Linear Circuit Analysis (ELEN-1100)

Lecture # 14: Thevenin and Norton equivalents

Engr. Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher

Assistant Professor, EED
KFUEIT, Pakistan

https://twitter.com/EEDKFUEIT Learning Management System 10.1.0.6

Slide credits

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Contents
Introduction
Thevenin equivalent
Norton equivalent
Assessment problem
Example
PSPICE for thevenin

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Introduction
In some circuits the terminal behavior at some point
is of interest.
In fact, we focus on the behavior of circuit
supplying the power, but at outlet terminals only.
Thevenin and Norton are circuit simplification
methods.
Thevenin circuit is an independent voltage source
Vth with a series resistance Rth in series.
Norton circuit is an independent current source Ith
with a series resistance Rth in series.
Norton equivalent is obtained using source
transformation.
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Thevenin Equivalent
If RL is very large then Vo= open circuit voltage
Therefore,
Vth=open circuit voltage
If RL is zero then we get Isc
Rth=Vth/Isc
Rth can also be calculated by looking into the circuit
from the output terminals. In this procedure make all
current sources open circuit and voltage sources
short circuit.

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Thevenin Equivalent
Consider the circuit shown.
Thevenin equivalent at ab?
To find Vth the voltage is
same as V3A
Apply node voltage method. V3A=32V
To find Rth. Make 3A source open circuit and 25V
short circuit and calculate Req while looking into the
circuit from terminal a b.
Rth=8ohm
Rth can more accurately be calculated
by shorting ab and measuring short circuit current
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Norton Equivalent
Using source transformation the equivalent circuit is
as follows.

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Assessment problem 4.16

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Assessment problem 4.17

Hint : Source transformation !!

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Example 4.10[8th ed.]
Find Vth and Rth
Vth=-5V
Rth=100 ohm

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PSPICE for Thevenin
.TF <output variable><Input source>
EX 5
V1 1 0 DC 10
Vdelta 1 2 DC 0
R1 2 3 5
R2 3 4 15
V2 4 0 20
.TF V(3,0) V1
.end

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PSPICE for Thevenin

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Assignment
Simulate all circuits using PSPICE
Deadline for online submission is April 11, 2017
Please submit the assignment in MSWORD form
with circuits,code and results within.
Dont forget to send .cir files as well.

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
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