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Chapter1
Table of
Contents
1.Whatarethefivecomponentsthatmakeupaninformationsystem?
a.hardware,software,data,people,process
2.Whatarethreeexamplesofinformationsystemhardware?
a.Thereareanumberofpossibleanswers:aPC,aprinter,amouse,tablets,mobilephones,etc.
3.MicrosoftWindowsisanexampleofwhichcomponentofinformationsystems?
a.Itisanoperatingsystem,whichisapartofthesoftwarecomponent.
4.Whatisapplicationsoftware?
a.Softwarethatdoessomethinguseful.
5.Whatrolesdopeopleplayininformationsystems?
a.Thetextincludesexamplessuchashelpdesksupport,systemsanalyst,programmer,andCIO.
6.Whatisthedefinitionofaprocess?
a.Aprocessisaseriesofstepsundertakentoachieveadesiredoutcomeorgoal.
7.Whatwasinventedfirst,thepersonalcomputerortheInternet(ARPANET)?
a.TheInternetwasactivatedin1969thepersonalcomputerwasintroducedin1975.
8.InwhatyearwererestrictionsoncommercialuseoftheInternetfirstlifted?WhenwereeBayandAmazonfounded?
a.Restrictionswereliftedin1991,Amazonwasfoundedin1994,andeBaywasfoundedin1995.
9.WhatdoesitmeantosayweareinapostPCworld?
a.Thepersonalcomputerwillnolongerbetheprimarywaythatpeopleinteractanddobusiness.
10.WhatisCarrsmainargumentaboutinformationtechnology?
a.Thatinformationtechnologyisjustacommodityandcannotbeusedtogainacompetitiveadvantage.
Chapter2
1.Writeyourowndescriptionofwhattheterminformationsystemshardwaremeans.
a.Answerswillvary,butshouldsaysomethingaboutinformationsystemshardwareconsistingofthephysicalparts
ofcomputingdevicesthatcanactuallybetouched.
2.WhatistheimpactofMooresLawonthevarioushardwarecomponentsdescribedinthischapter?
a.Thestudentshouldpickoneofthecomponentsanddiscusstheimpactofthefactthatcomputingdoublesinspeed
everytwoyears.Mostdevicesaregettingsmaller,faster,cheaper,andthisshouldbeindicatedintheanswer.
3.WriteasummaryofoneoftheitemslinkedtointheIntegratedComputingsection.
a.Thestudentshouldwriteasummaryofoneofthelinkedarticles.
4.Explainwhythepersonalcomputerisnowconsideredacommodity.
a.ThePChasbecomeacommodityinthesensethatthereisverylittledifferentiationbetweencomputers,andthe
primaryfactorthatcontrolstheirsaleistheirprice.
5.TheCPUcanalsobethoughtofasthe_____________ofthecomputer.
a.brain
6.Listthefollowinginincreasingorder(slowesttofastest):megahertz,kilohertz,gigahertz.
a.kilohertz,megahertz,gigahertz
7.Whatisthebusofacomputer?
a.Thebusistheelectricalconnectionbetweendifferentcomputercomponents.
8.NametwodifferencesbetweenRAMandaharddisk.
a.RAMisvolatiletheharddiskisnonvolatile.DataaccessinRAMisfasterthanontheharddisk.
9.Whataretheadvantagesofsolidstatedrivesoverharddisks?
a.Themainadvantageisspeed:anSSDhasmuchfasterdataaccessspeedsthanatraditionalharddisk.
10.Howheavywasthefirstcommerciallysuccessfulportablecomputer?
a.TheCompaqPCwas28pounds.
Chapter3
1.Comeupwithyourowndefinitionofsoftware.Explainthekeytermsinyourdefinition.
a.Avarietyofanswersarepossible,butshouldbesimilartothedefinitioninthetext:Softwareisthesetof
instructionsthattellthehardwarewhattodo.Softwareiscreatedthroughtheprocessofprogramming.
2.Whatarethefunctionsoftheoperatingsystem?
a.Theoperatingsystemmanagesthehardwareresourcesofthecomputer,providestheuserinterfacecomponents,
andprovidesaplatformforsoftwaredeveloperstowriteapplications.
3.Whichofthefollowingareoperatingsystemsandwhichareapplications:MicrosoftExcel,GoogleChrome,iTunes,
Windows,Android,AngryBirds.
a.MicrosoftExcel(application),GoogleChrome(application),iTunes(application),WIndows(operatingsystem),
Android(operatingsystem),AngryBirds(application)
4.Whatisyourfavoritesoftwareapplication?Whattasksdoesithelpyouaccomplish?
a.Studentswillhavevariousanswerstothisquestion.Theyshouldpickanapplication,notanoperatingsystem.
Theyshouldbeabletolistatleastonethingthatithelpsthemaccomplish.
5.Whatisakillerapp?WhatwasthekillerappforthePC?
a.Akillerappisapplicationsoftwarethatissousefulthatpeoplewillpurchasethehardwarejustsotheycanrun
it.ThekillerappforthePCwasthespreadsheet(Visicalc).
6.Howwouldyoucategorizethesoftwarethatrunsonmobiledevices?Breakdowntheseappsintoatleastthreebasic
categoriesandgiveanexampleofeach.
a.Therearevariouswaystoanswerthisquestion.Studentsshouldidentifythattherearemobileoperatingsystems
andmobileapps.Mostlikely,studentswillbreakdownmobileappsintomultiplecategories:games,GPS,reading,
communication,etc.
7.ExplainwhatanERPsystemdoes.
a.AnERP(enterpriseresourceplanning)systemisasoftwareapplicationwithacentralizeddatabasethatis
implementedacrosstheentireorganization.
8.Whatisopensourcesoftware?Howdoesitdifferfromclosedsourcesoftware?Giveanexampleofeach.
a.Opensourcesoftwareissoftwarethatmakesthesourcecodeavailableforanyonetocopyanduse.Itisfreeto
download,copy,anddistribute.Closedsourcesoftwaredoesnotmakethesourcecodeavailableandgenerallyis
notfreetodownload,copy,anddistribute.Therearemanyexamplesofboth,suchas:Firefox(opensource),Linux
(opensource),iTunes(closedsource),MicrosoftOffice(closedsource).
9.Whatdoesasoftwarelicensegrant?
a.Softwarelicensesarenotallthesame,butgenerallytheygranttheusertherighttousethesoftwareonalimited
basis.Thetermsofthelicensedictateusersrightsindetail.
10.HowdidtheY2K(year2000)problemaffectthesalesofERPsystems?
a.OrganizationspurchasedERPsoftwaretoreplacetheiroldersystemsinordertoavoidanyproblemswiththe
year2000intheirsoftware.
Chapter4
1.Whatisthedifferencebetweendata,information,andknowledge?
a.Dataaretherawbitsandpiecesoffactsandstatisticswithnocontext.Datacanbequantitativeorqualitative.
Informationisdatathathasbeengivencontext.Knowledgeisinformationthathasbeenaggregatedandanalyzed
andcanbeusedformakingdecisions.
2.Explaininyourownwordshowthedatacomponentrelatestothehardwareandsoftwarecomponentsofinformation
systems.
a.Therearenumerousanswerstothisquestion,butallshouldbevariationsonthefollowing:Dataisprocessedby
thehardwareviasoftware.Adatabaseissoftwarethatrunsonthehardware.Hardwarestoresthedata,software
processesthedata.
3.Whatisthedifferencebetweenquantitativedataandqualitativedata?Inwhatsituationscouldthenumber42be
consideredqualitativedata?
a.Quantitativedataisnumeric,theresultofameasurement,count,orsomeothermathematicalcalculation.
Qualitativedataisdescriptive.Thenumber42couldbequalitativeifitisadesignationinsteadofameasurement,
count,orcalculation.Forexample:thatplayersjerseyhasnumber42onit.
4.Whatarethecharacteristicsofarelationaldatabase?
a.Arelationaldatabaseisoneinwhichdataisorganizedintooneormoretables.Eachtablehasasetoffields,
whichdefinethenatureofthedatastoredinthetable.Arecordisoneinstanceofasetoffieldsinatable.Allthe
tablesarerelatedbyoneormorefieldsincommon.
5.WhenwouldusingapersonalDBMSmakesense?
a.Whenworkingonasmallerdatabaseforpersonaluse,orwhendisconnectedfromthenetwork.
6.Whatisthedifferencebetweenaspreadsheetandadatabase?Listthreedifferencesbetweenthem.
a.Adatabaseisgenerallymorepowerfulandcomplexthanaspreadsheet,withtheabilitytohandlemultipletypes
ofdataandlinkthemtogether.Somedifferences:Adatabasehasdefinedfieldtypes,aspreadsheetdoesnot.A
databaseusesastandardizedquerylanguage(suchasSQL),aspreadsheetdoesnot.Adatabasecanholdmuch
largeramountsofdatathanaspreadsheet.
7.Describewhatthetermnormalizationmeans.
a.Tonormalizeadatabasemeanstodesignitinawaythat:1)reducesduplicationofdatabetweentablesand2)
givesthetableasmuchflexibilityaspossible.
8.Whyisitimportanttodefinethedatatypeofafieldwhendesigningarelationaldatabase?
a.Adatatypetellsthedatabasewhatfunctionscanbeperformedwiththedata.Thesecondimportantreasonto
definethedatatypeissothattheproperamountofstoragespaceisallocatedforthedata.
9.Nameadatabaseyouinteractwithfrequently.Whatwouldsomeofthefieldnamesbe?
a.Thestudentcanchooseanysortofsystemthattheyinteractwith,suchasAmazonortheirschoolsonline
systems.Thefieldswouldbethenamesofdatabeingcollected,suchasfirstname,oraddress.
10.Whatismetadata?
a.Metadataisdataaboutdata.Itreferstothedatausedtodescribeotherdata,suchasthelengthofasongin
iTunes,whichdescribesthemusicfile.
11.Namethreeadvantagesofusingadatawarehouse.
a.Thetextliststhefollowing(thestudentshouldpickatleastthreeofthese):
i.Theprocessofdevelopingadatawarehouseforcesanorganizationtobetterunderstandthedatathatitis
currentlycollectingand,equallyimportant,whatdataisnotbeingcollected.
ii.Adatawarehouseprovidesacentralizedviewofalldatabeingcollectedacrosstheenterpriseand
providesameansofdeterminingdatathatisinconsistent.
iii.Oncealldataisidentifiedasconsistent,anorganizationcangenerateoneversionofthetruth.Thisis
importantwhenthecompanywantstoreportconsistentstatisticsaboutitself,suchasrevenueornumberof
employees.
iv.Byhavingadatawarehouse,snapshotsofdatacanbetakenovertime.Thiscreatesahistoricalrecordof
data,whichallowsforananalysisoftrends.
v.Adatawarehouseprovidestoolstocombinedata,whichcanprovidenewinformationandanalysis.
12.Whatisdatamining?
a.Dataminingistheprocessofanalyzingdatatofindpreviouslyunknowntrends,patterns,andassociationsin
ordertomakedecisions.
Chapter5
1.WhatwerethefirstfourlocationshookeduptotheInternet(ARPANET)?
a.UCLA,Stanford,MIT,andtheUniversityofUtah
2.Whatdoesthetermpacketmean?
a.ThefundamentalunitofdatatransmittedovertheInternet.Eachpackethasthesendersaddress,thedestination
address,asequencenumber,andapieceoftheoverallmessagetobesent.
3.Whichcamefirst,theInternetortheWorldWideWeb?
a.theInternet
4.WhatwasrevolutionaryaboutWeb2.0?
a.Anyonecouldpostcontenttotheweb,withouttheneedforunderstandingHTMLorwebservertechnology.
5.WhatwasthesocalledkillerappfortheInternet?
a.electronicmail(email)
6.Whatmakesaconnectionabroadbandconnection?
a.Abroadbandconnectionisdefinedasonethathasspeedsofatleast256,000bps.
7.WhatdoesthetermVoIPmean?
a.VoiceoverInternetprotocolawaytohavevoiceconversationsovertheInternet.
8.WhatisanLAN?
a.AnLANisalocalnetwork,usuallyoperatinginthesamebuildingoronthesamecampus.
9.Whatisthedifferencebetweenanintranetandanextranet?
a.Anintranetconsistsofthesetofwebpagesandresourcesavailableonacompanysinternalnetwork.These
itemsarenotavailabletothoseoutsideofthecompany.Anextranetisapartofthecompanysnetworkthatismade
availablesecurelytothoseoutsideofthecompany.Extranetscanbeusedtoallowcustomerstologinandcheck
thestatusoftheirorders,orforsupplierstochecktheircustomersinventorylevels.
10.WhatisMetcalfesLaw?
a.MetcalfesLawstatesthatthevalueofatelecommunicationsnetworkisproportionaltothesquareofthenumber
ofconnectedusersofthesystem.
Chapter6
1.Brieflydefineeachofthethreemembersoftheinformationsecuritytriad.
a.Thethreemembersareasfollows:
i.Confidentiality:wewanttobeabletorestrictaccesstothosewhoareallowedtoseegiveninformation.
ii.Integrity:theassurancethattheinformationbeingaccessedhasnotbeenalteredandtrulyrepresentswhat
isintended.
iii.Availability:informationcanbeaccessedandmodifiedbyanyoneauthorizedtodosoinanappropriate
timeframe.
2.Whatdoesthetermauthenticationmean?
a.Theprocessofensuringthatapersoniswhoheorsheclaimstobe.
3.Whatismultifactorauthentication?
a.Theuseofmorethanonemethodofauthentication.Themethodsare:somethingyouknow,somethingyouhave,
andsomethingyouare.
4.Whatisrolebasedaccesscontrol?
a.Withrolebasedaccesscontrol(RBAC),insteadofgivingspecificusersaccessrightstoaninformationresource,
usersareassignedtorolesandthenthoserolesareassignedtheaccess.
5.Whatisthepurposeofencryption?
a.Tokeeptransmitteddatasecretsothatonlythosewiththeproperkeycanreadit.
6.Whataretwogoodexamplesofacomplexpassword?
a.Therearemanyexamplesofthis.Studentsneedtoprovideexamplesofpasswordsthatareaminimumofeight
characters,withatleastoneuppercaseletter,onespecialcharacter,andonenumber.
7.Whatispretexting?
a.Pretextingoccurswhenanattackercallsahelpdeskorsecurityadministratorandpretendstobeaparticular
authorizeduserhavingtroubleloggingin.Then,byprovidingsomepersonalinformationabouttheauthorizeduser,
theattackerconvincesthesecuritypersontoresetthepasswordandtellhimwhatitis.
8.Whatarethecomponentsofagoodbackupplan?
a.Knowingwhatneedstobebackedup,regularbackupsofalldata,offsitestorageofallbackedupdata,anda
testoftherestorationprocess.
9.Whatisafirewall?
a.Afirewallcanbeeitherahardwarefirewallorasoftwarefirewall.Ahardwarefirewallisadevicethatis
connectedtothenetworkandfiltersthepacketsbasedonasetofrules.Asoftwarefirewallrunsontheoperating
systemandinterceptspacketsastheyarrivetoacomputer.
10.Whatdoesthetermphysicalsecuritymean?
a.Physicalsecurityistheprotectionoftheactualhardwareandnetworkingcomponentsthatstoreandtransmit
informationresources.
Chapter7
1.Whatistheproductivityparadox?
a.TheproductivityparadoxisbasedonErikBrynjolfssonsfinding,basedonresearchheconductedintheearly
1990s,thattheadditionofinformationtechnologytobusinesshadnotimprovedproductivityatall.
2.SummarizeCarrsargumentinDoesITMatter.
a.Informationtechnologyisnowacommodityandcannotbeusedtoprovideanorganizationwithcompetitive
advantage.
3.Howisthe2008studybyBrynjolfssonandMcAfeedifferentfrompreviousstudies?Howisitthesame?
a.ItisdifferentbecauseitshowsthatITcanbringacompetitiveadvantage,giventherightconditions.Itisthe
sameinthesensethatitshowsthatIT,byitself,doesnotbringcompetitiveadvantage.
4.Whatdoesitmeanforabusinesstohaveacompetitiveadvantage?
a.Acompanyissaidtohaveacompetitiveadvantageoveritsrivalswhenitisabletosustainprofitsthatexceed
averagefortheindustry.
5.Whataretheprimaryactivitiesandsupportactivitiesofthevaluechain?
a.Theprimaryactivitiesarethosethatdirectlyimpactthecreationofaproductorservice.Thesupportactivities
arethosethatsupporttheprimaryactivities.Primary:inboundlogistics,operations,outboundlogistics,
sales/marketing,andservice.Support:firminfrastructure,humanresources,technologydevelopment,and
procurement.
6.WhathasbeentheoverallimpactoftheInternetonindustryprofitability?Whohasbeenthetruewinner?
a.Theoverallimpacthasbeenareductioninaverageindustryprofitability.Theconsumerhasbeenthetruewinner.
7.HowdoesEDIwork?
a.EDIisthecomputertocomputerexchangeofbusinessdocumentsinastandardelectronicformatbetween
businesspartners.
8.Giveanexampleofasemistructureddecisionandexplainwhatinputswouldbenecessarytoprovideassistancein
makingthedecision.
a.Asemistructureddecisionisoneinwhichmostofthefactorsneededformakingthedecisionareknownbut
humanexperienceandotheroutsidefactorsmaystillplayarole.Thestudentshouldprovideanexampleofa
decisionthatusesaninformationsystemtoprovideinformationbutisnotmadebythesystem.Exampleswould
include:budgetingdecisions,diagnosingamedicalcondition,andinvestmentdecisions.
9.Whatdoesacollaborativeinformationsystemdo?
a.Acollaborativesystemissoftwarethatallowsmultipleuserstointeractonadocumentortopicinorderto
completeataskormakeadecision.
10.HowcanITplayaroleincompetitiveadvantage,accordingtothe2008articlebyBrynjolfssonandMcAfee?
a.ThearticlesuggeststhatITcaninfluencecompetitiveadvantagewhengoodmanagementdevelopsanddelivers
ITsupportedprocessinnovation.
Chapter8
1.Whatdoesthetermbusinessprocessmean?
a.Aprocessisaseriesoftasksthatarecompletedinordertoaccomplishagoal.Abusinessprocess,therefore,isa
processthatisfocusedonachievingagoalforabusiness.
2.Whatarethreeexamplesofbusinessprocessfromajobyouhavehadoranorganizationyouhaveobserved?
a.Studentscananswerthisinalmostanyway.Theexamplesshouldconsistofmorethanasinglestep.
3.Whatisthevalueindocumentingabusinessprocess?
a.Therearemanyanswerstothis.Fromthetext:itallowsforbettercontroloftheprocess,andforstandardization.
4.WhatisanERPsystem?HowdoesanERPsystemenforcebestpracticesforanorganization?
a.AnERP(enterpriseresourceplanning)systemisasoftwareapplicationwithacentralizeddatabasethatis
implementedacrosstheentireorganization.Itenforcesbestpracticesthroughthebusinessprocessesembeddedin
thesoftware.
5.WhatisoneofthecriticismsofERPsystems?
a.ERPsystemscanleadtothecommoditizationofbusinessprocesses,meaningthateverycompanythatusesan
ERPsystemwillperformbusinessprocessesthesameway.
6.Whatisbusinessprocessreengineering?Howisitdifferentfromincrementallyimprovingaprocess?
a.Businessprocessreengineering(BPR)occurswhenabusinessprocessisredesignedfromthegroundup.Itis
differentfromincrementallyimprovingaprocessinthatitdoesnotsimplytaketheexistingprocessandmodifyit.
7.WhydidBPRgetabadname?
a.BPRbecameanexcusetolayoffemployeesandtrytocompletethesameamountofworkusingfeweremployees.
8.Listtheguidelinesforredesigningabusinessprocess.
a.Theguidelinesareasfollows:
i.Organizearoundoutcomes,nottasks.
ii.Havethosewhousetheoutcomesoftheprocessperformtheprocess.
iii.Subsumeinformationprocessingworkintotherealworkthatproducestheinformation.Treat
geographicallydispersedresourcesasthoughtheywerecentralized.
iv.Linkparallelactivitiesinsteadofintegratingtheirresults.
v.Putthedecisionpointswheretheworkisperformed,andbuildcontrolsintotheprocess.
vi.Captureinformationonce,atthesource.
9.Whatisbusinessprocessmanagement?Whatroledoesitplayinallowingacompanytodifferentiateitself?
a.Businessprocessmanagement(BPM)canbethoughtofasanintentionalefforttoplan,document,implement,
anddistributeanorganizationsbusinessprocesseswiththesupportofinformationtechnology.Itcanplayarolein
differentiationthroughbuiltinreporting,andbyempoweringemployees,enforcingbestpractices,andenforcing
consistency.
10.WhatdoesISOcertificationsignify?
a.ISOcertificationshowsthatyouknowwhatyoudo,dowhatyousay,andhavedocumentedyourprocesses.
Chapter9
1.Describetheroleofasystemsanalyst.
a.Tounderstandbusinessrequirementsandtranslatethemintotherequirementsofaninformationsystem.
2.Whataresomeofthedifferentrolesforacomputerengineer?
a.hardwareengineer,softwareengineer,networkengineer,systemsengineer
3.Whatarethedutiesofacomputeroperator?
a.Dutiesincludekeepingtheoperatingsystemsuptodate,ensuringavailablememoryanddiskstorage,and
overseeingthephysicalenvironmentofthecomputer.
4.WhatdoestheCIOdo?
a.TheCIOalignstheplansandoperationsoftheinformationsystemswiththestrategicgoalsoftheorganization.
Thisincludestaskssuchasbudgeting,strategicplanning,andpersonneldecisionsrelevanttotheinformation
systemsfunction.
5.Describethejobofaprojectmanager.
a.Aprojectmanagerisresponsibleforkeepingprojectsontimeandonbudget.Thispersonworkswiththe
stakeholdersoftheprojecttokeeptheteamorganizedandcommunicatesthestatusoftheprojecttomanagement.
6.Explainthepointofhavingtwodifferentcareerpathsininformationsystems.
a.Toallowforcareergrowthforthosewhodonotwanttomanageotheremployeesbutinsteadwanttofocuson
technicalskills.
7.WhataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofcentralizingtheITfunction?
a.Thereareseveralpossibleanswershere.Advantagesofcentralizingincludemorecontroloverthecompanys
systemsanddata.DisadvantagesincludeamorelimitedavailabilityofITresources.
8.Whatimpacthasinformationtechnologyhadonthewaycompaniesareorganized?
a.Theorganizationalstructurehasbeenflattened,withfewerlayersofmanagement.
9.Whatarethefivetypesofinformationsystemsusers?
a.innovators,earlyadopters,earlymajority,latemajority,laggards
10.Whywouldanorganizationoutsource?
a.Becauseitneedsaspecificskillforalimitedamountoftime,and/orbecauseitcancutcostsbyoutsourcing.
Chapter10
1.WhatarethestepsintheSDLCmethodology?
a.ThestepsarePreliminaryAnalysis,SystemAnalysis,SystemDesign,Programming,Testing,Implementation,and
Maintenance.
2.WhatisRADsoftwaredevelopment?
a.Rapidapplicationdevelopment(RAD)isasoftwaredevelopment(orsystemsdevelopment)methodologythat
focusesonquicklybuildingaworkingmodelofthesoftware,gettingfeedbackfromusers,andthenusingthat
feedbacktoupdatetheworkingmodel.
3.Whatmakestheleanmethodologyunique?
a.Thebiggestdifferencebetweentheleanmethodologyandtheothermethodologiesisthatthefullsetof
requirementsforthesystemisnotknownwhentheprojectislaunched.
4.Whatarethreedifferencesbetweensecondgenerationandthirdgenerationlanguages?
a.Threekeydifferencesareasfollows:
i.Thewordsusedinthelanguage:thirdgenerationlanguagesusemoreEnglishlikewordsthansecond
generationlanguages.
ii.Hardwarespecificity:thirdgenerationlanguagesarenotspecifictohardware,secondgeneration
languagesare.
iii.Learningcurve:thirdgenerationlanguagesareeasiertolearnanduse.
5.Whywouldanorganizationconsiderbuildingitsownsoftwareapplicationifitischeapertobuyone?
a.Theymaywishtobuildtheirowninordertohavesomethingthatisunique(differentfromtheircompetitors),
and/orsomethingthatmorecloselymatchestheirbusinessprocesses.Theyalsomaychoosetodothisiftheyhave
moretimeand/ormoremoneyavailabletodoit.
6.Whatisresponsivedesign?
a.Responsivedesignisamethodofdevelopingwebsitesthatallowsthemtobeviewedonmanydifferenttypesof
deviceswithoutlosingcapabilityoreffectiveness.Witharesponsivewebsite,imagesresizethemselvesbasedonthe
sizeofthedevicesscreen,andtextflowsandsizesitselfproperlyforoptimalviewing.
7.WhatistherelationshipbetweenHTMLandCSSinwebsitedesign?
a.WhileHTMLisusedtodefinethecomponentsofawebpage,cascadingstylesheets(CSS)areusedtodefinethe
stylesofthecomponentsonapage.
8.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthepilotimplementationmethodologyandtheparallelimplementationmethodology?
a.Thepilotmethodologyimplementsnewsoftwareforjustonegroupofpeoplewhiletherestoftheusersusethe
previousversionofthesoftware.Theparallelimplementationmethodologyusesboththeoldandthenew
applicationsatthesametime.
9.Whatischangemanagement?
a.Theoversightofthechangesbroughtaboutinanorganization.
10.Whatarethefourdifferentimplementationmethodologies?
a.directcutover,pilot,parallel,phased
Chapter11
1.Whatdoesthetermglobalizationmean?
a.Globalizationreferstotheintegrationofgoods,services,andculturesamongthenationsoftheworld.
2.HowdoesFriedmandefinethethreeerasofglobalization?
a.Thethreeerasareasfollows:
i.Globalization1.0occurredfrom1492untilabout1800.Inthisera,globalizationwascenteredaround
countries.Itwasabouthowmuchhorsepower,windpower,andsteampoweracountryhadandhow
creativelyitwasdeployed.Theworldshrankfromsizelargetosizemedium.
ii.Globalization2.0occurredfromabout1800until2000,interruptedonlybythetwoWorldWars.Inthis
era,thedynamicforcedrivingchangewascomprisedofmultinationalcompanies.Theworldshrankfrom
sizemediumtosizesmall.
iii.Globalization3.0isourcurrentera,beginningintheyear2000.Theconvergenceofthepersonal
computer,fiberopticInternetconnections,andsoftwarehascreatedaflatworldplatformthatallows
smallgroupsandevenindividualstogoglobal.Theworldhasshrunkfromsizesmalltosizetiny.
3.Whichtechnologieshavehadthebiggesteffectonglobalization?
a.Thereareseveralanswerstothis.ProbablythemostobviousaretheInternet,thegraphicalinterfaceofWindows
andtheWorldWideWeb,andworkflowsoftware.
4.Whataresomeoftheadvantagesbroughtaboutbyglobalization?
a.Advantagesincludetheabilitytolocateexpertiseandlaboraroundtheworld,theabilitytooperate24hoursa
day,andalargermarketforproducts.
5.Whatarethechallengesofglobalization?
a.Challengesincludeinfrastructuredifferences,laborlawsandregulations,legalrestrictions,anddifferent
languages,customs,andpreferences.
6.Whatdoesthetermdigitaldividemean?
a.Theseparationbetweenthosewhohaveaccesstotheglobalnetworkandthosewhodonot.Thedigitaldivide
canoccurbetweencountries,regions,orevenneighborhoods.
7.WhatareJakobNielsensthreestagesofthedigitaldivide?
a.economic,usability,andempowerment
8.WhatwasoneofthekeypointsofTheRiseoftheNetworkSociety?
a.Therearetwokeypointstochoosefrom.Oneisthateconomicactivitywas,whenthebookwaspublishedin
1996,beingorganizedaroundthenetworksthatthenewtelecommunicationtechnologieshadprovided.Theotheris
thatthisnew,globaleconomicactivitywasdifferentfromthepast,becauseitisaneconomywiththecapacityto
workasaunitinrealtimeonaplanetaryscale.
9.WhichcountryhasthehighestaverageInternetspeed?Howdoesyourcountrycompare?
a.Accordingtothechartinthechapter,SouthKoreahasthehighestInternetspeeds.Studentswillneedtolookup
theirowntocompare.
10.WhatistheOLPCproject?Hasitbeensuccessful?
a.OneLaptopPerChild.Bymostmeasures,ithasnotbeenasuccessfulprogram.
Chapter12
1.Whatdoestheterminformationsystemsethicsmean?
a.Therearevariouswaysofansweringthisquestion,buttheanswershouldincludesomethingaboutthe
applicationofethicstothenewcapabilitiesandculturalnormsbroughtaboutbyinformationtechnology.
2.Whatisacodeofethics?Whatisoneadvantageandonedisadvantageofacodeofethics?
a.Acodeofethicsisadocumentthatoutlinesasetofacceptablebehaviorsforaprofessionalorsocialgroup.
Answersmaydifferforthesecondpart,butfromthetext:oneadvantageofacodeofethicsisthatitclarifiesthe
acceptablestandardsofbehaviorforaprofessionalgroup.Onedisadvantageisthatitdoesnotnecessarilyhave
legalauthority.
3.Whatdoesthetermintellectualpropertymean?Giveanexample.
a.Intellectualpropertyisdefinedasproperty(asanidea,invention,orprocess)thatderivesfromtheworkofthe
mindorintellect.
4.Whatprotectionsareprovidedbyacopyright?Howdoyouobtainone?
a.Copyrightprotectionsaddressthefollowing:whocanmakecopiesofthework,whocanmakederivativeworks
fromtheoriginalwork,whocanperformtheworkpublicly,whocandisplaytheworkpublicly,andwhocan
distributethework.Youobtainacopyrightassoonastheworkisputintotangibleform.
5.Whatisfairuse?
a.Fairuseisalimitationoncopyrightlawthatallowsfortheuseofprotectedworkswithoutpriorauthorizationin
specificcases.
6.Whatprotectionsareprovidedbyapatent?Howdoyouobtainone?
a.Onceapatentisgranted,itprovidestheinventorwithprotectionfromothersinfringingonthepatent.IntheUS,
apatentholderhastherighttoexcludeothersfrommaking,using,offeringforsale,orsellingtheinvention
throughouttheUnitedStatesorimportingtheinventionintotheUnitedStatesforalimitedtimeinexchangefor
publicdisclosureoftheinventionwhenthepatentisgranted.Youobtainapatentbyfilinganapplicationwiththe
patentoffice.Apatentwillbegrantediftheworkisdeemedtobeoriginal,useful,andnonobvious.
7.Whatdoesatrademarkprotect?Howdoyouobtainone?
a.Atrademarkprotectsaword,phrase,logo,shape,orsoundthatidentifiesasourceofgoodsorservices.Youcan
obtainonebyregisteringwiththePatentandTrademarkOffice(US).Thereisalsoacommonlawtrademark.
8.Whatdoesthetermpersonallyidentifiableinformationmean?
a.Informationaboutapersonthatcanbeusedtouniquelyestablishthatpersonsidentityiscalledpersonally
identifiableinformation,orPII.
9.WhatprotectionsareprovidedbyHIPAA,COPPA,andFERPA?
a.Theanswersareasfollows:
i.HIPAA:protectsrecordsrelatedtohealthcareasaspecialclassofpersonallyidentifiableinformation.
ii.COPPA:protectsinformationcollectedfromchildrenundertheageofthirteen.
iii.FERPA:protectsstudenteducationalrecords.
10.HowwouldyouexplaintheconceptofNORA?
a.Therearevariouswaystoanswerthis.ThebasicansweristhatNORA(nonobviousrelationshipawareness)is
theprocessofcollectinglargequantitiesofavarietyofinformationandthencombiningittocreateprofilesof
individuals.
Chapter13
1.WhichcountriesarethebiggestusersoftheInternet?Socialmedia?Mobile?
a.Studentswillneedtolookoutsidethetextforthis,asitchangesallthetime.Therearealsodifferentwaysof
measurement:numberofusers,%ofpopulation,mostactiveusers,etc.SomegoodsitestouseareInternetWorld
Stats,Kissmetrics,andtheWorldBank.
2.WhichcountryhadthelargestInternetgrowth(in%)between2008and2012?
a.Iran,at205%
3.HowwillmostpeopleconnecttotheInternetinthefuture?
a.viamobiledevices
4.Whataretwodifferentapplicationsofwearabletechnologies?
a.TherearemanyanswerstothisquestiontwoexamplesareGoogleGlassandJawboneUP.
5.Whataretwodifferentapplicationsofcollaborativetechnologies?
a.Therearemanyanswerstothistwoexamplesaresoftwarethatroutesustoourdestinationintheshortest
amountoftime,andwebsitesthatreviewdifferentcompanies.
6.Whatcapabilitiesdoprintabletechnologieshave?
a.Using3Dprinters,designerscanquicklytestprototypesorbuildsomethingasaproofofconcept.Printable
technologiesalsomakeitpossibletobringmanufacturingtothedesktopcomputer.
7.Howwilladvancesinwirelesstechnologiesandsensorsmakeobjectsfindable?
a.Advancesinwirelesstechnologiesandsensorswillallowphysicalobjectstosendandreceivedataabout
themselves.
8.Whatisenhancedsituationalawareness?
a.Datafromlargenumbersofsensorscangivedecisionmakersaheightenedawarenessofrealtimeevents,
particularlywhenthesensorsareusedwithadvanceddisplayorvisualizationtechnologies.
9.Whatisananobot?
a.Ananobotisarobotwhosecomponentsareonthescaleofaboutananometer.
10.WhatisaUAV?
a.Anunmannedaerialvehicleasmallairplaneorhelicopterthatcanflywithoutapilot.UAVsarerunby
computerorremotecontrol.