Lec:7

13th March, 2017

Internal Combustion Engines

ME 4143
Dr. Saif ur Rahman
Department of Mechanical Engineering
 INDICATED POWER (ip)
There are two methods of finding the
indicated power of an engine:
i-By taking the indicator diagram with the
help of an indicator.
ii-By measuring b.p and f.p separately
and adding the two

The device which measures the variation

of the pressure in the cylinder over the
cycle is called an indicator and the plot
(diagram) of such information
obtained is called indicator diagram
BREAK THERMAL EFFICIENCY
 Engineering Modeling
Mathematical modeling of engine functions is
an essential element in the design and
development of new engine types
It is the accurate cross correlation of modeled
data with actual running data that enables a
manufacturers to move ahead In the market
 BASIC MEASUREMENTS
The basic measurements to be undertaken to evaluate the
performance of an engine on almost all tests are the following :

(a) Speed
(b) Fuel consumption
(c) Air consumption
(d) Smoke density
(e) Brake horse-power
(f) Indicated horse power and friction horse power
(g) Heat going to cooling water
(h) Heat going to exhaust
(i) Exhaust gas analysis.

In addition to above some other measurements may be necessary

depending upon the aim of the test
mechanical engineers, In Automotive industry
earn an average annual salary of $69,610.00
ENGINE TEST CELL
 ENGINE TEST RIG

Figure :
Schema of test stand: 1 - engine, 2 air flow meter, 3 combustion gases analyzers,4
computer with data acquisition system, 5 - brake, 6 measuring sensors, 7 measuring
amplifiers,8 container of LPG, 9 fuel flow measurement, 10 separator of signal
1 Volumetric Type
2 Gravimetric Type
 VANE AIR FLOW METER

The vain air flow sensor is located ahead of the throttle and air flow meter in vehicle
measure the quantity of air which going into the internal combustion engine. the spring
loaded mechanical flap .
The flap is pushed open by an amount that is proportional to the volume of air entering the
engine.
The flap has a wiper arm that rotates against a sealed potentiometer (variable resistor or
rehostate) allowing the sensor output voltage to change according to air flow.
The greater the airflow the further the flap is forced open this lowers potentiometer
resistance and increase the voltage return signal to the computer.
The ECU calculate how much fuel is needed to inject into cylinder port.
 Chapter 3

Reactive Systems
Introduction
 Chapter 3
Enthalpy of formation
 Chapter 3
Consider a steady state process of 1 mole of
carbon dioxide is formed;
 Chapter 3
Change in Enthalpy

Energy balance for first law S-S And S-Flow

 Chapter 3
First Law Analysis for Steady-State reacting
systems
Energy balance of a S-S combustion process
producing heat and work
Chapter 3 Examples
Chapter 3 Examples
Chapter 3 Examples
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Chapter 3 Examples
Chapter 3 Examples
Chapter 3 Examples
Chapter 3 Examples
Chapter 3 Examples
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Chapter 3 Examples
Chapter 3 Examples
 TODAYS LECTURE
ENGINE DESIGN AND OPERATING
PERAMETERS
Combustion Chamber
 Pent Roof

Similar to a hemispherical chamber

Has flat, angled surfaces rather than a domed surface

Improves volumetric efficiency and reduces emissions

Pent Roof Combustion Chamber

Uses two exhaust valves and two intake

valves to increase flow