BAHAGIAN AKADEMIK, HAL EHWAL PELAJAR, ALUMNI DAN JARINGAN INDUSTRI & MASYARAKAT FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UPM / FK / BP / FYP TABLES OF CONTENTS CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2.0 REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES 2.1 Carrying out the project 2.1.1 Responsibilities of the student 2.1.2 Respons ibilities of the supervisor / coordinator 2.2 Final Report 2.3 Evaluation 2.3.1 First Semester Evaluation 2.3.2 Second Semester Evaluation 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 3.0 PREPARATION OF THE REPORT 3.1 Physical Requirement of the Report 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.5 3.1.6 3.1.7 3.1.8 Paper Margins Font Type and Size Spacing Pagination Mathematical Text Ill ustration Type-written Copy 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 3.2 Format of the Report 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 3.2.7 3.2.8 3.2.9 3 .2.10 3.2.11 3.2.12 3.2.13 3.2.14 3.2.15 3.2.16 3.2.17 3.2.18 Arrangement of Con tents Cover Inside Cover Page Approval Sheet Acknowledgements (if any) Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures List of Symbols Abstract Introduction Li terature Review Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusions References Append ices Biographical Sketch(Optional) NO. EDISI NO. SEMAKAN TARIKH KUATKUASA : : : 1.0 06 24/08/2010 1 UPM / FK / BP / FYP 4.0 5.0 PROJECT WORK SCHEDULE THE USE OF ACADEMIC AND CAMPUS SERVICES IN STUDENTS PROJEC T WORK 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Ordering Equipment Manufacture of Equipment (if applicable) Visual Aids Facilities Correspondence Supervisors Responsibilities 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 6.0 THE USE OF REFERENCES IN TECHNICAL WRITING 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Reference in the text References at the end of the text The esse ntial elements of a good reference are Volume Works 12 12 12 12 12 NO. EDISI NO. SEMAKAN TARIKH KUATKUASA : : : 1.0 06 24/08/2010 2 UPM / FK / BP / FYP 1.0 INTRODUCTION The preparation of a report forms an important part of the students work in this Faculty. The final year student project is a partial fulfillment of the require ments for all the Bachelor of Engineering programs. This guide has been prepared to help the final year student with the selection, implementation, and presenta tion of an acceptable project work and report. It is also a useful reference for the project supervisor in guiding the student in meeting the necessary requirem ents set by the Faculty. The project work is intended to provide the students wi th the opportunity to apply theoretical knowledge to solve engineering problems. It is also aimed at helping students to develop initiative and to gain experien ce in research methods and procedures, collection, analysis and presentation of engineering data with the necessary observations and conclusions. The main objec tive is to help the student develop initiative in tackling a problem by himself / herself. Student should follow closely to what has been outlined in this guide and observe the time schedules and datelines, which will be acknowledged from t ime to time by the project coordinator. 2.0 REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES 2.1 2.1.1 CARRYING OUT THE PROJECT Responsibilities of the students It is the re sponsibilities of the students to ensure that the project work is carried out to meet the necessary requirements set by the Faculty. A lot of initiative and har d work are expected from every student. Students are expected to meet the superv isor and discuss the project work as often as possible. As soon as a project is approved by the Faculty Project Coordinator, the student should start working on it immediately by further detailed planning, preparation of equipment and the p ursuit of experimental work. 2.1.2 Responsibilities of the supervisor / coordina tor The supervisor is expected to meet the student from time to time to advise a nd monitor the progress of the project work. It is also the responsibility of th e supervisor to see that students follow closely all the datelines set by the Fa culty Project Coordinator. The supervisor is also expected to advise the student to follow the guideline in this book in preparing the project report. The Coord inator/Head of Department is required to identify examiners upon consultation wi th the supervisor. He is expected to assist the student in making arrangements f or use of facilities, editing the reports, visits or attendance at colloquia if these are deemed necessary as part of the program of work. 2.2 FINAL REPORT The final report is to be typewritten in Bahasa Malaysia or English and preferably s hould not exceed 100 pages. Two hardbound copies of the final report must be sub mitted to the respective department clerk before the appropriate dateline. The F aculty has the right to reject reports that do not satisfy any of the requiremen ts or down grade the result. NO. EDISI NO. SEMAKAN TARIKH KUATKUASA : : : 1.0 06 24/08/2010 3 UPM / FK / BP / FYP 2.3 EVALUATION 2.3.1 First Semester Evaluation For the first semester, project work will be eva luated based on the following: i) Presentation of Project Proposal 5% (by superv isor and/or examiners) ii) Report of Project Proposal 5% (by supervisor) iii) Pr oject Work 20% (by supervisor) The evaluation criteria for each of the items abo ve are based on the expected Program Outcomes (PO). The marks will be filled in FK3/Q/PROPEL3. Each student should submit a typewritten copy of his / her projec t proposal and present a short seminar on the proposed project. It is the respon sibility of the student, not the Faculty, to arrange for the typing of the repor t and for its completion within the dateline set. KKA and those department adopt ing KKA s format, need to refer to A Guide To Final Year Plant Design Project for evaluation. 2.3.2 Second Semester Evaluation For the second semester, the proje ct work will be evaluated based on the following: i) Project Work ii) Project Re port iii) Oral Exam 30% (by the supervisor) 30% (by the examiners and supervisor s) 10% (by the examiners and supervisors) The evaluation criteria for each of the items above are based on the expected Pr ogram Outcomes (PO). The marks will be filled in FK3/Q/PROPEL3. An oral examinat ion will be held within a week immediately after the final examination week when the student presents his / her report. The project report must be submitted to the supervisor and examiner through the respective department clerk at the lates t, one week before the oral examination. A panel of 3 members is recommended to give the oral examination. External observers from other educational institution s may be invited to attend the oral presentation. Failure to submit the final re port in hardbound copies in the specified time may result in an F grade for the project report. 3.0 PRPEPARATION OF THE REPORT 3.1 PHYSICAL REQUIREMENT OF THE REPORT 3.1.1 Paper An 80 gm White Simili paper or paper of equivalent quality should be used. The paper should be of A4 size (210 x 297 mm). 3.1.2 Margins The text is re commended to be typed on one side of the paper only with margins of not less than 40mm on the left and 25mm on the top, bottom and right. 3.1.3 Font Type and Size The report should be typed by using Times New Roman font with 12 in size. NO. EDISI NO. SEMAKAN TARIKH KUATKUASA : : : 1.0 06 24/08/2010 4 UPM / FK / BP / FYP 3.1.4 Spacing The report should be typed preferably in doubl e spacing. The following, however, should be single spaced in the text of the re port: a) b) c) d) e) f) Foot notes Quotations longer than 3 lines Reference Tabl es Computer Programs Appendices Major sections should begin on a new page on the fifth double space from the top of. Avoid having a single line of a paragraph. 3.1.5 Pagination Pages are numbe red consecutively from introduction to the end of the report, including pages of figure, tables, computer programs and appendices. Page numbers appear by themse lves and are not to be enclosed in parenthesis, hyphens or other decorative symb ols. Pages preceding the introduction may carry page numbers in small roman nume rals (i, ii, iii). The title page should not be numbered though it is counted as page i. 3.1.6 Mathematical Text Mathematical text must be spaced out; superscrip t must be clearly shown as such. 3.1.7 Illustration Photographs, drawings, graph s and other illustrations which are not incorporated in the text must be reprodu ced on A4 size card or paper leaving a margin of not less than 2cm all around. W here large-scale engineering drawings or maps are used, copies reduced to A4 siz e must be included in the report where appropriate. In any case a complete set o f the original drawings or maps should be handed in with the report. Diskettes o f the programs and negatives should also be included where required. 3.1.8 Type- written Copy The first copy must be the original copy. Second and third copies s hould be photo copies of the original. Carbon copies will not be accepted. NO. EDISI NO. SEMAKAN TARIKH KUATKUASA : : : 1.0 06 24/08/2010 5 UPM / FK / BP / FYP 3.2 3.2.1 FORMAT OF THE REPORT Arrangement of Contents A report consists of many parts arranged in a certain or der. It is recommended that the following occur in the following order, although not every report will include all the items listed. Blank Leaf Title Page Appro val Acknowledgement Abstract Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures or Illustrations List of Symbols Introduction Other Chapters as Necessary Probably including Introduction Literature Review Materials and Method Results and Discu ssion Conclusions Summary Reference Appendices Biographical Sketch (Optional) Bl ank Leaf 3.2.2 Cover NAME OF THE AUTHOR TITLE MATRIC NO. PROGRAM HARD COVER (Navy Blue) YEAR NO. EDISI NO. SEMAKAN TARIKH KUATKUASA : : : 1.0 06 24/08/2010 6 UPM / FK / BP / FYP FONT TYPE Times New Roman Font Size: 14 MATRIC NO. 3.2.3 Inside Cover Page This page includes the following information: Title of P roject Full name of Author The degree for which the report is presented The mont h and year in which the degree is granted 3.2.4 Approval Sheet This sheet bears the signatures of the Supervisor and two o ther members of the panel certifying approval of the report. NO. EDISI NO. SEMAKAN TARIKH KUATKUASA : : : 1.0 06 24/08/2010 7 UPM / FK / BP / FYP 3.2.5 Acknowledgement (if any) Acknowledgements may be given to those who help in the supervision of the project. It may be found necessary to seek information and sp ecial assistance, particularly from outside the Faculty or University, which sho uld be acknowledged. Students should judge as to whether the quality and quantit y of the assistance requires acknowledgements. The wording should be simple, con cise, tactful and modest. Table of Contents This page is self-explanatory. It se rves as a synopsis of the structural pattern of the report. As far as possible, subdivision of headings should be limited to three levels. All materials followi ng the table of contents are listed in it. No preceding material is listed. The headings as listed in the table of contents must be worded exactly as they appea r in the body of the report. List of Tables If the report contains a lot of tabl es, a separate page should be allocated to a list of them, giving the table numb er, the exact title and the page where it may be found. List of Figures If the r eport contains a lot of tables, a separate page should be allocated to a list of them, giving the table number, the exact title and the page where it may be fou nd. List of Symbols All symbols and abbreviations for scientific terms as used i n the report should be listed on this page and their full interpretation given, along with their units where necessary. 3.2.6 3.2.7 3.2.8 3.2.9 3.2.10 Abstract The abstract covers briefly the whole of the work in the report. It is presented so that any other reader, who is attracted by the title of the project. Can know a little more without having to read the whole report. Any ref erence to the literature is not made in the abstract but if such references are necessary, they should be footnoted. Abstract should not normally exceed 250 wor ds and must be written in standard Bahasa Malaysia or English. 3.2.11 Introducti on This is an introduction to the project work as a whole, the problem, social, economic and technical reasons why the project is of importance, its significanc e on a limited front or its possible application to a wider field. 3.2.12 Litera ture Review It is important that a student doing a certain project work should k now what has already been done related to his project. Having done this reading, it is important that the main outlines be recorded and the reference to the wor k be made (Refer 3.2.15) 3.2.13 Methodology This should contain an accurate desc ription of the equipment used and the experiments carried out. It should be suff iciently detailed for the reader to be able to repeat the work if necessary and know exactly the circumstances under which it was done. While only representativ e successful experiments need to be described in detail, it is often described i n detail, it is often desirable to mention briefly the unsuccessful experiments and wrong turnings which occur for the benefit of the reader. NO. EDISI NO. SEMAKAN TARIKH KUATKUASA : : : 1.0 06 24/08/2010 8 UPM / FK / BP / FYP 3.2.14 Results and Discussion This is the heart of the proje ct work and distinguishes a project report from references or description. This is the place where the results of experimentation are reported and appraisal of what has been written before. A place where comparisons are made, argusions reac hed. 3.2.15 Conclusions Conclusions are the natural outcome of the results and d iscussions. These are essential parts of all reports even if the only possible c onclusion that can be reached is no conclusion can be drawn from the project and that further work is necessary in a certain direction. There is a clear distinc tion between conclusions and comments. The student has really learnt from his pr oject work if he can separate out the conclusions from the comments. 3.2.16 Refe rences Nearly all projects will involve the reading of a number of reference. Th e list of reference forms a very valuable part of the work since it enables the reader to seek more work consulted and also protect writes in matters of copyrig ht. Information from the source. It is a common courtesy to quote the authors of the work consulted and also protect writes in matters of copyright 3.2.17 Appen dices Any information, which may contain the following, should be included under Appendices: a) Original data that are lengthy and or lesser importance b) Long quotations or descriptions c) Other relevant information that are not readily av ailable to the reader 3.2.18 Biographical Sketch (Optional) This section is opti onal. It is a brief background of the author. It may include information like ag e, occupational experience, academic qualification, or even marital status. The purpose of this section is to introduce the author to readers. NO. EDISI NO. SEMAKAN TARIKH KUATKUASA : : : 1.0 06 24/08/2010 9 UPM / FK / BP / FYP 4.0 PROJECT WORK SCHEDULE This schedule is a guide to students and supervisors involved in final-year proj ects. SEMESTER I Briefing of projects by supervisors / coordinator / head of dep artment Registration of chosen projects by students Preparation of project propo sals Identification of examiners Presentation of project proposal in a seminar S tudents mark for semester I is due at the Coordinator / Head of Department Office SEMESTER II Copies of final corrected report for oral presentation Are due to s upervisor and examiners Oral presentation of report Hardbound copies of report a nd final grade are due at the Head of Department Office WEEK 1-2 1-2 3-4 4 5-6 1 9 WEEK 17 19 20 5.0 THE USE OF ACADEMIC AND CAMPUS SERVICES IN STUDENT PROJECT WORK These notes are intended as a guide to students and for the information of techn ical, academic and office staff on the procedures to be adopted when service fac ilities are required. In preparing the Project Proposal form the student consult ation with his/her supervisor will have outlined his / her requirements for the various facilities involved. Upon approval the students should inform the approp riate senior technician of his/her intended assistance, instrumentation and work shop staff needs. Give relevant dates e.g.: when drawings will be available, whe n equipment is required etc. Update this information frequently and keep the sen ior technician informed of changes. 5.1 Ordering Equipment On the Project Propos al form, costs (approximately RM 500 per student) will have been estimated for e quipment and materials to be ordered. The supervisor and/or the relevant senior technician will help to prepare orders, but it is the student responsibility to ensure that his/her equipment is accurately stated. 5.2 Manufacture of Equipment (if applicable) 5.2.1 Full information is required for all equipment to be made in the workshop. This must include: a) General arrangement drawing b) Fully dim ensional detail drawings of all components to be manufactured c) Complete materi als list of all components whether ex-stock or to be bought out including materi al specifications and size of all raw materials. 5.2.2 A project number will be allocated which must appear on all drawings, parts list and other paperwork asso ciated with the project. All drawing must be to the ISOA series of sizes (eg. A1) with at least a 20mm margin. All dimensions to be in millimeters. The drawing nu mber will appear in the lower right hand corner of the sheet, below the title bl ock. The project supervisors name and the desired date for completion of manufact ure should be stated. Throughout the design and draught stage, the student shoul d consult both his/her supervisor and Drawing office staff. This will ensure tha t drawings are presented 1.0 06 24/08/2010 5.2.3 NO. EDISI NO. SEMAKAN TARIKH KUATKUASA : : : 10 UPM / FK / BP / FYP in accordance with certain standards and that no serious des ign or other errors are present at the time of completion. It is recommended tha t the Design Draughtman be consulted during the design stage, as he will be able to comment on the practicability and economy of manufacture in the workshop. 5. 2.4 A set of drawings must include a parts list. On completion the set of drawin gs is submitted to the Project Supervisor for approval. Prints are taken from th e drawings and any errors or changes found necessary are marked on the prints an d the students make corrections. The corrected drawings and prints are then chec ked and signed. The original drawings are filed in the Drawing Office together w ith the original parts list. The prints are submitted to the workshop for manufa cture. Proposed revisions to an approved and finally checked drawing must first be discussed with the supervisor and Drawing Office staff. If prints have been s ubmitted to the workshop and manufacture commenced, a representative from the wo rkshop should be included in any discussions. 5.2.5 5.2.6 5.3 Visual Aids Facilities Requests for visual aids service required should be made at the facultys store. A ny requests for visual aids and work to be charged require the approval of the p roject supervisor. Approval is at his/her discretion and subject to Faculty work having priority. 5.4 Correspondence Any correspondence addressed to individuals or organizations outside the Faculty must: a) Include under the signature of the writer, the writers name in black ca pitals or typescript. b) Clarify that the reply should be addressed personally t o the writer. c) Clarify that the enquiry is in connection with a study project. Letters should normally be written or typed by the student. In exceptional case s only supervisors may authorize Faculty typing facilities to be used subject to Faculty work having priority. 5.5 Supervisors Responsibilities The supervisor is responsible for general guidance in the arrangements of the st udents project. He/she should check orders and work required to ensure that Facul ty resources of money, labor and materials are not used wastefully and that cost s are correctly allocated to the students project or personal account in accordan ce with the arrangement outlined above. NO. EDISI NO. SEMAKAN TARIKH KUATKUASA : : : 1.0 06 24/08/2010 11 UPM / FK / BP / FYP 6.0 THE USE OF REFERENCES IN TECHNICAL WRITING The objective of giving references is to let the reader: i) Know what sources th e writer drew on. ii) Know which information comes from which source. iii) Find the original information to check it or obtain more information. 6.1 Reference in the text: The practice is to give a note after the quoted material, either in the form of a number which refers to numbered references quoted in fu ll at the end, or by giving the authors name and year of publication for example: i) ii) Fiber reinforced concrete is a composite material consisting of concrete with fibers (17). Fiber reinforced concrete is a composite material consisting of concrete with fibers (Shirley, 1975) 6.2 References at the end of the text: In example (i) number lists the reference, wh ile in example (ii). The reference is not numbered but listed in the authors name . Listing references may be presented in either way (as mentioned in example (i) and (ii) in the previous paragraph). It should be noted here that the value of the references would be reduced if it is poorly presented. The test of a well-pr epared reference is whether a reader, here or elsewhere can readily identify and locate the material that has been cited. Regardless of style therefore, complet eness and accuracy are essential. 6.3 The essential elements of a good reference are 1) Authorship 2) Year of publicat ion 3) Title of publication 4) Medium of publication and 5) Number of pages in t he publication Examples given below are presented in section according to the ty pe of publications. This is done to illustrate how to handle various kinds of ma terials referred to and does not mean that the reference section should be simil arly presented. 6.4 Volume Works: If the source is a textbook, monograph, pamphlet or report the fol lowing information should be given in the order stated: i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) A uthor (or Editor, Compiler, Translator) Year of Publication (in parentheses) Tit le of Article/Chapter/part of section Title of Book/Monograph/Pamphlet/Report Ed ition No. Publisher Page number referred to NO. EDISI NO. SEMAKAN TARIKH KUATKUASA : : : 1.0 06 24/08/2010 12 UPM / FK / BP / FYP Example: DESCH, H.E. (1973). Timber, Its Structure and Prope rties 5th Ed. London, Macmillan, 424p. NEVILLE, A.M. (1973). Properties of Concr ete. 2nd Ed. London Pittman, 687p. WHITMORE, J.G (1973). Palms of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. Oxford Univ. Press. 129p. Periodicals: When the reference is an article in a technical journal the following should be given: i) Author ii) Year of Publ ication (in parenthesis) iii) Title of Article iv) Name of Periodical (abbreviat ed, underlined and followed by a comma) v) Volume number vi) Issue number vii) P age numbers referred to NO. EDISI NO. SEMAKAN TARIKH KUATKUASA : : : 1.0 06 24/08/2010 13