National Police Library Reading List

Whats New in the National Police Library June 2014
National Police Library

College of Policing
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Bramshill,
Hook,
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RG27 0JW
Tel: +44 (0)1256 602650
Email: library@college.pnn.police.uk
Registered members of the National Police Library may borrow any of the material
listed below, please cut and paste details and request by email from
Library@college.pnn.police.uk.
Please note that copyright rules apply to selections made from Whats New only 1
article per issue may be supplied. Signed Copyright Declarations must be
submitted in advance of the supply of copies
Did you know
We have begun to make more full text available via connection to the Internet
through the Police National Network. Journal articles indexed in our catalogue which
are available in this way are flagged Link to full text (via PNN).
In addition, you can search other databases and retrieve full text via a PNN internet
connection from:
ProQuest: covers education, political science, social science and sociology.
It searches 10 databases with thousands of full text journals.
Emerald: covers leadership and business management, now with a growing content in
the social sciences, public policy and education.
It searches a portfolio of over 290 journals and 2,000 books and book series volumes.
Registered address: College of Policing Ltd, Leamington Road, Ryton-on-Dunsmore,

Coventry CV8 3EN. Registered number: 8235199
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Miscellaneous
Truncheons: an unequal match. An illustrated history of decorated

truncheons and tipstaves.
COOK, Alan C.
Colchester Alan C. Cook 2014 201p. illus., bibliog. 48.00
ISBN: 9780992817916
3DYH COO OUTSIZE
Along with the distinctive policemen's helmet the truncheon is one of the most
recognisable features of the British policeman. This book contains examples of English
and Welsh truncheons and tipstaves from the 1700s onwards. Some of the examples
included in the book are taken from the nearly 450 items that form the Bramshill
collection.
Information is beautiful. (New ed.)

MCCANDLESS, David
LONDON Collins 2012 255p. illus. 12.38
ISBN: 9780007492893
741.6 MCC
We are overwhelmed by information from many sources. This book is a visual guide
to how the world works, through stunning infographics and data visualisations. It
visualises data in a new way that blends facts with their connections, their context
and their relationships to make information meaningful, entertaining and beautiful.
Duwayne Brooks: I want closure for all of us.

PEARS, Elizabeth
Voice, No. 1619, 20-26 March 2014, p. 4-5.
Duwayne Brooks survived as a victim in the Stephen Lawrence attack, was the main
witness and a target of the Met's undercover unit. He is standing to become
Lewisham's mayor and talks about the upcoming public enquiry into undercover
policing.
London Metropolitan Police: experiences and perceptions of citizen

disrespect.
PIZIO, William
Police Practice and Research, Vol. 15 no. 3, April 2014, p.249-260.
Link to full text for College staff (via ATHENS)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2013.795743
Officers estimate that they experienced low-level verbally disrespectful behaviour
more often than physical acts of disrespect. They also estimated that they anticipated
and experienced disrespectful behaviors more often in potentially dangerous
encounters or where the citizen is under the influence of alcohol.
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Selecting witness protection officers: developing a test battery for

Australian police.
SEMRAD, Monica; VANAGS, Thea; BHULLAR, Navjot
Police Practice and Research, Vol. 15 no. 1, February 2014, p.6-16.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2012.710459
Analysis produced a 38-item behavioural observation scale (BOS) including: Policing
skills, Partition skills and Interpersonal skills. It claims the BOS represents a reliable
and valid tool for selecting WP officers.
Antisocial Behaviour
Planning to reduce the negative effects of the late night economy. Cardiff: a
case study.
BROWN, Jon
2014 6p., bibliog.
INTERNET RESOURCE
Link to full text http://library.college.police.uk/docs/late-night-economy-
2014.doc
This paper intends to set out the background and evidence of the links between the
late night economy and crime and disorder issues. It argues that a robust approach is
needed, through both the planning and licensing process if the negative cumulative
effects are to be addressed.
Determinants of complainant satisfaction with agency responses to anti-

social behaviour.
BROWN, Rick; EVANS, Emily
Crime Prevention and Community Safety, Vol. 16 no. 2, 2014, p.105-127.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/cpcs.2014.1
Finds a satisfaction rate of just over 50% for individuals complaining about anti-social
behaviour to either the police, a local authority or a social housing provider in one
English county in 2009/10. The helpfulness of agency staff and keeping complainants
informed of the progress of their case were found to be important in generating
outcome satisfaction.
What is antisocial behaviour? An empirical study of the impact of age on

interpretations.
HULLEY, Susie
Reports on a study in Greater London exploring interpretations of ASB among adults
and young people, showing that interpretations vary according to the age of the
person identifying the behaviour, as well as the age of the perceived victim and
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perpetrator. Adults are more likely to interpret behaviours as anti-social, particularly

those associated with young people.
What works and what does not work in reducing juvenile graffiti offending?
A comparison of changes that occurred in the frequency of persistent
graffitists' patterns of offending following the announcement of two
successive initiatives aimed at reducing graffiti proliferation.
TAYLOR, Myra F; KHAN, Umneea
This shows no significant decrease occurring in the interval gap (number of days)
between the recorded graffiti offences in the two years following the announcement of
the 2004 increased penalties initiative, but a significant change did occur in the
interval gap between the recorded graffiti offences in the 2 years following the
announcement of the 2007 report initiative.
Moving beyond the ASBO? A review of the proposed anti-social behaviour

measures and their implications for children.
WIGZELL, Alexandra
Safer Communities, Vol. 13 no. 2, 2014, p.73-82.
Link to full text (via PNN) http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/SC-09-2013-0019
Explores the anti-social behaviour (ASB) measures for under-18s contained in the
Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Bill, examining how they differ from the
current ASB framework and likely implications for young people and society.
Child Abuse
Contact, cigarette and flame burns in physical abuse: a systematic review.

KEMP, Alison M; MAGUIRE, Sabine A; LUMB, Rebecca C; HARRIS, Stacey; MANN,
Mala K
Child Abuse Review, Vol. 23 no. 1, 2014, p.35-47.
Link to full text for College staff (via ATHENS) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/car.2278
This review looked at 20 studies representing 73 children with intentional non-scald
burns. Most were contact burns from household items including: cigarettes (18), irons
(9), electric fires/heaters/radiators (10), cigarette lighters (2), hairdryers (7), curling
tongs (3), chemicals (3), microwaves (2) flame burns (7), miscellaneous (7) and
burns of unknown cause (5). The majority of children were older than three years.
They were predominantly recorded on the limbs, trunks and the backs of hands and
they were frequently multiple and co-existed with additional signs of abuse.
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To tell or not to tell? Factors influencing young people's informal disclosure

of child sexual abuse.
MCELVANEY, Rosaleen; GREENE, Sheila; HOGAN, Diane
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 29 no. 5, March 2014, p.928-947.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260513506281
In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 young people who
experienced child sexual abuse and 14 parents. The key factors identified as
influencing the disclosure process included being believed, being asked, shame/self-
blame, concern for self and others, and peer influence.
Community Policing
Situational crime prevention at nightclub entrances in Perth, Western

Australia: exploring micro-level crime precipitators.
COZENS, Paul; GRIEVE, Shane
This article explores the micro-level governance of nightclub entrances in Perth,
Western Australia. It uses observational data to investigate how different venues are
perceived and how excessive security measures may operate to precipitate crime?
Modeling isomorphism on policing innovation: the role of institutional

pressures in adopting community oriented policing.
BURRUSS, George W; GIBLIN, Matthew J
Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 60 no. 3, 2014, p.331-355.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128709340225
This article shows how centrist forces including publications, the professionalisation of
law enforcement and other law enforcement agencies shape the organizational
adoption of community-policing reforms.
Integrated theory of the practical application of 'governance-based policing'.

FERRANDINO, Joseph A
Policing: an International Journal, Vol. 37 no. 1, 2014, p.52-69.
Link to full text (via PNN) http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-06-2012-0050
This paper reviews the existing literature of community-oriented policing and finds
that it falls short in many areas because it represents a natural system orientation
and a technical-assistance approach to community development. It suggests that the
next stage of community policing requires an open system founded in the self-help
approach to community development and new governance principles.
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Building group capacity for problem solving and police community

partnerships through feedback and training: a randomized control trial
within Chicago's community policing program.
GRAZIANO, Lisa M; ROSENBAUM, Dennis P; SCHUCK, Amie M
Journal of Experimental Criminology, Vol. 10 no. 1, 2014, p.79-103.
Link to full text (via PNN) http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11292-012-9171-y
Full program implementation was hindered by officer resistance and a shift in
organizational priorities away from community policing. The beat meeting context
provided a traditional framework for policeresident interactions that precluded more
comprehensive use of community data and possibly heightened dissatisfaction with
the level of problem solving that occurred.
Differing services, rising expectations and greater demands. Patterns in

variations of police-public dynamics across areas with conventional and
community policing in India.
KUMAR, TK Vinod
This paper concludes that while community policing has great advantages over
conventional policing, it has the challenge of increasing expectation among the public
and diminishing impact of certain factors that are relevant in conventional police
service delivery mechanisms.
Support for community policing in India and the US: an exploratory study
among college students.
LAMBERT, Eric; WU, Yuning; Jiang, Shanhe; JAISHANKAR, Karuppannan;
PASUPULETI, Sudershan; BHIMARASETTY, Jagadish; SMITH, Brad
Indian respondents showed support for community policing associated with concern
for crime and support for aggressive policing, whereas police involvement in the
community had a negative association. Among the US respondents, age, educational
level, and perceptions of police effectiveness had positive associations with support
for community policing, and holding a punitive orientation had a negative association.
Are block watch volunteers different than volunteers in community-oriented

policing programs? Findings from a mature COPS setting.
RANDOL, Blake M; GAFFNEY, Michael
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2013.815386
A study in an urban U.S. Western city shows that race, victimization, and positive
attitudes toward the police are significant predictors of citizen participation in COP
programs, whereas income and perceptions of inadequate police services are
significant predictors of citizen participation in Block Watch programs. Contrary to
other findings in the literature, fear of crime and social cohesion were not significantly
associated with participation in either program.
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How much time should the police spend at crime hot spots? answers from a
police agency directed randomized field trial in Sacramento, California.
TELEP, Cody W.; MITCHELL, Rene J.; WEISBURD, David
Justice Quarterly.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2012.710645
Hot spots policing has been shown to be an effective strategy for reducing crime
across a number of rigorous evaluations, but despite this strong body of research,
there still exist gaps in our knowledge of how officers can best respond to hot spots.
We report on a randomized experiment in Sacramento, California that begins to
address these gaps by testing the recommendation from prior research that police
officers randomly rotate between hot spots, spending about 15?min patrolling in each.
Our results suggest significant overall declines in both calls for service and crime
incidents in the treatment hot spots relative to the controls. Additionally, the study
was carried out primarily by the Sacramento Police Department without any outside
funding. In an era of limited economic resources for policing, this experiment
suggests a model by which police agencies can take ownership of science and oversee
the implementation and evaluation of evidence-based interventions.
Community Safety
Sustaining the crime reduction impact of designing out crime: re-evaluating

the Secured by Design scheme 10 years on.
ARMITAGE, Rachel; MONCHUK, Leanne
Security Journal, Vol. 24 no. 4, 2011, p.320-343.
http://search.proquest.com/docview/893678386/58DFC390C427446CPQ/1?accountid=2686
1#
Secured by Design (SBD) is an award scheme that aims to encourage housing
developers to design out crime at the planning or concept stage. The scheme is
managed by the Association of Chief Police Officers Crime Reduction Initiatives (ACPO
CPI) while the day-to-day delivery of the scheme is conducted by Architectural Liaison
Officers (ALOs) or Crime Prevention Design Advisors (CPDAs) working for individual
police forces throughout the United Kingdom. The scheme sets standards for
compliance that developments must meet to be awarded SBD status. This article
presents the findings of research conducted over a 10-year period (1999-2009) into
the effectiveness of the SBD scheme as a crime reduction measure. Utilising a variety
of methods, the research aims to establish whether residents living within SBD
developments experience less crime and fear of crime than their non-SBD
counterparts; whether SBD developments show less visual signs of crime and disorder
than their non-SBD counterparts; and finally, whether properties built to the SBD
standard are able to sustain any crime reduction benefits over a 10-year period.
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Police-monitored CCTV cameras in Newark, NJ: a quasi-experimental test of

crime deterrence.
CAPLAN, Joel M.; KENNEDY, Leslie W.; PETROSSIAN, Gohar
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11292-011-9125-9
This article presents a test of the crime-deterrent effect of police-monitored street-
viewing CCTV cameras using viewsheds of areas that were visible by cameras via
direct line-of-sight and that were digitized using easily replicable methods, Google
Maps, and standard GIS tools. A quasi-experimental research design, using camera
installation sites and randomly selected control sites, assessed the impact of CCTV on
the crimes of shootings, auto thefts, and thefts from autos in Newark, NJ, for 13
months before and after camera installation dates. Strategically-placed cameras were
not any different from randomly-placed cameras at deterring crime within their
viewsheds; there were statistically significant reductions in auto thefts within
viewsheds after camera installations; there were significant improvements to location
quotient values for shootings and auto thefts after camera installations. There was no
significant displacement and there was a small diffusion of benefits, which was
greater for auto thefts than shootings. The system of cameras in Newark is not as
efficient as it could be at deterring certain street crimes; some camera locations are
significantly more effective than others. Results of a system-wide evaluation of CCTV
cameras should not be the only basis for endorsing or contesting the use of CCTV
cameras for crime control or prevention within a city. Future research should test
whether the effectiveness of CCTV cameras are dependent upon the micro-level
attributes of environments within which they are installed.
Looking beyond the 'rural idyll': some recent trends in rural crime.
JONES, Jane
Criminal Justice Matters, No. 89, September 2012, p.8-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09627251.2012.721964
Describes recent trends in the theft of livestock and agricultural machinery in the
countryside.
Policing farm crime in England and Wales.

JONES, Jane; PHIPPS, Jen
2012 22p., bibliog.
INTERNET RESOURCE
Link to full text http://library.college.police.uk/docs/Farm-crime-Jones-2012.pdf
Farm crime is a relatively neglected area of research in the criminological literature.
Some work has been conducted in the United States and Australia, however, little
attention has been paid to the subject in the United Kingdom. There have however,
been recent concerns voiced about farm crime in England and Wales from both the
public and private service sector as well as across the media. This article has two
main aims: one, to ascertain why farm crime has recently emerged as a rural crime
issue, when up until now it has been relatively neglected by a broader rural crime and
governance framework and two, to consider how the policing of farm crime can
expect to fare in the future. The paper begins with a brief review of the existing farm
crime literature before situating its neglect in the United Kingdom within a broader
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rural crime and governance framework. Thereafter, the main focus moves onto the
policing of farm crime both in its current state and within the context of recent policy
developments in crime governance.
Computer Crimes
Third parties and cyber-crime policing in Nigeria: some reflections.

NDUBUEZE, Philip Nnameziri; IGBO, Emmanuel Uzodinma Mazindu
Policing: a journal of policy and practice, Vol. 8 no. 1, 2014, p.59-68.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pat034
Examines the nexus between third parties and cyber crime in Nigeria and concludes
that third parties can play an important role in the prevention and control of cyber
crime in Nigeria.
Digital evidence.
SLATER, Paul
Investigator, No. 1, 2014, p.45-47.
Discusses common mistakes that can lead to trip-up moments when presenting digital
evidence in court and presents a collaborative investigative lab methodology.
Confidence in the Police
Crime victims and attitudes towards the police: the Israeli case.
AVIV, Gali
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2013.874170
This study uses data from a community survey in Israel in 2008 and finds that
victims' attitudes towards the police are significantly more negative than non-victims
regarding police treatment performance and trust in the police.
Public support for vigilantism, confidence in police and police

responsiveness.
HAAS, Nicole E; de KEIJSER, Jan W
Policing and Society, Vol. 24 no. 2, 2014, p.224-241.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2013.784298
This study surveyed 385 people to assess public support for vigilantism using short
stories with varying police responsiveness (high/low) to crime as well as vigilante
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violence (high/low). Low police responsiveness and low vigilante violence led to more
support for vigilantism and citizens are sensitive to situational variation when judging
a crime. The findings emphasise the importance of police action on a local level for
the formation of public opinion.
Patrol officers and public reassurance: a comparative evaluation of police

officers, PCSOs, ACSOs and private security guards.
ROWLAND, Richard; COUPE, Timothy
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2013.784300
502 shoppers were interviewed at five shopping malls in Southern England. Using
photographs, most correctly identified the police officer and the PCSO, whereas fewer
recognised the Accredited Safety Officer (ACSO) and private security guard. Police
officers instilled the greatest feelings of safety, well above PCSOs, who, in turn, were
rated above security guards and ACSOs. Police officers also generated the most
worries, especially among young women. Police officers emit control signals that
have stronger positive effects on reassurance, reflecting correct identification
combined with established regard and confidence. Patrol officers who were not police
officer provided weaker control signals. Correct identification made less difference to
reassurance they provided, especially for security guards. Police officers appear to be
as cost-effective as PCSOs, though far less so than private security officers.
Successful reassurance policing depends on who carries out the policing as well as
what is policed.
Russian citizens' perceptions of corruption and trust of the police.

SEMUKHINA, Olga; REYNOLDS, K Michael
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2013.784290
Russian citizens' perception of the police has been consistently overwhelmingly
negative since 1991. This study found experiences with corruption had significant
negative correlations with police trust. Trust was found to be independent of social
class position. Bribery and abuse of power had significant co-variations with unfair
treatment. Citizens actively avoid any police contact and their perceptions appear to
be predominately influenced by a lack of institutional trust.
Public trust in the police in Taiwan: a test of instrumental and expressive

models.
SUN, Ivan Y; JOU, Susyan; HOU, Charles C; CHANG, Yao-chung
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, Vol. 47 no. 1, 2014, p.123-140.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865813489306
Using survey data collected from three cities and two counties in 2010, this study
showed that the Taiwanese tended to conflate procedural-based and outcome-based
trust. Both the instrumental model (concerns about safety) and the expressive model
(trust in neighbours and perceived quality of life) were significantly linked to
Taiwanese trust in the police. Satisfaction with government performance and media
influence were also predictive of police trustworthiness.
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Trust no matter what? Citizens' perception of the police 1 year after the
terror attacks in Norway.
THOMASSEN, Gunnar; STRYPE, Jon; EGGE, Marit
Investigates the extent to which trust in the police was affected on 22 July 2011,
using survey data collected both prior to and after the terror attacks. It finds that
trust in the police rose significantly in the immediate aftermath, but then returned to
pre-terror levels within a year. Moreover, trust in the police has not fallen below pre-
terror levels despite strong criticism in the heavily publicised July 22nd commission
report. This suggests a deep-seated belief in the willingness and ability of the
authorities to address and correct dysfunction in the police organisation.
Public confidence in policing: the effectiveness of a strategic informing

strategy on confidence in a high crime area.
WHEATCROFT, Jacqueline M
2009 4p. figs.
INTERNET RESOURCE
Link to full text http://library.college.police.uk/docs/Public-confidence-in-
policing-Wheatcroft-2009.pdf
Public confidence in the police is measured by the British Crime Survey (BCS), which
has shown a recent rise in the level of public confidence shown in the police, from
48% in 2003/04, to 53% in 2007/08; though it still remains lower than it once was. A
number of factors are thought to influence public confidence in the police, such as,
the legitimacy of the police, public fear of crime and socio-demographic factors. For
example, gender, race and age. Clearly, it is important to the police, if they are to
help the public in assisting in the prevention of crime and to comply with the law, if
that public has confidence the service provided
by the police. As an operational priority, the Bolton Be Safe Strategic Partnership
aims to improve public confidence through a framework for improvement based on
community engagement and, specifically, through the provision of information to the
public via the distribution of community newsletters. This study explored the
effectiveness of the strategy in association with a number of socio-demographic
factors.
Race/ethnicity and perceptions of the police: a comparison of White, Black,

Asian and Hispanic Americans.
WU, Yuning
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2013.784288
Results reveal both majorityminority and inter-minority variations in attitudes
towards police, suggesting that a single vertical scale of attitudes is not sufficient to
describe the complexity of different racial/ethnic groups' perceptions of multiple
aspects of policing. A range of individual demographic, police- and crime-related, and
neighbourhood structural and cultural factors influence public perceptions of the
police. Educational attainment and employment have negative effects on public
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satisfaction with the police. Police visibility is associated with greater satisfaction with
police problem-solving.
Crime Analysis
New South Wales property crime decline.

CLANCEY, Garner; LULHAM, Rohan
Current Issues in Criminal Justice, Vol. 25 no. 3, March 2014, p.839-851.
Falls of 60-70%in the burglary, motor vehicle theft and different forms of robbery
occurred between 2000 and 2013 in New South Wales, Australia. This paper reviews
some of the explanations for this fall.
Kernel density estimation and hotspot mapping: examining the influence of

interpolation method, grid cell size and bandwidth on crime forecasting.
HART, Timothy; ZANDBERGEN, Paul
Results show that interpolation method has a considerable effect on predictive
accuracy, grid cell size has little to no effect, and bandwidth has some effect.
Ripping up the map. Criminology and cartography reconsidered.

KINDYNIS
British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 54 no. 2, 2014, p.222-243.
Link to full text for College staff (via ATHENS) http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azt077
Traces the historical development of crime mapping and considers the emergence of
critical cartography and its implications for criminology
Thinking about the fall in crime.

MARLOW, Alan
Argues that the present means of recording conventional categories of crime fails to
identify newer crime types such as digital fraud and to a smaller extent the
victimisation of businesses and crimes committed by gangs.
Evaluation of CCTV in a car park using police and insurance data.

REID, Andrew A; ANDRESEN, Martin A
Link to full text for College staff (via ATHENS) http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/sj.2012.14
This research shows that there is little evidence of a significant drop in vehicle-related
crime that can be attributed to the CCTV system. It also shows that results are
dependent on the methods used for evaluation. A more commonly used method
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indicates a significant drop in vehicle-related crime, but the Authors consider this
method inappropriate.
Uncovering the spatial patterning of crimes: a criminal movement model

(CriMM).
REID, Andrew A; FRANK, Richard; IWANSKI, Natalia; DABBAGHIAN, Vahid;
BRANTINGHAM, Patricia
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 51 no. 2, March 2014, p.230-255.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427813483753
Results show that a great proportion of crimes tend to be located geographically near
to simulated travel paths, and thus lend support to Crime Pattern Theory and the idea
that there is an underlying pattern to crimes in crime neutral areas.
Racist crime reported to the police in Finland: comparison of register based

data and victimization survey.
SAHRAMAKI, I; NIEMI, J; KAARIAINEN, J
European Journal of Crime Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, Vol. 22 no. 1, 2014,
p.59-78.
Link to full text for College staff (via ATHENS) http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718174-
22012039
The results of the comparison indicate that only a small proportion of racist incidents
are reported to the Finnish police.
Law of concentrations of crime at place: the case of Tel Aviv-Jaffa.

WEISBURD, David; AMRAM, Shai
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2013.874169
Crime concentrations at street segments in 2010 were remarkably similar to those
observed in American cities - 1% of street segments produced 25% of crime; 4.5%
produced 50%.
Ordinary business: impacts on commercial and residential burglary.

YU, Sung-suk Violet; MAXFIELD, Michael G
Examines how a variety of ordinary businesses are associated with commercial and
residential burglary and identifies three characteristics: services locations (on-site or
off-site), volume of transactions (higher to lower) and clientele (neighbourhood or
beyond). Businesses which provide services on-site, are used frequently and are
serving neighbourhood residents displayed increased risk of victimization.
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Criminal Behaviour
Examining diffusion and arrest avoidance practices among Johns.

HOLT, Thomas J; BLEVINS, Kristie R; KUHNS, Joseph B
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128709347087
This article considers how offenders adapt to law enforcement strategies by using
various tactics to decrease the risk of detection in high and low visibility offending, as
well as the ways in which arrest avoidance practices are communicated between and
among offenders. This study uses a sample of posts from Web forums for the
customers of prostitutes in 10 cities in the United States to explore this.
Are arrested and non-arrested serial offenders different? A test of spatial

offending patterns using DNA found at crime scenes.
LAMMERS, Marre
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427813504097
No difference was found in the mean intercrime distance of offense locations between
the arrested and non-arrested offenders.
Framing and perceptions of stalking: the influence of conduct severity and

the perpetrator-target relationship.
SCOTT, Adrian J; RAJAKARUNA, Nikki; SHERIDAN, Lorraine
Psychology Crime and Law, Vol. 20 nos. 3-4, 2014, p.242-260.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2013.770856
In the context of stalking, perception research has often been framed in terms of
whether or not particular behaviours constitute stalking. This research found that the
framing of the opening question (question frame) was found to impact on the
classification of behaviour, with a greater proportion of participants indicating that the
behaviour represented harassment or stalking rather than an illegal act. Conduct
severity and the perpetratortarget relationship influenced perceptions of stalking,
however there was no evidence to suggest that the framing of the opening question
influenced these perceptions.
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Criminal Investigation
Building and maintaining rapport in investigative interviews.

ABBE, Allison; BRANDON, Susan E
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2013.827835
Identifies seven tactics for rapport building, such as nonverbal mimicry and self-
disclosure. It also considers potential trade-offs of rapport-building tactics, source
resistance, and the use of interpreters.
Effect of frame rate on the ability of experienced gait analysts to identify

characteristics of gait from closed circuit television footage.
BIRCH, Ivan; VERNON, Wesley; BURROW, Gordon; WALKER, Jeremy
Science and Justice, Vol. 54 no. 2, 2014, p.159-163.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13550306/54/2
This study shows that frame rate affects the ability of experienced practitioners to
identify characteristics of gait captured on CCTV footage. Every effort should
therefore be made to ensure that CCTV footage likely to be used in criminal
proceedings is captured at as high a frame rate as possible.
Investigative interviewing.
BULL, Ray
New York Springer Publishing 2014 245p. figs., tabs., bibliogs. 45.25
ISBN: 9781461496410
3EC BUL
International in scope, this book reviews the latest research on investigative
interviewing, providing insights on the psychology of suspects, victims, witnesses and
law enforcement officers, as well as offering guidelines for conducting credible and
useful interviews. Areas such as false confessions, and child interviewing are
highlighted and chapters focus on these areas to provide a theoretical, evidence-
based background, as well as practical considerations of interrogation settings and
procedures. Investigative interviewing of sex offenders, by WESTERA Nina J and
KEBBELL Mark R; Psychological processes underlying true and false confessions, by
HOUSTON Kate A, MEISSNER Christian A and EVANS Jacqueline R; Cops and kids in
the interrogation room, by FELD Barry C; Between investigator and suspect: the role
of the working alliance in investigative interviewing, by VANDERHALLEN Miet and
VERVAEKE Geert; Interview techniques in International Criminal Court and Tribunals,
by O'BRIEN Melanie and KEBBELL Mark; A training program for investigative
interviewing of children, by NAKA Makiko; Success within criminal investigations: is
communication still a key component? By O'NEILL Martin and MILNE Becky;
Investigative interviewing and training: the investigative interviewer apprentice, by
SMETS Lotte and RISPENS Imke; When in interviews to disclose information to
suspects and to challenge them? By BULL Ray; The inconsistent suspect: a systematic
review of different types of consistency in truth tellers and liars, by VREDEVELDT
15
Annelies, VAN KOPPEN Peter J and ANDERS GRANHAG Par; Human intelligence
interviewing and interrogation: assessing the challenges of developing an ethical,
evidence-based approach, by HARWIG Maria, MEISSNER Christian A and SEMEL
Matthew D; Prosecutors' perceptions on improving child witness interviews about
abuse, by BURROWS Kimberlee S and POWELL Martine B.
Prosecutors' recommendations for improving child witness statements about

sexual abuse.
BURROWS, Kimberlee Shannon; POWELL, Martine
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2013.784305
36 in-depth phone interviews were held with 19 trial prosecutors shortly before and
after trials. For each case, prosecutors were asked to provide feedback about the
strengths and limitations of the child witness interviews, along with suggestions for
how the interviews could have been improved. The areas for improvement include:
the need for tighter focus on the elements of the offence, better clarification of
inconsistencies and ambiguities in the account, and greater consideration of how the
child presents in the eyes of the jury.
Delay and age effects on identification accuracy and confidence: an

investigation using a video identification parade.
CLIFFORD, Brian R; HAVARD, Catriona; MEMON, Amina; GABBERT, Fiona
Applied Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 26 no. 1, 2012, p.130-139
2012 10p. bibliog.
3JHC CLI PAMPHLET
This paper considers 3 problems for both law and psychology in the area of
identification: Delay effects, confidence and children. 236 children (aged 7-8 or 13-
14-years-old) attempted identification from either target-present (TP) or target-
absent (TA) video parades, after either two days or two weeks, following exposure to
a live target. With TP line-ups correct identification was the most frequent response,
but with TA condition, the most frequent response was a false identification. The 3-
way interaction of delay, age and response was significant under both conditions.
Further analysis revealed that delay was the major contributor of variance, causing an
increase in errors for both age groups in TP delayed line-ups but only for the younger
age group in TA delayed line-ups. Confidence varied as a function of type of
identification response made, with the highest confidence being given to a correct
identification in a TP line-up. However, response confidence entered into a number of
interactions involving both delay and age.
16
Public perceptions of identification procedures in the United Kingdom.

DALTON, Gary; GAWRYLOWICZ, Julie; MEMON, Amina; MILNE, Rebecca; HORRY,
Ruth; WRIGHT, Daniel B
This research surveyed 448 members of the general population about their knowledge
of, and experience with, current identification procedures. Overall, the survey
revealed a general lack of understanding about current identification procedures in
the UK. Moreover, a number of misconceptions about the actual consequences of
witness identification decisions, and about practical aspects related to the
identification procedure were displayed.
Helping to sort the liars from the truth-tellers: the gradual revelation of
information during investigative interviews.
DANDO, Coral J; BULL, Ray; ORMEROD, Thomas C; SANDHAM, Alexandra L
Legal and Criminological Psychology, 2013.
Link to full text for College staff (via ATHENS) http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.12016
Research examining detection of verbal deception reveals that lay observers generally
perform at chance. Yet, in the criminal justice system, laypersons that have not
undergone specialist investigative training are frequently called upon to make veracity
judgements (e.g., solicitors; magistrates; juries). The authors of this article seek to
improve performance by manipulating the timing of information revelation during
investigative interviews. Findings suggest that the detection of verbal deception by
non-expert observers can be enhanced by employing interview techniques that
maximize deceivers cognitive load, while allowing truth-tellers the opportunity to
respond to evidence incrementally.
Working smarter on cold cases: identifying factors associated with

successful cold case investigations.
DAVIS, Robert C; JENSEN, Carl J; BURGETTE, Lane; BURNETT, Kathryn
Journal of Forensic Sciences, Vol. 59 no. 2, 2014, p.375-382.
This study reviewed 189 solved and unsolved cold cases in Washington, D.C., to
determine whether there are factors that can predict cold case solvability. In the
interviews, new information from witnesses or information from new witnesses was
cited as the most prevalent reason for case clearance.
Equipping witnesses with transferable skills: the self-administered

interview.
GAWRYLOWICZ, Julie; MEMON, Amina; SCOBORIA, Alan
Psychology Crime and Law, Vol. 20 nos. 3-4, 2014, p.315-325
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2013.777961
The findings suggest that the Self Administered Interview equips witnesses with
transferable skills they can use during future retrieval of new events.
17
Comparison of video and static photo lineups with child and adolescent
witnesses.
HARVARD, Catriona; MEMON, Amina; CLIFFORD, Brian; GABBERT, Fiona
Applied Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 24 no. 9, 2010, p.1209-1221.
2010 13p. bibliog.
3JHC HAV PAMPHLET
Video parades are the preferred method of identification employed in criminal cases in
the UK. This article examines the effect of new video technology on children's
identification evidence. 215 7-9 and 13-15-year olds witnessed a live event and then
after a delay of 2-3 days viewed a target present (TP), or target absent (TA) video or
photo lineup. With video and photo TP lineups, the correct response did not differ as a
function of age. Video lineups produced lower rates of false identifications for the TA
lineups, but only for adolescent witnesses. It is concluded that there is nothing
contra-indicated in the use of video identification procedures with children, and
possibly certain benefits can accrue from its use.
Influence of face age on identification from a video line up: a comparison

between older and younger adults.
HARVARD, Catriona; MEMON, Amina
Memory, Vol. 17 no. 8, 2009, p.847-859
2009 13p. bibliog.
3JEM HAV PAMPHLET
The aim of this study was to investigate own age bias in older (aged 61-83 years) and
younger (aged 18-35 years) adult witnesses. The participants viewed films of two
similar staged thefts, one depicting a young culprit and the other an older culprit.
After a short delay of 40-60 minutes witnesses were presented with two separate
video line-ups, one for each target. In one line-up the target was present (TP) and
the other the target was absent (TA). Older adults performed more poorly in target
present and absent line-ups, and showed no own-age bias, while young adults were
less likely to falsely identify a young adult from the TA line-ups.
Are children less reliable at making visual identifications than adults?: a

review.
HAVARD, Catriona
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2013.793334
The current paper reviews research that has investigated developmental differences
in lineup identification. A wealth of studies have shown that children can be as
accurate as adults when making a correct identification from a target present lineup
(TP), however children are more inclined to choose and thereby make a false
identification from a target absent (TA) lineup, as compared to adults. The literature
reviewed, suggests that the disparity between children's and adult's performances on
TA lineups is due to children being unable to resist the social demands to choose
someone from a lineup and/or the need to give a positive response. Employing a
silhouette within a lineup, that can be chosen if the target is not recognised, appears
to be the most successful technique for reducing false identifications made by child
witnesses. Including a silhouette as a part of a lineup, along with the lineup
administrator being attired in casual clothing, rather than a uniform, are two simple
measures that could make child witness identification evidence more reliable.
18
Mystery man can help reduce false identification for child witnesses:
evidence from video line-ups.
HAVARD, Catriona; MEMON, Amina
Applied Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 27 no. 1, 2013, p.50-59.
2013 10p. tabs., bibliog.
3JHC HAV PAMPHLET
It has been established that children as young as 5 years are as accurate as adults
when identifying a target from a target present (TP) line-up but make more false
identifications when shown a target absent (TA) line-up. This study asked children
aged 5-7 and 8-11 years to view a film of a staged theft and then, 1-2 days later,
showed them either a TP or TA video line-up. Half of the witnesses viewed line-ups
that included a 'mystery man' (a black silhouette with a white question mark), which
they could select if they did not recognize anyone from the line-up. When the
'mystery man' was present in the line-up, there were significantly fewer false
identifications for the TA line-ups.
Own-age bias in video lineups: a comparison between children and adults.

HAVARD, Catriona; MEMON, Amina; LAYBOURN, Phyllis; CUNNINGHAM, Clare
Psychology Crime and Law, Vol. 18 no. 10, 2012, p.929-944.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2011.598156
The present study investigated whether child (sixeight years of age) and adult
witnesses (1829 years of age) would exhibit an own-age bias when trying to identify
targets from video lineups. One hundred and eighty-six participants viewed two
filmed events that were identical, except one starred a child target and one a young
adult. After a delay of twothree days each witness saw a lineup for the child and
adult target. Children exhibited an own-age bias and were better at correctly
identifying the own-age target from a target-present (TP) lineup and made more
correct rejections for the own-age target-absent (TA) lineup. Adults however, showed
a reversed own-age bias for the TP lineups as they made more correct identifications
for the child target, but exhibited no bias for the TA lineups. The results suggest that
differences in identification accuracy may be due to whether witness age and suspect
age overlap.
Producing facial composite sketches in remote cognitive interviews: a

preliminary investigation.
KUIVANIEMI-SMITH, Heidi J; NASH, Robert; BRODIE, Eleanor R; MAHONEY, Gregory;
RYNN, Christopher
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2013.793339
The results suggest that remote interviews produced effective composites, however
these composites were considered poorer matches to the photographs than were
those produced in face-to-face interviews.
19
Identity-lineup location influences target selection: evidence from eye

movements.
MEGRYEA, Ahmed M; BINDEMANN, Markus; HAVARD, Catriona; BURTON, A Mike
Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, Vol. 27 no. 2, 2012, p.167-178.
Link to full text (via PNN) http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11896-011-9098-7
Eyewitnesses often have to recognize the perpetrators of an observed crime from
identity lineups. In the construction of these lineups, a decision must be made
concerning where a suspect should be placed, but whether location in a lineup affects
the identification of a perpetrator has received little attention. This study explored this
problem with a face-matching task, in which observers decided if pairs of faces depict
the same person or two different people (Experiment 1), and with a lineup task in
which the presence of a target had to be detected in an identity parade of five faces
(Experiment 2). In addition, this study also explored if high accuracy is related to a
perceptual pop-out effect, whereby the target is detected rapidly among the lineup. In
both experiments, observers eye movements revealed that location determines the
order in which people were viewed, whereby faces on the left side were consistently
viewed first. This location effect was reflected also in observers responses, so that a
foil face on the left side of a lineup display was more likely to be misidentified as the
target. However, identification accuracy was not related to a pop-out effect. The
implications of these findings are discussed.
Silence in suspicious circumstances.

OWUSU-BEMPAH, Abenaa
Criminal Law Review, No. 2, 2014, p.126-135.
This article clarifies the significance of ss.36 and 37, starting with a brief overview of
the provisions, and examines: the requirement to "account" for suspicious
circumstances; the relevance of the defence case put forward at trial; the absence of
a reasonableness requirement; and the relevance of legal advice.
Are individuals' familiarity judgments diagnostic of prior contact?

PEZDEC, Kathy; STOLZENBERG, Stacia
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2013.772181
This research found that although individuals' familiarity judgments were diagnostic of
prior contact, accuracy was low, rendering an eyewitness's report of having seen a
perpetrator casually in the past of limited forensic value.
Collaborative approach for incorporating forensic case data into crime

investigation using criminal intelligence analysis and visualisation.
ROSSI, Quentin; RIBAUX, Olivier
in a collaborative framework, different kinds of visualisations integrating forensic case
data can play a central role for supporting decisions. Link-charts are scrutinised for
their ability to structure and help analysis of a case by describing how relevant
entities are connected. Designing an informative chart that does not bias the
20
reasoning process is not straightforward. Using visualisation as a catalyser for a

collaborative approach integrating forensic data thus calls for better specifications.
Critical review in criminal investigations: evaluation of a measure to prevent

tunnel vision.
SALET, Renze; TERPSTRA, Jan
In 2006, critical review procedures were introduced in the Dutch police to prevent
tunnel vision in criminal investigation. Five years after its introduction, an empirical
study has shown that the way the reviews are organized and implemented is
extremely variable. The reviewers are faced with the fundamental dilemma of
closeness versus distance in their relations with the investigation team. In practice,
critical reviewers often concentrate not only on the reduction and prevention of tunnel
vision, but also enhancing the quality of the criminal investigation. The critical review
concept appears to have had modest beneficial effects on the criminal investigation
process.
Detecting concealed information: the role of individual differences in

executive functions and social desirability.
VISU-PETRA, George; MICLEA, Mircea; BUS, Ioan; VISU-PETRA, Laura
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2012.736509
Individual differences in shifting and spatial working memory were significant
predictors of the extra-time taken to lie, compare to truth-telling. No significant
relations between deception outcomes and personality measures were noted. Looking
at social desirability, the Impression Management scale predicted a further portion of
variance in the extra time required to lie, beyond the contribution of executive
functions. The use of an individual differences approach to deception is
recommended.
Effectiveness of eye-closure in repeated interviews.

VREDEVELDT, Annelies; BADDELEY, Alan; HITCH, Graham
Legal and Criminological Psychology, 2013.
Link to full text for College staff (via ATHENS) http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.12013
Closing the eyes during recall can help witnesses remember more about a witnessed
event. This study examined the effectiveness of eye-closure in a repeated recall
paradigm with immediate free recall followed 1 week later by both free and cued
recall. It examined whether eye-closure was more or less effective during the second
free recall attempt compared with the first, whether eye-closure during the first recall
attempt had an impact on subsequent free- and cued-recall performance, and
whether eye-closure during the second free recall could facilitate the recall of new,
previously unreported, information (reminiscence).
21
On the power of secondary confession evidence.

WETMORE, Stacy Ann; NEUSCHATZ, Jeffrey S; GRONLUND, Scott D
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2013.777963
The findings suggest that secondary confessions are a powerful and potentially
dangerous form of evidence.
Performances of eye witnesses with intellectual disabilities on photographic

identification line-ups.
WILCOCK, Rachel; HENRY, Lucy
International Journal of Disability Development and Education, Vol. 60 no.1, 2013,
p.44-52.
3JH WIL PAMPHLET
This study examines the identification performance of adults both with and without
intellectual disabilities (ID) on both a perpetrator present and a perpetrator absent
photographic line-up. It investigates potential difficulties such as face recognition
performance, eyewitness confidence, understanding the purpose of a line-up and
memory for non-biased line-up instructions. Participants with ID demonstrated poorer
performance, when compared with typical adults, across both types of line-ups but
were more confident in the accuracy of their responses. In addition they were less
likely to understand the purpose of the line-up and remember the instructions as well
as having poorer face recognition performance.
Notebook challenge: no conferring Part I

WOLCHOVER, David; HEATON-ARMSTRONG, Anthony; HOPE, Lorraine; GABBERT,
Fiona
Criminal Law and Justice Weekly, Vol. 178 no. 15, 12 April 2014, p.224-225.
Examination of the IPCC proposal to end collaborative police note-taking.
Notebook challenge: no conferring part II.

Fiona
Criminal Law and Justice Weekly, Vol. 178 no. 16/17, 19/26 April 2014, p.241-243.
Continues to examine the IPCC proposal to end collaborative police note-taking.
Notebook challenge: no conferring Part III.

Fiona
Criminal Law and Justice Weekly, Vol. 178 no. 18, 3 May 2014, p.266-268.
The conclusion to the examination of the IPCC proposal to end collaborative police
note-taking.
22
Criminal Justice System
Civilising criminal justice: an international restorative agenda for penal

reform.
CORNWELL, David; BLAD, John; WRIGHT, Martin
Hook, Hampshire Waterside Press 2013 565p. figs., bibliogs. 22.48
ISBN: 9781904380047
3KY COR
This book is a collection of specially commissioned papers on restorative justice
combining history, theory, developments and practical advice and bringing together
arguments for penal reform. It considers the different ways in which criminal justice
can be 'civilised' and how lessons can be learned from practical experience. Part 1
Civilising procedure. 1. Justice and punishment: myths, mercy and Anglo-Saxon
attitudes, by CORNWELL David; 2. Restorative justice as a procedural revolution:
some lessons from the adversary system. by MCELREA F; 3. Retribution and/or
restoration? The purpose of our justice system through the lens of judges and
prosecutors, by FELLEGI B; 4. Crime and justice: a shift in perspective, by BLOM-
COOPER L; 5. Civilising civil justice, by SKELTON, A; 6. Seriousness: a
disproportionate construction and application? By PIPER C and EASTON S; Part 2
Civilising theory. 7. Restorative justice amongst other strategies, by BLAD J; 8.
Remorse and facilitating responsibility: rationales of personal mitigation in
sentencing, by VAN STOKKOM B; 9. To punish or to restore? A false alternative, by
GUTWIRTH S and DE HERT P; 10. Dialogical justice: philosophical considerations for
re-thinking the reaction to crime in a restorative way, by REGGIO F; 11. Making
criminal justice more civilised through restorative justice, by WALGRAVE L; Part 3
Civilising practice. 12. Could a restorative system of justice be more civilised than a
punitive one? By WRIGHT M; 13. Beyond restorative justice to restorative practice, by
TRENCZEK T; 14. Restorative justice and penal mediation: the French exception, by
BONAFE-SCHMITT J-P; 15. Positioning the offender in a restorative framework:
potential dialogues and forced conversations , by SPIVAKOVSKY C; 16. Development
of restorative justice practices in Norway, by ANDERSEN P; 17. Downsizing the use of
imprisonment in Finland, by LAPPI-SEPPALA T; 18. Conclusions, by CORNWELL D,
BLAD J and WRIGHT M.
Procedural justice, minorities and religiosity.

FACTOR, Roni; CASTILO, Juan Carlos; RATTNER, Arye
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2013.874171
A sample of 1,216 Israeli Jews and Arabs found that the social order is perceived as
less legitimate by the Arab minority compared with the Jewish majority, and by highly
religious members of the Jewish majority compared with those who are less religious.
23
Restorative justice reader. (2nd ed.)

JOHNSTONE, Gerry
London Routledge 2013 461p. tabs., bibliogs. 29.74
ISBN: 9780415672344
3KY JOH
This book brings together extracts from the most important and influential
contributions to the literature of restorative justice, together with an informative
commentary providing context and explanation. It includes works by well known
advocates of restorative justice movement and also by some of its key critics. The
new edition has been thoroughly revised to take account of the rapid expansion of the
literature of restorative justice over the last decade. Classical readings are
accompanied by more recent literature representing the most significant contributions
to research, discussion and debate concerning restorative justice. The book has 32
chapters in 5 sections:Part A: Overviews and early inspirations Introduction 1. A new
paradigm arises, by LONDON Ross; 2. The meaning of restorative justice, by
JOHNSTONE Gerry and VAN NESS Daniel W; 3. Retributive justice, restorative justice,
by ZEHR Howard; 4. Conflicts as property, by CHRISTIE Nils; 5. Restitution: a new
paradigm of criminal justice, by BARNETT Randy E; 6. Restorative justice and a better
future, by BRAITHWAITE John; Part B: Practices, applications and their rationales
Introduction 7. The Kitchener experiment, by PEACHEY Dean E; 8. Encounter, by VAN
NESS Daniel W and HEETDERKS STRONG Karen; 9. The future of mediation, by
BARUCH BUSH Robert A and FOLGER Joseph G; 10. Strategy for Community
Conferences: Emotions and Social Bonds, by RETZINGER Suzanne M and SCHELL
Thomas J; 11. Peacemaking circles, by PRANIS Kay; 12. Navajo restorative justice:
the law of equality and justice, by YAZZIE Robert and ZION James W; 13. Restorative
justice and prisons, by EDGAR, Kimmett and NEWELL, Tim; 14. Restorative justice
and police-led cautioning practice, by O'MAHONY David and DOAK Jonathan; 15.
Restorative justice, gendered violence, and indigenous women, by STUBBS Julie; 16.
Responding to hate crimes through restorative justice dialogue, by COATES Robert B;
17. Restorative justice and reparations, by WALKER Margaret U; Part C: Philosophies
and values Introduction 18. Returning to the Teachings, by ROSS Rupert; 19. Needs-
based justice as restorative, by SULLIVAN Dennis and TIFFT Larry; 20. Seeking socio-
ethical grounds for restorative justice, by WALGROVE, Lode; 21. Restorative justice
and the philosophical theories of criminal punishment, by BRUNK Conrad G; Part D:
Evaluating restorative justice. Introduction 22. Evaluation and restorative justice
principles, by ZEHR Howard; 23. Does restorative justice work?, by BRAITHWAITE
John; 24. Restorative justice: the evidence, by SHERMAN Lawrence W and STRANG
Heather. A non-governmental assessment of the evidence in the UK and
internationally covering 36 tests selected as being Maryland level 3 or above; 25.
Reducing recidivism: a task for restorative justice, by ROBINSON Gwen and
SHAPLAND Joanna; 26 Repair or revenge?, By STRANG Heather; Part E:
Controversies and critical issues Introduction 27. Restorative justice: the real story,
by DALY Kathleen; 28. Responsibilities, rights and restorative justice, by ASHWORTH
Andrew; 29. The virtues of restorative processes, the vices of 'restorative justice' , by
ROBINSON Paul H; 30. Some sociological reflections on restorative justice, by
BOTTOMS Anthony; 31. Justice anew, by PAVLICH George; 32. The seductive vision
of restorative justice, by ACORN Annalise.
24
Restorative justice.
MCMAHON, Tracey
Criminal Law and Justice Weekly, Vol. 178 no. 16/17, 19/26 April 2014, p.245.
The ACPO national lead on Restorative Justice, ACC Garry Sherwan of GMP discusses
the subject.
Criminal Law
Proceeds of crime law since 2003: two key areas.

ALLDRIDGE, Peter
Discusses the offence of laundering, confiscation, laws governing the proceeds of
crime and in particular corruption and tax crimes.
Decade of human rights in criminal justice.

ASHWORTH, Andrew
This review looks at conflicts between European human rights law and English
criminal law, developments in human rights and policing, the European Court's
developing jurisprudence on life imprisonment and preventive sentencing generally,
and assess the latest steps by the British Government to secure deportations to
countries with bad human rights records.
Blackstone's police manual 2013: volume 1 crime. (16th ed.)

CONNOR, Paul
OXFORD Oxford University Press 2014 256p. 15.00
ISBN: 9780199680535
3JD CON OUTSIZE
This manual is a guide to the key principles of criminal law and offences. The law is
stated as at 1 June 2013. The manual firstly covers principles: state of mind (mens
rea); criminal conduct (actus reus and liability); incomplete offences and police
investigations; and general defences. It then discusses types of offences: homicide;
misuse of drugs; firearms and gun crime; racial and religiously aggravated offences;
non-fatal offences against the person; miscellaneous offences against the person;
sexual offences; control of sex offenders; child protection; theft and related offences;
fraud; criminal damage; offences against the administration of justice and public
interest; and, offences arising from immigration, asylum and people exploitation
25
Quashing acquittals: applying the "new and compelling evidence" exception

to double jeopardy.
DENNIS, Ian
In the 8 years since this exception came into force there have been 13 applications, 9
of which were granted and 4 refused and this paper concludes that the new evidence
exception has proved to be a successful reform.
Obscene conversations, the internet and the criminal law.

GILLESPIE, Alisdair
This article considers conversations that relate to illegal activity and does not consider
the law of conspiracy. It examines the criminal law position where two people talk
about illegal sexual activity as part of a fantasy.
All the proper protections: the Court of Appeal rewrites the rules for the
cross examination of vulnerable witnesses.
HENDERSON, Emily
In a series of judgements the Court of Appeal has re-acknowledged the long-standing
position that the purpose of cross-examination in a criminal trial is to investigate the
evidence. It targets three aspects: miscommunication through the use of
developmentally inappropriate language, the use of suggestive questions and the use
of cross-examination to confront the witness.
Use and abuse of conspiracy.

JARVIS, Paul; BISGROVE, Michael
Reviews the way in which the statutory offence of conspiracy has been used by
prosecutors in circumstances where the collaborators have committed a number of
offences after their agreement. Failing to identify the correct form and scope of the
agreement has allowed some guilty defendants walk free.
26
Blackstone's police manual 2014: volume 4 general police duties. (16th ed.)
HUTTON, Glenn; MCKINNON, Gavin; CONNOR, Paul
ISBN: 9780199680566
3JD HUT OUTSIZE
This manual is a guide to the key principles of the criminal law and police powers. The
law is stated as at 1 June 2013. Part 1 of the book concerns the police. Chapters are
on the policing family; complaints and misconduct; unsatisfactory performance and
attendance; human rights; powers of arrest and other policing powers; stop and
search; entry, search and seizure. Part 2 is on community safety including:
Harassment, stalking, hostility and antisocial behaviour; offences involving
communications; terrorism and associated offences; public disorder; sporting events;
weapons. Part 3 describes general police duties: civil disputes; offences relating to
land and premises; licensing and offences relating to alcohol; offences and powers
relating to information; equality. The appendices cover: PACE code of practice for the
exercise by police officers of statutory powers of stop and search; police officers and
police staff of requirements to record public encounters; powers of police community
support officers.
Blackstone's police manual 2014: volume 2 evidence and procedure. (16th

ed.)
JOHNSTON, David; HUTTON, Glenn
ISBN: 9780199680542
3JD JOH OUTSIZE
This manual describes the criminal legal system, evidence law and police procedure.
The law is stated as at 1 June 2013. Part 1 describes most of the criminal justice
system: sources of law, the courts, instituting criminal proceedings (by summonses
and warrants), bail, court procedure and witnesses, and youth justice and youth
crime. Part 2 covers the key matters of the law of evidence, including types of
evidence, exclusion of evidence and disclosure of evidence. Part 3 describes police
station procedure: the custody officer's duties, identification, and interview
procedures. The appendix gives a summary of PACE Code of Practice for the
detention, treatment and questioning of persons under s.41 of, and Sch. 8 to, the
Terrorism Act 2000 (Code H).
More changes to PACE Codes C and H.

ZANDER, Michael
Criminal Law and Justice Weekly, Vol. 178 no. 15, 12 April 2014, p.223.
Discusses changes relating to the suspect's right to information.
27
PACE, performance targets and legal protections.

KEMP, Vicky
This paper concludes that an unintended consequence of performance management is
to potential to undermine the legal protection of those held in police custody.
Sex workers and the Policing and Crime Act 2009.
KINGSTON, Sarah; THOMAS, Terry
Criminal Law and Justice Weekly, Vol. 178 no. 14, 5 April 2014, p.207-208.
Discusses the lack of police use of s14 of the Act which makes it an offence to pay for
the services of a prostitute who has been coerced into providing sexual services.
Redressing miscarriages of justice: practice and procedure in (International)

criminal cases. (2nd ed.)
KNOOPS, Geert-Jan Alexander
International & Comparative Criminal Law,
Netherlands Martinus Nijhoff 2013 229p., bibliog. 91.00
ISBN: 9789004252837
3LVB KNO
This book looks at the procedural mechanisms available in different international
criminal law systems in order to prevent and redress miscarriages of justice. It
reviews disclosure deficiencies, false confessions, eyewitness misidentification and
fraudulent forensic science.
Silence in suspicious circumstances.

OWUSU-BEMPAH, Abenaa
This article clarifies the significance of ss.36 and 37, starting with a brief overview of
the provisions, and examines: the requirement to "account" for suspicious
circumstances; the relevance of the defence case put forward at trial; the absence of
a reasonableness requirement; and the relevance of legal advice.
Processions or public disorder?

PARPWORTH, Neil
Criminal Law and Justice Weekly, Vol. 178 no. 12, 22 March 2014, p.178-180.
Discusses the conditions in which the police are able to impose conditions on a public
procession or public assembly.
Criminalising sexual intimacy: transgender defendants and the legal

construction of non-consent.
SHARPE, Alex
This article challenges the legality and public policy interest in prosecuting
transgender people for sexual offences in circumstances where they do not disclose
their gender history to sexual partners in advance of intimacy
28
Compensation for victims of a miscarriage of justice.

ZANDER, Michael
Criminal Law and Justice Weekly, Vol. 178 no. 12, 22 March 2014, p.175.
Discusses the new statutory formula where an applicant for compensation for a
miscarriage of justice will now not have to establish that he was innocent, only that
he did not commit the offence.
Criminology
Impact of timing and frequency of parental criminal behaviour and risk

factors on offspring offending.
BESEMER, Sytske
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2012.736512
The results show that the number of criminal convictions for the parents is positively
related to their children's conviction rate. Children whose parents had only been
convicted before the child's birth have more convictions than those whose parents
had never been convicted. There does not appear to be a sensitive period for the
impact of parental criminal behaviour.
Routledge handbook of European criminology.

BODY-GENDROT, Sophie; HOUGH, Mike; KEREZSI, Klara; LEVY, Rene; SNACKEN,
Sonja
Routledge International Handbooks,
London Routledge 2014 550p. figs., tabs, bibliogs. 104.48
ISBN: 9780415685849
3TA BOD
Bringing together some of Europe's leading criminologists, the 28 chapters of this
book aim to reflect the range and depth of current work in Europe, and to
counterbalance the impact of the Anglo-American criminological tradition. The
selected papers reflect on differences and commonalities, elaborate on theoretically
grounded comparisons and reflect on emerging themes in criminology in Europe.
Following the introduction, the book is organised in three parts: Part 1, European
issues on crime and crime control, five chapters offering historical, theoretical and
policy oriented overviews of European issues in crime and crime control; Part 2,
Variations in crime, description and explanations, seven chapters looking at different
dimensions of crime in Europe, including crime trends, state crime, gender and crime
and urban safety; Part 3, Variations in institutional responses and possible
explanations, fifteen chapters examining the variety of institutional responses,
exploring issues such as policing, juvenile justice, punishment, green crime and the
role of the victim.
29
Growth of randomized experiments in policing: the vital few and the

salience of mentoring.
BRAGA, Anthony A; WELSH, Brandon C; PAPACHRISTOS, Andrew V; SCHNELL, Cory;
GROSSMAN, Leigh
The growth in policing randomized experiments has been by a very small number of
scholars who account for the bulk of policing experiments. They have been very active
in mentoring the next generation of experimentalists. The availability of federal
funding is another important factor.
Demographic patterns of cumulative arrest prevalence by ages 18 and 23.

BRAME, Robert; BUSHWAY, Shawn D; PATERNOSTER, Ray; TURNER, Michael G
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128713514801
This study examines race, sex, and self-reported arrest histories (excluding arrests
for minor traffic violations) from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997
(NLSY97; N = 7,335) for the period 1997 through 2008. The main findings are (a)
males have higher cumulative prevalence of arrest than females and (b) there are
important race differences in the probability of arrest for males but not for females.
Media use and the process-based model for police cooperation. An

integrative approach towards explaining adolescents' intentions to cooperate
with the police.
DIRIKX, Astrid; VAN DEN BULCK, Jan
Examines how media use relates to adolescents willingness to assist police using
survey data from 1,968 Flemish adolescents and finds that crime show exposure
directly and indirectly predicts adolescents willingness to cooperate with police.
Victim attributes in hate crime law: difference and the politics of justice.
MASON, Gail
This article considers whether the targeted victimization of adults who sexually
assault children should be recognized as a form of hate crime under the criminal law.
Using modeling to predict and prevent victimization.

PEASE, Ken; TSELONI, Andromachi
Springer Briefs in Criminology,
New York Springer Publishing 2014 80p. figs., tabs., bibliog. 41.80
ISBN: 9783319031842
3TH PEA
This book describes a new statistical modelling technique that can be used to
recognize patterns in victimization and prevent repeat victimization. Crime prevention
techniques historically range from offender-based, to environment/situation-based, to
30
victim-based. The authors use statistical modelling to predict areas and individuals
vulnerable to crime by using crime concentration and sub-group profiling with regard
to crime vulnerability levels,. They use these predictions to propose policing strategies
to improve crime prevention.
Criminality in spaces of death: the Palestinian case study.

SHALHOUB-KEVORKIAN, Nadera
Examines how Palestinian dead bodies and spaces of death in East Jerusalem are 'hot
spots' of criminality and challenge traditional hot-spot theories of crime.
Revisiting the gun ownership and violence link: a multilevel analysis of

victimization survey data.
VAN KESTEREN, John
This article uses data on gun ownership and victimization from the International
Crime Victims Survey (ICVS). Analysis at country level shows that the level of
handgun ownership is positively related to serious violence but not for less serious
violent crimes. Multilevel analyses on the data from 26 developed countries show that
owners of a handgun show increased risk for victimization by violent crime. High
ownership levels, however, seem to diminish the victimization level for the less
serious violent crimes for the non-owners.
Effects of police contact on trajectories of violence: a group-based

propensity score matching analysis.
WARD, Jeffrey T; KROHN, Marvin D; GIBSON, Chris L
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 29 no. 3, February 2014, p.440-475.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260513505219
Drawing on ideas from deterrence and labelling theories, this paper seeks to
determine whether individuals on different violent offending trajectories increase or
decrease their offending following a police contact. Three violent trajectory groups
emerged: high offenders, non-offenders, and low offenders. After accounting for
selection bias, experiencing a police contact increased the likelihood of future violent
offending for the entire sample and for those who were on a low violent-offending
trajectory specifically and the findings provide partial support for labelling theory.
31
Rolling back prices and raising crime rates? the Walmart effect on crime in
the United States.
WOLFE, Scott E; PYROOZ, David C
This paper explores the Wal-Mart effect on crime. After accounting for endogeneity,
growth of the company stunted crime declines when compared with matched
counties. In counties where Wal-Mart did not build, property crime rates fell by an
additional 17 units per capita from the 1990s to the 2000s. A marginally statistically
significant, yet stable, effect for violent crime was also observed, falling by two units
per capita. The influence of economic forces on aggregate crime trends are discussed.
Data Protection
The issue of data protection and data security in the (Pre-Lisbon) EU Third
Pillar.
O'NEILL, Maria
Journal of Contemporary European Research, Vol. 6 no. 2, 2010, p.211-235.
2010 25p., tabs., bibliog.
INTERNET RESOURCE
Link to full text http://library.college.police.uk/docs/ONeill-data-protection.pdf
This article looks at the exchange of intelligence and information amongst the law
enforcement bodies of the EU, and the issues surrounding data protection and data
security.
Decision Making
Impact of value based decision making on policing in North Wales.

FEILZER, Martina; TREW, Jessica
2012 38p., figs., tabs., bibliog.
INTERNET RESOURCE
Link to full text http://library.college.police.uk/docs/Impact-value-based-
decision-making-policing-north-wales-2012.pdf
This report summarises research examining the impact of value based decision
making on front line policing practice in Wales, as well as its impact on front line
policing staff's perception of their work. The research also considered the impact of
value based decision making on the local community's evaluation of policing and the
perception of police legitimacy; and the likelihood of the adoption of value based
decision making increasing public confidence in the police.
32
Diversity
Child sex grooming: culture crime, racial stereotyping and the environment.
AKHTUR, Zia
p.167-196.
22022045
Considers the trial of Asian men for sexually grooming white girls at the Old Bailey
which led to their conviction in R v Akhtar Doggar and others (27/6/13). It argues
that this has intensified the debate about whether this a cultural crime and more
prevalent in men from ethnic minorities. The accusation that it is culture specific
brings with it the risk of racial discrimination and breach of the Human Rights Act
1998, under the Right to a Fair Trial.
How costly is diversity? Affirmative action in light of gender differences in

competitiveness.
NIEDERLE, Muriel; SEGAL, Carmit; VESTERLUND, Lise
Management Science, Vol. 59 no. 1, 2013, p.1-16.
2013 16p. figs., tabs., bibliog.
331.133 NIE PAMPHLET
This paper examines whether affirmative action encourages job applications in an
environment where "minority" candidates otherwise fail to apply for positions that
they are qualified to fill. It investigates the effect of introducing a gender quota in an
environment where high-performing women fail to enter a competition that they can
win. The paper shows that their entry is increased if women are guaranteed equal
representation amongst the winners.
Race, poverty, and the traffic ticket cycle. Exploring the situational context
of the application of police discretion.
REGOECZI, Wendy C; KENT, Stephanie
Finds that black citizens are more likely to receive a ticket than white citizens.
However, the paper also finds important differences in the situational context of traffic
stops for blacks and whites and uncovers evidence of a cycle of traffic tickets and
license suspensions among some black drivers.
33
Domestic Violence
Can the FIFA world cup football (soccer) tournament be associated with an
increase in domestic abuse?
KIRBY, Stuart; FRANCIS, Brian; O'FLAHERTY, Rosalie
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 51 no. 3, May 2014, p.259-276.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427813494843
This relatively small study found a match day trend where the risk of domestic abuse
rose by 26 percent when the English national team won or drew, and a 38 percent
increase when the national team lost
Prevalence, dynamic risk factors and the efficacy of primary interventions for
adolescent dating violence: an international review.
LEEN, Eline; SORBRING, Emma; MAWER, Matt; HOLDSWORTH, Emma; HELSING, Bo;
BOWEN, Erica
Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol. 18 no. 1, 2013, P.159-174.
2013 16p. tabs., bibliog.
3NH LEE PAMPHLET
This article reviews evidence from Europe and North America regarding adolescent
dating violence, its prevalence, dynamic risk factors and the efficiency of intervention
programmes. The article identifies peer influence, substance abuse, psychological
adjustment and attitudes towards violence as risk factors for the perpetration of
dating violence. It examines the effectiveness of intervention programmes within
North America.
Evidence-based prosecution of intimate partner violence in the post-

Crawford era: a single city study of the factors leading to prosecution.
MESSING, Jill Theresa
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128710362056
This article examines the victim, offender, and offense characteristics associated with
the decision to prosecute a sample of about 900 domestic violence arrestees under an
evidence-based prosecution strategy following the Crawford v Washington decision in
America. Documentation of injury and police taking the perpetrator into custody at
the scene of the crime have the greatest effect on the decision to prosecute, although
the victims willingness to assist with prosecution is also a significant factor.
34
Honor-based violence: policing and prevention.

ROBERTS, Karl A; CAMPBELL, Gerry; LLOYD, Glen
Advances in police theory and practice.,
Boca Raton CRC Press 2014 194p. bibliog. 50.66
ISBN: 9781466556652
3NH ROB
Honour-based violence is defined in this book as a crime committed to protect or
defend the honour of a family and/or a community. It is usually triggered by the
victim's behaviour, which the family and/or community regards as causing offense or
dishonour. This book describes the various types of honour-based violence including
sex selective abortion, female genital mutilation (FGM), forced marriage and honour
killings. It covers cultural and psychological theories, effective investigative
techniques, risk management and community impact assessment, multiagency
working, communication strategies and child abuse
Policing juveniles: domestic violence arrest policies gender and police

response to child parent violence.
STROM, Kevin J; WARNER, Tara D; TICHAVSKY, Lisa; ZAHN, Margaret A
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128710376293
Analyses National Incident Based Reporting System data from 2000 to 2004 to
determine how domestic violence arrest policies, along with incident, offender, and
victim characteristics, influence arrest outcomes in violent incidents committed by
juveniles against their parents. Results indicated that domestic violence arrest policies
had positive effects on arrest outcomes both for juvenile females and males accused
of assaulting a parent, as juveniles were more likely to be arrested in states with
mandatory or pro-arrest policies than in states with discretionary arrest policies.
However, there was also evidence that, beyond the effects of the domestic arrest
laws, girls became increasingly more likely to be arrested for assaults against parents
relative to boys.
35
Drugs
Template protocol for the management of detainees who are suspected of

swallowing or having packed drugs or foreign objects into body orifices or
cavities.
NATIONAL POLICING IMPROVEMENT AGENCY.; ASSOCIATION OF CHIEF POLICE
OFFICERS; COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE; NHS AMBULANCE CHIEF EXECUTIVE
GROUP.; Department of Health
2011 5p.
INTERNET RESOURCE
Link to full text http://library.college.police.uk/docs/NPIA/Protocol-for-the-
Management-of-Detainees.pdf
This document has been developed by the National Policing Improvement Agency
(NPIA) in close consultation with the Department of Health, the Ambulance Chief
Executives Group, the College of Emergency Medicine and the Police Service. It takes
account of the key requirements of the ACPO Guidance on the Safer Detention and
Handling of Persons in Police Custody and provides a framework that will support
improved service delivery and the appropriate use of resources. It may be
supplemented by detailed local procedures.
This protocol seeks to ensure the appropriate and safe management of detainees who
are suspected of swallowing or having packed drugs or foreign objects in body orifices
or cavities. It applies to adults and children and young people and issues of
appropriate safeguarding and parental authority may also apply.
Employment Law
TUPE: Law and practice. (4th ed.)

DERBYSHIRE, Wyn; HARDY, Stephen
London Spiramus Press 2014 170p. 53.83
ISBN: 9781907444821
344.012596 DER
The new Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) (Amendment)
Regulations 2014 (TUPE) are intended to clarify the issues raised by recent cases and
also to reduce the burden on small business employers. This book provides guidance
on TUPE in light of the changes made by the new 2014 TUPE Amendment Regulations
and recent case law including: the scope to service provision changes (i.e.
outsourcing/contracting-out and in), as well as clarification of the nature of TUPE
transfers; key changes relating to transfer dismissals and changes to terms and
conditions; pensions obligations under TUPE and the impact of auto-enrolment;
clarified joint consultation rights; the application of TUPE where the transferor is
insolvent.
36
Environmental Criminology
Criminalizing waste management activities in Albania in the light of the

European Union legislation.
TURKESHI, Enkelejda
p.79-99.
22012040
Examines the current legal framework in Albania on waste-related criminal offences,
against the minimum standard set forth by the EU in the Directive 2008/99/EC on the
protection of environment through criminal law and suggests that amendments to the
Criminal Code are also necessary.
Financial Investigations
Not a victimless crime: the impact of fraud on individual victims and their
families.
BUTTON, Mark; LEWIS, Chris; TAPLEY, Jacki
Based on 30 face-to-face and approx. 800 telephone interviews with fraud victims and
family members this highlights victim's financial hardship, broken relationships,
psychological effects, mental and physical health problems. Secondary impacts
include damage to reputation and positive and negative changes in behaviour.
Proceeds of crime law since 2003: two key areas.

ALLDRIDGE, Peter
Discusses the offence of laundering, confiscation, laws governing the proceeds of
crime and in particular corruption and tax crimes.
Ponzi fraud: conning unsuspecting victims out of their investments.

INVESTIGATOR.
Discusses examples of investment fraud.
37
Role of the regulated sector in the UK anti-money laundering framework:

pushing the boundaries of the private police.
EGAN, Mo
Journal of Contemporary European Research, Vol. 6 no. 2, 2010, p.272-288.
Link to full text http://library.college.police.uk/docs/role-of-regulated-sector-
EGAN-2010.pdf
This article argues that the conceptualisation of private police in current academic
literature requires expansion to accommodate the role of the regulated sector in the
Anti- Money Laundering (AML) framework. Firstly, it evaluates the literature on
private police and argues that its current parameters are too narrow to
accommodate the policing role of the regulated sector. Secondly, it lays out the
legislative framework that has developed to deal with the problem of money
laundering. Thirdly, it contextualises the role of the regulated sector, examining the
domestic inter-agency policing relationships within the suspicious activity regime as
operationalised in Scotland. Finally, it takes a closer look at how the courts have
interpreted the failure to report offence under s330 of the Proceeds of Crime Act
(POCA) 2002 and its consequential effect on the engagement of the regulated sector
with the SARs regime.
38
Dirty assets: emerging issues in the regulation of criminal and terrorist

assets.
KING, Colin; WALKER, Clive
Law, justice and power.,
Aldershot Ashgate 2014 355p., figs., tabs., bibliog. 68.85
ISBN: 9781409462538
3LUJ KIN
This text looks at the role of money in financing terrorism and international organized
crime. There are 14 chapters by various authors, grouped into two sections. The first
section is about the criminal and civil responses to illicit assets and has nine chapters:
Confiscation of the proceeds of crime: the European Union framework, by BORGERS
Matthias J.; Post-conviction confiscation of assets in England and Wales: rhetoric and
reality, by BULLOCK Sandra and LISTER Stuart; Anti-Mafia forfeiture in the Italian
system, by PIVA Daniele; Civil forfeiture of criminal assets in Bulgaria, by DZHEKOVA
Rositsa; Criminal asset recovery in Australia, by GOLDSMITH Andrew, GRAY Daivd
and SMITH Russell G.; 'Hitting back' at organized crime: the adoption of civil
forfeiture in Ireland, by KING Colin; Civil processes and tainted assets: exploring
Canadian models of forfeiture, by GALLANT Michelle; Asset recovery: substantive or
symbolic?, by HARVEY Jackie; Corruption, the United Nations Convention against
Corruption (UNCAC) and asset recovery, by CARR Indira and JAGO Robert. The
second part is about responses to the financing of terrorist activity and has four
chapters: Terrorism financing and the policing of charities: who pays the price?, by
WALKER Clive; US efforts to stem the flow of funds to terrorist organizations: export
controls, financial sanctions and material support, by DONOHUE Laura K.; Dismantling
terrorist economics: the Spanish experience, by BAUMERT Thomas and BUESA Mikel;
EU counter-terrorist sanctions: the questionable success story of criminal law in
disguise, by ECKES Christina.
Fingerprints and Earprints
Thermal visualisation of latent fingermarks on metallic surfaces.

WIGHTMAN, Graham; O'CONNOR, D
Forensic Science International, Vol. 204 nos. 1-3, 2011, p.88-96.
Link to full text (via PNN)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073810002598
Recent published research has lead to improved techniques for recovering latent
fingermarks from metallic surfaces. The present study corroborates and extends some
of the work carried out by Bond but an alternative mechanism is proposed for the
thermal visualisation of fingermarks based on differential oxidation and the production
of interference colours that improve contrast. Fingermarks treated at low temperature
could be reheated to enhance recovery, but an upper temperature limit occurs beyond
which the mark degrades. The mechanism of enhancement is discussed
39
Forensic Science
Application of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy to examination of

writing inks for forensic purposes.
AGNIESZKA, Kula; WIETECHA-POSLUSZNY, Renata; PASIONEK, Katarzyna; KROL,
Malgorzata; WOZNIAKIEWICZ, Michal; KOSCIELNIAK, Pawel
The discrimination power of this method was found to be 83, 82 and 61% for blue,
black and red inks, respectively. Inks made by the same producer were able to be
differentiated in some cases.
Direct detection of blood in fingermarks by MALDI MS profiling and imaging.

BRADSHAW, R; BLEAY, S; CLENCH, M R; FRANCESE, S
This research demonstrates that this technology is compatible with other methods
currently employed for enhancing fingermarks in blood (or contaminated by blood).
Stability of lip print patterns: a longitudinal study of Saudi females.

ELDOMIATY, Magda A; ANWAR, Rasha I
Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, Vol. 22, 2014, p.154-158.
Link to full text (via PNN) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2013.12.011
Lip-print groove patterns have recently been verified as a unique parameter for
identification. This study investigated the stability of lip-print patterns over time to
validate their secure use in civil and criminal investigations.
Evaluation of Lumicyano cyanoacrylate fuming process for the development

of latent fingermarks on plastic carrier bags by means of a pseudo
operational comparative trial.
FARRUGIA, Kevin J; DEACON, Paul; FRASER, Joanna
Lumicyano appears to be a suitable technique for the development of fingermarks on
plastic carrier bags and it can help save lab space and time as it does not require
dyeing or drying procedures. Furthermore, contrary to other one-step cyanoacrylate
products, existing cyanoacrylate cabinets do not require any modification for the
treatment of articles with Lumicyano.
40
Comparison of the use of vacuum metal deposition versus cyanoacrylate

fuming for visualisation of fingermarks and grab impressions on fabrics.
FRASER, Joanna; DEACON, Paul; BLEAY, Stephen; BREMNER, David H
Vacuum metal deposition (VMD) and cyanoacrylate fuming (CAF) are techniques used
to visualise latent fingermarks on smooth non-porous surfaces such as plastic and
glass. The smoother fabrics, such as nylon, consistently produced greater ridge detail
whereas duller fabrics, like cotton tended only to show empty prints and impressions
of where the fabric had been touched, rather than any ridge details. Most fabrics did
allow the development of touch marks that could be targeted for DNA taping which
potentially could lead to a DNA profile. Of the two techniques VMD was around 5
times more effective than CAF, producing a greater amount of ridge detail, palmar
flexion creases and target areas on more samples and fabrics.
Peace process. Observations on forensic interview training.

HAYCOCK, Chris
Discusses the effectiveness of investigative interviewing, obtaining confessions,
revealing evidence and detection of deception.
Disaster victim identification guide.

INTERPOL
2009 55p., illus.
INTERNET RESOURCE
Link to full text http://library.college.police.uk/docs/Disaster-victim-
identification-guide.pdf
This guide contains recommendations for the identification of disaster victims. The
specific religious and cultural needs and national idiosyncrasies or laws and directives
of the Member States must be taken into consideration during an operation, but will
not be discussed any further in the explanations of the Guide. It is also not possible to
deal with all conceivable operational scenarios.
The use of links provides a means of updating the DVI Guide continually, thereby
eliminating the need for a complete revision of the Guide every ten years.
Experimental forensic studies of the preservation of pollen in vehicle fires.

MORGAN, R M; FLYNN, J; SENA, V; BULL, P A
These studies demonstrate the value in seeking pollen evidence from even such
extreme crime scenes as encountered in vehicular fires.
41
Investigation into the behaviour of air rifle pellets in ballistic gel and their
interaction with bone.
WIGHTMAN, Graham; BEARD, J; ALLISON, R
Forensic Science International, Vol. 200 nos. 1-3, 2010, p. 41-49.
Link to full text (via PNN)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073810001386
Although air weapons are considerably lower in power than other firearms, there is
increasing concern that serious injuries can result from their misuse. The present
study was therefore carried out to improve understanding of the terminal ballistic
behaviour of air rifle pellets. Pellets were fired into ballistic gel under a variety of
conditions.
The pellets penetrated further than anticipated from their low cross-sectional density,
and Bloom number was not necessarily a good guide to gel behaviour. Pellet
penetration into the gel decreased with increasing gel concentration, and appeared to
be linear at higher concentrations. Pointed pellets penetrated up to 50% further than
rounded pellets. Power and range affect penetration, but other factors are also
important, and power alone is not a simple guide to potential penetration.
Test firings were also carried out firing pellets into ballistic gel that contained sections
of animal bone. Computed tomography (CT) and visual observation were employed to
record the interactions. CT scanning showed potential as a tool for examining pellet
damage. The bone appeared to be undamaged, but the pellets were severely
deformed on impact. If the pellet strikes the bone at an angle, less energy is
absorbed by the impact and the pellet fragments may ricochet and cause further
damage in the gel. A tentative model is proposed for estimating the energy absorbed
by the impact.
Craniofacial identification.
WILKINSON, Caroline; RYAN, Christopher
CAMBRIDGE Cambridge University Press 2012 263p. figs., bibliogs. 36.68
ISBN: 9780521768627
3SHW WIL
This book discusses the latest advances and research into identification from the face
and skull, with sections covering both the living and the dead. Part I. Identification of
the Living: 1. Familiar face recognition, by BRUCE Vicki; 2. Unfamiliar face
recognition, by HANCOCK Peter J; 3. EFIT-V: evolutionary algorithms and computer
composites, by SOLOMON Chris, GIBSON Stuart and MAYLIN Matthew; 4. Facial recall
and computer composites, by FROWD Charlie; 5. Facial ageing, by HUNTER David,
TIDDEMAN Bernard and PERRETT David; 6. Age progression and regression, by
MULLINS Joe; 7. Automated age progression, by GIBSON Stuart; 8. Facial recognition
from identification parades, by HARVARD Catriona and MEMON Amina; 9. Virtual line-
ups, by SEGOVIA Kathryn Y, BAILENSON Jeremy N and LEONETTI Carrie; 10.
Computer-generated face models, by TIDDEMAN Bernard; 11. Recognising faces in
motion, by LANDER Karen and BUTCHER Natalie; 12. Facial image comparison, by
DAVIS Josh P, VALENTINE Tim and WILKINSON Caroline; 13. Three-dimensional facial
growth and imaging, by RICHMOND Stephen, ZHUROV Alexei and TOMA Arshed; Part
II. Identification of the Dead: 14. Post-mortem prediction, by WILKINSON Caroline
and TILLOTSON Amy; 15. Manual facial reconstruction, by VERMEULEN Ludo; 16.
Relationship between the face and the skull, by RYNN Christopher, BALUEVA Tatiana
and VESELOVSKAYA Elizaveta; 17. Automated facial reconstruction, by
VANDERMEULEN Dirk, CLAES Peter, DE GREEF Sven, WILLEMS Guy, CLEMENT John
42
and SUETENS Paul; 18. Computer-generated facial depiction, by MAHONEY Gregory

and WILKINSON Caroline; 19. Craniofacial superimposition, by YOSHINO Mineo; 20.
Juvenile facial reconstruction, by WILKINSON Caroline;
Evaluation of evidence relating to traces of cocaine on banknotes.

WILSON, Amy; AITKEN, Colin; SLEEMAN, Richard; CARTER, James
Forensic Science International, Vol. 236, March 2014, p.67-76.
Link to full text (via PNN) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.11.011
Researches the evidence of the quantity of cocaine on banknotes.
Gangs
Gang involvement: social and environmental factors.

ALLEYNE, Emma; WOOD, Jane L
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128711398029
This article found that gang-involved youth were more likely than non-gang youth to
be older, and individual delinquency and neighbourhood gangs predicted gang
involvement. It also found that parental management, deviant peer pressure, and
commitment to school had indirect relationships with gang involvement.
Proximal adolescent outcomes of gang membership in England and Wales.

ARIZA, Juan Jose Medina; CEBULLA, Andreas; ALDRIDGE, Judith; SHUTE, Jon; ROSS,
Andy
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427813496791
This article finds that gang onset has an impact on offending, antisocial behaviour,
drug use, commitment to deviant peers, and neutralization techniques. In addition,
gang membership increases the probability of unwanted police contact, even
adjusting for offending.
Problem-oriented policing, deterrence, and youth violence: an evaluation of

Boston's Operation Ceasefire.
BRAGA, Anthony A; KENNEDY, David M; WARING, E J; PIEHL, A M
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 38 no. 3, 2001, p.195-225.
http://jrc.sagepub.com/content/38/3/195.abstract
Operation Ceasefire is a problem-oriented policing intervention aimed at reducing
youth homicide and youth firearms violence in Boston. It represented an innovative
partnership between researchers and practitioners to assess the city's youth homicide
problem and implement an intervention designed to have a substantial near-term
impact on the problem. Operation Ceasefire was based on the pulling levers
43
deterrence strategy that focused criminal justice attention on a small number of

chronically offending gang-involved youth responsible for much of Boston's youth
homicide problem. Our impact evaluation suggests that the Ceasefire intervention
was associated with significant reductions in youth homicide victimization, shots-fired
calls for service, and gun assault incidents in Boston. A comparative analysis of youth
homicide trends in Boston relative to youth homicide trends in other major U.S. and
New England cities also supports a unique program effect associated with the
Ceasefire intervention.
Criminal attitudes and psychopathic personality attributes of youth gang

offenders in Singapore.
CHU, Chi Meng; DAFFERN, Michael; THOMAS, Stuart DM; ANG, Yaming; LONG, Mavis
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2013.772182
This research indicated that favourable attitudes toward gangs, violence, and criminal
associates remained significantly associated with gang membership after accounting
for favourable attitudes toward violence and criminal associates, as well as increased
attitudes of entitlement and impulsive/irresponsible traits. These attitudes were likely
to perpetuate gang affiliation and criminal behaviour, and thus should be a focus for
intervention and rehabilitation efforts.
It's gang life, but not as we know it: the evolution of gang business.
DENSLEY, James A
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128712437912
Based on fieldwork with gangs and interviews with gang members in London, this
article shows how gangs evolve in response to external threats and financial
commitments into drug-distribution enterprises.
Relative impact of gang status transitions: identifying the mechanisms of

change in delinquency.
MELDE, Chris; ESBENSEN, Finn-Aage
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427813507059
The potential for gang membership was found to have an enduring impact on
involvement in delinquent activity and also on attitudes, emotions, and unstructured
activities associated with a higher risk of offending. This was mediated by the
mechanisms associated with a turning point.
Contribution of gang membership to the victim-offender overlap.

PYROOZ, David C; MOULE, Richard K; DECKER, Scott H
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427813516128
44
Gang members were twice as likely to be both victims and offenders, even after
adjusting for low self-control, adherence to street codes, and routine activities.
Ties that bind: desistance from gangs.

PYROOZ, David C; DECKER, Scott H; WEBB, Vincent J
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128710372191
Examines the social and emotional ties that former gang members maintain with their
previous gang network.
Influence of gentrification on gang homicides in Chicago neighbourhoods,

1994 to 2005.
SMITH, Chris M
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128712446052
This study finds that demographic shifts have a strong negative effect on gang
homicide. Private investment gentrification, measured as the proliferation of coffee
shops, has a marginally significant and negative effect on gang homicide. In contrast,
state-based gentrification (the demolition of public housing) has a positive effect on
gang homicide.
Inter-partner violence in the context of gangs: a review.

ULLOA, Emilio C; DYSON, Rachel B; WYNES, Danita D
Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol. 17 No. 5, 2012, P.397-404.
Elsevier 2013 8p., tab., bibliog.
3NH ULL PAMPHLET
This study reviews the association between gang involvement and inter-partner
violence, and looks at 18 articles on the subject.
Gang participation.
YIU, Ho Lam; GOTTFREDSON, Gary D
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128713510078
School safety and students personal sense of safety emerged as important variables
that predicted gang involvement.
45
Geographic Profiling
Geographic profiling in a novel context: prioritising the search for New

Zealand sex offenders.
HAMMOND, Laura
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2013.793331
It was found that the spatial behaviour of New Zealand sex offenders violates many of
the assumptions that Dragnet and other similar geographical profiling systems make
in predicting offenders' home locations. Calibration of the system to the specific
home-crime distance patterns of the New Zealand offenders did not enhance the
predictions.
Gun and Knife Crime
Nature of violence: a multilevel analysis of gun use and victim injury in

violent interpersonal encounters.
BURGASON, Kyle A; THOMAS, Shaun A; BERTHELOT, Emily R
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 29 no. 3, February 2014, p.371-393.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260513505212
Examines incident-level data from the National Incident Based Reporting System in
conjunction with contextual-level data on the cities in which the incidents occurred. It
explores variations in predictors of offender gun use and extent of victim injury.
Intervening in gun markets: an experiment to assess the impact of targeted

gun-law messaging.
RIDGEWAY, Greg; BRAGA, Anthony A.; TITA, George; PIERCE, Glenn L.
The objective of this study was to assess whether targeting new gun buyers with a
public safety message aimed at improving gun law awareness can modify gun
purchasers behaviours. Between May 2007 and September 2008, 2,120 guns were
purchased in two target neighbourhoods of the City of Los Angeles. Starting in August
2007, gun buyers initiating transactions on odd-numbered days received a letter
signed by prominent law enforcement officials, indicating that law enforcement had a
record of their gun purchase and that the gun buyer should properly record future
transfers of the gun. The letters arrived during buyers 10-day waiting periods, before
they could legally return to the store to collect their new gun. Subsequent gun
records were extracted to assess the letters effect on legal secondary sales, reports
of stolen guns, and recovery of the gun in a crime. An intent-to-treat analysis was
46
also conducted as a sensitivity check to remedy a lapse in the letter program between
May and August 2007. The letter appears to have no effect on the legal transfer rate
or on the short-term rate of guns subsequently turning up in a crime. However, we
found that the rate at which guns are reported stolen for those who received the
letter is more than twice the rate for those who did not receive the letter (p
value?=?0.01). Those receiving the letter reported their gun stolen at a rate of 18
guns per 1,000 gun-years and those not receiving the letter reported their gun stolen
at a rate of 7 guns per 1,000 gun-years. Of those receiving the letter, 1.9% reported
their gun stolen during the study period compared to 1.0% for those who did not
receive the letter. The percentage of guns reported stolen in these neighbourhoods is
high, indicating a high rate of true gun theft, a regular practice of using stolen-gun
reports to separate the gun buyer from future misuse of the gun, or some blend of
both. Simple, targeted gun law awareness campaigns can modify new gun buyers
behaviours. Additional follow-up or modifications to this initiative might be needed to
impact the rate at which guns enter the illegal gun market and ultimately are
recovered in crimes.
Harassment
Briefing note for amendments to the Protection from Harassment Act 1997.
COLLEGE OF POLICING.
2013 6p.
INTERNET RESOURCE
Link to full text http://library.college.police.uk/docs/college-of-
policing/stalking-and-harassment-amendment-2013.pdf
The Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 has introduced two new offences into the
Protection from Harassment Act 1997 and added additional search powers for police
officers. These amendments make it easier to protect the public in cases of stalking,
and came into effect November 2012. This briefing note details the new laws and
additional powers afforded to police officers and staff.
Homicide
Getting away with murder: a thematic approach to solved and unsolved

sexual homicides using crime scene factors.
BALEMBA, Samantha; BEAUREGARD, Eric; MARTINCEAU, Melissa
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2013.846548
Examines crime scene factors of 350 sexual homicides using police data and latent
class analyses to determine offense types as they relate to homicide clearance,
followed by an in-depth examination of unsolved cases. It suggests there are three
47
classes of sexual homicide: Sloppy/Reckless; Violent/Sadistic; and Forensically Aware.

Within the unsolved sample, there exist two distinct classes: Forensically Aware and
Not Forensically Aware (i.e. lucky).
Working smarter on cold cases: identifying factors associated with

successful cold case investigations.
DAVIS, Robert C; JENSEN, Carl J; BURGETTE, Lane; BURNETT, Kathryn
Journal of Forensic Sciences, Vol. 59 no. 2, 2014, p.375-382.
4029.12384
This study reviewed 189 solved and unsolved cold cases in Washington, D.C., to
determine whether there are factors that can predict cold case solvability. In the
interviews, new information from witnesses or information from new witnesses was
cited as the most prevalent reason for case clearance.
Adult male-on-female stranger sexual homicide: a descriptive (baseline)

study from Great Britain.
GREENALL, Paul V; RICHARDSON, Clare
Homicide Studies, April 2014
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088767914530555
Using data gathered by various British police forces, this study presents a descriptive
profile of adult male-on-female stranger sexual homicide in Great Britain in recent
years. Along with demographic and occupational data on offenders and victims, the
criminal histories of offenders are illustrated as are their offense behaviors. The
results are discussed in light of similar research, and future directions and
implications are considered.
Cold case research: resources for unidentified, missing and cold homicide
cases.
PETTEM, Silvia
Boca Raton CRC Press 2013 301p. figs., bibliogs. 45.74
ISBN: 9781439861691
3SA PET
Cases in which all investigative leads appear to be exhausted are frustrating for both
investigators and victims' families. Cold cases range from only a few months old to
many decades. Including profiles and actual case histories, this book details how
investigators can successfully apply resources that will enable them to reopen and
solve cold cases
Cold case investigators need to be internet savvy, making best use of the rapidly
changing methodologies of the twenty-first century, but also able to open the door to
the past. This book brings together the skill sets of traditional historical researchers
together with the latest online tools, including TLO, a premier investigative system;
and NamUs, the revolutionary database for missing persons and unidentified remains.
Including practical applications, Cold Case Research gives investigators the tools they
need to save time and money and to reopen their cold cases, while keeping others
from going cold in the future.
48
Influence of gentrification on gang homicides in Chicago neighbourhoods,

1994 to 2005.
SMITH, Chris M
This study finds that demographic shifts have a strong negative effect on gang
homicide. Private investment gentrification, measured as the proliferation of coffee
shops, has a marginally significant and negative effect on gang homicide. In contrast,
state-based gentrification (the demolition of public housing) has a positive effect on
gang homicide.
Human Resource Management
Counselling skills for dummies. (2nd ed.)

EVANS, Gail
For Dummies (Psychology & Self Help),
Chichester John Wiley and Sons 2013 10.29
ISBN: 9781118657324
A basic introduction to the skills of listening and communication, identifying problems
and moving to solutions.
Human Rights
Decade of human rights in criminal justice.

ASHWORTH, Andrew
This review looks at conflicts between European human rights law and English
criminal law, developments in human rights and policing, the European Court's
developing jurisprudence on life imprisonment and preventive sentencing generally,
and assess the latest steps by the British Government to secure deportations to
countries with bad human rights records.
49
Intelligence Led Policing
Base rates and Bayes' theorem for decision support.

ALLEN, Jared Charles; GOODWILL, Aladsdair M; WATTERS, Kyle; BEAUREGARD, Eric
This paper discusses best practices for creating quantitative behavioural investigative
advice (i.e. statements to assist police with psychological and behavioural aspects of
investigations) where complex statistical modelling is not available. Using a sample of
361 serial stranger sexual offenses and a cross-validation approach, the paper
demonstrates prediction of offender characteristics using base rates and using Bayes
Theorem are better than chance, with analyses based on Bayes' theorem being 11%
better than base rates.
International Policing
How to tackle (Organised) crime in Europe? The EU policy cycle on serious

and organised crime and the new emphasis on harm.
PAOLI, Letizia
p.1-12.
This editorial discusses the EU policy cycle which draws from Europol's Serious and
Organized Crime Threat Assessment (SOCTA) which recommends that the criminal
activities and perpetrators should be prioritised. It argues that the assessment needs
to be made in a more systematic and transparent manner.
European arrest warrant and fundamental rights: risks of violation of

fundamental human rights through the EU framework decision in light of the
ECHR.
SCHALLMOSER, Nina Marlene
p.135-165.
22022044
This article is a summary of the authors PhD thesis and declares the European Court
of Human Rights as the responsible authority for minimizing the risk of violation of
fundamental rights.
50
Internet
Virtual centre of excellence for research in violent online political extremism.

WEBSITE
http://voxpol.eu/
VoxPol is an EU funded project which seeks to explore how the Internet is being used
by extremists from all political and religious stances. It is supported by a consortium
of international research bodies who include: Oxford Internet Institute, University of
Oxford, International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation, Kings College London,
University of Amsterdam, Institut fur Friedensforschung und Sicherheitspolitik ander
Universitat Hamburg. The site provides information on forthcoming events.
Online dating romance scam: causes and consequences of victimhood.

BUCHANAN, Tom; WHITTY, Monica T
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2013.772180
This research found that high scores on the romantic belief of idealization were
associated with likelihood of being a romance scam victim. Victims experienced
significant emotional distress as well as financial losses. Even respondents who
reported being fooled by scammers, but who had not lost any money, reported
significant distress. Level of emotional distress was associated with high neuroticism,
and also with high loneliness and low openness to experience among victims not
losing money.
Obscene conversations, the internet and the criminal law.

GILLESPIE, Alisdair
This article considers conversations that relate to illegal activity and does not consider
the law of conspiracy. It examines the criminal law position where two people talk
about illegal sexual activity as part of a fantasy.
Cyber secure: the rise in cyber attacks has led to an increased demand in
training to help combat such crimes.
INVESTIGATOR.
Discusses the College of Policing training in how to deal with cyber crime and the role
of the National Cyber Crime Unit within the National Crime Agency.
Fake or real.
KUSIC, Mark
Discusses how to identify suspicious web sites and tell if they are selling fake
products.
51
Buzzing communities: how to build bigger, better and more active online
communities.
MILLINGTON, Richard
Charleston FeverBee 2012 291p. figs., bibliog.
ISBN: 9780988359901
302.231 MIL
This book is a step by stop guide to online community management. Part 1 covers
how to manage your community, strategy, growth, content, moderation, influence
and relationships, events and activities, business integration, return on investment
and user experience. Part 2 covers everything you need to know about your
members, the community ecosystem, competition, existing online communities, the
audience, demographics, habits and psychographics and community management
success.
Knowledge Management
Collaborative knowledge networks.

ROCHE, Helen
London Ark Group 2013 88p. bibliogs. 202.50
ISBN: 9781783580217
658.4038 ROC
In order to benefit from the knowledge held by its employees, an organisation needs
to enable effective knowledge transfer between them. This book contains case studies
and advice on developing collaborative knowledge networks that encourage
employees to share information. This can lead to greater idea generation, innovation
and organisational cost savings. These networks can take the form of intranets,
knowledge hubs or social networks, and are the key to sharing and disseminating
information within an organisation. This book looks at how an organisation can
establish a collaborative knowledge network, how to encourage knowledge sharing
and how to encourage employees to become active participants
52
Leadership
Transformational leadership: a quasi-experimental study.
ARTHUR, Calum Alexander; HARDY, Lew
Leadership and Organisation Development Journal, Vol. 35 no. 1, 2014, p.38-53.
Link to full text (via PNN) http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-03-2012-0033
Pre-test data were collected four months prior to a transformational leadership
intervention starting and the post-test data were collected eight months after the
intervention had started. Follower perceptions of their leader's behaviour and group
cohesion, together with training outcome data were used to evaluate the
effectiveness of the intervention.
Leadership: all you need to know.

PENDLETON, David; FURNHAM, Adrian
Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan 2012 186p. figs., tabs., bibliog. 18.76
ISBN: 9780230319455
658.4092 PEN
It is when times are hard that leadership makes the greatest difference. This book
shows how to make the kind of difference that both public and private sector
organizations want and need. The first chapters show the powerful effect that
leadership can have on organizations; later chapters present new ideas that are based
on the best research in the field. The ideas in this book have been tested in major
multinational organizations over recent years with the aim of providing leaders and
those who work with them with a practical guide to how to increase the effectiveness
of leadership in any organization.
Four-cornered leadership: a framework for making decisions.

SCHULTZ, John Roland
New York Productivity Press 2013 261p., figs., tabs., bibliog. 34.85
ISBN: 9781466592896
658.403 SCH
This book presents a view of leadership that is based on learning and constant
modification. It looks at organizational dynamics and the core competencies
necessary for successful leadership.
53
Learning Disabilities
Performances of eye witnesses with intellectual disabilities on photographic

identification line-ups.
WILCOCK, Rachel; HENRY, Lucy
International Journal of Disability Development and Education, Vol. 60 no.1, 2013,
p.44-52.
3JH WIL PAMPHLET
This study examines the identification performance of adults both with and without
intellectual disabilities (ID) on both a perpetrator present and a perpetrator absent
photographic line-up. It investigates potential difficulties such as face recognition
performance, eyewitness confidence, understanding the purpose of a line-up and
memory for non-biased line-up instructions. Participants with ID demonstrated poorer
performance, when compared with typical adults, across both types of line-ups but
were more confident in the accuracy of their responses. In addition they were less
likely to understand the purpose of the line-up and remember the instructions as well
as having poorer face recognition performance.
Management
Balancing strategy and accountability: a model for the governance of

professional associations.
FRIEDMAN, Andrew; PHILLIPS, Mary
Nonprofit Management and Leadership, Vol. 15 no. 2, Winter 2004, P187-204.
2004 18p. bibliog.
658.422 FRI PAMPHLET
It is a time of uncertainty and change for professional associations with which their
traditional governance structure struggles to cope. After describing this and briefly
examining the literature on governance the paper outlines a project aimed at
supporting redesign of governance structures and procedures among 5 professional
associations in the UK. It examines 3 specific issues: size of councils (governing
bodies), their composition in relation to electoral processes, and the development of
inner councils, or executive boards, within councils. Finally the paper presents the
normative cupped hands model, arising from the research, offering a possible means
of balancing the representation required by their status as membership associations
with the requirement that they become more strategic and proactive.
54
Adapt: why success always starts with failure.

HARFORD, Tim
London Abacus 2012 309p., bibliog. 2.81
ISBN: 9780349121512
153.43 HAR
In this book, Tim Harford shows how the world's most complex and important
problems - including terrorism, climate change, poverty, innovation, and the financial
crisis - can only be solved from the bottom up by rapid experimenting and adapting.
55
Mental Health
Policing and the mentally ill: international perspectives.

CHAPPELL, Duncan
Advances in police theory and practice,
Boca Raton CRC Press 2013 342p., 55.68
ISBN: 9781439881163
3GF CHA
This book looks at the interactions between police and persons with mental illness. It
offers a cross-cultural perspective, looking specifically at work in North America,
Europe, Australia and the developing world.
Missing Persons
Cost of missing person investigations: implications for current debates.

GREENE, Karen Shalev; PAKES, Francis
A survey of 407 officers and staff in two UK forces and a realistic case assessment
undertaken by 33 officers in two UK forces produced cost estimates that are higher
than often assumed or previously reported (1,325.44 as a realistic minimum and
2,415.80 as a realistic estimate of cost of medium-risk medium-term cases). This
shows that missing person investigations are a bigger drain on police resources then
either theft or assault. This result is placed into context of current developments such
as the commodification and the outsourcing of policing tasks and recent changes in
policy involving missing person investigations.
Living in limbo: five years on. A summary of work to improve the support
available to the families of missing people.
STEYNE, Rachel; ALVES, Helen; ROBINSON, Karen; TOWELL, Holly; HOLMES, Lucy
London Missing People 2013 32p., figs., bibliog.
INTERNET RESOURCE
Link to full text http://www.missingpeople.org.uk/downloads/living-in-limbo-5-
years-on
Living in Limbo: Five Years On outlines the ways in which support services and
agency responses have improved since 2008, and highlights areas for continued
improvement. This report will identify the progress that has been made towards
meeting the original Living in Limbo recommendations. It contains 3 chapters:
Chapter 1, Meeting the emotional needs of the families of missing people: Chapter 2,
Providing practical and legal support for the families of missing people: Chapter 3,
Working together to support the families of missing people.
56
Organization Development
Improving organisational performance: red team policing and partnerships.

COLIANDRIS, Geoff; ROGERS, Colin
The concepts of 'red teaming' and 'alternative analysis' are relatively well established
in other sectors, but are under-developed within policing. They offer flexible
conceptual and practical resources which can challenge established models, thinking
and practices.
Penal Process
Death in the cells: when a person dies in police custody, the trauma runs
deep on all sides.
BROOK, Ellen
New Zealand Police Association Newsletter, Vol. 47 no. 3, April 2014, p.64, 65 & 67.
Discusses a specific case and changes made to improve the monitoring of vulnerable
people who have been arrested.
Electronic monitoring
CRIMINAL JUSTICE MATTERS.
Criminal Justice Matters, No. 95, March 2014
Routledge 2014 35p. bibliogs.
3KJB CRI PAMPHLET
This themed edition covers the uses of electronic monitoring (EM) in Sweden, the
Netherlands, Germany, Portugal, Belgium, Australia and the USA, the problems that
women have coping with electronic monitoring and the global trade in EM technology.
Other papers look at the Prison Inspectorate's report on Feltham Young Offenders
Institution, the state's role in silencing whistle-blowers, people, policing and power,
the death of Fusilier Lee Rigby in Woolwich and the relationship between the 'victim',
the criminal' and the 'state' and finally the problem of 'taking sides' when conducting
fieldwork in prisons.
57
Police Corruption
Police reforms in the republic of Georgia: the convergence of domestic and

foreign policy in an anti-corruption drive.
LIGHT, Matthew
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2013.784289
This paper describes the scope and nature of the police reforms, analyses their
effectiveness and considers the way in which they have been closely associated with
the Saakashvili presidency.
Police Efficiency
Increasing efficiency in the police service: the role of collaboration.

HER MAJESTY'S INSPECTORATE OF CONSTABULARY.
2012 79p., figs., tabs.
INTERNET RESOURCE
Link to full text http://library.college.police.uk/docs/hmic/increasing-efficiency-
in-the-police-service-2012.pdf
Police collaboration is not a new phenomenon. Forces in England and Wales have
always looked to share resources and to outsource some parts of their business in
order to increase their operational resilience.
Sharing resources can also result in significant savings. This makes collaboration.
whether with another force, the public or private sector, one option available to the
police as they work to close the 20% savings requirement outlined in the October
2010 Spending Review (SR).
However, when Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC) last asked about
this, only 29 of the 43 forces across England and Wales had identified how savings
could be made through collaboration. HMIC therefore took a further snapshot of
collaborative activity in winter 2011 to see if progress had been made.
This report describes what was found, and includes the projected financial savings
from collaborative activity over the spending review period, the first time these
comparative data have been collected or published. It also includes case studies of
how different forces are collaborating (and with whom); and provides data and
analysis to enable forces and their governing bodies to make informed choices when
considering the value of future collaborations. It ends with some key questions that
might be useful to forces in making these decisions.
58
Police Ethics
Code of ethics: principles and standards of professional behaviour for the

police forces of England and Wales.
COLLEGE OF POLICING.
Ryton-on-Dunsmore College of Policing 2014 32p. Summary 2p.
INTERNET RESOURCE
Link to full text http://www.college.police.uk/college-of-policing/Code-of-Ethics-
2014.pdf
The Code of Ethics has been produced by the College of Policing in its role as the
professional body for policing. It sets and defines the exemplary standards of
behaviour for everyone who works in policing. The main components of the Code are
sets of principles and standards of professional behaviour.
Impact of codes of ethics on behaviour: a rapid evidence assessment.

Includes data pack on public trust and confidence in the police.
COLLEGE OF POLICING.; BROWN, David; QUINTON, Paul
2014 11p., bibliog. Data pack 39p.
INTERNET RESOURCE
Link to full text http://www.college.police.uk/college-of-policing/REA-codes-of-
ethics-2014.pdf
Overall, evidence on the impact of codes of ethics on behaviour from a rapid review
was found to be consistent and broadly positive. Laboratory and field experiments
reviewed showed codes can encourage people to behave with integrity. While there
are no studies from a policing context, issues were identified that can potentially
impact on the success of a code: the importance of people actively stating they will
abide by a code; the importance of fairness and role-modelling by senior figures; and
providing regular follow-up especially for anyone who has been found to have
committed a minor breach of the code. There is scope for further testing given many
of the studies were conducted in simulated environments, with non-police personnel,
using a variety of different types of ethical guideline.
The data pack provides an overview of the published national survey evidence on
public trust and confidence in the police. It includes data from the Crime Survey of
England and Wales, the IPCC public survey, the Standards in Public Life survey and
the HMIC public survey.
Careful before you blow that whistle.

FELDMAN, Estelle
Garda Review, Vol. 42 no. 2, March 2014, p.6-7.
Considers the possible financial redress versus the loss in salary and argues that
whistleblower protection legislation may be little more than hot air.
59
Handbook of policing, ethic and professional standards.

MACVEAN, Allyson; SPINDLER, Peter; SOLF, charlotte
Abingdon Routledge 2013
ISBN: 9780203097403
INTERNET RESOURCE
https://www.dawsonera.com/abstract/9780203097403
This book is divided into four parts. Part 1 considers the theories and principles of
professional standards and ethical policing. Part 2 explores what professional and
ethical policing looks like in practice. Part 3 provides some description and analysis of
comparative forms of professional standards and ethical policing and Part 4 examines
a range of contemporary issues in relation to professional standards.
60
Police Governance
Police and Crime Commissioners: the first twelve months.

BRAIN, Timothy
Concludes that the government has succeeded with PCCs in implementing a major
plank of the Conservative party's 2010 manifesto. It can reasonably be anticipated
that the Conservatives will promote this record at the next election, but it is too early
to tell if PCCs are adding value to policing in England and Wales. A compelling case
for their retention as a means of police governance is therefore yet to be made.
Labour has still to determine whether it will offer the electorate an alternative in
2015.
Who is policing the Police and Crime Commissioners?

CHAMBERS, Sophie J
Analysing major events in the first nine months of the implementation of Police and
Crime Commissioners, central government have been required to take a more
prominent role in scrutiny in certain regions than first envisaged, due to ambiguity of
legislative guidelines.
Path to Police and Crime Commissioners.

DAVIES, Matthew
This paper notes that the politicization of the police began in the 1980s well before
the introduction of PCCs and was in fact one of the key antecedents behind the
introduction of PCCs. Simultaneous growth of managerialist practices further enabled
politicians to interfere with policing in ways which eventually laid the foundation for
PCCs. Lastly, the investigation illustrates how the policy architecture then drew
inspiration from models of police governance from the USA, which chimed well with a
new generation of Conservatives intent on police reform.
Reforming police governance in England and Wales: managerialisation and

the politics of organisational regime change.
GILLING, Daniel
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2013.784307
Examines reforms to the governance of local policing in England and Wales over the
last two decades, from the managerialisation of policing in the early 1990s through to
recent plans for the introduction of Police and Crime Commissioners and considers the
politically driven shifts in organisational regimes.
61
Scrutinising the role of the Police and Crime Panel in the new era of police
governance in England and Wales.
LISTER, Stuart
During the first year of operation, the role of the PCP in the new constitutional
arrangements for governing police forces in England and Wales has been widely
criticised. This paper explores reasons that may impinge on the effectiveness of these
local bodies to scrutinise how Police and Crime Commissioners discharge their
statutory functions. In particular, it considers the limited powers of the panel, the
contradictions of the 'critical/friend' model of scrutiny, the extent of political
alignment between 'the scrutinisers' and 'the scrutinee', and the ability of the latter to
constrain the scrutiny function of the former.
PCCs, neo-liberal hegemony and democratic policing.

TURNER, Liz
This paper argues some enduring myths of policing, including the myth that the police
impartially uphold an impartial law, lend themselves to the depoliticisation of policing.
Police Integrity
Onset of police misconduct.

HARRIS, Christopher
Black officers and officers with poor academy performance were at an increased
likelihood of onset when compared to white and Hispanic officers and those who did
better in the academy, while having a college degree lowered this likelihood. Officers
whose first complaints were filed by citizens, and officers working certain patrol zones
had quicker onset times. Those officers whose first complaint was related to service,
as well as officers with prior military service, had longer onset times.
Risk assessment and risk management in policing.

WORDEN, Robert E; HARRIS, Christopher; MCLEAN, Sarah J
This paper finds that there is good reason to believe that the tools used to assess the
risk of misconduct make suboptimal predictions about officer performance because
they rely on limited information of dubious value. Also that the predictive models on
which the tools are based could be improved by better emulating procedures for
assessing offenders' risk of recidivism.
62
Police Leadership
Police culture and transformational leadership: outlining the contours of a

troubled relationship.
COCKCROFT, Tom
Link to full text http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pat040
This article presents an argument to suggest that the application of transformational
leadership models to policing needs a more robust critique.
Police leadership: systematic review of the literature.

PEARSON-GOFF, Mitchell; HERRINGTON, Victoria
This article looks at the characteristics of police leaders and the activities they
undertake by reviewing the literature.
Police chief leadership: styles and effectiveness.

SARVER, Mary B; MILLER, Holly
This found that police chiefs were fairly evenly classified across leadership styles with
the transformational leaders rated as most effective.
Police Reform
Space between: negotiating the contours of nodal security governance

through safer communities in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
BLAUSTEIN, Jarrett
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2013.785547
Analysing Safer Communities as a contact zone provides insight into the power
politics of the project and into the important role that capital and nodal proximity play
in determining the translational capacities of different stakeholders. This study affirms
the influence of supranational institutions like the European Commission and their
ability to draw upon substantial economic capital to align the outputs of local security
nodes from a distance
63
Police Surveillance
Routledge handbook of surveillance studies.

BALL, Kirstie; HAGGERTY, Kevin; LYON, David
Routledge International Handbooks,
London Routledge 2014 437p. figs., tabs., bibliogs. 35.19
ISBN: 9781138026025
323.4482 BAL
Surveillance is a central organizing practice. Gathering personal data and processing
them in searchable databases aides administrative efficiency but also raises questions
about security, governance, civil liberties and privacy. Surveillance can both cover the
globe in cooperative schemes, such as sharing biometric data, and be localized in the
minutiae of daily life. This book contains over forty essays by some of the leading
authors in the field of Surveillance Studies, covering the challenges of surveillance
and population control; policing, intelligence and war; the new social networking
media; the emerging capacities of geo-location, identity recognition and real time
tracking, as well as future regulation and resistance. In 4 parts. Part 1 covers
understanding surveillance, politics, privacy, race and the cultures of surveillance;
Part 2 covers surveillance techniques and social divisions of surveillance; Part 3
covers surveillance contexts, population control, crime and policing, production,
consumption, administration; Part 4 covers limiting surveillance, ethics, law, policy,
regulation and resistance.
Police Use of Firearms
Armed and dangerous: no-knock raids, assault weapons and armoured cars:
America's police use paramilitary tactics too often.
ECONOMIST
Economist, Vol. 410 no. 8879, 22 March 2014, p.12&14.
Discusses the increasing use of body armour and military style weapons when serving
warrants in drug-related cases in America.
Police responses in officer-involved violent deaths: comparison of suicide by

cop and non-suicide by cop incidents.
LORD, Vivian B
Police Quarterly, Vol. 17 no. 1, 2014, p.79-100.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611114522040
This research uses National Violent Death Reporting System data and finds that there
are different significant predictors impacting different levels of police actions between
and with suicide by cop and other cases.
64
Police organisation and deadly force: an examination of variation across

large and small cities.
WILLITS, Dale W; NOWACKI, Jeffrey S
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2013.784314
Examines organisational and structural predictors of police use of deadly force for
large and small cities in the USA using data from the Supplementary Homicide
Reports, the 2000 American Census and Law Enforcement Management and
Administrative Statistics Survey. Results indicate that organisational characteristics
are more salient for large cities than small cities.
Policing
How are police doing in combating crime? An exploratory study of efficiency

analysis of the Policia Nacional Civil in Guatemala.
ALDA, Erik
This research found that 4 out of 22 police departments were considered efficient. The
average efficiency score for the 22 police departments was 62 percent.
Place of civilians in policing.

ALDERDEN, Megan; SKOGAN, Wesley G
Finds that contentment with pay and benefits, lower levels of work-related stress,
equality in the workplace, and feelings of acceptance were associated with civilian
employee satisfaction.
Police initiated contacts: young people, ethnicity and the usual suspects.
ARIZA, Juan Jose Medina
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2013.784301
Uses data from the Offending Crime and Justice Survey to estimate the factors that
affect the likelihood of police-initiated contacts. Findings show that even when
controlled for other socio-demographic factors, self-reported illegal behaviour, area
characteristics and degree of street presence, ethnic minorities are still found to be
disproportionately approached by the police in their use of powers to stop and search
65
Policing and social identity: procedural justice, inclusion and cooperation

between police and public.
BRADFORD, Ben
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2012.724068
Data from a survey of young Londoners show that perceptions of police fairness are
associated with social identity, and in turn social identity can be linked to cooperation.
These relationships were much stronger among those with multiple national identities.
Police behaviour appeared more identity relevant for people who felt that they were
citizens of a non-UK country, but for those who identified only as British there was a
weaker link between procedural fairness and social identity, and here legitimacy
judgements were the main drivers of cooperation.
Blue light communities: cultural interoperability and shared learning

between ambulance staff and police officers in emergency response.
CHARMAN, Sarah
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2013.784306
Examines interoperability between police officers and ambulance staff engaging in
street work. Based on interviews with 45 practitioners, it exposes the cultural
dynamics of working together and discusses various dimensions of situated learning
between police officers and ambulance staff which enable these two professions to
operate in a relatively coherent fashion. It focuses on two critical cultural features of
interoperability: communication and exchange based behaviour
Attitudes towards women in policing: an empirical inquiry into the gender

views of police cadets in Taiwan.
CHU, Doris C; TSAO, Chang-Chi
Male cadets had reservations about females capability and physical strength in
handling certain aspects of police work, but they supported women being assigned to
equal or similar duties as men upon entry into the police force. Compared to male
cadets, female cadets were more likely to perceive females as being competent as
males and thus adequate for police work. Nevertheless, female cadets were reluctant
to embrace women's integration into police work, which might require them to
perform duties similar to or the same as those of men, such as patrol.
Social disorganization and police performance to burglary calls: a tale of two

cities.
CIHAN, Abdullah
Policing: an International Journal, Vol. 37 no. 2, 2014, p.340-354
An analysis of the Dallas and Houston in-progress calls produced somewhat consistent
findings on the relationship between the level of social disorganization and police
response time. Concentrated disadvantage, immigrant concentration, and residential
66
stability are important predictors of the distribution of police response time patterns
in both cities.
State of policing: the annual assessment of policing in England and Wales

2012/13.
HER MAJESTY'S CHIEF INSPECTOR OF CONSTABULARY
London 2014 203p.
ISBN: 9781782463351
3CD HER OUTSIZE
Link to full text http://library.college.police.uk/docs/hmic/state-of-policing-
2012-to-13.pdf
This report looks at the efficiency and effectiveness of policing in England and Wales
in 2012-13.
Mayberry revisited: a review of the influence of police paramilitary units on

policing.
HEYER, Garth den
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2013.784304
This paper refutes the proposition that policing has become or has increased in
militarisation and analyses the original survey findings and subsequent literature in a
wider context, which includes the argument of the professionalisation or the evolution
of policing.
Ten seasons of the football banning order: police officer narratives on the
operation of banning orders and the impact on the behaviour of risk
supporters.
HOPKINS, Matt
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2013.784293
Based on interviews with police officers responsible for the operation of banning
orders, this research shows that police officers construct narratives that emphasise
the need to control risk supporters and suggest banning orders have worked to serve
this function. However, the data also suggests that the number of banning orders
implemented is partially generated by pressure to deliver targets and a desire of
officers to justify and preserve their roles. This raises questions about the extent to
which pressures to ensure banning orders are issued outweigh any ethical concerns
over the use of the legislation.
67
Marketization, knowledge work and visibility in 'users pay' policing in

Canada.
LIPPERT, Randy K; WALBY, Kevin
Explores a users pay form of police moonlighting in Ontario called pay duty by
interviews with police personnel and service users. This article raises questions about
this form of policing in relation to police marketisation, knowledge work and visibility.
Police-public interactions: a grid-group cultural theory perspective.

LOYENS, Kim; MAESSCHALCK, Jeroen
The literature on police culture suggests that police officers attitude towards the
public is characterised by suspicion and an us-vs-them mentality. It also refers to
the moral mission of protecting the public by being tough on crime. The traditional
model implies that these aspects are typical for the police. This study shows that
there are similarities in the way in which Belgian police officers and labour inspectors
interact with the public, which raises interesting questions concerning the claim of the
police culture literature concerning the specificity of police culture.
Explaining the pattern of growth in strategic actions taken by police services

during the New Labour years: an exploratory study of an English Police
Service.
MARNOCH, Gordon; TOPPING, John; BOYD, Gavin
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2013.784291
The common perception that police mission has been subject to expansionary
pressures is examined by analysing new and cyclical policy issues and determining
whether the strategic response is locally or centrally directed. While it was observed
that the capacity of police leaders to focus on core policing roles has been somewhat
compromised, this cannot be explained purely in terms of central government
pressure. The concept of path dependency is used to explain how this has occurred.
Speech by Theresa May to Police Federation Conference May 2014.

MAY, Theresa
INTERNET RESOURCE
Link to full text https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/home-secretarys-police-
federation-2014-speech
Text of the speech given by Home Secretary Theresa May to the annual conference of
the Police Federation.
68
Community support for license plate recognition.

MEROLA, Linda M; LUM, Cynthia; CAVE, Breanne; HIBDON, Julie
This paper finds substantial support for many license plate recognition uses, although
the public appear to know little about the technology. Support is qualified depending
upon the use at issue, and decreases where the use involves purposes unrelated to
vehicle enforcement, involves prolonged storage of individuals' travel data and the
extent to which it is perceived as impacting "average" members of the community.
Police-led partnership responses to high risk youths and their families:

challenges associated with forming successful and sustainable partnerships.
MEYER, Silke; MAZEROLLE, Lorraine
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2013.784295
This paper uses the Family Engagement Strategy (FES) to explore the barriers and
challenges to forming effective and sustainable crime control partnerships. Interviews
with 17 agency representatives in the FES programme, found that crime control
partnerships are particularly difficult when there is a lack of philosophical fit between
partner agencies; when there is a lack of clarity around the project's aims and
objectives; when the programme fails to articulate each partners' roles and
responsibilities; and when there is a lack of understanding of capacities and
boundaries.
Police innovation paradigm in the United States and Japan.

OKABE, Ryuji
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2012.754125
While the American paradigm has apparent strengths in generation and promotion of
innovative ideas, precise implementation of those ideas seems to be more successful
in Japan.
Arresting evidence: confusion or clarity on domestic violence?

POLICE PROFESSIONAL
Police Professional, No. 401, 17 April 2014
Aylesbury Verdant Media 2014 30p. illus.
3A POL PAMPHLET
This week's edition looks at the call by Dyfed-Powys Police and Crime Commissioner
for the Association of Chief Police Officers to be disbanded, innovative restorative
justice programmes in the US, the N8 partnership of 8 research intensive universities
in North East England and how it supports the police by mutually beneficial research,
how the challenges of digital crime will require a collaborative policing approach, PCC
initiative to support ex-service personnel at risk of offending, data retention and the
scrapping of the Draft Communications Data Bill. The main feature covers the fourth
Society of Evidence Based Policing conference and the long term effects of mandatory
arrest policies on domestic violence in the US.
69
Ascent of LTE?: evolving communications technology.

POLICE PROFESSIONAL
Police Professional, No. 400, 10 April 2014.
Aylesbury Verdant Media 2014 30p., illus.
3A POL PAMPHLET
This week's edition looks at how police reform is no longer driven solely by funding
cuts, an innovative anti-theft campaign by British Transport Police, the challenges
behind the recent fall in crime rates and a look at pensions and recent case law. The
main feature covers the replacement of Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) with a
high-speed long-term evolution (LTE) network, and looks at the new devices and
processes officers could be using in the coming years.
Digital conundrum: a call to reduce demand.

POLICE PROFESSIONAL
Police Professional, No. 407, 29 May 2014.
Aylesbury Verdant Media 30p., illus.
3A POL PAMPHLET
This week's edition looks at the Police Federation annual conference, the European
Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction annual report, the challenges facing
Gwent Police and South Wales Police in securing the NATO conference, the Capita
Driving Forward Diversity in the Police conference and how Humberside Police is
helping ASDA reduce retail theft. The main feature covers how the police is using
social media and compares it to the police response to the increasing use of
telephones in the 1950s
Engaging change: modelling on business practices.

POLICE PROFESSIONAL
3A POL PAMPHLET
This week's edition looks at the recommendation that responsibility for counter-
terrorism policing should be moved to the National Crime Agency, the future of the
Police ICT Company, public confidence in stop and search, a recreational activities
website as an answer to anti-social behaviour in the Cleveland area and whether
police officers should be allowed to confer after police related deaths or serious
injuries. The main feature covers how Avon and Somerset Constabulary is using
business methodology, public expectations and workforce engagement exercises to
remodel the way it functions.
Equipped for transition: graduating to the strategic level.

POLICE PROFESSIONAL
Police Professional, No. 399, 03 April 2014.
3A POL PAMPHLET
This week's edition looks at the police operation deployed to control protests about
the recent badger cull, the new Rural Crime Network which aims to bring key
stakeholders together to enable information and practice sharing between police and
rural partners in rural environments and the goals and planned reforms for the
70
proposed restructure of the British Transport Police. The main feature covers
participants from the 2014 Strategic Command Course speaking about the value of
the course in the current economic climate and how it aims to equip participants with
the ability to progress to organisational command positions.
Inspirational women: shining a light on shifting expectations.

POLICE PROFESSIONAL
3A POL PAMPHLET
This week's edition looks at the use of anti-social behaviour injunctions to disrupt
gang activities, the importance of effective communications in a crisis situation
affecting Ulster Bank, the roll out of body-worn video cameras to Staffordshire Police,
the use of Reverse 911 software in an emergency incident and how a partnership
approach cut crime in NCP car parks. The main feature covers how the Senior Women
in Policing (SWIP) conference heard presentations from three senior police leaders (
Judith Gillespie, Sara Thornton and Cressida Dick) who were described as inspirational
and role models.
Present resources: IPCC marks ten years and new expansion.

POLICE PROFESSIONAL
Aylesbury Verdant Media 2014 30p. illus.
3A POL PAMPHLET
This week's edition looks at how Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC)
has identified under-reporting of crime, the NSPCC helpline and how it can aid police
investigations, the use of social media as a communication tool for the police, why
reducing budgets may make force mergers more likely, Operation Hyperion,
Hampshire Constabulary's year long experiment with body-worn video and how
volunteers are helping to reduce burglary in Colchester. The main feature covers the
first 10 years of the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) and its
resources, staff and future policy
Question of capability: back to the drawing board on cybercrime

POLICE PROFESSIONAL
Police Professional, No. 402, 24 April 2014
Aylesbury Verdant Media 2014 30p. illus. 0.00
3A POL PAMPHLET
This week's edition looks at how West Yorkshire police has reorganised its force along
council ward boundaries and the use of Special Constables to bolster local policing, a
second article on the Society for Evidence Based Policing's conference looks at the
evidence used to determine public order policy and research that shows how some
leisure establishments affect crime levels around them, the development of the
Merseyside Police Just campaigns to get officers to engage with communities, act with
integrity and show leadership, the nudge theory of unconscious persuasion to deter
criminality, how the increased volume of CCTV footage is straining police resources.
The main feature covers how there is more crime happening online than offline yet
according to police leaders, forces are "hapless and clueless" when it comes to dealing
71
with victims of cybercrime when it should be a priority if communities are to be

protected from harm
Securing sobriety: pilots target alcohol-related crime.

POLICE PROFESSIONAL
3A POL PAMPHLET
This week's edition looks at why cyber crime is a new priority for West Yorkshire, the
use of conversation as an adjunct to enforcement and how chief constables are trying
to increase the proportion of black and minority ethnic officers. The main feature
covers the Forces that are piloting alcohol-detection tags in the UK and the evidence
they are acquiring on their effectiveness.
Female representation in law enforcement: the influence of screening,

unions, incentives, community policing, CALEA and size.
SHUCK, Amie M
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611114522467
This research shows that higher levels of female officer representation were
associated with organizations that emphasize community policing; have higher
education requirements, more incentives and benefits, no physical fitness screening
criteria, and no collective bargaining rights; belong to the Commission on
Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies; and serve larger and more racially and
ethnical diverse communities.
Institutional racism and police reform: an empirical critique.

SOUHAMI, Anna
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2012.703198
This paper questions the continuing use of the concept as a lever for reform, as
although it provoked an urgent reaction, its central ambiguities gave police services
difficulties in responding. It argues that it inadvertently focused attention on internal
police culture and so, despite the Inquiry's intention that the term would divert
attention away from a preoccupation with overt racism among police staff, this is
where reform activity was if fact directed.
Cops as treatment providers: realities and ironies of police work in a foot

patrol experiment.
WOOD, Jennifer; SORG, Evan T; GROFF, Elizabeth R; RATCLIFFE, Jerry H; TAYLOR,
Caitlin J
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2013.784292
This paper reports on field observations of foot patrol officers involved in a
randomised hot spots violence reduction experiment in Philadelphia which was
72
designed to capture officers' perceptions of foot patrol. They show the importance of
territoriality in a place-based intervention. Officers developed extensive local
knowledge of their beat areas, which allowed them to draw from a range of
techniques to exert spatial control in the management of disorder. The choice of
techniques depended in part on officer style, and the ways in which individual police
negotiated the tensions between reassurance policing and the crime fighting
demands of real police work. Perhaps most importantly, officers felt constrained by
the (artificial) parameters of an experiment that did not allow for the incorporation of
local knowledge.
Policing firearm violence: examining space-time associations between

shootings and firearms arrests to gauge police responsiveness.
WYANT, Brian
This research found that across Philadelphia, elevated patterns of firearm arrests
were about two and a half times greater than would be expected if shootings and
firearm arrests lacked a spatio-temporal association. Greater than expected patterns
of firearm arrests persisted for roughly a quarter of a mile and for about one week
from the shooting incident but the strength of these associations waned over space
and time.
Public Order
Processions or public disorder?

PARPWORTH, Neil
Criminal Law and Justice Weekly, Vol. 178 no. 12, 22 March 2014, p.178-180.
Discusses the conditions in which the police are able to impose conditions on a public
procession or public assembly.
Cherry Groce's son: 'we deserve answers'. Siblings appeal for legal aid to
find out why their mother was shot in a police raid.
PEARS, Elizabeth
Voice, No. 1620, 27 March - April 02 2014, p. 4-5.
Cherry Groce died in 2011 aged 63 as a result of a causal link to the injuries suffered
from being shot in 1985 - a catalyst for the Brixton riots.
73
Recruitment and Selection
You're hired! CV: how to write a brilliant CV. (Rev. ed.)

MILLS, Corinne
Richmond Trotman 2013 215p. 7.99
ISBN: 9781844551774
650.14 MIL
This book helps you plan and create the best possible CV for the position you are
applying for, whether it is your first job or you are moving your career forward. It
guides you through the preparation process, helping you to identify your most
relevant skills and experiences for the position you are applying for, then discusses
preparing the CV and the different types of CV you can write. It includes chapters on
job search strategies, internet recruitment sites, online Cvs and the use of social
media to find jobs, research companies and maintain a professional web presence.
How costly is diversity? Affirmative action in light of gender differences in

competitiveness.
NIEDERLE, Muriel; SEGAL, Carmit; VESTERLUND, Lise
Management Science, Vol. 59 no. 1, 2013, p.1-16.
2013 16p. figs., tabs., bibliog.
331.133 NIE PAMPHLET
This paper examines whether affirmative action encourages job applications in an
environment where "minority" candidates otherwise fail to apply for positions that
they are qualified to fill. It investigates the effect of introducing a gender quota in an
environment where high-performing women fail to enter a competition that they can
win. The paper shows that their entry is increased if women are guaranteed equal
representation amongst the winners.
CV coach
SCUDAMORE, Patricia; CATT, Hilton
Teach Yourself: business,
London Hodder and Stoughton 2014 213p. 9.09
ISBN: 9781471801532
650.14 SCU
This book uses the workbook method of interactive exercises and self assessment
tools to teach you how to write your CV. It covers identifying your strengths,
understanding what the recruiters are searching for and tailoring your CV for the
particular role.
74
Research Methods
Developing the application of systems thinking within the policing and

community safety sector: an action research study.
NEWSOME, Ian M.
PhD Thesis, Hull.,
2011 548p., figs., tabs., bibliog.
INTERNET RESOURCE
Link to full text http://library.college.police.uk/docs/theses/Newsome-systems-
thinking-2011.pdf
The increasingly complex, dynamic and pluralistic nature of the policing and
community safety environment is presenting a significant challenge to the problem
structuring and solving approaches traditionally used by managers in this sector. In
light of deficiencies of traditional approaches, developments in the field of systems
thinking have sought to tackle problem situations more holistically, employing a
variety of systems approaches in combination to improve success in problem
situations of greater plurality and complexity. In particular, Critical Systems Thinking
(CST) has evolved as a theory and philosophy to support multi-methodology problem
solving. This action research focuses on the actual and potential use of systems
approaches in the policing and community safety environment.
This action research has recognised the opportunity to improve the impact of CST
through the wider devolution of appropriate capability. A recursive model to reflect
upon the deployment of approaches appears to provide a coherent framework for
recognising the concurrent existence of CST at different 'application' levels and for
informing a deeper understanding of the role of the facilitator of CST; be that a
specialist, an organisational leader or a member of the workforce involved in change.
A particular value is seen in enhancing such development through the employment of
culturally acceptable approaches, including the concept of policing problem
archetypes that provide a platform for demonstrating the practical value of a diverse
range of systems approaches.
Boundary adherence during place-based policing evaluations: a research

note.
SORG, Evan T; WOOD, Jennifer D; GROFF, Elizabeth R; RATCLIFFE, Jerry H
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427814523789
Boundary misspecification can cause incorrect conclusions about the benefit of
receiving treatment as a diffusion of crime control benefits. Place-based experiments
should therefore take into account the various pressures on officers to adjust the
boundaries of their assignments by incorporating measures that track boundary
adherence over time
75
Risk Assessment
Exploratory study of crime risks and the planning process.

CLANCEY, Garner; FISHER, Daren; RUTHERFORD, Amanda
Analyses the impact since 2001 of the adoption of Section 79c guidelines in New
South Wales, Australia, on Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED).
Roads Policing
Blackstone's police manual 2014: volume 3 road policing. (16th ed.)

CONNOR, Paul
ISBN: 9780199680559
3FJB CON OUTSIZE
This manual covers the key parts of road traffic law and procedure. The law is stated
as at 1 June 2013. The book covers: definitions and principles; key police powers;
offences involving standards of driving; reportable accidents; drink, drugs and
driving; insurance; protection of drivers, riders and passengers; highways and safety
measures; construction and use; driver licensing; fixed penalty system; notices of
intended prosecution and forgery and falsification of documents.
Improving highway accident management through patrol beat scheduling.

WU, Jiann-Sheng; LOU, Tze-Chiang
The authors developed a patrol beat scheduling model with chance-constrained
optimization and suggest that if the National Highway Police Bureau adopt the
proposed model response times could be improved and a 24 percent reduction in
work hours could be translated into a cut in personnel cost.
76
Serious and Organized Crime
Improving the recovery of assets resulting from organised crime.

CABANA, Patricia
p.13-32.
22012037
The article focuses on overcoming internal obstacles in national legal culture, rather
than on aspects relating to international cooperation
Lush life: constructing organized crime in the UK.

HOBBS, Dick
OXFORD Oxford University Press 2013 309p., bibliog. 65.00
ISBN: 9780199668281
3MGD HOB
This book explores the world of organised crime in Britain and looks at how de-
industrialization, globalization and neo-liberalism have normalized activity that was
previously the exclusive domain of professional criminals. It also looks at the various
ways that violence functions within organized crime and looks at the criminal market
and the normalisation of criminality.
How to tackle (Organised) crime in Europe? The EU policy cycle on serious

and organised crime and the new emphasis on harm.
PAOLI, Letizia
p.1-12.
22012036
This editorial discusses the EU policy cycle which draws from Europol's Serious and
Organized Crime Threat Assessment (SOCTA) which recommends that the criminal
activities and perpetrators should be prioritised. It argues that the assessment needs
to be made in a more systematic and transparent manner.
Assessing the success factors of organized crime groups. Intelligence

challenges for strategic thinking.
RATCLIFFE, Jerry H; STRANG, Steven J; TAYLOR, Ralph B
Assessment of organized crime (OC) group capabilities is often the basis for national
threat assessments; it is rare, however, for variations in collective expert opinions of
OC success factors to be systematically evaluated. This paper examines the
differences in how 150 criminal intelligence experts from a variety of national and
organizational backgrounds sort and organize perceived attributes for OC group
success. Results show that perceptions of the ingredients for OC group success vary
77
by nationality and by analysts level within the hierarchy of the law enforcement
structure (local, state, national).
Structure versus activity. Policing organized crime in Italy and in the UK,
distance and convergence.
SERGI, Anna
Describe how Italian and British legal models for the fight against organized crime are
constructed and how different issues in policing strategies are largely depend on how
organized crime is perceived by the two nations. Both countries often face very
similar dilemmas, and these blur the boundaries between the two strategies adopted.
Sexual Offences
Child sex grooming: culture crime, racial stereotyping and the environment.
AKHTUR, Zia
p.167-196.
Considers the trial of Asian men for sexually grooming white girls at the Old Bailey
which led to their conviction in R v Akhtar Doggar and others (27/6/13). It argues
that this has intensified the debate about whether this a cultural crime and more
prevalent in men from ethnic minorities. The accusation that it is culture specific
brings with it the risk of racial discrimination and breach of the Human Rights Act
1998, under the Right to a Fair Trial.
Male-on-male sexual assaults: an analysis of crime scene actions.

ALMOND, Louise; MCMANUS, Michelle A; WARD, Lydia
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 29 no. 7, May 2014, p.1279-1296.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260513506282
Using the crime scene actions of 305 male-on-male sexual assault from a U.K.
national police database, multidimensional analysis was carried out. The proposed
framework was found to be a useful way of classifying male-on-male sexual
assaulters with 74% displaying a dominant theme. These resulted in 42% classified
as displaying hostility, 23% as control, and 9% as involvement.
78
Getting away with murder: a thematic approach to solved and unsolved

sexual homicides using crime scene factors.
BALEMBA, Samantha; BEAUREGARD, Eric; MARTINCEAU, Melissa
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2013.846548
Examines crime scene factors of 350 sexual homicides using police data and latent
class analyses to determine offense types as they relate to homicide clearance,
followed by an in-depth examination of unsolved cases. It suggests there are three
classes of sexual homicide: Sloppy/Reckless; Violent/Sadistic; and Forensically Aware.
Within the unsolved sample, there exist two distinct classes: Forensically Aware and
Not Forensically Aware (i.e. lucky).
Deconstructing victim and offender identities in discourses on child sexual

abuse: hierarchies, blame and the good/evil dialectic.
MCALINDEN, Anne-Marie
This article argues for the need to move beyond simplistic understandings of victims
and offenders of sexual crime and to reframe the politics of risk accordingly.
Processes and patterns in gay, lesbian and bisexual sexual assault: a

multimethodological assessment.
MENNING, Chadwick L; HOLTZMAN, Mellisa
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 29 no. 6, April 2014, p.1071-1093.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260513506056
An analysis of survey data of 342 respondents indicate that both sexual minority
status and sex are predictive of increased assault risk of most assault types, but that
most effects of sexual minority status are restricted to men.
Bystander's willingness to report theft, physical assault, and sexual assault:

impact of gender, anonymity and relationship with the offender.
NICKSA, Sarah C
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 29 no. 2, January 2014, p.217-236.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260513505146
A study of 295 college students showed that main effects were found for crime type,
bystanders gender, and bystanders relationship with the offender; anonymity was
not significant.
Australian police officers' perceptions of sex offender registries.

POWELL, Martine; DAY, Andrew; BENSON, mairi; VESS, Jim; GRAFFAM, Joe
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2013.784299
79
Twenty-four Australian police professionals, whose jobs were primarily associated

with the operation of sex offender registration schemes, participated in focus groups
in groups of 25 officers. They were asked to reflect on how their register operates,
how effective and efficient it is, the challenges faced in its administration and how the
registry process might be improved. The key challenges addressed included;
limitations in risk assessment expertise, restriction in legislative powers, and
inadequate opportunity for specialisation.
Criminalising sexual intimacy: transgender defendants and the legal

construction of non-consent.
SHARPE, Alex
This article challenges the legality and public policy interest in prosecuting
transgender people for sexual offences in circumstances where they do not disclose
their gender history to sexual partners in advance of intimacy
Sociology of Policing
Justice without trial: law enforcement in democratic society. (4th ed.)

SKOLNICK, Jerome H
New Orleans Quid Pro Books 2011 285p. 12.93
ISBN: 9781610270649
3AL SKO
This book is a sociological discussion of how governance by rule of law may be
enhanced or impeded. It examines the day-to-day behaviour of police and other
justice officials, in order to learn how those who are charged with enforcing criminal
law in a democratic society come to interpret rules of constraint and analyse the
practical dilemmas they face. The research for the book was based on a medium-
sized US city that the author calls Westville. The concerns of the era when the first
edition was published (1966) are still relevant today; the author added Epilogue A,
'Contemporary law enforcement in a democratic society' for the 2nd edition (1975)
and Epilogue B, 'The challenge of crime in the 1990s', for the 3rd edition (1994). This
4th edition includes a forward by MCCOY Candice and a new preface by the author.
80
Terrorism
Terrorism and organised crime: co-operative endeavours in Scotland?

GALLAGHER, Martin
Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 26 no. 2, April-June 2014, p.320-336.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2012.720623
It has been suggested that a nexus between terrorist groups and those involved in
organised crime exists. This study explores the co-operative possibilities that exist
between these phenomena, focusing specifically on the level of assistance participants
in organised criminal activity might provide to those engaged in terrorism, the initial
nexus. This was achieved initially through interviews with subject matter experts
with knowledge of the organised crime and counter terrorism situation in Scotland.
Thereafter, law enforcement personnel who investigate serious and organised crime
were interviewed, and their opinions sought in respect of the likely actions of those
they investigate. The data gathered is subject to analysis and comment are provided
as to what level of co-operation between those involved in organised crime and
terrorism can be expected; what motivational factors may have a bearing on the level
of co-operation provided; and discussion of tipping points, ethical or otherwise,
where the withdrawal of co-operation could occur, providing opportunities for
increasingly successful law enforcement intervention.
Policing terrorism and police-community relations: views of the Arab

minority in Israel.
HASISI, badi; WEISBURD, David
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2013.874173
The results show that both communities recognized the central role that the police
may play in dealing with terrorism, and they both expressed high levels of willingness
to cooperate with the police to fight against terrorism. However, Israeli Arabs
expressed more concern with the ramifications of police involvement in
counterterrorism on its relations with the Arabs in particular.
Homeland security risk and preparedness in police agencies: the

insignificance of actual risk factors.
HAYNES, Melissa R; GIBLIN, Matthew J
Police Quarterly, Vol. 17 no. 1, 2014, p.30-53
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611114526017
In this study, the objective risk factors of social vulnerability, experience with past
hazards, and built environment vulnerability not only fail to predict risk perceptions
but are also not associated with preparedness measures. However, consistent with
prior research, subjective risk perceptions remain a significant predictor of
preparedness levels.
81
How has the Israel National Police perceived its role in counterterrorism and
the potential outcomes? A qualitative analysis of annual police reports.
JONATHAN-ZAMIR, Tal; AVIV, Gali
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2013.874172
Analyses annual police reports to examine how the Israel National Police perceived its
role in counterterrorism and the potential implications. It finds different perceptions in
different periods, considers the views of the police in relation to those of the public,
and speculates on the differences between the three examined time periods.
Dirty assets: emerging issues in the regulation of criminal and terrorist
assets.
KING, Colin; WALKER, Clive

Law, justice and power.,
Aldershot Ashgate 2014 355p., figs., tabs., bibliog. 68.85
ISBN: 9781409462538
3LUJ KIN
This text looks at the role of money in financing terrorism and international organized
crime. There are 14 chapters by various authors, grouped into two sections. The first
section is about the criminal and civil responses to illicit assets and has nine chapters:
Confiscation of the proceeds of crime: the European Union framework, by BORGERS
Matthias J.; Post-conviction confiscation of assets in England and Wales: rhetoric and
reality, by BULLOCK Sandra and LISTER Stuart; Anti-Mafia forfeiture in the Italian
system, by PIVA Daniele; Civil forfeiture of criminal assets in Bulgaria, by DZHEKOVA
Rositsa; Criminal asset recovery in Australia, by GOLDSMITH Andrew, GRAY Daivd
and SMITH Russell G.; 'Hitting back' at organized crime: the adoption of civil
forfeiture in Ireland, by KING Colin; Civil processes and tainted assets: exploring
Canadian models of forfeiture, by GALLANT Michelle; Asset recovery: substantive or
symbolic?, by HARVEY Jackie; Corruption, the United Nations Convention against
Corruption (UNCAC) and asset recovery, by CARR Indira and JAGO Robert. The
second part is about responses to the financing of terrorist activity and has four
chapters: Terrorism financing and the policing of charities: who pays the price?, by
WALKER Clive; US efforts to stem the flow of funds to terrorist organizations: export
controls, financial sanctions and material support, by DONOHUE Laura K.; Dismantling
terrorist economics: the Spanish experience, by BAUMERT Thomas and BUESA Mikel;
EU counter-terrorist sanctions: the questionable success story of criminal law in
disguise, by ECKES Christina.
Social network analysis: a case study of the Islamist terrorist network.

MEDINA, Richard M
This article serves as a primer on foundational social network concepts and analyses
and builds a case study on the global Islamist terrorist network to illustrate the use
and usefulness of these methods.
82
Evolving EU counter-terrorism legal framework.

O'NEILL, Maria
Routledge Research in EU Law.,
London Routledge 2013 288p. bibliog. 24.95
ISBN: 9780415724517
3MJD ONE
Following the coming into force of the Lisbon Treaty and the publication of the
Stockholm Programme, the area of security, freedom and justice has obtained a more
secure legal basis within the EU treaty framework and now has a coherent
development policy programme.
Key aspects of the area of freedom, security and justice are the EU's provisions
dealing with counter-terrorism. This book examines the EU law and policy on counter-
terrorism, addressing them from both a theoretical and practical perspective. This
book brings together laws and policies on terrorism, as well as exploring the legal
framework for EU external relations in counter-terrorism.
In focusing on this challenging area of EU legal policy which is presently under
development the book brings greater clarity and critical analysis to the existing legal
framework. In addition to considering the current legal circumstances, the author
highlights potential difficulties which may occur in the future and suggests possible
avenues for development of counter-terrorism provisions.
Lessons from empirical research on policing in Israel: policing terrorism and

police community relationships.
PERRY, Simon; JONATHAN-ZAMIR, Tal
Police Practice and Research, Vol. 15 no. 2, April 2014, p.173-187
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2013.874175
A review of recent research reveals the implications of policing terrorism for crime
control and policecommunity relationships and studies show a long-term drop in
public support for the police. They also address the implementation of community
policing, the relationship between the Israel National Police and the Arab sector, and
the importance of procedural justice to Israeli citizens.
Routledge handbook of terrorism research.

SCHMID, Alex
Routledge Handbooks,
London Routledge 2013 718p. figs., tabs., bibliog. 32.18
ISBN: 9780415520997
3MJ SCH
This book is based on the responses to a questionnaire by nearly 100 experts from
more than 20 countries. The handbook contains a large collection of typologies and
surveys a number of theories of terrorism. Other chapters list 20 terrorist databases
available in the public domain and provide a guide to the resources on terrorism
available in libraries and on the Internet. 1. Introduction, by SCHMID Alex P;
Appendix 1.1, Twelve rules for preventing and combating terrorism, by SCHMID Alex
P; 2. Problem of defining terrorism, by SCHMID Alex P; Appendix 2.1, 250 plus
academic, governmental and intergovernmental definitions of terrorism, compiled by
EASSON Joseph J and SCHMID Alex P; 3. Typologies of terrorism and political
violence, by MARSDEN Sarah and SCHMID Alex P; 4. Theories of terrorism, by
83
MCALLISTER Bradley and SCHMID Alex P; Appendix 4.1, Psychological, political,

economic, religious and cultural (root) causes of terrorism, according to scholars
gathered at the Club de Madrid conference of 2005; Appendix 4.2, Insights and
hypotheses on causes of terrorism identified on the basis of a survey of the literature
on terrorism by LIA Brynjar; Appendix 4.3, Al-Qaeda communiqus by Bin Laden and
Al-Zawahiri: A chronology, by HOLBROOK, Donald; 5. Databases on Terrorism, by
BOWIE Neil G and SCHMID Alex P; 6. Introduction to the world directory of extremist,
terrorist and other organizations associated with guerrilla warfare, political violence,
protest and organized and cyber-crime, by JONGMAN Albert J; Appendix 6.1, Officially
blacklisted extremist or terrorist (support) organisations, by FREEDMAN Benjamin J;
Appendix 6.2, World directory of extremist, terrorist and other organisations
associated with guerrilla warfare, political violence, protest, organised crime and
cyber-crime, by JONGMAN Albert J; 7. Library and internet resources for research on
terrorism, by PRICE Eric; 8. The literature on terrorism, by SCHMID Alex P; 9.
Bibliography of terrorism, by DUNCAN Gillian and SCHMID Alex P; 10. Glossary and
acronyms on terrorism and counter-terrorism, by SCHMID Alex P.
Islamophobia and anti-Muslim hate crime, UK case studies 2010: an

introduction to a ten year Europe-wide research project.
UNIVERSITY OF EXETER.; EUROPEAN MUSLIM RESEARCH CENTRE; LAMBERT, Robert;
GITHENS-MAZER, Jonathan
2010 206p., illus., bibliogs.
INTERNET RESOURCE
Link to full text http://library.college.police.uk/docs/Islamophobia-Lambert-
2010.pdf
The major part of this report introduces research findings in relation to intimidation
and violence experienced by members of Muslim communities in the UK. It is based
on over twelve months close engagement with Muslim communities in the UK by a
small team of researchers. In addition some of the researchers have been engaged
with the issue during the preceding decade. The most significant findings derive from
victims first-hand accounts of violent crimes committed against mosques, Islamic
centres and Muslim organisations; against Muslim women wearing hijabs, niqabs or
burkas; and against Muslim men wearing distinctive
Islamic clothes, in each instance offering compelling evidence of the existence of anti-
Muslim hate crimes.
Muslims in the UK face a specific threat of violence and intimidation from politically
motivated attackers, and from gangs and individuals who are not aligned to extremist
nationalism.
Islamophobia and anti-Muslim hate crime: a London case study.

UNIVERSITY OF EXETER.; EUROPEAN MUSLIM RESEARCH CENTRE; LAMBERT, Robert;
GITHENS-MAZER, Jonathan
2010 63p., bibliog.
INTERNET RESOURCE
Link to full text http://library.college.police.uk/docs/Hate-crime-report-
London.pdf
This report looks at the public perception of European Muslims, and in particular those
living in London, and suggests that much of the increase in hate crime is due to a
reaction to the events of 9/11 in the USA. The authors hope to use education as a
means to counter the Islamophobia faced by Muslims in the capital.
84
Trafficking in People
Environmental and institutional influences on police agency responses to

human trafficking.
FARRELL, Amy
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611113495050
This research examines competing explanations for the responses by the U.S Police in
the wake of new human trafficking laws.
Victimology
You shouldn't feel that way! Extending the emotional victim effect through
the mediating role of expectancy violation.
LENS, Kim ME; VAN DOORN, Janne; PEMBERTON, Anthony; BOGAERTS, Stefan
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2013.777962
This research shows that expectancy violation mediates the effect from a victim's
verbal emotional expression on the observer's attitude toward the victim, and that a
highly emotional written Victim Impact Statement (VIS) could lead to secondary
victimization, dependent on the observer's expectations regarding the effects of the
crime. It also demonstrates that expectancy violation leads to a negative effect on
people's acceptance of the VIS in the criminal justice procedure.
Innovating responses to managing risk: exploring the potential of a victim-

focused policing strategy.
PATERSON, Craig; CLAMP, Kerry
Explores the potential implications of a victim-focused strategy based on a pilot
project taking place in Buenos Aires. This seeks to enhance victims' sense of their
own safety, reduce the risk of repeat violence and develop indirect benefits for police
legitimacy.
85
Youth Offending
Systematic review of the juvenile justice intervention literature: what it can

(and cannot) tell us about what works with delinquent youth.
EVANS-CHASE, Michelle; ZHOU, Huiquan
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128712466931
Of 141 studies, 120 failed quality review, mostly due to fidelity issues. From the 21
articles that passed, 76% used a therapeutic approach (vs. behavioural control) to
behavioural change, with the treatment group outperforming the control group in
88% of the therapeutic intervention studies.
86

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Whats New in the National Police Library June 2014

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ProQuest: covers education, political science, social science and sociology.

It searches 10 databases with thousands of full text journals.

Registered address: College of Policing Ltd, Leamington Road, Ryton-on-Dunsmore,

Truncheons: an unequal match. An illustrated history of decorated

Information is beautiful. (New ed.)

Duwayne Brooks: I want closure for all of us.

London Metropolitan Police: experiences and perceptions of citizen

Selecting witness protection officers: developing a test battery for

Determinants of complainant satisfaction with agency responses to anti-

What is antisocial behaviour? An empirical study of the impact of age on

perpetrator. Adults are more likely to interpret behaviours as anti-social, particularly

Moving beyond the ASBO? A review of the proposed anti-social behaviour

Contact, cigarette and flame burns in physical abuse: a systematic review.

To tell or not to tell? Factors influencing young people's informal disclosure

Situational crime prevention at nightclub entrances in Perth, Western

Modeling isomorphism on policing innovation: the role of institutional

Integrated theory of the practical application of 'governance-based policing'.

Building group capacity for problem solving and police community

Differing services, rising expectations and greater demands. Patterns in

Are block watch volunteers different than volunteers in community-oriented

Sustaining the crime reduction impact of designing out crime: re-evaluating

Police-monitored CCTV cameras in Newark, NJ: a quasi-experimental test of

Policing farm crime in England and Wales.

Third parties and cyber-crime policing in Nigeria: some reflections.

Confidence in the Police

Public support for vigilantism, confidence in police and police

Patrol officers and public reassurance: a comparative evaluation of police

Russian citizens' perceptions of corruption and trust of the police.

Public trust in the police in Taiwan: a test of instrumental and expressive

Public confidence in policing: the effectiveness of a strategic informing

Race/ethnicity and perceptions of the police: a comparison of White, Black,

New South Wales property crime decline.

Kernel density estimation and hotspot mapping: examining the influence of

Ripping up the map. Criminology and cartography reconsidered.

Thinking about the fall in crime.

Evaluation of CCTV in a car park using police and insurance data.

Uncovering the spatial patterning of crimes: a criminal movement model

Racist crime reported to the police in Finland: comparison of register based

Law of concentrations of crime at place: the case of Tel Aviv-Jaffa.

Ordinary business: impacts on commercial and residential burglary.

Examining diffusion and arrest avoidance practices among Johns.

Are arrested and non-arrested serial offenders different? A test of spatial

Framing and perceptions of stalking: the influence of conduct severity and

Building and maintaining rapport in investigative interviews.

Effect of frame rate on the ability of experienced gait analysts to identify

Prosecutors' recommendations for improving child witness statements about

Delay and age effects on identification accuracy and confidence: an

Public perceptions of identification procedures in the United Kingdom.

Working smarter on cold cases: identifying factors associated with

Equipping witnesses with transferable skills: the self-administered

Influence of face age on identification from a video line up: a comparison

Are children less reliable at making visual identifications than adults?: a

Own-age bias in video lineups: a comparison between children and adults.

Producing facial composite sketches in remote cognitive interviews: a

Identity-lineup location influences target selection: evidence from eye

Silence in suspicious circumstances.

Are individuals' familiarity judgments diagnostic of prior contact?

Collaborative approach for incorporating forensic case data into crime

reasoning process is not straightforward. Using visualisation as a catalyser for a

Critical review in criminal investigations: evaluation of a measure to prevent

Detecting concealed information: the role of individual differences in