use, the projects will offer affected indigenous peoples
at least compensation and due process available to those with full legal title to land in the case of commercial development of
their land under national laws, together with culturally appropriate development opportunities; land-based compensation or
compensation-in-kind will be offered in lieu of cash compensation where feasible and the projects will enter into good faith
negotiation with the affected indigenous peoples, and document their informed participation and the successful outcome of the
negotiation.
(b) Unmarried women who may be dependent on sons, brothers, or others for support. Since an affected individual is able to
name the person with whom s/he is linked in dependency as part of the household, resettlement will not sever this link.
(c) Elderly elderly people farm or work as long as they are able. Their economic viability may depend on how much land they
farm or how much they produce because, by producing even small amounts of food to exchange with others, they can subsist
on cooked food and generous return gifts of cereal from people such as their kith and kin and neighbours. Losing land will affect
their economic viability. What would damage their economic viability even more than losing land is resettlement that separates
them from the person or household on whom they depend for their support. The definition of household by including dependents
avoids this.
(d) HIV/AIDS afflicted persons relatively high percentages of the poor and total population are living with HIV or are terminally
ill with AIDS. Many are beneficiaries of numerous health programs from government (central and local), international
organizations and the NGO community.
(e) Woman-headed households may depend on husbands, sons, brothers, or others for support. However, in other cases too,
women are the main breadwinners in their household even where the men have remained with the family. Women therefore
need relatively easy access to health service facilities, as mothers and wives. For example, where the land being acquired is
used by a woman with no formal rights to it or a woman who is dependent on a man other than her husband for her primary
income. These women should not be resettled in a way that separates them from their households as the very survival of their
households may depend on them. Their compensation must take into account all these factors.
(f) Small-scale female farmers- are also vulnerable because they may not have men available within the household to carry out
male specific land preparation tasks such as ringing trees, clearing or ploughing land. Either male relative in other households
help them voluntarily, or they hire men for cash, or food. Land compensation specifically includes the labor costs of preparing a
new land, so these women are provided for by the compensation plan.
(g) Non-farming females these earn income from other sources and/or depend on relatives for exchanges of staple foods.
Other definitions:
Subsistence crops: Subsistence crops are crops produced by subsistence agriculture to meet the domestic consumption needs
of the farmer to live on and not for commercial purpose.
Non-eucalyptus trees (or Indigenous): Non-eucalyptus tree are natural/indigenous plants, other than eucalyptus, grown naturally
by themselves and not grown by farmer/land holder e.g. Acacia, wanza, warka, abalo, misana etc .
Perennial crops: Crops that have a life period of more than two years e.g. Mango, lemon, papaya, etc
Fruit trees: Fruit crops are usually perennial crops because they live for more than two years i.e. a tree that bears edible fruits,
e.g. Mango, Papaya, etc
Private grazing land: private grazing land is a land owned by individual farmer/s and used for grazing. The land holding certificate
book bears this information under one column Land Use Type. The Land Use Type can be Annual Crop Land, Irrigated Land,
Grazing Land, Homestead, etc
Local communal grazing: While private grazing land belongs to an individual so only the holder of the land uses the land for
grazing, local communal grazing land the land is legally registered as Kebele (in turn state) holding and used for animal grazing
for the nearby farmers. Anybody living in the locality can use the land for grazing because it is communal land.
Belg and Meher: There are two rainy seasons in Ethiopia called belg and meher. The belg is the short rainy season which
extends from February to May whereas the meher is a longer and main rainy season which extends from June to September.
During belg season most parts of the country do not receive adequate rain to grow crops. Hence they grow crops only during
meher season; however they may receive minimal rain during belg which may stimulate growth of some grasses for animal
grazing. In the project area cropping during belg is not considered because they do not receive adequate rain during this season
to grow crops.
7.1 Sample Entitlement Certificate
Compensation payment Certificate for those who lose land for Ribb Reservoir Project
Name of Holder/s 1. . Holding Certificate Book No.

2. .
The portion of your holding which is realized to be utilized for Irrigation infrastructure development service is
measured and registered by Woreda Compensation Valuation Committee and its area is as shown below. In
effect of losing the specified portion of your holding for the construction of Seraba Irrigation and Drainage
Scheme, compensation for asset you has produced thereon and first year displacement compensation is
estimated and is too shown below. When you are given warning instruction by the Woreda Administration and
the Project Office to hand over the land to the project, you are supposed to do so within 30 days by collecting
whatever property belonging to you on that land. In addition, as per the directive issued by the regional Bureau of
Environmental Protection Land Administration and Use on Land Redistribution for Modern Irrigation
Development, immediately after the completion of the project on 2007, you will be given a proportional irrigable
land to your ex-holding expropriated. The detail of the compensation estimation is:
1. Rain fed land .. ha
2. Irrigated land ha
3. Grazing land .... ha
4. Compensation for Rain Fed land .... Birr
5. Compensation for Irrigated land ... Birr
6. Compensation for Grazing Land ...... Birr
7. Compensation for Eucalyptus Tree Birr
8. Compensation for Natural Tree ..... Birr
9. Compensation for Perennial Crop ... Birr
10. Compensation for Structures Birr
We certify that the Total amount is Birr (In Figure) . (In Word) .
Additional support measures/assistances/grants
Training Support
1. Training Grant: ETB 1000
Relocation Support (for those to be resettled)

2. Location of Resettlement site: Debre Tabor urban/ Ebinat urban/ Ebinat rural (Amisteya)
3. Amount of land provided in Resettlement site (in sq.mtrs): 200 / 250 / 500
4. Site will be ready: by date
Income Restoration Support (for those entitled to income restoration support)

5. Amount of Economic Rehabilitation Grant (ERG): ETB 10000
6. Conditions for payment
With Regards
.. Woreda Administration
8.1 Terms of Reference for Livelihood and Income Restoration for PAPs of Ribb Reservoir Scheme
B. Project Context
The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) in agreement with the World Bank has
prepared an Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project (ENIDP) that will finance up to 20,000 ha of new irrigated
agriculture and complete detailed feasibility studies of up to 80,000 ha. Total Project cost is estimated at US$173.6
million, of which US$ 150.00 million will be financed by the International Development Association (IDA) and
remaining US$ 23.6 million will be financed by GoE and Beneficiaries. The proposed project comprises three
technical components: (I) Irrigation Development; (ii) Agricultural and Market Development; and (iii) Irrigation
Management. The fourth component is Project Management.
The 130 km Ribb River is located on the east side of Lake Tana, has a drainage area of about 1790 km2 and with its
tributaries forms a watershed on the western slope of the high mountainous area east of town of Debre Tabor. The
Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) is financing the upstream Ribb Dam for irrigation water storage and for flood
management of Lake Tana in the Amhara Region. The dam shall be a 73.2m earth-rock fill dam and the flooded
area at elevation of 1,940.00 masl (Normal Water Level) will be about 10 km 2 and 11.235 km2 (1123.5 ha) at
1,943.00 masl (Maximum Water Level), with reservoir storage capacity of 234 million cubic meter. The area to be
flooded to form the Ribb Reservoir can be characterized as a mountainous river valley, quite narrow at the dam site.
Water released from the Ribb dam will be diverted to the irrigated sites by a weir built close to the irrigation sites.
The total irrigable command area identified is 19,925 ha and the total net irrigable area on both banks of the river is
14,460 ha.
The Ribb dam construction site is situated in the South Gonder zone of the Amhara National Regional State.
Immediate influence areas of the Dam and reservoir lay in two Woredas Ebinat and Farta in the South Gonder
zone of the Amhara region. Four (4) Kebeles, namely Ayvaniva, Medebgubda and Jara Shekera (Farta Woreda) and
one kebele, Amisteya (Ebinat Woreda) shall be impacted by the Ribb reservoir scheme.
C. Resettlement Action Plan of ENIDP

The RAP is prepared based on the agreed Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) has been prepared for the overall
ENIDP. The overall objective of RAP is to ensure that affected households are no worse-off after the Project.
The RAP besides listing the non-tangible impacts, quantifies the tangible impacts and enlists the affected
persons/households who shall be directly affected by the project infrastructure in the three affected kebeles. While
the RIDP project covers all households including beneficiary households in the command area, the RAP for Ribb
reservoir covers only those PAP/PAHs who assets and livelihoods are to be directly affected by the reservoir
following the dam construction. All other households in the command areas of RIDP i.e. Fogera and Libo-Kemkem
shall continue to their lands without experiencing any impacts directly till the time construction of irrigation
infrastructure does not impact them. A separate RAP for the RIDP Irrigation scheme shall cover the households that
shall be affected by the design of irrigation infrastructure in the command area.
D. Project Impacts
Refer to Chapter 5 of Resettlement Action Plan document (attached)
E. Entitlements applicable to PAPs

Refer to Table 6.3, Section 6.4 of Chapter 6 of Resettlement Action Plan document (attached)
F. Livelihood and Income Restoration
Status: PAPs affected by reservoir (and also the Ribb Dam) are contributing to the development of the modern
irrigation scheme i.e. irrigation of the 14400 ha of land in the command area kebeles that lie across Fogera and
Ebinat Woreda. However, the lands in Ebinat and Farta woreda kebeles that shall be submerged by the reservoir
storage (upto a maximum water level of 1943 masl) are being/have been expropriated on a permanent basis.
Therefore these PAPs, in addition to compensation for assets lost at the time of expropriation, as per law, are entitled
to a displacement compensation for 10 years for loss of crop production due to loss of land, besides compensation
for other losses. However, considering their education, skills and experience, continuance of land based activities is
deemed the most appropriate and sustainable rehabilitation measure that shall restore their incomes to pre-project
levels or improve upon them.
Regardless of the degree of impact, a Preference Survey was administered on all PAP/PAHs in November 2012 to
elicit preferences of the PAPs with regard to their resettlement and rehabilitation and plan in accordance. Briefly, the
findings of the Preference Survey were:
% of PAHs who indicated preference for Land based rehabilitation options: 65.05%
% of the PAHs who preferred crop production (among those who preferred land based rehabilitation):
88.16%
% of PAHs who preferred non-land based or mix of non-land options: 34.05%
% of PAHs who preferred Petty Trade (among those who opted for non-land or mixed): 60.17%
Non-land based activities such as Bamboo works, Metal Works, Tannery, Tailoring, etc. were activities with
negligible or zero preference activities that indicates either their lack of awareness/exposure or preference
to continue activities familiar.
Fishery despite its obvious potential was totally missing
The Preference Survey recorded that no PAP preferred to shift to command area to avail of his/her entitlement to a
parcel(s) of irrigable land. Based on consultations with PAPs, a variety of reasons were ascertained. These are
given below:
i) cultural factors such as preference of PAPs to continue with their large-sized balance lands albeit unirrigated,
rather than shift to another area to avail a smaller size irrigated parcel of land;
ii) distance between reservoir area kebeles and command area kebeles i.e. approx. 40 km distance
iii) lack of willingness to leave other kebele members and shift to command area which lies in another kebele
located in another woreda;
Principles: Two principles shall guide the income and livelihood restoration strategy:
firstly, avoid the change in occupation to the extent possible; and
secondly, if unavoidable, provide appropriate measures that address each of the above risks;
Livelihood and Income restoration strategy: The strategy is to:

firstly, judiciously use compensation amount given; and
secondly, provide PAPs with a development package that has a mix of short-term measures i.e. assistance and
income earning opportunities, along with long-term livelihood and income restoration measures
G. Specific Tasks
Income Restoration programmes need to be designed with reference to the occupational profile of PAPs and also the
prospective host communities/area. Restoration of livelihoods/income of PAPs in land or non-land based economic
activities requires a gamut of measures to be devised and implemented. Backward and forward linkages are the
economic operations, which have to be undertaken as an interface with the market for inputs as well as outputs.
Provision of credit facilities, raw materials, training and other inputs e.g. infrastructural support for a given activity are
examples of backward linkages. Marketing, market information, tie-ups with shops, stores are the examples of
forward linkages.
Figure 8.1 depicts the major tasks that are to be taken in order to reach the RAP objective or intended outcome/goal.
Activities Intended Outcome/Goal
Market survey for assessment of potential IR activities Incomes of PAPs/PAHs restored to pre-project
Training Needs assessment levels or improved
Support infrastructure
Credit facilities Working Capital
Support from on-going government programs
General and specific activities under the tasks are listed below:
General Tasks: The contracted agency shall

work in support and as per instructions given by the Social Expert and Livelihood Expert at the Woreda/
Regional level;
motivate PAPs in rehabilitation activities particularly as PAPs would not be acquainted with the idea of
rehabilitation, or alternative means of livelihood
hold consultations meetings with communities, affected PAPs on an individual basis if and as necessary
help develop rapport between project authorities and PAPs,
contribute to the preparation of the periodic progress reports as required.
liaise with all government departments such as Agriculture and Rural Development, Urban Development, Health
Offices, Womens Office, other NGOs, training institutes, cooperatives, etc. as relevant and necessary to
execute the tasks mentioned
carry out other tasks as necessary to satisfactorily execute the assignment
Other Administration Tasks: The Contracted Agency shall further carry out the following administration tasks:
Support WPITs in maintaining accurate records of all expenditure
Contribute to the Annual Action Plan for RAP implementation as necessary
Ensure proper utilisation of the R&R budget available for each of the packages.
Document tasks carried to enable External M&E agency to monitor and evaluate RAP implementation.
Backward Linkages Tasks
Identification and Implementation of Income Restoration Activities: The Contracted Agency shall be responsible to:
carry out a rapid market survey particularly with reference to available markets/support for land and non-land
based (various extension packages of the WoARD) activities and available markets and locations for activities
start up for non-land based income generation activities;
carry out consultations with PAPs, group of PAPs explaining the merits and demerits of each activity;
elicit their preference by using the details from the RAP (or devise another survey questionnaire and revisit to
elicit their skills, experience, exposure and risk taking abilities; and
prepare appropriate business plans for each activity along with requisite budgets for approval and sanction by
the WPITs, Woreda Administrations and Woreda and Regional Livelihood expert.
Financial linkages: As PAPs may require support to build a new asset base or obtain new skills which informal
institutions such as Iqub, Iddirs cannot provide. Further loss of asset itself complicates the provision of necessary
collateral. Hence based on the purchase of an economically productive asset from the Economic Rehabilitation
Grant money, sourcing of credit from formal sources should be encouraged. The Contracted Agency shall be
responsible to
to establish linkages with Financial institutions such as ASCI, other Banks, cooperatives to facilitate credit for
PAPs
As credit should be linked to compensation amount received, they should advise PAPs and arrangements
should be made with opening of FDs with part of the compensation against which then such credit can be taken;
obtain required documents and counsel and assist in their accurate entry; and
submit these documents to relevant authorities and carry out necessary follow up for timely action by the
concerned authorities
Enrolment into development programs: On-going government programs for household asset building or productive
Safety net i.e. food security trainings for farmers on crop production can be tapped into support and rehabilitate
PAPs. Further livelihood packages promoted by the Agriculture Extension office or Livestock Development Agency
are to be explored into and facilitated. In addition, the on-going programs implemented by other donor NGOs shall
be dovetailed with. The Contracted agency shall be responsible:
to check on criteria of each scheme, obtain relevant forms, support PAPs in filling these forms; and
after thorough checking for accuracy they shall support PAPs in submission of these forms with details;
Infrastructural Support: The Contracted Agency shall, if required, liaise with WPITs to provide the basic infrastructure
facilities for non-land based rehabilitation. Principal infrastructure facilities required at rehabilitation sites are:
Working sheds
Storage facility
Training shed
Electricity (depending on the activity)
Training: Training support shall be as given below:

i) Training Needs Assessment (TNA): Prior to commencement of any income restoration activity, the Contracted
Agency shall carry out a Training Needs Assessment. It shall help to establish the Training objectives related to
the particular activity. Educational level, existing and required skills besides aptitude and inclination need to be
assessed to identify suitable income generation activities. Table F.1 provides an indicative template for skill
assessment.
Assessment of skill level of PAP by requirements of the activity

Existing Required
Trained has traditional knowledge and some/lot of experience Untrained Informal Formal Total
There needs to be two types of training that need to be made available Entrepreneurship Development Program
(EDP) and Skill Development Program.
EDP is an integrated process of identification, motivation, training, counseling, and support aimed at enlarging
the supply of entrepreneurs leading to creation of new enterprises. EDP is a human resource development
programme with an output of competent entrepreneurs with viable enterprises.
SDP are for upgrading skills for those persons who have guts for entrepreneurship. The entrepreneur therefore
needs to be identified, motivated, encouraged, strengthened and supported.
ii) Identification of a Training agency (or agencies): The contracted agency shall identify Training agency (or
agencies) to provide requisite training to the PAPs based on their skills. Training shall be imparted with a view to
impart both theory and practical i.e. on-the-job
iii) Customisation and Provision of training: Based on the TNA with respect to the income restoration
measures/activities planned, the Contracted agency shall ensure provision of the appropriately customized
training material/sessions and their provision to relevant PAPs.
iv) Feedback: Feedback from the trainees shall enable to identify weaknesses, shortcomings and improve for the
next time.
v) Exposure/Field Visits: The Contracted Agency shall also be responsible to identify sites/practices in other
projects/ areas for exposure trips/field visits to supplement the classroom and practical sessions.
vi) Besides vocation-specific training, PAPs shall be given managerial, financial skills to plan and manage
their own production or even for businesses and activities such as Petty trading.
For activities at the community level, a community level, the agency will be required to liaise
Forward Linkages Tasks

The Contracted Agency shall also be responsible for the following tasks:
facilitate access of PAPs to markets, particularly vulnerable PAPs including arrangement for transportation;
support in establishing tie ups for sale of goods and services with shops including project authorities (MOWE) for
a buy-back arrangement for specific set of goods; and
provide relevant market information on a regular basis on prices of food grains, other farm and non-farm inputs,
H. Reporting
The agency selected for the assignments shall:
submit an inception report within three (3) weeks; of signing of contract. Key elements of the report shall be as
follows:
o work plan, including the approach for the whole contract period,
o staffing and personnel deployment plan, and finally
o a withdrawal plan at the end of the period of contract. The plan shall:
how IR activities and other assets can be maintained
measures/support that the Project authorities should continue with
report on the outstanding issues, if any, .
discuss and agree on the reporting format for the Monthly, Quarterly and Annual Progress reports with WPITs
prepare an Annual Income Restoration Plan that divides the tasks by year and PAPs to be covered;
prepare monthly progress reports to be submitted to the WPITs/Social and Livelihood Expert. The monthly
progress report should report on the progress made during the month and compare it with the Annual Action
plan
o shall include data on input and output indicators
o photographs taken shall be submitted (in soft copy form)
submit a completion report at the end of the contract period that shall
o summarize actions taken during the project,
o the methods and personnel used to carry out the assignment, and
o a summary of supports/assistance given to the PAPs.

Annex other reports/documentation (in hard copy and/or electronic form).
The Agency will report to the Social Development Specialist at the Regional level and also liaise as required with the
MoWE Sociologist.
I. Timeframe for Services

The agency shall be contracted for a period of 5 years.
J. Data, Services and Facilities

to be provided by the Client: The agency shall be provided with the following:
Resettlement Action Plan
Access to RAP database for baseline values of PAPs
Necessary support letters of introduction
Census and preference survey details
to be provided by the Agency: The agency shall make its own arrangements for office space, stationery,
transportation and accommodation as required for staff of the NGO, etc., shall be arranged by the NGO.
K. Indicative Team for the Assignment

Constitution of the team with indicative educational qualifications and experience is given below:
Sl. No. Position No. Qualification

Key personnel
1. Team Leader/ 2 Livelihood Expert (incl. 1 Team Leader) with degree in social sciences
Livelihood Expert minimum of 12-15 years of experience, with proven experience in
developing and implementing income generation/livelihood programs
and solid knowledge of existing government programs and enrollment
requirements
2. Rural Sociologist 1 Sociologist with minimum of ten years of experience working in the rural
development sector and prior experience of coordination of trainings,
etc
3. Community 1 Community Participation Expert with minimum of ten years of
Mobilization experience interactions with communities and experience in
expert mobilization and group formation, etc. (1). Candidate with prior
experience of at least 3 years in Amhara region will be given preference
Support Personnel
4. Other support 5 Minimum qualification to be proposed by the candidate agency.
Personnel
Note: At least one woman should be part of the key personnel at all times i.e. for the entire duration
L. Payments
Payment percentages and deliverables shall be:
in accordance with final scope of work; and

to be mutually agreed
10.1 Terms of Reference for Social Development Specialist for implementation of RAP for RIDP 54
I. General objectives: The objectives of the social development specialists service are:
e) To establish regular communication with key implementing agencies and agree on implementation plan and
budget, roles and responsibilities as agreed in the RAP
f) To maintain day to day contact with local communities to ensure that they are informed and their concerns are
addressed immediately.
g) To ensure that activities outlined in the RAP such as measurement of assets, notification for land acquisition,
relocation, compensation and land redistribution are done on time in a transparent manner and compensations
are as specified in the RAP.
h) To ensure that the grievances are addressed in time and adequately in accordance with the grievance
mechanism outlined in the RAP.
II. Scope of the service to be provided by the Specialist (Detailed Tasks to be performed): The specific tasks
assigned to the Specialist are summarized below:
Expropriation and compensation related

Ensure that all affected land have been measured, all real properties are inventoried and thus their property
valuation is done by the woreda valuation committee properly in accordance with the agreed upon legislations to
be approved by the woreda cabinet;
Ensure that all legal landholders affected by the project have proved their legal land right thus they are eligible
for compensation and land redistribution;
Support in the printing of entitlement certificates and ensure that all entitlement certificates are properly
distributed to legal landholders affected by the project;
Ensure that payments of compensation is effected to the respective landholders be it single headed or couple
with the name of each husband and wife based on the approved arrangements.
Ensure that notifications for either land evacuation or real property demolitions are done properly.
Support in determining the landholders in the Rib reservoir are properly regrouped to a full compensation as well
as those to be resettled in the command area
Relocation related
Ensure that the relocation of project affected landholders are properly done on time if the need arises within the
properly identified and prepared relocation sites;
Planning and capacity related
Study and develop a training plan and proposals for either stakeholders or organizations involved in the
implementing process of RAP at federal, zonal, woreda and kebele level in order to create a thorough and
common understanding at all levels.
Identify the constraints/challenges in RAP implementation and recommend solutions to mitigate such type of
challenges;
Devise ways and time tables for Woreda Implementing Team meetings, follow up and monitoring;
Recommend and develop guidelines for follow up, monitoring and reporting the RAP activities to be
implemented;
Implementation related
54 Includes 4 woredas two affected by Reservoir i.e. Ebinat and Farta and two affected by the Command i.e. Libo-kemkem and Fogera
Support in developing a proper implementation plan.

Prepare a consultation paper on the proper integration of all stakeholders in the process of implementing RAP;
Ensure that all members organized as a land valuation, redistribution as well as land valuation, land
redistribution grievance hearing committees are organized and strengthened properly thus to function properly;
Ensure all grievances are addressed by the respective land redistribution grievance hearing or land valuation
grievance hearing committees on time.
Ensure that there is a smooth relationship between the construction organization, the landholders as well as the
functioning committee members;
Facilitate kebele elders arbitration committee meetings and process of arbitration for the cases related to the
project;
Documentation related
Keep a reliable and clear information and data about the crop-gap, demolished real property as well as
evacuated land;
Prepare and facilitate public disclosure workshop;
Ensure that the minutes of different committees as well as the Woreda Project implementing team are kept
properly with a book of minute register;
Report periodically on the implemented activities to the responsible organizations on time.
Overall
Advise the Regional Bureau of Environmental Protection, Rural Land Administration and Use in the
implementation of RAP and land redistribution.
Support the social development specialist working in Megech Seraba irrigation and drainage project.
III. Outputs and deliverables: The specialist shall submit a thorough plan and an inception report within two
months of his employment to start his duty which should contain most of the tasks mentioned in Sections 3.
Moreover, he/she will submit yearly plans as well as periodical reviews as a need arises. However, he/she shall
produce a report on quarter bases consisting of all the outputs mentioned in section 3 with a standard format.
Each report has to be submitted not latter 3 days after the end of the report period. All deliverables will be made
and submitted in English. Where necessary, Amharic version can be requested/ accepted.
IV. Terms of employment: The Specialist is a full time worker working either at office or field level in the Bureau of
Environmental Protection, Rural Land Administration and Use. He will have a 30 days annual leave which will
be permitted by the bureau or deputy bureau head either in block or divided depending on the density of
activities to be implemented.
V. Accountability: The consultant will report to the Bureau of Environmental Protection, Rural Land Administration
and Use. He will also have a day to day communication with the Environmental Protection, Rural Land
Administration and Use Office of the project affected woredas. The Specialist will also have horizontal
relationship with the Woreda Project Implementing Teams as well as ENIDP Regional Project coordination
office.
Annexure 10.2 TORs for Support Experts at the Woreda Level
Position Roles and Responsiblities

Communication/ shall be primarily responsible for communication messages to be developed and also for the
Consultation Expert consultation strategy to be adopted in the field
shall guide and train the field level personnel in carrying out consultations
shall prepare the Dissemination brief that is to be developed for the project
shall develop the community consultation checklist for the field level consultations and other
institution level consultations
shall guide the Woredas and region teams and IR agency in conducting and accurate recording of
the consultation discussions and outcomes
shall inform and liaise with the GRCs during consultations
shall keep a reliable and clear information and data about the crop-gap, demolished real property
as well as evacuated land;
Prepare and facilitate public disclosure workshop at woreda levvels;
Ensure that the minutes of different committees as well as the Woreda Project implementing team
are kept properly with a book of minute register;
Report periodically on the implemented activities to the responsible organizations on time.
Livelihood Specialist shall work in close coordination with Contracted IR agency and Micro-Enterprises office
shall lead the identification of suitable income and livelihood restoration activities from the existing
ones besides feasibility of implementing of other schemes if any in other regions
shall be responsible to help the community consultation Expert in field activities particularly in
eliciting and addressing communities concerns relating to livelihoods
Shall report any specific concerns raised by the communities relating to livelihoods or loss of
income
shall prepare a compendium of on-going government programs
shall facilitate the following:
o Training Needs Assessment (TNA):
o Enrolment into development programs
o facilitate access of PAPs to markets, particularly vulnerable PAPs including arrangement
for transportation;
support in establishing tie ups for sale of goods and services with shops including project
authorities (MOWE) for a buy-back arrangement for specific set of goods; and
provide relevant market information on a regular basis on prices of food grains, other farm and non-
farm inputs,
Resettlement Expert Ensure that all affected land have been measured, all real properties are inventoried and thus their
property valuation is done by the woreda valuation committee properly in accordance with the
agreed upon legislations to be approved by the woreda cabinet;
Ensure that all legal landholders affected by the project have proved their legal land right thus they
are eligible for compensation and other support measures;
Support in the printing of entitlement certificates and ensure that all entitlement certificates are
properly distributed to legal landholders affected by the project;
Ensure that payments of compensation is effected to the respective landholders be it single headed
or couple with the name of each husband and wife based on the approved arrangements.
Ensure that notifications for either land evacuation or real property demolitions are done properly.
Support in determining the landholders in the Rib reservoir are properly regrouped to a full
compensation
shall undertake field visits for ensuring accuracy in data collection, consultation and involvement
with relocation activities;
shall inform and liaise with the GRCs during field activities to proactively identify complaints and
grievances of PAPs
Participate in sensitizing all people affected directly and indirectly with the resettlement project to
address their concerns according to the laws, regulations and policies.

Infrastructural Support:
Ensure that the relocation of project affected landholders are properly done on time if the need
arises within the properly identified and prepared relocation sites;
Implementation related
Support in developing a proper implementation plan.
Prepare a consultation paper on the proper integration of all stakeholders in the process of
implementing RAP;
Ensure that all members organized as a land valuation, redistribution as well as land valuation, land
redistribution grievance hearing committees are organized and strengthened properly thus to
function properly;
Ensure all grievances are addressed by the respective land redistribution grievance hearing or land
valuation grievance hearing committees on time.
Ensure that there is a smooth relationship between the construction organization, the landholders
as well as the functioning committee members;
Facilitate kebele elders arbitration committee meetings and process of arbitration for the cases
related to the project;
14.1 Monitoring Indicators (indicative)
Indicative list of monitoring indicators is given below.

Monitoring Indicators
Physical Total number of PAPs and PAHs affected eligible and conditionally eligible
Total number of vulnerable PAPs and PAHs affected by kebele
Number of PAPs affected by phase depending on the construction and submergence schedule
Quantum of land permanently acquired for submergence in reservoir segregated by type of
ownership (private, common grazing land, communal grazing land and government) and by kebele (in
hectares)
Quantum of land/Number of parcels temporarily taken or lost segregated by purpose i.e. diversion of
river course for construction purposes; quarry, borrow pits by kebele (in hectares)
Quantum of land acquired segregated by category of land (irrigated and un-irrigated)
Quantum of structures acquired
Final Number of trees (Eucalyptus, Natural and Perennial Crops) affected by size, by kebele
Number of PAPs that have become landless i.e. lost all 100% of their landholding by kebele
Total number of PAPs with balance landholdings classified by (0.25 0.5 ha; 0.5 to 0.75 ha; 0.75 to
1.0 ha; 1.0 ha to 1.5 ha and 1.5 ha and above)
Number of PAHs that have got marginal or unviable balance land holdings
Quantum of communal grazing land (in ha) taken to resettle displaced persons by kebele (in hectares)
Quantum of land (in ha) utilized for resettlement sites at Ebinat and Farta by site
Number of PAPs already affected and compensated
Financial Number of PAPs paid compensation (disaggregated by gender and quarter)
(compensation/ Number of PAPs not paid/received compensation (disaggregated by gender and quarter) by type of
establishment) reason unwilling to open bank account as amount is too small; are not living in the area, etc.
Number of vulnerable PAPs not paid/received compensation by type of reason unwilling to open
bank account as amount is too small; are not living in the area, etc.
Number of PAPs who have already been compensated and are now being compensated for
balance lands
Amount of compensation paid for structures, crops, trees and other assets (permanent loss) by Kebele
Amount of compensation paid for temporary loss of land due to submergence by diversion of river,
construction purposes such as borrow pits, quarry, if any
Number of joint (husband and wife) bank accounts for payment of compensation amount
Date of transfer of compensation amounts into accounts
Total amount spent on Project implementation teams (WPITs) by salaries and field expenses
Total annual cost towards Income Restoration Agency
Total annual cost towards contracted External Evaluation agency
Total cost on development of resettlement site by site
Total cost on relocation to resettlement sites
Resettlement Number of PAPs who shifted to resettlement sites by Phase to Resettlement Sites and other
and unaffected parcels or relative parcels
rehabilitation Number of PAPs who shifted to other unaffected parcels
Number of PAPs who continue to reside in the same areas as before i.e. same kebele
Number of PAPs who have shifted by area within same kebele, nearby kebele, in the same woreda,
in the irrigation command area, town center
Number of vulnerable PAHs who have shifted by area within same kebele, nearby kebele, in the
same woreda, in the irrigation command area, town center
Number of PAPs resettled to these resettlement sites by kebele
Number of PAPs provided with plots and houses by Woreda in urban centres
Number of PAPs provided with transportation arrangements to shift their belongings by Woreda
Number of PAPs who continue same primary occupation as before (farming, petty trading)
Number of PAPs who have preferred to change occupation from land based to non-land based
activities
Number and type of income generation options accepted by PAHs (landless)
Annual income of households by PAPs (against income reported during survey) in ETB or quintal
those who have continued their previous primary occupation
Annual income of households by PAPs (against income reported during survey) in ETB or quintal
those who have changed from previous primary occupation
Number of total PAPs enrolled into ongoing government programs (by type)
Number of PAPs with livestock holdings (by type of livestock and no.)
Number of PAPs who have invested compensation amount into any productive economic asset e.g.
ox, tool/machine implement for economic activity
Number of PAPs who have availed of ERG and Training Grants
Social Number of patients who have visited the newly set up Health Post at Jaraskhira
(Education and Number of incidence of water borne diseases (by type of ailment)
Health) Number of incidences of school drop outs segregated by gender
Number of PAPs availing of educational facilities by type (general, vulnerable)
Number of PAPs availing of health facilities by type (general, vulnerable)
Number of counseling sessions attended to by PAHs (by category) on HIV/Aids
Number of PAHs and non-PAHs provided with LLINs by kebele
Number of meetings specifically held with respect to Malaria and HIV/Aids
Number of Health Extension Workers working in each Kebele and Woreda
Number of PAHs and non-PAHs provided with condoms, ART (if any)
Number of IRS carried out by kebele
Processes Number of PAPs counseled on opening of bank accounts and updating of passbooks
Number of PAPs counseled on judicious usage of compensation amount
Number of meetings and FGDs held with communities by category and by kebele
Dates of provision of entitlement agreements, compensation payments notification of land
expropriation
Nature issues raised, discussion points of each meeting and FGD
Number of participants in such meetings by category (general and vulnerable)
Number of meetings held with host community in reservoir area
Number of participants by category of stakeholder (PAP, Kebele, Woreda) at the RAP launch
workshop
Dates and locations wherein tree nursery programs have commenced
Number of sign boards installed by kebele or in the project area providing information
Number of Information officers designated by the project
Institutional Number of government agencies involved
Number of other agencies involved such as NGO or specialized technical training organizations,
income restoration activities, database management, monitoring and evaluation
Number of persons working in each WPITs
Number of government experts involved by type and experience
Number of other experts involved by type and experience
Development of RAP database
Number of trainings provided to the committees (Grievance, compensation, land redistribution)
Number of trainings provided by implementing agencies to communities
Number of participants in such trainings from non-affected households
Number of grievances committees with full staffing and functioning
Composition of committees to ensure adequate representation
Number of grievances received by type (oral and recorded)
Number of meetings held with the affected villages following receipt of grievances
Number of visits by PAPs for redressal of grievances
Number of grievances resolved by number of attempts (first attempt/second attempt)
Number of grievances resolved by level (first level, second level) of resolution
Number of PAPs who have approached courts
No. of cases referred to GRC
No. of cases settled by GRC
No. of cases pending with GRC
Average time taken for settlement
No. of GRC meetings
No. of PAPs moved court
No. of pending cases with the court
No. of cases settled by the court
14.2 Template for Monthly Internal Monitoring Report of RAP implementation (Indicative)
Period of Reporting: Month/ Quarter/Year

Activities planned for the Quarter (e.g. Jan- March): List them
Status of Activities:
1. Land Expropriation:
i. Notifications issued (by stage of notification and road sections)
ii. Present Map of reservoir indicating areas under submergence (shaded)
2. Training provided (as planned in RAP)

i. Committees trained by name, location and date
ii. topics covered
3. No. of PAPs taken in the Quarter:

i. Distribution of Entitlement certificates
4. IEC and awareness campaign: Give details of

i. distribution of R&R policy document; (nos. distributed by kebele)
ii. awareness campaigns,
iii. meetings with contractor/no. of meetings
iv. Materials and Campaigns for HIV/AIDS awareness: Attach sample of materials, if any
5. Bank Accounts
i. Opening of Bank Accounts
ii. Indicate constraints if any
iii. List PAPs whose amount is very little and would require cash disbursement
6. Disbursement of Compensation and Assistances

i. Nos. by village,
7. Consultations held by Agency: (with Communities, women/vulnerable households; PCU and other
agencies)
i. list topics discussed,
ii. indicate number of participants by meeting
iii. highlight major issues
iv. list any actions that are required from Project authority/relevant agency; and
v. Provide photos on sample basis
8. Resettlement of PAPs
i. Status of development of resettlement sites
ii. Assistance to be provided/provided in relocation
iii. Details on expected start and completion dates of relocation to resettlement site
iv. Provide photos of resettlement sites
9. Income Restoration/Rehabilitation of PAPs

i. Livelihood options of PAPs by kebele
ii. Market survey findings
iii. Trainings identified
iv. ERG, Training Grants released
v. Linkages with resource agencies/persons established
vi. Trainings provided: completed/pending
10. Grievance redressal system set up

i. Number of complaints received
ii. Nature of complaints received
iii. Where received and recorded
iv. Approach to redressal and time taken
v. Outstanding issues /special cases
vi. Actions required by relevant authority
vii. No. of cases that have approached court
11. HIV/Malaria Mitigation Measures

For Malaria
i. Number of households covered in provision of LLINs by year and segregated by kebeles;
ii. Percent of households in malarious areas who own one LLIN per sleeping space;
iii. Number of times IRS has been carried out in a year segregated by kebeles;
iv. Number of households that appropriately use LLINs for ensuring protection from mosquitoes;
v. Number of meetings carried out during social mobilization initiative carried out in a year segregated by
kebele;
vi. Proportion of women who recognize LLIN and/or IRS as a malaria-prevention method;
vii. Proportion of women who recognize fever as a symptom of malaria;
viii. Proportion of women reporting exposure to IEC/BCC activities through the HEP;
ix. Proportion of community members actively participating in malaria prevention and control activities;
x. Proportion of households within IRS-targeted Kebeles are protected by IRS in the past 12 months; and
xi. Number of cases that have been reported to the grievance committee regarding non-provision and/or
complaints relating to LLINs, IRS, or etc.
For HIV/AIDs
xii. Number of meetings carried out during social mobilization initiative carried out in year segregated by
kebele; and
xiii. Monitoring of timely provision of funds for administering of anti-HIV measures and evaluation of the
administering of measures and their adequacy;
Collect and present Gender disaggregated data for all above activities, particularly Nos. 5-11
12. List activities planned for next month
13. Annexures: Annex
i. Relevant notifications
ii. Other
14.3 Terms of Reference for Annual External Evaluation
A. Introduction
The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) in agreement with the World Bank has
prepared an Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project (ENIDP) that will finance up to 20,000 ha of new irrigated
agriculture and complete detailed feasibility studies of up to 80,000 ha. Total Project cost is estimated at US$173.6
million, of which US$ 150.00 million will be financed by the International Development Association (IDA) and
remaining US$ 23.6 million will be financed by GoE and Beneficiaries. The proposed project comprises three
technical components: (I) Irrigation Development; (ii) Agricultural and Market Development; and (iii) Irrigation
Management. The fourth component is Project Management.
The 130 km Ribb River is located on the east side of Lake Tana, has a drainage area of about 1790 km2 and with its
tributaries forms a watershed on the western slope of the high mountainous area east of town of Debre Tabor. The
Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) is financing the upstream Ribb Dam for irrigation water storage and for flood
management of Lake Tana in the Amhara Region. The dam shall be a 73.2m earth-rock fill dam and the flooded
area at elevation of 1,940.00 masl (Normal Water Level) will be about 10 km 2 and 11.235 km2 (1123.5 ha) at
1,943.00 masl (Maximum Water Level), with reservoir storage capacity of 234 million cubic meter. The area to be
flooded to form the Ribb Reservoir can be characterized as a mountainous river valley, quite narrow at the dam site.
Water released from the Ribb dam will be diverted to the irrigated sites by a weir built close to the irrigation sites.
The total irrigable command area identified is 19,925 ha and the total net irrigable area on both banks of the river is
14,460 ha.
The Ribb dam construction site is situated in the South Gonder zone of the Amhara National Regional State.
Immediate influence areas of the Dam and reservoir lay in two Woredas Ebinat and Farta in the South Gonder
zone of the Amhara region. Four (4) kebeles namely Ayvaniva, Jara Shikra and Medebgubda (Farta) and Amisteya
(Ebinat) would be impacted by the Ribb reservoir.
B. Resettlement Action Plan

The RAP is prepared based on the agreed Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) of ENIDP. The overall objective of
RAP is to ensure that affected households are no worse-off after the Project. The RAP carries forward the findings of
the ESIA study and, besides listing the non-tangible impacts, quantifies the tangible impacts and enlists the affected
persons/households who shall be directly affected by the project infrastructure in the three affected kebeles.
C. Project Impacts
Refer to Chapter 5 and 8 of RAP document (attached)
D. Scope of Work
The agency shall undertake Annual, Mid-term and End-term evaluation of the R&R components of the project. The
agency shall carry out following activities
devise a suitable methodology for carrying out the evaluation
develop formats on the basis of indicators for all the R&R activities included in the RAP and also other required
life indicators
collect data from secondary and primary sources based on field visits and interviews with project affected
persons and Control households
undertake an Annual and mid-term evaluation of the R&R components of the project, which shall include the
following:
Process of implementation of the RAP;
Process of consultation;
Process of delivery of the R&R benefits (ERG, Training Grant) within the timeframe;
Process of grievance redressal;
Process of disbursement of compensation and assistance,
Process of relocation to project identified resettlement sites;
Process of rehabilitation, which includes restoration of livelihood (both land based and non-land based),
including the vulnerable households;
Process and progress of training staff of WPIT and entitled PAPs;
Institutional arrangement and capacity to the implement the RAP;
Financial and physical progress;
change (increase or decrease w.r.t to annual rate of inflation) in incomes of the PAHs vis--vis of the
Control Group Households; and (only in mid term)
Reasons for delays vis--vis target; and
Any deviation from the RAP
The agency shall undertake an End-term evaluation of the R&R components of the project, which includes but is
not limited to the following:
the progress in achieving the goal mentioned in the RPF of the MoWE on improving or restoring the
livelihoods of the PAPs;
the consultation process and participation of the people in the implementation of RAP;
benefits received by PAPs under vulnerable categories;
mechanisms deployed for implementation and monitoring of the RAP;
impact of the project specific measures on (a) quality of life of the PAPs, (b) gender sensitivity and
empowerment, and (c) vulnerable households;
change (increase or decrease w.r.t to annual rate of inflation) in incomes of the PAHs vis--vis of the
Control Group Households; and
compare the achievement of R&R program and compare standard of living vis--vis those unaffected (or
Control) households (See broad indicators to assess quality of life)
Broad indicators
Impact evaluation indicators for assessing
Pre-project baseline Annual End of project
Annual income values quality of life evaluation evaluation
Occupation
Landholding
Material assets
Access to basic services
House type
E. To be provided to Agency
The agency shall be provided with the following:
access to RAP database for accessing baseline values for PAP and control households;
Resettlement Action Plan
Letters of introduction/facilitation to various departments, as necessary
F. Key Personnel
Key personnel required to undertake the evaluation are required to have experience of working in similar assignments
Social Development Expert with degree in social sciences minimum of 12-15 years of experience, with
experience in developing and implementing income restoration schemes and solid knowledge of existing
government programs and enrollment requirements;
Livelihood Expert (preferably female) with minimum of 12-15 years of experience working in the rural
development sector
Other support personnel for annual data collection as required.
G. Deliverables and Timelines

Deliverables and Timelines shall be mutually agreed on the final scope of work.
Comment Response
General Comment:
The RAP is comprehensive and well written. It covers all the important Ameseginalehu (Thank you)
areas and provides excellent description of gender mainstreaming and
livelihood restoration. It provides resources through the Annexes for
implementation such as TOR for proposed SD specialist and livelihood
restoration agency.
Specific comments:
Asset inventory, valuation methods and Annexes The data was updated in November 2012. See Chapter 2, Section 2.2
The fact that the completion of the RAP has taken so long means that Page 5.
some of the data such as asset inventory has been done nearly 2 years Our Assessment is that such a possibility should be considered on a
ago and this could pose a major problem. It is possible that households case by case basis if, as and when raised by PAPs to the GRCs and
may have constructed Tukuls or invested in their land since then. Has addressed.
the consultant assessed if there is a need for re-visiting the asset
inventory?
The RAP states that the valuation of assets has been revised because it Incorporated: The valuation of assets was revised since it was
was considered too high by the Woreda/regional officials and re considered too high by the region. However, the revision was not
submitted. This may cast doubt about the fairness of the intended to cut the price rather to verify that all rates used in the
compensation amount. The RAP should be very clear on what was the computations are reasonable. Accordingly, for instance, rates for
reason for the high valuation is it error in measurement, error in natural trees provided by the farta woreda agricultural office was a bit
valuation, what adjustments were made and why. too high and rates for unripe perennial crops provided by ebinat
woreda agriculture office was found too high and reduced. Some
minor adjustments was also made for rates used for structures and
grazing lands. But all were reasonable. Kindly note also that there were
some increments in rates of some items. For example rates used for
natural trees in ebinat was increased during the revision
The Annexes on PAPs, asset inventory and valuation is missing. The Already there. Refer to CD 1 (Appendices were not printed and
RAP should be submitted in full and any updates on the annexes could provided along with document as there excel, pdf and word files.
be made as agreed while the RAP is being reviewed.
Major impacts and remedial actions proposed See Para above section 10.4
Threat to food insecure households: The RAP clearly states that given
the high level of poverty and food insecurity especially in Ebant (a It is not clear what is meant the recommended path for PAPs who
chronically food insecure Woreda), if care is not taken, the project may could slide into food insecurity. If it is meant that other i.e. Non-
lead to severe damages to vulnerable households. The RAP has vulnerable PAPs, then such a situation is to be monitored by the same
Comment Response
recommended that these vulnerable households be enrolled in the bodies and acted upon accordingly.
PSNP prior to acquisition of land. However the practical problems
related to relocation both distance (12kms away from the villages) and
relocation to urban sites may pose challenges to ensure the vulnerable
households do benefit from PSNP. It is critical that the RAP gives clear
and strong recommendations on how this is to be implemented. A
recommendations on monitoring of food security situation of the PAPs
is recommended. Please clarify which institution will do that and what
would be the recommended path for PAPs who could slide into food
insecurity.
Loss of grazing land: The important role that livestock and equines Already there. See Chapter 7, Section 7.2.2, Point k, Page 59
play in the income, food security and transportation, the loss of
communal and individual grazing land is a critical problem. The risk
that some vulnerable households will be forced to dispose their
livestock may cause sliding further into poverty and food insecurity.
The RAP should identify if there are possibilities that those who
continue to farm outside the reservoir can actually have access to
other grazing land in the close by areas? If not, concrete proposals on
which communal/Kebele grazing land should be developed and these
households will have access.
Malaria Infestation: The major health threat being the further Already there.
aggravation of malaria infestation in an already severely malaria for measures, see Chapter 7, Section 7.2.2 point P, See Page 61-62,
infested area, the responsibility of the project in addressing the 1-1/2 pages is provided.
malaria problem is mentioned. However it is not followed up in the for budget See Chapter 11, Section 11.2 point vii. Page 115, ETB
mitigation measures and budget and other implications. 714000 provided
Also refer to Annexure 14.1, Page 161 for monitoring indicators
Potential Accidents at Reservoir Site: The threat of accident once the not relevant as enough buffer zone is provided for such potential
reservoir is filled is also a real one that needs to be addressed by the overflows which would be would a 1 in 100 year occurrence and for
project. Is the 3.5 meters buffer zone sufficient to prevent accidents? which the 3 meter buffer along the reservoir too has been acquired.
Is there any threat of overflow and inundation by the reservoir? Is See Chapter 1, Section 1.2, Page 2.
there any information on mitigation plan in the design or ESIA? The
RAP should come up with recommendations for to addressing this real
threat and include the cost in the RAP budget that could be paid by the
Comment Response
project
Downstream impact: Please elaborate on how real and significant is See Point above Section 5.4, Page 39. The RAP refers to the ESMP
the down-stream impact and how it will be addressed in the event that wherein it should be covered.
it occurs and what will be the mechanism for communities In terms of grievances, Woreda administration has already got
downstream to approach the project for grievances and grievance mechanism which involves the Woreda administrator.
compensations? Region should set up such grievances.
Recommendation added in the grievance chapter See Chapter 15. See
Page 139
Preference Survey summary Already there. See Chapter 7, Section 7.3, Page 65 gives details and a
The preference survey should give clear information on the following: table summarizing the various options given in the two page
What was the objective of the preference survey conducted? questionnaire.
How was it conducted? By whom? Only four PAPs from Ayvaniva kebele were excluded.
Who was included/excluded from the survey and why?
What were the options given? Already there. See Page 64,
What was the outcome of the survey? Please provide a
Provided in Section 7.3.1 (Also see Appendix 8.1, where already
summary table of the preferences of all the 1031 PAPs
provided in detail)
Which of the preference outcomes will be entertained which
will not and why? (e.g description of the 85 households as
landless/houseless given in section 7.3.1 and 7.2.1 are not
consistent. What is to be done about 74 households who
expressed preference to relocate to urban areas?
Please clarify if there is any possibility to conduct a preference survey Cannot understand what is the point of this comment? SMEC is not
at a later stage if PAPs want to reconsider relocating to the command required to be at site to repeatedly check on possibility of changing
area? Has there been any PAP so far who made change of mind in preferences of the PAPs. Further PAPs are/were required to make up
his/her preferences since 2012 when it was conducted. How is this to their mind which forms the basis for compensation by one of the two
be accommodated in case it happens? options 10 years displacement compensation or provision of
proportionate irrigated parcel of land in the command area. Already
such options and their outcomes have been explained to the PAPs by
SMEC, Kebele administration and Woreda and Region officials. Change
of mind in respect of resettlement i.e. relocation to project identified
sites, cannot be accommodated at this stage of RAP finalization. Still if
Comment Response
it is deemed necessary, another round of preference survey can be
conducted by Woreda, Region and MOWE if they so desire by
themselves. Yes, what can be changed is the preference for income
restoration activities other than what was indicated during
preference survey. That is not binding primarily because a solid
matching of existing skills and preferred trades is yet to happen
based on the market assessment that is to be carried out by the IR
agency (as and when it is contracted). Further counselling and
guidance to PAPs will be required to ensure that not too many crowd
the same trade e.g. Petty Trade.
Relocate site: Incorporated
Please state from the outset (4.6.2 par 5) whether adequate land has
been provided by both Ebant and Farta Woredas as well as Debretabor
towns to resettle PAPs. Provide information on what size of land in
each area, its adequacy, etc. Detailed information is provided
elsewhere which should be consistent with this paragraph
Community concerns: Third party was Consultants such as us SMEC and previous ESIA
Fear of delays in compensation payment has been highlighted as one consultants. The issue was clarified during the meeting and
major concern of PAPs and it is one of the major source of grievances subsequently during kebele level disclosure events by
by PAPs in Megech. The RAP should recommend how this can be done members/chairman of the valuation committees, specifically on the
better and who should ensure timely payment of compensation. mode of payment to Bank accounts of PAPs
The community consultation (p.23) raised the concern that Already there. See Point 9, Chapter 12, Page 119 on Implementation
communities have about third party involvement regarding schedule
compensation payment. Which is the third party? And what is their
involvement? Please clarify. It is also indicated that women had a fear
that their money will be taken away-(4.4 last para). Please explain typo. Corrected to state Some women indicated that if they became
what the concerns are. landless they would take the given money and go to urban and do
business.
The comparison of the WB policy and GOE policy demonstrates the This is the only incidence of ineligibility.
differences in eligibility. The RAP has identified 8 PAPs who are full
time government employees and are ineligible according to the law.
Are there other ineligible categories of PAPs? Please clarify?
Comment Response
Capacity at Woreda level- The RAP recommends the hiring of 3 experts Assessment of the Woreda institutions is already given as a para at the
at Woreda level (Ebnat and Farta) namely: Resettlement expert, end of write up on each Woreda.
livelihood expert and consultation expert. These are absolutely
essential given the size of the PAPs and the very limited capacity of the
Woreda administration already seen from practice. The results of It is already there i.e. the provision of livelihood experts that is
capacity assessment of implementing agencies (especially at Woreda recommended by RAP. See Chapter 11, Section 11.3 points x and xii.
level) which is missing from the RAP should justify the Page 115 and 116. TORs included as Annexure 10.2 Page 159; Budget
recommendations along with TORs for the respective role and increased to accommodate 4 more experts to the existing two that
responsibilities. Any cost implications for the recommended personnel were already budgeted for.
should be included in budget.
Institutional arrangement for implementation of RAP Incorporated. Additionally the contracted IR agency too will support
Based on experience from Megech, it will be critical to ensure the the Ribb SD specialist
RPCO has an overall coordination of RAP activities at the regional level
while the NPCO provides oversight, reporting, technical support and
most of all facilitation. The SD specialist for Ribb (hosed at BOEPLUA)
will need to be supported by the 3 team of experts in both Farta and
Ebnat Woredas. The six will report to the Woreda and also to the SD
Specialist for Ribb at the regional level. The SD specialist for Ribb
should report both to BEPLAU and RPCO who will be accountable for
the overall coordination of RAP which is also part of project
coordination- both are mutually interdependent
1. Income Restoration Strategy
The categories under 8.1 are not clear. Restoration of income and
livelihood should have the following categories:
i) PAPs who will continue with farming:
1.1 Those who have balance land and prefer to remain in rural Provided as a new Section 7.7 and also a prelude to Chapter 8 on
areas and continue farming (less than 1 Kada, between 1 Income Restoration
and 2 Kada and more than 2kada)
1.2 Those who have lost all land and relocated to rural sites For Preference survey findings for each PAP see Appendix 8.1 in CD.
ii) PAPs who will do farming and live in urban area
2.1 Those who have balance land in rural area but moved to
urban sites ( less than 1 Kada, between1-2 Kada, more
Comment Response
than 2 Kada)
iii) PAPs who have moved to urban area
3.1 Those who have lost all land and structures and moved to
urban sites
The income restoration strategy should 1) identify the priority PAPs

based on severity of impact 2) the general income restoration activities Point 1 is already well answered in the bullet points below Table 8.1
that will benefit app PAPs and 3) income generation activities that Point 2 is addressed in the first sentence of Section 8.4.1, Chapter 8,
target the these three categories of PAPs. Page 80
Description of livelihood activities (P83-96 can be moved to annex) Point 3 is not accepted as it considered as too much of premature
planning. Activities listed in the RAP are based on their expressed
preferences, but are not the outcome of repeat/ multiple rounds of
interactions with each PAP as would be normally required which too in
the first place shall be based on the a detailed market assessment
study. Such detailing without household level consultation with each
PAP would be erroneous to present at this stage when a match of
existing skills and preferred rehabilitation option is not yet fully done
with professional income restoration related advise. Such detailed
planning should be left for the contracted Income Restoration agency.
Hence not presented here.
Budget
Include budget for communication work a Already there. See Chapter 11, Section 11.3, point xii. Page 116.
Include budge for 3 experts in each Woredas Added
(participation/consultation, livelihood restoration and
resettlement experts)
Budget for costs for extra work that is needed to rehabilitate
farmers that will continue with their remaining plots and need Already there. See Chapter 11, Section 11.3 points xiv for Income
to be supported by agriculture extension (e.g. Limited subsidy Restoration Agency. This agency will provide support to all PAPs
for supply of inputs, assigning a dedicated agriculture and dovetail existing IR programs
extension agent tow work with these group of PAPs may be
necessary as part of the livelihood restoration effort) Already there. See Chapter 11, Section 11.2 , Page 114 point vi.
Comment Response
Include budget on construction of health center for Kebele in ETB 600000 provided
Farta Woreda who will be cut off by the reservoir
Comments from RSA HQ
The RAP is generally well structured, clearly written, and well
presented. No significant issue with form was identified.
Implementation arrangements and the budget are adequately
described and appear robust..
As to substance, we have identified the following deficiencies:

Land currently used for subsistence agriculture is essentially
going to be compensated in cash. There are no robust
provisions for land replacement. The risk of impoverishment See explanation against the summary comment.
mentioned in the introduction to Chapter 7 as one of the
drivers to the RAP is in fact left unaddressed. The RAP explains
thatmost of the physically displacedsubsistence farmers have
expressed preference towards cash compensation and will be
moved to town outskirts. In these urban resettlement sites,
they will be unlikely to be able to engage in agriculture for lack
of land or to access urban employment for lack of skills.That
physically displaced people responded in the preference
survey that they preferred cash is no robust justification, as
such uninformed preference is often expressed in similar
surveys, is often related to doubt that resettlement provisions
will be adequate, and would have needed to be worked on
consistently rather than taken for granted. Clarified. See details under Livestock component, Chapter 8, Section
The livelihood restoration principle is that affected people will 8.5, Page 83
receive a livelihood restoration grant, which they will use
towards enrolling in training and/or other livelihood
restoration initiatives with support from a dedicated livelihood
See explanation against the summary comment. Further it is to
restoration agency. However, it is not fully clear whether the
be stated that effective monitoring and evaluation can provide the
initiatives described are existing ones or if they will need to be
implementing agencies (and bank task team) with enough
Comment Response
put in place. If the latter, it may be that the budget is not evidence if such proposed measures are working or any more
sufficient to establish these livelihood restoration projects. supplementary measures at a later date, are required to achieve
The weakness of land replacement and livelihood restoration the RAP objective.
provisions raises a reputational risk to the Bank as it could be
alleged that it is supporting affected peoples impoverishment, Such options of moving to command area were proposed in the
as suggested by recent controversies over Bank supported preference survey, reluctance noted by the Kebeles, Woredas and
irrigation ventures in Ethiopia (Gambella). the Regional government. Following survey by the Consultants,
Woredas and Region despite reconfirmation by having
independent consultation with PAPs the preferences/outcomes
A simple and practical principle could be, rather, that the did not change. Due to the cultural practice of staying within their
irrigation project will first benefit the people it takes land from. own woredas (See Chapter 4, Section 4.5), options of the kind as
Affected people should be relocated close to areas where proposed had to be listed.
irrigation will be conducted, and the Project should commit to
allocate irrigated land in replacement for the non-irrigated
land they lost.
Already there. Details on planning of resettlement site has been
Very few details are provided on the planning of resettlement given in Chapter 7 (See Section 7.3.3.) and the budget chapter (See
sites. Good practice RAPs include at least conceptual planning Chapter 11, Section 11.1 Pages 113-114. Check
principles, such as the proposed level of service(water, roads,
power, drainage, sanitation) that the borrower commits upon.
Other important gaps include:
The social baseline does not provide a comprehensive
understanding of affected livelihoods (particularly agricultural Aspects such as these were originally covered in the ESIA by the ESIA
systems and current coping strategies) and as a result actual consultants and not repeated here.
impacts to livelihoods remain unclear.
Project Affected Households are not distributed upfront into Already there. Section on Physically displaced persons and Table 5.8
clearly detail it out.
physically displaced and economically displaced (the
Incorporated in the Executive Summary
information on people losing their residence actually appears in
Chapter 5 but does not feature prominently), while this would be
essential to the understanding of impacts and should be
presented as of the Executive Summary.
Comment Response
There are no details on actual land tenure in the affected area.
The RAP seems to assume that all interests in land are duly See Chapter 2, Section 2.2, All counting of assets (structures, crops
registered and that only such rights will be compensated. Are and trees situated on land) and registration was carried out in the
there people using land without registration? If so, they should be presence of the ad-hoc Committee and owner/claimant of the affected
identified in the impacts chapter and provisions for their property . So there is no assumption. Registration of such properties
clearly identified is part of the asset inventory survey process.
compensation should be spelled out (for example and as a
minimum assistance from woreda officials in registering their
claims such that they can receive compensation). No host communities are affected by the project as the location of the
It is unclear whether households affected indirectly by land resettlement sites are well chosen whether it be within the town
allocation at resettlement sites (which could be categorized as (Ebinat Woreda Town or Debre-Tabor town and grazing land site).
host) are included in the count of affected households, and Also they are not counted as Affected Persons
provisions pertaining to host communities are generally weak.
19 kebeles appear to be affected by project infrastructure in Already well explained. See Chapter 1, Section 1.5, Page 3. While
RIDP covers all households including beneficiary households in the
addition to the four that are affected by the dam and reservoir;
command area and also includes those affected by the Reservoir, this
the magnitude of impacts on these 19 kebeles is not fully clear,
and the baseline surveys seems not to have covered them. specific RAP covers only those PAP/PAHs who assets and livelihoods
are to be directly affected due to submergence by the reservoir waters
following dam construction.1 Hence baseline survey of other PAPs in
the command area is done but would be presented in separate RAPs
In summary, a more convincing plan would involve including the The choice of instrument a preference survey was brought about
affected farmers as beneficiaries of the irrigation programme. Unless because of the insistence of the Regional BoEPLAU to know the
RAP provisions have been agreed before in principle and are preferences of the each and every affected farmer
complemented by other livelihood measures that the reviewer is not
aware of, it is recommended to engage the government of Ethiopia to The author is well aware that choices made by the PAPs may not be
strengthen land replacement and livelihood restoration the best option for them considering their levels of skills and outside
exposure. However, in here, the strong cultural preference to stay in
their own woreda and thereby having a reluctance to shift far away
from their current location, added to the fear or discomfort of host
communities in another woreda were the key reasons for their
preferences as eventually indicated. So, it is essential to accept and
1. A separate RAP shall cover those who are likely to be direct irrigation infrastructure
Comment Response
agree that participatory planning for R&R may lead to such situations
as well despite serious attempts to counsel, inform them of their
choices. Efforts were made at many levels to counsel, convince them
on their legal entitlement i.e. those directly losing a portion of their
land to the infrastructure (RIDP), will lose their previous holdings and
shall post-redistribution, receive irrigated and thereby a more
productive but proportionally smaller plot of land.. However this did
not prove fruitful. Hence the current approach of compensation
plus income restoration support was considered as a participatory
and therefore not involuntary again) planning and thereby the next
best approach and agreed to after prolonged discussions by all
involved the consultant, woredas and regional bodies and the bank
task team itself and most importantly the PAPs who were informed
of the support measures that can be availed of.
Also for information

Preliminary consultations were held with a few kebeles while
preparing the inception report for the subsequent development of
separate RAPs for the Project Command Area (Libo-kemkem and
Fogera). Consultant had (in consultation with MOWE, Region and
Woredas) informed communities in Libo-kemkem of potential shift of
PAPs from reservoir area to command area and met with very hostile
reactions at Shina Tsion kebele. Further during the community
consultations for RAP preparation processes for Command area, the
Author has personally observed to many such suggestions the
hostile nature of farmers (in what is a very fertile but densely
populated area) to possibility of any newcomers.
Other priority wise comments
Valuation methodology: the document indicates that a method based Already provided in Table 6.2 and also under Table 6.2;
on the replacement value was applied, but provides few details.
The socio-economic baseline in Chapter 3 is purely quantitative but Provided in Section 3.1, Chapter 3, Page 10
does not give a proper picture of affected peoples livelihoods,
particularly on the key dimension that will be affected, agriculture. For
Comment Response
example, agricultural calendars, crop rotations, integration of
agriculture and animal husbandry, opportunities for improvements,
markets for agricultural produce, are not described. Such information
could have easily been obtained from simple qualitative discussions
with key informants and affected people themselves in focus groups,
for example, and would have provided a most useful complement to
quantitative data.
Section 4.5 mentions a preference survey, but as details on the Cross referenced. See end of Section 4.5
questionnaire (what options were presented and how were they
presented?) and results are not given in any detail in this section, the
section where these appear (Chapter 7) should be cross-referenced.
Another 19 kebeles are affected by project infrastructure (in addition Clarified. See Chapter 1, Section 1.5, Ist paragraph, that clearly defines
to the dam and reservoir, which affect 4 kebeles). These 19 kebeles the scope of this RAP
have not been considered in the initial assessment of impacts, nor are
they included in the baseline study. If impacts on these 19 kebeles are
marginal, this needs to be stated clearly and they should be treated
separately. If impacts are not marginal, then we have a major problem
with this document as these 19 kebeles are not considered adequately
in the RAP.
Chapter 5 uses both categories of Project Affected Households and Addressed
Project Affected People for the quantification of impacts. It seems
from looking at the numbers that in fact most of them refer to
Households rather than People. This is at any rate rather
confusing. See particularly Table 5.8.
Impacts on host communities in section 5.5: cursory. Host Addressed.
communities should be identified, and a better description of potential
impacts should be provided in view of the proposed relocation/land
redistribution measures.
The gap analysis in Table 6.1 is an important element of the RAP. Addressed.
However, the way forward to addressing gaps identified in the table is
not clearly spelled out. For example, how does the RAP address the
timing gap (per Ethiopian regulations, affected people could lose their
land, hence their livelihoods, before compensation is in place)?
Comment Response
Chapter 6 (page 51): the eligibility issue is not addressed in line with They do not get paid as per Ethiopian legal framework as they are
OP 4.12. Legalising informal claims is fine but what happens if informal considered illegal and they shall not be able to legalize their status.
land users cannot register their claims because they do not meet all Yes it is known that this does not meet Bank requirements. The issue
conditions of Ethiopian law? has been raised on many occasions with the Regional BoEPLAU and
Bank Task team but without such gaps being ironed out.
Suggested option would be pay them for the assets at least one time
for crops, (if not displacement 10 year compensation) and replacement
cost of other structures. Term it as assistance in place of
compensation so as to not disturb associated legal connotations of
compensation. Considering that such ring fencing approach normally
happens in bank funded projects across the world (i.e. such provisions
would not be applicable to other govt. own funded projects), such an
approach should be acceptable to by Govt. of Ethiopia simply going by
humane considerations, but it requires that the issue is provided the
requisite thrust by the Bank Task Team.
There is an essential problem with the entitlement matrix in Chapter 6, Explained in detail above. Most of such PAPs have preferred to move
which is that land will be compensated in cash, with only a fairly vague to non-agriculture vocations. Petty Trade being the most preferred
commitment later in the document to facilitate access to new land. option considering that it is an occupation that have most exposure,
This does not meet the requirements of OP 4.12. The very risk of second only to farming
impoverishment mentionedin the introduction to Chapter 7 is in fact
left unaddressed. The RAP plainly explains that rural people will be
moved to town outskirts where they are most unlikely to be able to
engage in agriculture and will not be able to access to urban
employment either as they do not have the skills for such.
7.3.3 on planning of resettlement sites is cursory. A normal RAP would Already there. Check Appendices 7.2 and 7.3 enclosed in soft copy
at least include conceptual drawings of the resettlement sites with besides appendix 11.1 for detailed estimate
planned infrastructure, and much more details on the levels of services
(water, power, sanitation, drainage).
7.3.4 on host communities is not acceptable. An impact is anticipated Incorporated. See Section 7.3.6
in broad terms (on host community infrastructure and social
amenities) that is neither assessed in any detail nor mitigated.
The income restoration sections (8.3 and 8.4) go to great lengths to Explained in detail above in response to Summary comment.
demonstrate that a whole range of new activities can be promoted to
Comment Response
support affected peoples livelihood restoration. This is all fine.
However, there is ample experience on similar projects that such
activities are adopted by subsistence farmers only with great difficulty
and within a longer timeframe than the five years of proposed support.
A more realistic livelihood restoration strategy would be to offset lost
land with irrigated land in the new irrigated perimeters.
8.5 lists a number of livelihood restoration activities. It is unclear Clarified. See details under Livestock component, Chapter 8, Section
whether these are existing initiatives in which PAPs would be enrolled 8.5, Page 83
in addition to existing beneficiaries or if they need to be specifically
implemented and funded under the RAP.
Implementation responsibilities are adequately described and are line Okay, however the section has been further revised to incorporate
with the usual way of implementing such projects in Ethiopia. Task teams comments of May 22, 2014
The same applies to the budget: the level of detail as well as the no response required
overall amounts appear to be adequate.
The same applies to Chapter 12 on consultation and disclosure and no response required
Chapter 13 on monitoring and evaluation.
While the grievance redress mechanism described in Chapter 13 is Recommendation added under the composition table at both kebele
generally sound, it is noted that the critical Woreda level Grievance and Woreda levels
Redress Committee (GRC) includes only civil officers from the woreda
administration. This is not in line with current practice. The woreda
level GRC should include other members not linked to the woreda
administration, e.g. local civil society members such as teachers or
doctors, church representatives if possible, and generally independent,
well-regarded individuals.
Project Command Area is used throughout the document without a Already defined upfront, See section 1.3, chapter 1, page 2
proper definition upfront.
Unclarity between Project Affected Households and Project Affected Clarified. Title owner (or Asset owner) household is the PAH while all
People the wrong acronym may have been used members in the household are the PAPs.
Unclear what directly affected means. This means that impacts will be felt at the community level too.
Impacts such malaria or hiv aids are likely but such persons are not
possible to enumerate at this stage as such risks are higher once the
reservoir fills up or more in-migration happens during operation phase.
Text in the next paragraph, too it carries the same meaning.
Comment Response
15% of affected households were subject to a socio-economic survey. was already discussed and agreed at 10% at the inception report stage
The justification for the sample size is not provided. For 1091 in 2009 and later during submission of screening and RAP report in
households, the sampling rate necessary to achieve 5% error at 95% 2011. Hence no change is possible now.
confidence (usual good practice) is 26%. This does not account for
potential stratification of the sample by community, which has actually
been done as most results in Chapter 3 are actually presented by
community, and would result in a yet larger sample.
All percentages in the socio-economic survey are expressed with four Current practice is 4 significant digits. Considering that such data could
significant digits even though the flaw in sampling mentioned above be used for evaluation purposes for mid and post implementation,
surely means that only two would be appropriate. number of digits as stated is being retained.
The presentation of the socio-economic baseline should not start with Section 3.3 is all about that. Forms used by the Region which are
membership in CBOs, but with more fundamental data like mandatory require such information on every family to be collected,
demographics, livelihoods, etc hence these have been provided. However other details such as
Elementary data on household demographics should be presented in membership are not mandatory for which Consultants socio-economic
the socio-economic data: what is the distribution of household sizes? survey questionnaire was administered.
What is the distribution of household head ages? How many female
headed households are there?
Table 3.11 is unclear: do the numbers mean that absolutely everybody Survey covered membership as wherein a PAPs is most actively
is a member of a group? Cannot people be members of two or more participating or enrolled.
groups?
Affected and host communities are not mentioned in the list of Added/incorporated
stakeholders in 4.1
The meaning and implications of footnote 22 are unclear. Does this Considering the difficulties encountered by the kebele administration
mean that only older makes participated? (at the request of Consultant) in organizing such consultation
4.6 and 4.7 provide useful information but is more annex-type Previously other ministry and regional reviewers expected more details
information. This could be provided as is in an annex, while outcomes upfront in the main report and less in the annexures. Hence, no
of consultation should have been summarized and structured by issue change deemed necessary here.
rather than by stakeholder and presented in a tabular form in the main
report.
The title of Chapter 5 should establish clearly that impacts being WHY? Considering the positive impacts of the RIDP as a whole and
looked at here are only displacement impacts. even potential benefits (reservoir fishing and tourism development,
etc.), it is deemed essential to mention both. This in fact was one of
the common complaints of the Regional BoEPLAU that while the whole
Comment Response
RAP is about mitigating the adverse impacts, more mention should be
made of the positive impacts.
The people to household multiplier is derived from regional statistics It was the same.
(5.2 and footnote 26) at the scale of the entire Amhara Regional State
(total population 20 million people, larger than many countries),
whereas a socio-economic survey was carried out on the affected
households. It would be quite extraordinary that the socio-economic
survey did not capture the number of people in affected households.
Privately owned common grazing land is a concept that requires Added as a foot note; See Page 35
some clarification.
Land considered ineligible for compensation. The RAP seems to Aspect explained above.
assume that as long as people are not predominantly farmers
(employees in this case) they become ineligible for compensation. This
does not recognize the fact that corresponding land may still be critical
to affected peoples livelihoods.
Perennial crops are considered together, while there is a big difference See Appendices soft copy, Appendix 11.2 for all rates
in values between, say, cassava and coffee.
Vulnerable groups: again it should be clarified whether numbers refer Households wherein the vulnerability status is considered from Head
to households or people. of the Household
The term Resettlement Policy Framework used as title for Chapter 6 Corrected to state as Applicable legal framework
is potentially confusing as Resettlement Policy Framework refers to
something different under WB OP 4.12.
The review of OP 4.12 in section 6.2 should mention compensation at Incorporated along with couple of other relevant features
replacement value as an important feature.
Section 6.4 should clarify whether the RPF was approved by the Bank Phrase on Bank approval and Infoshop disclosure added under Section
and publicly disclosed on the Banks website. 6.4, that was approved by the World Bank in 2007.
However just to clarify, the Bank approved RPF did not specify
entitlements and/or the process at that point of time. Subsequent
issuance of guidelines document i.e. The Regional (BoEPLAU) Guideline
on Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purpose and Payment of
Compensation, 2009 (listed in 1st page of this chapter) meant that the
earlier approved RPF was fairly generic. In fact it is not specific to the
Comment Response
Amhara region where this project (Ribb or whole of ENIDP) is located
and talks of another region - Oromia.
The unnumbered table after table 6.2 introduces meher and belg Incorporated. See Annexure 6.1 on Definitions
land without explaining what they are.
Not sure it is useful to mention the Cernea resettlement risk model Agreed that it might not have consistently guided the document
insofar as the model is not used consistently to guide the document particularly with addressing the risk of landlessness with replacement
and the entitlement framework. In any event if this conceptual irrigable parcel of land. The author provided the model specifically
framework is going to be used, the author should be mentioned with a view that such models/diagrams and text can be used in any
(Cernea). training programs that the implementing Woredas and Region can
subsequently use.
7.3.2 provides a good assessment of the resettlement sites but it is not Already well clarified as to who goes where. See first 3 bullets on top
fully clear whether the identified sites can accommodate all resettlers. of page above Section 7.3.2 in Chapter 7, Page 65. 3 bullet point
If I sum the numbers of available plots in 7.3.2 I get 10+14+54 = 78, clarifies the missing 7 numbers
whereas 85 PAHs were mentioned in previous chapters as physically
displaced. Where do the remaining 7 households go?
Confusion between PAPs and PAHs continues throughout chapter 7. Corrected
Clarify who is going to build residential houses. If the resettlers Well clarified in Chapter 7, Section 7.3.4, Page 71 and 72 on Allotment
themselves, what assistance will they receive (technical and other) to process
make sure that they comply with applicable norms?
Section 7.3 on resettlement sites should include a rapid environmental Out of scope. It should be ideally captured in the EMP. Further impact
assessment of the development of resettlement sites (brief description assessment is not required for our case since
of initial situation, potential impacts, brief management plan). the population increase in the debretabor town due to the
resettlement of 50 HHs to 68,318 populated debretabor town
(50*4.5/68,318)*100 is below 0.4% which is quite
insignificant. Also the located site is developing area and was
sparsely populated at the time of assessment.
In Ebinat Town, 24 families are moving in but at two different
sites (14 and 10). Again the town centre is expanding and is
the new population is not expected to cause impacts.
In rural land site too there is only likely to be pressure, if any
on the communal grazing land due to the incoming 7 PAP
Comment Response
households
Giving preference to PAPs in dam related employment is good but the Further clarified. See Chapter 8, Section 8.3, Page 79, paragraph above
RAP does not specify how this will be done. I presume the dam is during operations phase. Also Project authorities would provide the
essentially built by contractors. How do PAPs access these contractor with a kebele-wise list of PAPs added.
employment opportunities? How does the contractor know who is a
PAP and who is not?
Is the amount of ETB 500 for the training grant correct? This seems like Cost indicated is based on costs for such trainings as financial literacy
a very modest amount (about USD 25) to accommodate the cost of any courses and other discussions with Woreda offices. Any such amount
substantial training activities. can be revisited or potential escalation can be accommodated under
Contingency provision of 3% of total RAP budget
The Gantt chart describing the implementation schedule in Table 12.1 Changed to landscape to enhance readability
is not easy to read.
Section 4.5 mentions a preference survey, but as details on the REPEAT COMMENT (previously under high priority)
questionnaire (what options were presented and how were they
presented?) and results are not given in any detail in this section, the
section where these appear (Chapter 7) should be cross-referenced.
The word intimation is used several times in the Consultation not clear what this comment is about. Simply means that advance
chapter (4) and it is not fully clear what it may mean in this context. information on any proposed meeting or approach to preference
survey, etc. as per context.
Not sure it is a good idea to use Indian numbering conventions Corrected
(1,32,668 eucalyptus trees in page 37).
There is a problem with the formatting of Table 6.2 as some items had Nothing noticed to be missing from the soft copy.
disappeared.
Table 7.1 page 67: the population density of 0.004 persons per km2 is Typo. Corrected. It should read 0.004 persons per m2
quite obviously wrong.
Francois Onimus comment Dated August 26
One matter of concern I have myself is that, according to the Preferences indicated for Income restoration during the Preference
preference survey results, several PAPs are going to lose 100% or the Survey cannot be considered as their final option simply because a
vast majority of their crop land but not their houses hence they wont solid matching of existing skills and preferred trades is yet to happen.
move to town, where it would be easier to find alternative sources of That needs to be based on
income. Their preference in terms of livelihood restoration is for a market assessment that is to be carried out by the IR agency (as
cropping activities. They can do it on rented land using their cash and when it is contracted by MOWE).
Comment Response
compensation to pay for the rent for the time being, but this is not training needs assessment to be undertaken by the agency
sustainable over the long term. Restoration of a sustainable income my
appear to be quite of a challenge for these HH. It would be good to Further counselling and guidance to PAPs will be required to ensure
elaborate a bit more on these specific HH in the RAP. that not too many crowd the same trade e.g. Petty Trade.
In this case of those preferring to stay back (rather than shift to

town), for effective Income restoration there will need to be a mix:
of land based (those with balance land) such as the livestock
packages;
provision of other skills and trades based on training needs
assessment
that could be of use to the Dam office infrastructure during
operations phase e.g. Drivers, cleaners, etc. for work at site
or in towns i.e. increase their skill levels to increase their
employability and thereby avenues of income
judicious usage of time based deposits
purchase of any economically productive asset
Section 8.4.1 that talks of ERG is precisely addressing this aspect

Ribb Reservoir Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)

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Ribb Reservoir Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)

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THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA

MINISTRY OF WATER AND ENERGY

ETHIOPIAN NILE IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE PROJECT

RIBB RESERVOIR SCHEME

RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................... VII

CHAPTER 5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...............................................................................................................................34

CHAPTER 10 INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK .............................................................................107

Table 1.1 Structure of Resettlement Action Plan ............................................................................................................................ 4

Table 6.2 Entitlement framework ................................................................................................................................................. 53

ANRS Amhara National Regional State

Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project (RIDP)

Objective and Scope of Resettlement Plan

Approach and Methodology

1 Original Total Project Cost was US$ 110.0 million

Baseline survey findings

Resettlement Policy Framework

Compensation, Expropriation, Resettlement and Livelihood & Income Restoration

Disclosure and communication strategy

Monitoring and Evaluation

Budget Estimate for RAP Implementation

CHAPTER 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

1.1 Project Context

1.2 Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project

1.3 Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project

1.4 Project Area

5 Source: ESIA report by BRL Ingenerie

1.5 Aim and Scope of the Resettlement Action Plan

1.6 Constraints to the Study

1.7 Structure of the Report

CHAPTER 2 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

2.1 Social screening

2.2 Surveys Asset Inventory, Socio-economic survey and Preferences

8level of accuracy is upto 2mm

2.3 Draft report preparation

14 Statistical Package for the Social Sciences

CHAPTER 3 PROFILE OF THE PROJECT AREA

3.1 Profile of the Region, Zone and Woredas

3.2 Profile of the Impacted Kebeles

3.3 Demographic Profile of Project Affected Households

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table 3.6 Distribution of PAPs by Educational Status & Gender

Occupational status: 85.48% of the total population reported to be employed.

Table 3.8 Distribution of Head of households by primary occupation

Table 3.9 Physical status of the affected population

3.4 Socio-Economic Survey of Project Affected Households

15Source: ANRS Investment Office, 2007

Table 3.12 Awareness of HIV/AIDS and Malaria in the area (%)

Table 3.13 Sources of drinking water (%)

Table 3.14 Distance to different water sources by km (%)

17 Source: ANRS ARARI, 2007

Table 3.15 Major crops grown under supplementary irrigation (%)

Amisteya 26.68 15.28 58.03 0.00 100.00

3.5 Baseline status of Project Affected Households

3.6 Major on-going Government Development Programs/Projects/Plans in the Project Area

CHAPTER 4 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS

4.1 Project Stakeholders

Project Affected Persons and communities

4.2 Stakeholder Workshops

Table 4.1 Details of Stakeholder consultations

21 comprising of Team Leader, Engineering expert, Socio-economist, and Legal expert,

Issues raised Responses given