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SECTION A
Q.1. Magnetic field lines can be entirely confined within the core of a toroid,
but not within a straight solenoid. Why? 1 mark
Ans. Since, the magnetic field induction outside the toroid is zero.
Q.2. A plot of magnetic flux () versus current (I) is shown in the figure for two
inductors A and B. Which of the two has larger value of
self-inductance? 1 mark
Ans. Since = LI L = = slope of I graph slope of inductor A = slope of
1
inductor B. Hence the inductor A has larger value of self-inductance.
Q.3. Show graphically, the variation of the de-Broglie wavelength () with the
potential (V) through which an electron is accelerated from rest. 1 mark
Ans.
Ans. Since, the positive terminal of the batteries are connected together, so the equivalent
emf of the batteries is given by
Hence, the current in the circuit is given by = .
190
= = 5
38
Q.5. Define electric dipole moment. Write its S.I. unit. 1 mark
Ans. Electric dipole moment: Dipole moment () is a measure of strength of electric dipole.
It is a vector quantity whose magnitude is equal to product of the magnitude of either
charge and the distance between them. Si unit of dipole moment is coulomb-meter
(cm).
SECTION - B
Q.7. In the meter bridge experiment, balance point was observed at J with
AJ = l. 2 mark
(i) The values of R and X were doubled and then interchanged. What would
be the new position of balance point?
(ii) If the galvanometer and battery are interchanged at the balance position,
how will the balance point get affected? 2 mark
Ans. (i) the value of R and X were doubled and then interchanged. Hence the new position
of balance point will 100 .
(ii) = .
=
100
100
= ( )
Hence, the galvanometer and tell are interchanged, the condition for a balance
bridge is still satisfied. Therefore, the galvanometer will not show any deflection.
Ans. Junction rule: The algebraic sum of all the emf meeting at a point in an
electrical circuit is always zero.Let the currents be 1 , 2 , 3 4
3 + (1 ) + (2 ) + () = 0
Kirchhoffs Second law: Loop rule
In a closed loop, the algebraic sum of the emfs is equal to the algebraic sum of the
products of the resistance and current flowing through them.
Demonstration:
2 = 4
1 = 3
1 + + 1 2 = 0
1 2
= ()
2 1
1 1 + 1 1 = [3 = 1 , 4 = 2 ]
2 4
= ()
1 3
2 4
=
1 3
Q.9. Plot a graph showing the variation of stopping potential with the
frequency of incident radiation for two different photosensitive materials
having work functions and ( > ). On what factors does the (i)
slope and (ii) intercept of the lines depend? 2 mark
Ans. The graph showing the variation of stopping potential (0 ) with the frequency
of incident radiation (0 ) for two different photosensitive materials having work
functions W1 and W2 (W1 >W2 ) is shown in fig.
V
(i) Slope of the line = =
[ V = h ]
Slope of the line depends on the Plancks constant h and the electronic
charge .
Q.10. Using Rutherfords model of the atom, derive the expression for the total
energy of the electron in hydrogen atom. What is the significance of total
negative energy possessed by the electron? 2 mark
Ans. From Rutherfords model of the atom, the magnitude of this force is
1 2. ()
= .
4 0 2
For hydrogen atom, Let, Centripetal force required to keep a revolving
electron in orbit. Fe-Electrostatic force of attraction between the revolving
electron and the nucleus. Then, for a dynamically stable orbit in hydrogen atom,
where Z = 1
=
2 ()()
= ()
40 2
= ()
40 2
SECTION - C
Q.11. A convex lens made up of glass of refractive index 15 is dipped, in turn, in (i) a
medium of refractive index 165, (ii) a medium of refractive index 133.
(b) How will its focal length change in the two media? 3 marks
Ans. Here,
= 1.5
1 1 1
Let be the focal length of the lens in air, Then, ( 1) ( )
1 2
1 1 1 1
or ( ) = =
1 2 ( 1) (1.51)
1 1 1
Or ( ) = . (i)
1 2
Let be the focal length of the lens, when dipped in medium A. Then,
1 1 1
( 1) ( )
1 2
1 1
=( 1) ( )
1 2
As the sign of is opposite to that of the lens will behave as a diverging lens.
Here, = 1.33
Let be the focal length of the lens, when dipped in medium B. Then,
1 1 1 1 1
( 1) ( ) = ( 1) ( )
1 2 1 2
1 1.5 2 0.34
=( 1) =
1.33 1.33
Or = 3.91
As the sign of is same as that of the lens will behave as a converging lens.
Q.12. (a) The energy levels of an atom are as shown below. Which of them will
result in the transition of a photon of wavelength 275 nm? 3 marks
= 0 (2) = 2
For element B
= 4.5 , 2 = 0
= 0 (4.5) = 4.5
6.6261034 3108
=
4.51.61019
19.878107
= 2.760107 =
7.2
For element C
= 4.5 , 2 = 2
6.6261034 3108
=
2.51.61019
19.878107
= 4.969107 = .
4
For element D
= 10 , 2 = 2
= 2 (10) = 8
6.6261034 3108
=
81.61019
19.878107
= = 1.552107 = .
12.8
Element B has a proton of wavelength
(b) Element A has radiation of maximum wavelength 621nm
Q.13. An air solenoid of length 0.3m, area of cross section is 1.2 x and
has 2500 turns. Around its central section, a coil of 350 turns is wound.
The solenoid and the coil are electrically insulated from each other.
Calculate the emf induced in the coil if the initial current of 3A in the
solenoid is reversed in 0.25s. 3 marks
Ans. N1 = 2500
N2 = 350
A = 1.2 103 2
l = 0.3m.
dl = 3-(-3)
= 3+3 = 6A
dt = 0.25s
Since Mutual inductance,
0 1 2 4107 25003501.2103
= =
0.3
43.141.05104
= = 43.96104 = 4.39103 H
0.3
dI
Induced |E| = M
dt
4.39103 6
= = 105.36103 = 0.10536 V.
0.25
1
= 0.2057 107
= 4.861 107
= 4861
intensity of light after passing through second polarizer 2 is given by = 0 2 .
Q.16. An illuminated object and a screen are placed 90cm apart. Determine the
focal length and nature of the lens required to produce a clear image on
the screen, twice the size of the object. 3 marks
Ans.
m= 2 = = 2 . . ()
Putting the value of v in (i), we get
90
u + 2u = 90 = = 30
30
= 230 = 60
Using lens formula, we get
1 1 1 1 1 1
= =
60 30
1 1 1 1 1+2 3
= + = =
60 30 60 60
60
= = 20 cm.
3
Q. 17. (a) In what way is diffraction from each slit related to the interference pattern in
a double slit experiment?
(b) Two wavelength of sodium light 590 nm and 596 nm are used, in turn, to
study the diffraction taking place at a single slit of aperture .The
distance between the slit and the screen is 1.5.m. Calculate the separation
between the positions of the first maxima of the diffraction pattern obtained
in the two cases. 3marks
Ans.(a). If the width of each slit is comparable to the wavelength of light used, the
interference pattern thus obtained in the double-slit experiment is modified by
diffraction from each of two slits.
1 = 590 = 5.9107
Wavelength of another light beam,
2 = 596 = 5.96107
31 1
sin = =
2
OR
31 32
1 = 1 =
2 2
Spacing between the positions of first secondary maxima of two sodium lines
3
1 2 = ( 2 ) = 6.75 105 .
2 1
Q.18. (a) Draw a ray diagram showing the image formation by a compound
microscope. Hence obtain expression for total magnification when the image
is formed at infinity. 3 marks
Ans. (a)
= 0 .
1
= + (1 + )
0
OR
(a) State Huygenss principle. Using this principle draw a diagram to show how a
plane wave front incident at the interface of the two media gets refracted when it
propagates from a rarer to a denser medium. Hence verify Snells law of
refraction.
(b) When monochromatic light travels from a rarer to a denser medium, explain
the following, giving reasons: (i) Is the frequency of reflected and reflected light
same as the frequency of incident light? (ii) Does the decrease in speed imply a
reduction in the energy carried by light wave?
= + . . ()
= sin ---(ii)
or,
sin ( ) sin
= + (KP = AP AK)
or,
sin sin
= sin + ( ) . ()
The rays from different point on the incident wave front will take the same time to reach the
corresponding points on the refracted wave from i.e., t given by equation
If
sin sin
=0
sin sin
= ==
sin sin
This is the Snells law for refraction of light.
(b)(i). The frequency of refracted light remains same as the frequency of incident light
frequency only depends on the source of light.
(ii) Since, the frequency remains same, hence there is no reduction in energy.
Q.19. State the law of radioactive decay. Plot a graph showing the number (N) of
undecided nuclei as a function of time (t) for a given radioactive sample having
half life . Depict in the plot the number of undecided nuclei at (i) t = 3 and
(ii) t = 5 . 3 mark
Ans. Radioactive decay Law: The number of atoms disintegrated per second at any
instant is directly Proportional to the number of radioactive atoms actually
present at that time. The following graph showing the number (N) of Undecided
nuclei as a function of time (t) for a given radioactive sample having half-life.
And undecided nuclei at (i) t = 2 1/2 (ii) t = 4 1/2 included also,
Q.20. Three light rays red (R), green (G) and blue (B) are incident on a right
angled prism 'abc' at face 'ab'. The refractive indices of the material of
the prism for red, green and blue wavelengths are 1.39, 1.44 and 1.47
respectively. Out of the three which color ray will emerge out of face 'ac'
? Justify your answer. Trace the path of these rays after passing
through face 'ab'. 3 marks
Ans. The red light ray (R) will emerge out of face ac. The path of green (G) and blue
(B) light rays will be as,
Q.21. (a) Why photoelectric effect cannot be explained on the basis of wave nature of
light? Give reasons.
Photons are electrically neutral and are not deflected by electric and magnetic
fields.
Q.22. You are given three lenses , and each of focal length 20 cm. An object is
kept at 40 cm in front of , as shown. The final real image is formed at the
focus I of . Find the separations between , . 3 marks
Ans.
1 1 1
=
1 1
1 1 1
= +
1 1 1
1 1 127
+ =
20 40 40
1
40
1 = 40.
Here, image by 3 is formed at focus. So the object should lie at infinity for 3 . Hence. 2
will produce image at infinity. So we can conclude that object for 2 should be at its focus.
But, we have seen above that image by 1 is formed at 40 right of 1 which is at 20 cm left of
2 focus of 2 .
So 1 = distance between 1 and 2 = (40 + 20) cm = 60 cm
Again distance between 2 and 3 does not matter as the image by 2 is formed at infinity so
2 can take any value.
SECTION - D
Q.23. With the help of a suitable ray diagram, derive the mirror formula for a concave
mirror. 4 marks
Ans. Mirror Formula for Concave Mirror:
Let, AB be the length of an object placed beyond C in front of a concave mirror. The
image AB is real, inverted and between C and F.
= ()
+ 2
=
2 + +
2 + 2 2 = 2 2
= +
Dividing both side by , we get
= +
1 1 1
= +
SECTION E
Q.24. (a) for a ray of light travelling from a denser medium of refractive index
to a rarer medium of refractive index , prove that = sin ,
where is the critical angle of incidence for the media.
(b) Explain with the help of a diagram. how the above principle is used
for transmission of video signals using optical fibers? 5 marks
Ans.(a) Relation between refractive index and critical angle: Let O be a point object
in the denser medium of refractive index (1 ). A ray incident along OA1
deviates away from normal and is refracted along A1 B1 in the rarer medium
of refractive index (2 ). It increases with increase in the angle of incidence:
For particular value of i = C, the critical angle, the incident ray OA2 is
refracted at < r = 90 and goes along A2 B2 .
n1 ic = n2 sin 900 n1 ic = n2 1
n2 n2
ic = = ic
n1 n1
(b) Optical Fiber: Optical fiber make use the phenomenon of total internal
reflection. Optical fibers consist of many long high quality
composite glass or quartz fibers. Each fiber consists of a
core and cladding. The refractive index of the material of
the core is higher than that of the cladding.
Propagation of light through an optical fiber: When light is incident at one end of the
fiber at a small angle, it suffers several total internal reflection at the glass boundary
because the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle. The intensity of the
out coming beam is almost equal to that of the incident beam.
OR
(a) What is plane polarized light? Two polaroids are placed at to each other
and the transmitted intensity is zero. What happens when one more polaroid is
placed between these two bisecting the angle between them? how will the
intensity of transmitted light vary on further rotting the polaroid?
Ans.(a) Plane polarized light: When polarized, light is passed through a tourmaline
crystal cut with its face parallel to its crystallographic axis AB. Only those
vibrations of light pass through the crystal, which are parallel to AB, all other
vibrations are absorbed. The emerged light from the Crystal is said to be
plane polarized light. If E is the amplitude of electric field component
emanating-from 1st polaroid, then from 2nd polaroid at 45 .The amplitude of
1 E
electric field component is E1 = E cos 45 = E
2 2
Again amplitude of electric field component coming from 3rd polaroid at 45 to 2nd
polaroid would be
E 1 E
E2 = E1 cos 45 = . =
2 2 2
= Half of E
As Intensity E 2
1
Intensity transmitted from three polaroids will be 4th of the intensity
transmitted from the first polaroid.
(b) No, The light which is made up of electric field components Ex, Ey with 90
phase difference but equal amplitudes. The tip of electric vector executes
uniform circular motion at the frequency of the light itself.
When such light is passed through a polaroid, which is rotated, the
transmitted average intensity remains constant.
= sin ()
At every instant, the potential V is given by
=
sin = = sin .
If I is instantaneous value of current in the circuit at instant t, then
= = ( sin )
1
= (cos ). = sin ( + )
1 2
The current will be maximum. When (sin + 2 ) = 1
= 1 1 = 1
= sin ( + )
2
Therefore, alternating current I lead the alternating voltage by a phase angle of 2 .
= 50
=?
1 1
= =
2
1
=
22
2 7 50 15 106
7 106
=
33000
= 212.12 212
= 2 + 2 = (200)2 + (212)2
= 40000 + 44944
= 84944
= 291.45
220
= =
291.45
= 0.75
= = 0.75200
= 125
= .
+ >
This is because these voltages are not in same phase and they cannot be added like ordinary
numbers.
= 2 + 2
= (150)2 + (159)2
= 47781
= 218.18 .
Ans. Part I: Faradays law of induction: It states that the emf induced in a coil of N
turns is directly related to the rate of
change of flux through it.
=
Where is the flux linked with one turn of the coil? If the circuit is closed, a
current I = is set up in it.
Part II: refer to following fig (a). the arm PQ of the rectangular conductor is
moved from x = 0, outwards. The uniform magnetic field is
perpendicular to the plane and extends from x = 0 to x = b and zero
the situation when the arm PQ possesses substantial resistance r.
Consider the situation when the arm PQ is pulled outwards from x = 0
to x = 2b, and is then moved back to x = 0 with constant speed v.
obtain expressions for the flux, the induced emf, the force necessary
to pull the arm and the power dissipated as joule heat. Sketch the
variation of these quantities with distance.
Let us first consider the forward motion from = 0 to x = 2b the flux linked with
the circuit SPQR is
= 0<
= Blb b < 2
The induced emf is,
= = ; 0 < = 0 ; < 2
When the induced emf is non-zero, the current I is (in magnitude)
I=
The force required to keep the arm PQ in constant motion is IlB. Its direction is to the
left. In magnitude
22
F= = 0 ; 0 < = 0 ; < 2
= I2
22 2
= 0<
=0 b<2
OR
N
This ratio called the turms ratio.
N
So s > V
So, V > V