TUGAS V

CLASS ACTIVITY, LAB, AND PACKET TRACER CHAPTER 5

TEKNIK JARINGAN TELEKOMUNIKASI

Nama : Paramagga Ariyantio

NIM : 1504405001
Dosen : Ir. Pande Ketut Sudiartha, M.Erg.

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK ELEKTRO DAN KOMPUTER

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA
2017
 CLASS ACTIVITY 5.0.1.2
JOIN MY SOCIAL CIRCLE !

Is there a procedure you must follow to register others and yourself so that
you can form a communications account? Why do you think that a
procedure is needed?
Answer :
In each of these services, you are bringing the person you want to
communicate with directly into your network. You are doing this in order
to have a direct contact with your correspondents and be able to
communicate together directly, without requiring any intermediary person
to relay messages between you and your friends in your network. In essence,
by registering yourself and your correspondents into your contact list, you
are building your own (social) communication network.
In IP networks, this would be a process of associating the peers IP
address in the same network with its Layer 2 data-link layer address. On
Ethernet and WiFi, the two most widely used network technologies, IP uses
a supporting protocol called Address Resolution Protocol, or ARP, to
perform this translation.

How do you initiate contact with the person or people with whom you wish
to communicate?
Answer :
The exact sequence of steps would depend on the service you are
using to communicate with your peer. However, there will always be
common steps: First, you decide what network is your peer reachable in.
Second, you look up the persons contact in your contact list, and then use
this contact to send your peer a message. Depending on the service, the
message will be received only by this person (like in e-mail or instant
messaging services), or it may actually be visible by other people in the
 recipients network (like in LinkedIn or Facebook message boards). There
is never doubt, though, who is the intended recipient.
In IP networks, a node sending a message to another node decides
on which directly network is the peer located, and then performs destination
IP or next-hop IP into Layer2 address translation to know how to address
that nodes NIC. The message may then be delivered only to the recipient
NIC (if there are, say, switches on the path between the sender and receiver),
or it may actually be seen by other stations (like in WiFi where stations can
hear each other).

How do you ensure that your conversations are received only by those with
whom you wish to communicate?
Answer :
The primary prerequisite is that the message is unambiguously
addressed to a single intended recipient only. This is exactly the purpose of
using a contact list that associates individual persons with their unique user
identifiers. Otherwise, if we did not know the user identifier of the recipient,
we would either have to send the message to everyone, effectively
broadcasting it, or we would not be able to send the message at all. In IP
networks, this goal is performed by the resolution of the recipient (or next-
hop) IP address into its unique Layer2 address, using ARP or a similar
mechanism. It is then up to the network technology to make sure that the
message arrives to, and only to, the intended recipient.
Some technologies do not allow sending messages in a way that
prevents third parties from seeing the message. For example, in Ethernet
deployments using hubs or WiFi, the transmission is always visible to all
nodes in the network. While only the intended recipient will actually process
the message, others can nonetheless see it. This is similar to message boards
on LinkedIn or Facebook where, although intended for a single recipient
only, many or all other users can see the messages.
 CLASS ACTIVITY 5.4.1.1
MAC AND CHOOSE

How was Ethernet used when it was first developed ?

Answer :
Students may mention that Ethernet was first developed to be used
with printers (video information).

How has Ethernet stayed the same over the past 25 years or so? What
changes are being made to make it more useful/applicable to todays data
transmission methods ?
Answer :
Ethernet still uses copper cabling and wireless transmission, while
the speed and distance of the transmissions are being developed to meet
current and future data transmission methods..

How have Ethernet physical media and intermediary devices changed ?

Answer :
The speed and distance of data communications has increased
exponentially - intermediary devices have been designed to use different
cabling endpoint types to support this speed and distance increase.

How have Ethernet physical media and intermediary devices have stayed
the same ?
Answer :
Switches still handle most Ethernet transmissions, whether Layer 2
and/or Layer 3, but the framing is basically the same with minor
modifications to the frames introductory sections indicating what type of
frame is being transmitted, etc.
 How do you think the Ethernet will change in the future? What factors could
influence these changes ?
Answer :
Device connections and speed/distance developments will change
how networks will access other networks, but the underlying technology of
Ethernet and the framing of Ethernet transmissions will probably stay the
same. Wireless is an example of this. It is legacy and current/futuristic.
 LAB 5.1.1.7
USING WIRESHARK TO EXAMINE ETHERNET FRAMES

Part 1 : Examine the Header Fields in an Ethernet II Frame

Step 1. Review the Ethernet II header field descriptions and lengths.

Step 2. Examine the network configuration of the PC.

PC Host IP Address : 192.168.43.132

Default Gateaway : 192.168.43.1
Step 3. Examine Ethernet frames in a Wireshark capture.

Step 4. Examine the Ethernet II header contents of an ARP request.

 What is significant about the contents of the destination address field?
Answer :
All hosts on the LAN will receive this broadcast frame. The host
with the IP address of 10.20.164.17 (default gateway) will send a unicast
reply to the source (PC host). This reply contains the MAC address of the
NIC of the Default Gateway.

Why does the PC send out a broadcast ARP prior to sending the first ping
request?
Answer :
Before the PC can send a ping request to a host, it needs to determine
the destination MAC address before it can build the frame header for that
ping request. The ARP broadcast is used to request the MAC address of the
host with the IP address contained in the ARP.

What is the MAC address of the source in the first frame?

Answer : 48 : 5d : 60 : f7 : c3 : 42

What is the Vendor ID (OUI) of the Sources NIC?

Answer : Azurewav

What portion of the MAC address is the OUI?

Answer : The first 3 octets of the MAC address indicate the OUI.

What is the Sources NIC serial number?

Answer : f7 : c3 : 42
Part 2 : Use Wireshark to Capture and Analyze Ethernet Frames
Step 1. Determine the IP address of the default gateway on your PC.
What is the IP Address of the PC Default Gateway?
Answer : 192.168.43.1 (ref. picture of Part 1, Step 2)

Step 2.

Interface List in WireShark.

Packet List Window that traffic appears.

Step 3. Filter Wireshark to display only ICMP traffic.

Before pinging the default gateway with ICMP filter.

Step 4 5. Stop Capturing After Ping the IP Address of Defualt Gateway on PC

After pinging the default gateway on PC with ICMP filter.

Step 6. Examine the first Echo (ping) request in Wireshark.

What is the MAC address of the PCs NIC?

Answer : 48 : 5D : 60 : F7 : C3 : 42
What is the default gateways MAC address?
Answer : A2 : 32 : 99 : A2 : 05 : 1D
What type of frame is displayed?
Answer : 0x0800 or an IPv4 frame type.
What is the source IP address?
Answer : 192.168.43.132
What is the destination IP address?
Answer : 192.168.43.1

What do the last two highlighted octets spell?

Answer : hi
What device and MAC address is displayed as the destination address?
Answer : The Host PC, 48 : 5D : 60 : F7 : C3 : 42
Step 7. Restart packet capture in Wireshark.

Step 8 9. Pinging www.cisco.com and Stop Capturing Packets.

Step 10. Examine the new data in the packet list pane of Wireshark.
In the first echo (ping) request frame, what are the source and destination
MAC addresses?
Answer :
Source : 48 : 5D : 60 : F7 : C3 : 42
Destination : A2 : 32 : 99 : A2 : 05 : 1D

What are the source and destination IP addresses contained in the data field
of the frame?
Answer :
Source : 192.168.43.132
Destination : 23.50.251.42

Compare these addresses to the addresses you received in Step 6. The only
address that changed is the destination IP address. Why has the destination
IP address changed, while the destination MAC address remained the same?
Answer :
Layer 2 frames never leave the LAN. When a ping is issued to a
remote host, the source will use the Default Gateways MAC address for the
frame destination. The Default Gateway receives the packet, strips the Layer
2 frame information from the packet and then creates a new frame header
with the next hops MAC address. This process continues from router to
router until the packet reaches its destination IP address.

Reflection.
Wireshark does not display the preamble field of a frame header. What does the
preamble contain?
Answer :
The preamble field contains seven octets of alternating 1010 sequences, and
one octet that signals the beginning of the frame, 10101011.
 LAB 5.1.2.8
VIEWING NETWORK DEVICE MAC ADDRESSES

Part 1 : Configure Devices and Verify Connectivity

Step 1. Cable the network as shown in the topology.

Step 2. Configure the IPv4 address for the PC.

Pinging Switch IP is not successful, because we have not settings the IP address of
the switch yet and the interface VLAN 1 is still off.
Step 3. Configure basic settings for the switch.

Configuring Switch IP address, and turning on the interface VLAN 1.

Step 4. Verify Network Connectivity.

Now, pinging the Switch IP is successful.

Part 2 : Display, Describe, and Analyze Ethernet MAC Addresses

Step 1. Analyze the MAC address for the PC-A NIC.

Using ipconfig /all command in the command windows PC-A.

 What is the OUI portion of the MAC address for this device?
Answer : 00 : 0C : 85

What is the serial number portion of the MAC address for this device?
Answer : 2B : E8 : 72

Step 2. Analyze the MAC address for the S1 F0/6 interface.

What is the MAC address for VLAN 1 on S1?

Answer : 00 : 30 : F2 : 21 : BB : 73

What is the MAC serial number for VLAN 1?

Answer : 21 : BB : 73

What is the OUI for VLAN 1?

Answer : 00 : 30 : F2
 Based on this OUI, what is the name of the vendor?
Answer : Cisco Systems

What does bia stand for?

Answer : Burned in Address

Why does the output show the same MAC address twice?
Answer : The MAC address can be changed via a software command. The
actual address (bia) will still be there which is shown in the parenthesis.

Using Show arp command in the CLI to display MAC Address information.

What Layer 2 addresses are displayed on S1?

Answer :S1 and PC-A MAC addresses.

What Layer 3 addresses are displayed on S1?

Answer : S1 and PC-A IP addresses.
Step 3. View The MAC Addresses On The Switch.

Using show mac-address-table in the PC-A terminal to view MAC address on the
switch
Did the switch display the MAC address of PC-A? If you answered yes,
what port was it on?
Answer : Yes, Fa0/1 port with MAC address 00 : 0C : 85 : 2B : E8 : 72.

Reflection.
Can you have broadcasts at the Layer 2 level? If so, what would the MAC
address be?
Answer : You can and often do have broadcasts at Layer 2. ARP will use
broadcasts to find MAC address information. The broadcast address is
FF.FF.FF.FF.FF.FF.

Why would you need to know the MAC address of a device?

Answer : There could be a variety of reasons. In a large network, it may be
easier to pinpoint location and identity of a device by MAC address rather
than IP address. The MAC OUI will list the manufacturer, which may help
narrow down the search. Security measures can be applied at Layer 2 so
knowledge of allowable MAC addresses is needed.
 LAB 5.2.1.7
VIEWING THE SWITCH MAC ADDRESS TABLE

Part 1 : Build and Configure the Network

Step 1. Cable the network according to the topology.

Step 2. Configuring PC Hosts

Step 3 4. Configure Basic Settings Each Switch
Switch 1.

Switch 2.
Part 2 : Examine the Switch MAC Address Table
Step 1. Record network device MAC addresses.

PC-A MAC Address : 00 : E0 : B0 : E0 : 4C : 49

PC-B MAC Address : 00 : 03 : E4 : 54 : 42 : 33

S1 Interface F0/1

S1 Fast Ethernet 0/1 MAC Address : 00 : D0 : BA : C0 : 13 : 01

S2 Interface F0/1

S2 Fast Ethernet 0/1 MAC Address : 00 : 02 : 4A : 62 : 10 : 01

Step 2. Display the switch MAC address table.

Are there any MAC addresses recorded in the MAC address table?
Answer : Yes there are.

What MAC addresses are recorded in the table? To which switch ports are
they mapped and to which devices do they belong? Ignore MAC addresses
that are mapped to the CPU.
Answer : 00 : D0 : BA : C0 : 13 : 01, port Fast Ethernet 0/1 in VLAN 1

If you had not previously recorded MAC addresses of network devices in

Step 1, how could you tell which devices the MAC addresses belong to,
using only the output from the show mac address-table command? Does it
work in all scenarios?
Answer : The switch must do the broadcast message until the MAC
address are recorded.
Step 3. Clear the S2 MAC address table and display the MAC address table again.

Wait 10 seconds, type the show mac address-table command, and press
Enter. Are there new addresses in the MAC address table?
Answer : Yes. After 10 secs, the MAC address is show up again.
Step 4. From PC-B, ping the devices on the network and observe the switch MAC
address table.

Not including multicast or broadcast addresses, how many device IP-to-

MAC address pairs have been learned by ARP?
Answer : Just one device have been learned by ARP.
Pinging PC-A, S1 and S2. All connections are good, and they are connected well.

The switch has added additional MAC address to the table, which :
0003.e454.4233 Port Fa 0/18
00d0.ff14.a06d Port Fa 0/1
00e0.b0e0.4c49 Port Fa 0/1
The PC-B ARP have additional entries for all network device that were sent pings.
 PACKET TRACER 5.3.1.3
IDENTIFY MAC AND IP ADDRESSES

Part 1 : Gather PDU Information

Step 1. Gather PDU Information as a packet travels from 172.16.31.2 to 10.10.10.3
Step 1 2. Gather Additional PDU Information From Pings

Destination MAC Address : 00D0.BA8E.741A

Source MAC Address : 000C.85CC.1DA7
Source IP Address : 172.16.31.2
Destination IP Address : 10.10.10.3
At Device : Computer
 Test At Device Dest. MAC Src. MAC Src. IPv4 Dest. IPv4
172.16.31.2 00D0.BA8E.741A 000C.85CC.1DA7 172.16.31.2 10.10.10.3
Hub 00D0.BA8E.741A 000C.85CC.1DA7 172.16.31.2 10.10.10.3

Ping from Switch1 00D0.BA8E.741A 000C.85CC.1DA7 172.16.31.2 10.10.10.3

172.16.31.2
Router 0060.4706.572B 00D0.588C.2401 172.16.31.2 10.10.10.3
to
10.10.10.3 Switch0 0060.4706.572B 00D0.588C.2401 172.16.31.2 10.10.10.3
Access Point 0060.4706.572B 00D0.588C.2401 172.16.31.2 10.10.10.3
10.10.10.3 00D0.588C.2401 0060.4706.572B 10.10.10.3 172.16.31.2

10.10.10.3 0060.4706.572B 0060.2F84.4AB6 10.10.10.3 10.10.10.2

Ping from Access Point 0060.4706.572B 0060.2F84.4AB6 10.10.10.3 10.10.10.2

10.10.10.3
Switch0 0060.4706.572B 0060.2F84.4AB6 10.10.10.3 10.10.10.2
to
10.10.10.2 Access Point 0060.4706.572B 0060.2F84.4AB6 10.10.10.3 10.10.10.2
10.10.10.3 0060.2F84.4AB6 0060.4706.572B 10.10.10.2 10.10.10.3

Ping from 172.16.32.3 000C.85CC.1DA7 0060.7036.2849 172.16.31.3 172.16.31.2

172.16.31.3
Hub 000C.85CC.1DA7 0060.7036.2849 172.16.31.3 172.16.31.2
to
172.16.31.2 172.16.31.2 0060.7036.2849 000C.85CC.1DA7 172.16.31.2 172.16.31.3

Ping from 172.16.32.5 000C.CF0B.BC80 00D0.D311.C788 172.16.31.5 172.16.31.4

172.16.31.5
Switch1 000C.CF0B.BC80 00D0.D311.C788 172.16.31.5 172.16.31.4
to
172.16.31.4 172.16.32.4 00D0.D311.C788 000C.CF0B.BC80 172.16.31.5 172.16.31.4
 Test At Device Dest. MAC Src. MAC Src. IPv4 Dest. IPv4
10.10.10.2 00D0.588C.2401 0060.2F84.4AB6 10.10.10.2 172.16.31.4
Access Point 00D0.588C.2401 0060.2F84.4AB6 10.10.10.2 172.16.31.4
Ping from
10.10.10.2 Switch0 00D0.588C.2401 0060.2F84.4AB6 10.10.10.2 172.16.31.4
to Router 000C.CF0B.BC80 00D0.BA8E.741A 10.10.10.2 172.16.31.4
172.16.31.4
Switch1 000C.CF0B.BC80 00D0.BA8E.741A 10.10.10.2 172.16.31.4
172.16.31.4 00D0.BA8E.741A 000C.CF0B.BC80 172.16.31.4 10.10.10.2

10.10.10.2 00D0.588C.2401 0060.2F84.4AB6 10.10.10.2 172.16.31.3

Access Point 00D0.588C.2401 0060.2F84.4AB6 10.10.10.2 172.16.31.3

Ping from Switch0 00D0.588C.2401 0060.2F84.4AB6 10.10.10.2 172.16.31.3

10.10.10.2
Router 0060.7036.2849 00D0.588C.2401 10.10.10.2 172.16.31.3
to
172.16.31.3 Switch1 0060.7036.2849 00D0.BA8E.741A 10.10.10.2 172.16.31.3
Hub 0060.7036.2849 00D0.BA8E.741A 10.10.10.2 172.16.31.3
172.16.31.3 00D0.BA8E.741A 0060.7036.2849 172.16.31.3 10.10.10.2

Part 2 : Reflection Questions

Answer the following questions regarding the captured data:
1. Were there different types of wires used to connect devices?
Answer : Yes, copper cable and fiber optic cable.

2. Did the wires change the handling of the PDU in any way?
Answer : No, it is just a media for PDU through the way.

3. Did the Hub lose any of the information given to it?

Answer : No

4. What does the Hub do with MAC addresses and IP addresses?

Answer : Nothing
5. Did the wireless Access Point do anything with the information given to it?
Answer : Yes. It repackaged it as wireless 802.11

6. Was any MAC or IP address lost during the wireless transfer?

Answer : No

7. What was the highest OSI layer that the Hub and Access Point used?
Answer : Layer 1

8. Did the Hub or Access Point ever replicate a PDU that was rejected with a red
X?
Answer : Yes

9. When examining the PDU Details tab, which MAC address appeared first, the
source or the destination?
Answer : Destination

10. Why would the MAC addresses appear in this order?

Answer : A switch can begin forwarding a frame to a known MAC address more
quickly if the destination is listed first

11. Was there a pattern to the MAC addressing in the simulation?

Answer : No

12. Did the switches ever replicate a PDU that was rejected with a red X?
Answer : No

13. Every time that the PDU was sent between the 10 network and the 172 network,
there was a point where the MAC addresses suddenly changed. Where did that
occur?
Answer : It occurred at the Router
14. Which device uses MAC addresses starting with 00D0?
Answer : The Router
15. To what devices did the other MAC addresses belong?
Answer : To the sender and receiver

16. Did the sending and receiving IPv4 addresses switch in any of the PDUs?
Answer : No

17. If you follow the reply to a ping, sometimes called a pong, do the sending and
receiving IPv4 addresses switch?
Answer : Yes

18. What is the pattern to the IPv4 addressing in this simulation?

Answer : Each port of a router requires a set of non-overlapping addresses

19. Why do different IP networks need to be assigned to different ports of a router?

Answer : The function of a router is to inter-connect different IP networks.

20. If this simulation was configured with IPv6 instead of IPv4, what would be
different?
Answer : The IPv4 addresses would be replaced with IPv6 addresses, but
everything else would be the same.
 PACKET TRACER 5.3.2.8
EXAMINE THE ARP TABLE

Part 1 : Examine an ARP Request

Step 1. Generate ARP Request by Pinging 172.16.31.3 from 172.16.31.2
 The ARP PDU moves Switch1 while the ICMP PDU disappears, waiting
for the ARP reply. Open the PDU and record the destination MAC address.
Is this address listed in the table above?
Answer : The destination MAC Address is not in the list table above, it is
FFFF.FFFF.FFFF

How many copies of the PDU did Switch1 make?

Answer : Three copies.

What is the IP address of the device that accepted the PDU?

Answer : 172.16.31.3
 Open the PDU and examine Layer 2. What happened to the source and
destination MAC addresses?
Answer :
The first Source and Destination MAC Address is from 172.16.31.2
(0060.85CC.1DA7) to broadcast with MAC FFFF.FFFF.FFFF. In the end
device that receiving a ping the Source and Destination MAC address is
change from 172.16.31.3 (0060.7036.2849) to 0060.85CC.1DA7.

How many copies of the PDU did the switch make during the ARP reply?
Answer : Just one copy, it is 172.16.31.2.

Step 2. Examine the ARP Table

Do the MAC addresses of the source and destination align with their IP
addresses?
Answer : Yes.
 To what IP address does the MAC address entry correspond?
Answer : 172.16.31.3

In general, when does an end device issue an ARP request?

Answer : When it does not know the receivers MAC address.

Part 2 : Examine a Switch MAC Address Table

Step 1. Generate Additional Traffic to Populate the Switch Mac Address Table
 How many replies were sent and received?
Answer : 4 sent, 4 receive.

Step 2. Examine the MAC Address Table on the Switches.

 Do the entries correspond to those in the table above?
Answer : Yes.

Do the entries correspond to those in the table above?

Answer : Yes

Why are two MAC addresses associated with one port?

Answer : Because both devices connect to one port through the Access
Point.
Part 3 : Examine the ARP Process in Remote Communications
Step 1. Generate Traffic to Produce ARP Traffic

What is the IP address of the new ARP table entry?

Answer : 172.16.31.1

Repeat the ping to 10.10.10.1. How many PDUs appear?

Answer : Two PDUs

Click the PDU that is now at Switch1. What is the target destination IP
destination address of the ARP request?
Answer : 172.16.31.1

The destination IP address is not 10.10.10.1. Why?

Answer : The gateway address of the router interface is stored in the IPv4
configuration of the hosts. If the receiving host is not on the same network,
the source uses the ARP process to determine a MAC address for the router
interface serving as the gateway.
Step 2. Examine the ARP Table on Router1

How many MAC addresses are in the table? Why?

Answer : Nothing, this command means something completely different
than the switch command show mac address-table.
 Is there an entry for 172.16.31.2?
Answer : Yes there is.

What happens to the first ping in a situation where the router responds to
the ARP request?
Answer : It times out.