Chapter 1:

Engineering, Technology &

Development

1-4 New advances in world of

engineering and technology.
Chapter 1 Engineering, Technology and Development

History of Engineering and Technology. Role of engineering and technology as indicators of

development. The contribution of Government in the deployment of engineering and
technology for economic development. New advances in world of engineering and
technology.
 Contents
Advances in Engineering and
Technology
The Needs of Present and Future
Generations
Protecting the Environment
Science and Technology

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 Advances in Engineering and
Technology
Advanced manufacturing involves the
use of technology to improve products
and/or processes.
What does this mean?
What are the needs of the present?

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 Advances in Engineering and
Technology

Advanced engineering centres upon

improving the performance of industry
through the innovative application of
technologies, processes and methods to
product design and production

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 Example of new advances in world of
engineering and technology

CMM ( coordinate measuring system ) this is an instrument used to measure every possible
physical geometry of a 3D object. Its something like drafting machine converting this 3D
object into 2D data form which can be later taken for further analysis or for making a mold.

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 Example of new advances in world of
engineering and technology

Reverse engineering : Its the method of studying an already available model by disassembling
them. This is done to get some useful information about an object. Currently reverse
engineering is also possible using computers.

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 Example of new advances in world of
engineering and technology

Machine vision: Its a system which is used commonly in quality management area which uses
automatic inspection. The computer can scan every object passing through the conveyor belt
and check for right dimensions and quality.

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 Example of new advances in world of
engineering and technology

Automation in CNC or 3D printer using hydraulics with links and mechanisms. Hydraulics are
used because they are precise and don't have much mechanical losses. 3D printer is able to
produce products without wastage.
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 Example of new advances in world of
engineering and technology

Carnegie Mellon University's Chris Bettinger and Jay Whitacre found that cuttlefish ink provides
just the right chemistry and nanostructure to power tiny, ingested electronic devices.

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 Example of new advances in world of
engineering and technology

In the next 20 years, between 50 percent to 100 percent of the world's energy production
could come from solar.

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Example of new advances in world of
engineering and technology

Our personal life is highly dependent on the technology that people

have developed. Technology has advanced with years and it has
changed the way we live, communicate, travel, learn and so on. All have
been brought about by these continuous technological advancements.

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The needs of present and
future generations
Social
Equity
Participation
Empowerment
Social Mobility
Cultural Preservation

Economic Environment
Services Biodiversity
Household Needs Natural Resources
Industrial Growth Carrying Capacity
Agricultural Growth Ecosystem Integrity
Efficient Use of Labour Clean Air and Water

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Critical Needs of the Present
and Future Generations

Survey conducted
in Wales in 2013

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To meet Future Generations Needs

Efficient use of resources

water, material (metals, plastics, glass,
concrete)
Efficient infrastructures
natural lighting, ventilation, green buildings
Protection & enhancement of quality of life
Healthy environment
Creation of businesses in managing waste
waste management, recycling

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To meet Future Generations Needs

Biodiversity, waste management,

recycling
Use of alternative energy
Proper provision of environmental
education
Review of legal and policy

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 Protecting the Environment from
Advanced Technology Mishaps
People are working together to protect the
environment and using science and advanced
technology to improve living conditions around the
world.
The main questions are:
To what extent are people doing to protect the

environment?
What changes are recent advances in science
and technology that can safeguard the world?
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Protecting the Environment from
Advanced Technology Mishaps

Fukushima Nuclear Disaster March 11, 2011

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Protecting the Environment from
Advanced Technology Mishaps

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Protecting the Environment from
Advanced Technology Mishaps

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 Protecting the Environment
How do we balance growth and development with practices that will
help protect the resources and environments we all count on?

Resource Use Sustainable Development

Improved nutrition, medical treatment Economic development that does
have led to dramatic increase in not permanently damage
worlds population resources
1 billion to over 6 billion since 1800 Try to balance need for
development with protection of
Industrialization, development have
environment
placed great strain on worlds
resources, environment Limit use of resources
Major challenge: achieving Set aside areas where no
sustainable development development allowed

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 Protecting the Environment
The global environment has been seriously affected by pollution.
Human beings have always polluted their environments, but pollution
did not become a serious issue until the Industrial Revolution.
Threat How To Fight Global Warming
Revolution brought Countries cannot Could bring
new industrial agree on how best to disastrous changes in
processes fight pollution Earths climate
Created waste One debate, issue of Many scientists
products that harmed global warming believe air pollution
water, air, land caused by human
Rise in surface
activity has caused
By 1960s, began to temperature of earth
global warming
be threat to human over time
survival

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Laws and Problems
Environmental Laws
Some governments have taken
legal action against pollution,
global warming
Many nations do not have strict
pollution controls in place
United States has passed many
environmental laws but is one
of largest polluters
Some fear strict emissions
limits could harm economic
development
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Accidents
Even with environmental laws
in place, pollution, toxic waste
can be released due to
accidents at industrial facilities
1984, toxic gas leak at Indian
factory killed over 15,000,
injured a half-million more
1986, meltdown of Soviet
Unions Chernobyl nuclear plant
sent deadly radiation into air
over parts of Europe
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 Science and Technology
Advances in science, technology have greatly changed world in
recent years
New discoveries brought great benefits, raised new
questions, challenges
Space Exploration
Data from satellites, space shuttle missions have given
scientists new information about origins, development of
stars, galaxies, planets
Other data helping scientists understand earths climate
change
Development of new technologies from space experiments
Scratch-resistant eyeglass lenses

Farther-flying golf balls

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The Information Age
More Advances
Other advances in science, technology have led to great changes in way we
transmit, receive information
Exchange of information so important, some say this is Information Age
Instant Communication
Space satellites transmit signals for cell phone, satellite television
Personal computers, Internet link people, educational institutions,
businesses, governments; people work, shop, maintain friendships online
Digital Divide
Not all areas of world have joined Information Age
Difference in access to Internet and other information and communications
technologies called digital divide; obstacle many trying to overcome
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 Medicine and Genetic
Engineering
Great medical advances took place in years following World War II
Medicines, vaccines developed to prevent spread of contagious diseases,
treat physical, mental illness; techniques developed to transplant organs
Advances in ultrasound, laser, and computer technology allow doctors to
more easily treat human body
Genetics Altering Genetic Makeup
Developments in study of genes, Other biotechnology companies
heredity have led to rapid growth in genetically modify food plants
biotechnology, use of biological
Altering genetic makeup of plant,
research in industry
animal called genetic engineering
Some biotechnology companies
Plants can be hardier, more
manufacture vaccines to treat
productive than conventional
diseases
Grown where other crops struggle
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 Modified Crops
Green Revolution Food Production
Genetically modified plants part Scientists developing new types
of green revolution of wheat, rice, other food crops
Attempt by agricultural With enough water, fertilizer,
scientists to increase worlds pesticides, modified crops
food production produce more than unmodified

Advocates Concerns
Believe genetically modified Genetically modified crops
crops can reduce pesticide use might have harmful effects on
Say farmers will make more humans, environment
money on crops Could see possible reduction of
genetic diversity
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 Human Genetics
Cloning Possibilities, Questions
Another use of genetic Cloning offers possibilities for
engineering being debated, improving livestock, medical
cloning research
Process of creating identical Presents serious moral, ethical,
organisms from a cell of original legal questions
organism

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