1.

A starving rat will lose all interest in food if what part of its brain is destroyed?

A Lateral thalamus

B Ventromedial thalamus

C Lateral hypothalamus

D Ventromedial hypothalamus

E Association areas

2.

According to the two-factor theory, the two basic components of emotions are __________ and
____________.

A Cognitive labels; physical arousal

B Emotion-arousal; overt behavior

C Facial expressions; cognitive labels

D Emotion-arousing events; physical arousal

E Attributions; psychological responses

3.

The universally understandable language of human emotion consists of:

A Body postures.

B Facial expressions.

C Hand gestures.

D Music and dance.

E Tone of voice.

4.

About seven months ago, 15-year-old Katie went on a drastic weight-loss diet that caused her to
drop from 110 to 85 pounds. Although she is now dangerously underweight and undernourished,
she continues to think she looks fat. Katie most clearly suers from what psychological disorder?

A Abnormally low set point

B Anorexia nervosa

C Bulimia nervosa

D Hypermetabolism

E Obesity

5.

During an emergency, increased levels of emotional arousal are likely to be accompanied by

which of the following physiological symptoms?

A Constriction of pupils to increase visual acuity.

B Decreases in blood sugar levels.

C Decreases in respiration rate.

D Increases in salivation.

E Slowing of digestion.

6.

Jack has just eaten a huge meal but gets the urge to eat when he smells fresh popcorn at the
movie theater. Psychologists would most likely consider Jack to be:

A an external eater.

B morbidly obese.

C suering from reverse anorexia nervosa.

D suering from anorexia nervosa.

E suering from bulimia nervosa.

7.

Leptin is a chemical secreted by fat cells and recognized in the brain as a signal of satiety. It has
been shown in laboratory experiments that if leptin receptors in the hypothalamus are blocked,
then the animal will:

A Avoid novel foods

B Be unable to break down carbohydrates into glucose

C Eat excessively and develop obesity

D Gradually starve to death

E Suer from low blood sugar levels

8.

Which of the following statements best depicts the concept of incentive theory?

A Chelsea was extremely thirsty and drank two bottles of water after running two miles.

B Despite low grades, Fred continues to study because he is interested in the material.

C Kim has not eaten all day; therefore, he daydreams about pizza.

D Michael says that he is constantly hungry and eats at least four meals a day to reduce his
hunger.

E Sabrina studies hard because her parents reward her by paying $20 for each superior
grade she brings home.

9.

Which of the following concepts provides the best explanation for why people seek to put on
warmer clothing when they start to feel cold?

A Set-point theory

B Homeostasis

C Self-serving bias

D Assimilation

E Accommodation

10.

Although 3-year-old Austin happily explores the colorful toys located in the doctors oces
waiting room, he periodically returns to his mothers side for brief moments. Austin is most clearly
displaying what?

A Conservation

B Egocentrism

C Avoidant attachment

D Secure attachment

E Stranger anxiety

11.

I dont care whether you want to cut the grass, you will do so, because I said so! This statement
is most indicative of what type of parenting style?

A Authoritarian

B Authoritative

C Laissez-faire

D Preconventional

E Conventional

12.

The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by what
developmental theory?

A Harlows attachment theory

B Eriksons psychosocial development theory

C Kubler-Ross stages of grief

D Piagets cognitive development theory

E Kohlbergs moral development theory

13.

Which of the following is not one of Piagets stages of cognitive development?

A Postoperational

B Pre-operational

C Concrete operational

D Sensorimotor

E Formal operational

14.

In what level of morality might a person have an internal set of values that may conflict with
societal values?

A Preconventional morality

B Conventional morality

C Postconventional morality

D Both A & B

E Both B & C

15.

According to Freud, what is fixation?

A Inability to move

B The Oedipus Complex

C Inability to move beyond a broken relationship

D Seduction

E Persistence of anachronistic sexual traits

16.

Research indicates that which factor may impact the development of sexual orientation?

A Being assaulted or molested as a child

B Fear of the opposite sex

C Left-handedness

D Hormones during pregnancy

E Parenting styles

17.

Which of the following is most likely to be influenced by a cultures social clock?

A Being diagnosed with Parkinsons disease

B Declining fluid intelligence

C Going through menopause

D Giving birth to a first child

E Prevalence of schizophrenia within the culture

18.

Which of the following kinds of development would be least aected by early life experiences?

A Attachment development

B Cognitive development

C Moral development

D Motor development

E Social development

19.

A second-grader develops the idea that all teachers are female because she only encounters
female teachers. This idea is an example of what psychological concept?

A Conservation

B Formal operation

C Convention

D Temperament

E Schema

20.

Experiments show that infants register the strongest preference for which one of the following
visual stimuli?

A Animals

B Bright colors

C Geometric shapes

D Plain colors

E The human face

21,

Theories of human development have been most criticized for placing too much emphasis on
what?

A Cognitive changes during adult development

B Discrete age-linked stages

C Maturation during adolescent development

D Interaction of nature and nurture

E Interpretations of observable behavior

22.

Shelly is constantly seeking reassurance from her husband, Jack, concerning the stability of their
relationship. Shelly likely formed what kind of attachment to her mother as a child?

A Anxious/Ambivalent

B Avoidant

C Confused

D Secure

E All of the above

23.

In which of the following ways did Eriksons stage theory dier from Freuds?

A Freud and Erikson both theorized about psychosocial and psychosexual development.

B Freud covered the entire life span while Erikson only went through early adulthood.

C Freud dealt with the Oedipus complex and Erikson dealt with the Electra complex.

D Freud theorized on psychosexual development, while Erikson theorized on psychosocial

development.

E Freud theorized on psychosocial development, while Erikson theorized on psychosexual

development.

24.

Which sense is most dominant at birth?

A Hearing

B Smell

C Taste

D Touch

E Vision

25.

Jacqueline has no meaningful occupational goals and has switched college majors several times.
Erikson would have suggested that Jacqueline lacks:

A Autonomy

B Competence

C Identity

D Initiative

E Trust

26.

From the perspective of Erik Erikson, why are life stages important?

A Each involves a crisis or dilemma.

B Each is an expression of biological programming.

C Each signals a new stage of cognitive development.

D Their failure to appear is evidence of psychopathology.

E None of the above.

27.

Cody, a 9-month-old, has learned that his Daddy has two legs, glasses, and is losing his hair. One
day at the grocery stores, while passing a bald man with glasses, Cody says, Daddy! This is a
case of:

A Ebbinghaus forgetting curve

B Faulty imprinting

C Overgeneralizing

D Representative heuristic

E Semantic encoding

28.

A newborn demonstrates the Babinski reflex. You would expect to see:

A Eye-blink

B Grasping in response to an object touching the hands or fingers

C Head-turn toward a mild cheek stimulus

D Outstretched arms, legs, and crying

E Toes stretched outward and upward in response to a sole-of-the-foot touch

29.

Drive reduction as a motivational concept is best exemplified by which of the following?

A The sweet taste of chocolate

B Electric stimulation to the pleasure center of the brain

C A monkey using its tail as a fifth limb to climb higher in a tree

D The injection of heroin by an addict to avoid withdrawal symptoms

E The enjoyment of a frightening movie

30.

Hans Selyes general adaptation syndrome is an attempt to explain

A personality traits

B artificial intelligence

C memory organization

D organic retardation

E reactions to stress

31.

A baby looks under the sofa for a ball that has just rolled underneath it. According to Jean Piaget,
the babys action shows development of

A conservation of mass

B reversibility

C object permanence

D logical thinking

E metacognition

32.

Which of the following situations poses an approach-approach conflict for a person who listens
only to classical music?

A Having to sit through a good friends rehearsal for a violin recital

B Attending a classical music event

C Being oered a cash bonus for ushering at an all-Beethoven concert

D Having to choose between an all-Beethoven concert and a punk-rock concert

E Choosing to study with one of two friends, both of whom listen to classical music while
studying

33.

In the James-Lange theory of emotion, which of the following immediately precedes an emotion?

A Observation of the external stimulus

B Recollection of similar past experiences

C Experience of physiological changes

D Appraisal of cognitive factors

E Initiation of a fixed-action pattern

34.

Which of the following research methods is being used if the same subjects are tested at two,
four, and six years of age?
A Cross-cultural

B Longitudinal

C Cross-sectional

D Correlational

E Projective

35.

Mary Ainsworths Strange Situation paradigm is typically used to test young childrens

A ego strength

B intelligence

C reaction time

D attachment

E incidental learning

36.

Which of the following findings would support an interpretation of aggression as catharsis?

A Societies that value aggressive sports are generally less aggressive than societies that do
not value aggressive sports.

B On average, levels of aggression are about equal across all societies.

C Aggressiveness in societies correlates highly with the average annual temperature

D Societies in which media content is particularly aggressive are more aggressive than
societies that have less violent media content.

E In most societies, aggression among individuals waxes and wanes with age.

37.

A nine-year-old girl learning about her capabilities on the playground and in the classroom would
be in which of Eriksons stages of development?

A Industry vs. Inferiority

B Identity vs. Role confusion

C Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt

D Integrity vs. Despair

E Trust vs. Mistrust

38.

Carol Gilligans criticism of Lawrence Kohlbergs developmental theory is based on the argument
that Kohlbergs

A work has been invalidated by changes in the structure of families in the United States

B stages are too limited in their critical-period parameters

C theory underestimates the capabilities of infants and children

D stages do not apply equally well to all racial and ethnic groups

E theory fails to account suciently for dierences between males and females

39.

In a famous series of experiments conducted by Harry Harlow, infant monkeys were separated
from their mothers at birth. The infants were then given two surrogate mothers (a terry-cloth
mother and a wire mother), each of which alternately had a nursing bottle that provided food
to the infants. The experimental results showed that in frightening situations the infant monkeys

A were more likely to become aggressive toward the wire mother than toward the terry-cloth
mother

B failed to seek out either of the mothers because of their lack of experience in seeking
contact comfort

C preferred the wire mother, even when the terry-cloth mother had the nursing bottle

D preferred the terry-cloth mother, even when the wire mother had the nursing bottle

E would run and cling to whichever mother had the nursing bottle

40.

According to Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs, which of the following statements is true?

A Individuals may have peak experiences when meeting physiological needs

B Self-actualization will always precede the meeting of needs for esteem

C There are cultural dierences in the rate at which individuals attain self-actualization

D Women are more likely to reach self-actualization than men are

E Physiological needs must be met before an individual achieves self-actualization

41.

Hunger and eating are primarily regulated by which of the following?

A Androgens

B Estrogens

C The hypothalamus

D The kidneys

E The medulla oblongata

42.

In which of the following types of research are the same children tested periodically at dierent
points in their development?

A Clinical case study

B Between-subjects

C Cross-sectional

D Ethnographic

E Longitudinal

43.

The most well-adjusted and socially competent children tend to come from homes where parents
employ which of the following parental styles?
A Minimal supervision

B Authoritarian

C Authoritative

D Indulgent

E Permissive

44.

Carla tutors other students because she likes to be helpful, whereas Jane tutors classmates
strictly for pay. Their behaviors demonstrate the dierence between

A primary and secondary drives

B instinctive and derived drives

C appetitive and aversive motivation

D intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

E positive and negative reinforcement

45.

The view that human emotions are universal has been supported by studies of

A facial expressions

B body language

C linguistic structures

D hedonic relevance

E biological symmetry

46.

All of the following infant behaviors are usually considered by developmental psychologists to be
reflexes except

A rooting

B reaching

C sucking

D grasping

E smiling

47.

Lawrence Kohlbergs theory of moral reasoning is best described by which of the following?
A Personal conscience is innate and all human beings develop it at the same rate

B By adulthood, all people judge moral issues in terms of self-chosen principles

C Ethical principles are defined by ideals of reciprocity and human equality in individualistic
societies, but by ideals of law and order in collectivistic societies

D Children grow up with morals similar to those of their parents

E Children progress from a morality based on punishment and reward to one defined by
convention, and ultimately to one defined by abstract ethical principles

48.

According to Jean Piaget, what is the earliest stage at which a child is capable of using simple
logic to think about objects and events?

A Sensorimotor

B Preoperational

C Symbolic

D Concrete operational

E Formal operational

49.

Which of the following are the stages in Hans Selyes general adaptation syndrome?

A Appraisal, stress response, coping

B Shock, anger, self-control

C Anxiety, fighting, adapting

D Alarm, resistance, exhaustion

E Attack, flight, defense

50.

The debate over whether development occurs gradually, without discernible shifts, or through a
series of distinct stages is termed

A nature vs. nurture

B developmental vs. cognitive

C cross-sectional vs. longitudinal

D continuity vs. discontinuity

E maturation vs. learning