ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1

Annotated Bibliography

Joshua N. Overton

Research Techniques and Technology

Leslie Drake

3/02/17
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III. Sex Differences in the Human Brain. (2002). In V. S. Ramachandran, Encyclopedia of the

human brain. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science & Technology.

The article Sex Differences in the Human Brain focuses on observation research, towards

differences of brain matter within males and females. This was studied by behavioral traits,

average cognitive ability, and the occurrences of disorders neurologically between genders. Then

the researchers studied anatomical and functional traits of each gender. The conclusion for this

research over the brain differences was demonstrated on graphs that used compare and contrast,

with cited ratios.

This article was published in 2002 and the information given was consistent. The

intended audience was for scholarly readers as, this article was also to inform readers. The

author's credentials are unclear, but seem to be reviewed as this was an academic journal. There

was no bias shown in reading this academic article.

Bentall, R. (2006). negative symptoms of schizophrenia. In G. Davey, Encyclopaedic dictionary

of psychology. London, UK: Routledge.

The article Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia covers the different abilities, attributes,

and behaviors that are affected by Schizophrenia. The topics were clearly covered and found

with secondary analysis. The article describes the five main types of negative symptoms

associated with Schizophrenia, which are affective blunting, alogia, asociality, apathy, and

attentional impairment. This article also explains the negative symptoms in schizophrenia

affected by medication.

This article was published in 2006 and the information given was consistent. The

intended audience was scholarly readers, as this article was an informative piece. The authors
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credentials are professional and relate to the field of study as the author has a PhD in psychology.

There was no bias shown in reading this academic article. The links for this article are all

working, with proper citations.

Castle, D. J., et al. (2017). Women And Schizophrenia. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University

Press, 2000. eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost).

The informative book Women and Schizophrenia covers the different aspects of

schizophrenia that women experience compared to men. These topics were clearly covered and

found with observation and secondary analysis. The article describes differences in a females

brain compared to a males in certain traits. The it describes how a female is affected by

schizophrenia differently than a male with positive and negative symptoms. This book also

covers male and female hormonal differences and relates this to schizophrenic patients.

This book was published in 2000 and the information given was consistent throughout

the research. The intended audience for this book was for academic scholarly readers, as this

book was also to inform readers. The four authors credentials seem well qualified relating to the

field of study each other is in. There was no bias shown in reading this academic article. The

cited resources were proper and information given was up to date.

Castle, D. , et al. (1995) Gender Differences in Schizophrenia: Hormonal Effect or Subtypes?

Pennsylvania State University. 21 (1)

The article Gender Differences in Schizophrenia: Hormonal Effect or Subtypes? focuses

on observation research and secondary analysis, towards gender differences in Schizophrenia.

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This was studied by research over prenatal exposures to influenza, how susceptible one gender is

to schizophrenia, and hormonal differences. Then the researchers clarified this research with

tables creating a better explained visual. The conclusion for this research over the hormonal

effects, found males to have an earlier age onset for schizophrenia and females having a later on

set.

This article was published in 1995 and the information given was thoroughly. The

intended audience for this article was for scholarly readers as, this article was also to inform

readers. The author's credentials are unclear, but seem to be reviewed as this was an academic

journal. There was no bias shown in reading this academic article.

Nawka, A., et al. (2013). Gender differences in coerced patients with schizophrenia. BMC

Psychiatry, 13(1), 179-199.

The academic journal Gender differences in coerced patients with schizophrenia is

primarily focused on secondary analysis, with information covering gender specific clinical and

biological traits in schizophrenia. Then this article discusses the general treatments towards

schizophrenia and how genders may need different methods for different symptoms. This article

also focuses on an observation method presenting "291 males and 231 females coerced patients

with schizophrenia were included in this study, which utilized data gathered by the EUNOMIA

project (European Evaluation of Coercion in Psychiatry and Harmonization of Best Clinical

Practice) and was carried out as a multi-centre prospective cohort study at 13 centers in 12

European countries". The conclusion towards this study found that the non-coerced inpatient

population showed no difference among gender relating to the sociodemographic or the clinical
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characteristics. The gender differences shown came from behaviors and the way genders

presented themselves in the study.

This article was published in 2013 and the information given was very consistently. The

intended audience for this article was for scholarly readers as, this article was also to be

informative. The author's credentials are professional and all have or work in this field of study.

There was no bias shown in reading this academic article.

Ochoa, Susana, et al. (2012). Gender Differences in Schizophrenia and First-Episode Psychosis:

A Comprehensive Literature Review. Hidawi.

The web article Gender Differences in Schizophrenia and First-Episode Psychosis: A

Comprehensive Literature Review focuses on gender differences in Schizophrenia. This article

does this through secondary analysis, with studies that cover the age onset, cognitive functioning,

and social functioning. This article further describes the disorders course of effects. Then

concludes that males suffer more negative symptoms while females have more effective

symptoms.

This website article was published in 2012 after revision and the research information

was consistent. The intended audience for this article was for scholarly readers as, this article

was more of a scholarly informative article. The author's credentials seem well qualified for this

subject, as they all had a doctorate or masters degree relating to the field of study. There was no

bias shown in reading this academic article.

Ramnsey, J, et al. (2013). Distinct Molecular Phenotypes in Male and Female Schizophrenia

Patients. PLOS One. 8 (11)

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The academic journal Distinct Molecular Phenotypes in Male and Female Schizophrenia

Patients focused on secondary analysis with research covering schizophrenia differences based

on gender. This academic journal relates more of it's information towards age onset and internal

processes. This academic journal also focuses on molecules that effect hormonal, inflammatory,

and growth factors between gender. Then from there they study the biomarkers within the

molecules, providing the researchers with information about more detail with schizophrenia.

This academic journal was published in 2013 and the research information was

consistent. The intended audience for this article was for scholarly readers as, this article was

more of a informative article. The author's credentials seemed well qualified for this subject, as

they all had a backgrounds or jobs relating to this field of study. There was no bias shown in

reading this academic article.

Schneider, F., & Deldin, P. J. (2004). Genetics and Schizophrenia. In P. B. Sutker, & H. E.

Adams (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychopathology. Dordrecht, The

Netherlands: Springer Science and Business Media.

The academic journal Genetics and Schizophrenia focuses on secondary research, to

describe the potential role genetics have in schizophrenia. The academic journal divides up the

genetics topic into two categories being positive symptoms and negative symptoms. Then later

describes in more detail the neurodevelopment with schizophrenia. Then concludes with a

breakdown table showing how genetics play a role and the likely hood that it will be passed

down.

This academic journal was published in 2004 and the research information was

consistent. The intended audience for this article was for scholarly readers as, this article was a
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informative article meant to inform readers. The author's credentials seemed very qualified for

this subject, as they all had a backgrounds and degrees relating towards this field of study. There

was no bias shown in reading this academic article.

Simons, G. , et al. (2009). Facial expression in male and female schizophrenia patients.

European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience.

The academic journal Facial expression in male and and female schizophrenia patient is

a study that is based on observations. The first group that was tested three times, was twenty two

males and eight males that were hospitalized for schizophrenia. The second group was tested

twice with twenty-one males and eight females that were outpatients with schizophrenia. Then

after the groups were assembled they included a control group. This study focused on measuring

different facial expressions in patients and schizophrenia symptoms between genders.

This academic journal was published in 2009 and the research information was consistent

throughout the academic journal. The intended audience for this journal was for scholarly readers

as, this journal was a informative article meant to inform readers. The author's credentials

seemed very qualified for this subject, as they all had a backgrounds and degrees relating

towards this field of study. There was no bias shown in reading this academic article.

Schizophrenia. National Institute of Mental Health. U.S. Department of Health and Human

Services.
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The website article Schizophrenia covers the symptoms, causes, treatment methods, and

affects of Schizophrenia on an individual. These topics were clearly covered and found with

secondary analysis. The article describes Schizophrenia as a mental disorder and the three

categories for symptoms on Schizophrenia. These three symptoms include positive, negative, and

cognitive. Then this article uses more in-depth information over the brain chemistry and genetics

within Schizophrenia patients. This article later concludes with an outlook towards new research

to making Schizophrenia a treatable disorder and not just a manageable one.

This article was published in 2009 and the information given was consistent with the

details. The intended audience was for scholarly readers as, this article was also to inform

readers. The author's credentials are unclear, but seem to be reviewed as this was an academic

journal. There was no bias shown in reading this academic article. The links for this article are all

working.