MUTHAYAMMAL ENGINEERING

COLLEGE, RASIPURAM
TOPIC: ALTERNATIVE FUELS

ABSTRACT

Alternative fuels, also known as non-conventional or advanced fuels, are any materials or
substances that can be used as fuels, other than conventional fuels Some well known
alternative fuels include biodiesel, bioalcohol, hydrogen and etc., Thus we discuss about the
type of fuel and the alternative fuels where its used. The advantage of the alternative fuels.

CONTACT
PH: 9965086619
E-MAIL ID: karthikr194@yahoo.com

Prepared by

R.KARTHIK

PRE-FINAL MECH
 ALTERNATIVE FUELS
Background
Biofuel

o Biomass

o Algae based fuels

Alcohol fuels

Hydrogen
HCNG
Liquid nitrogen
Compressed air
Alternative fossils fuels
Nuclear power
ALTERNATIVE FUELS

Alternative fuels, also known as non-conventional or advanced fuels, are any materials or
substances that can be used as fuels, other than conventional fuels. Conventional fuels include:
fossil fuels (petroleum, coal, propane, and natural gas), and nuclear materials such as uranium.

Some well known alternative fuels include biodiesel, bioalcohol (methanol, ethanol, and
butanol), chemically stored electricity (batteries and fuel cells), hydrogen, non-fossil methane,
non-fossil natural gas, vegetable oil, and other biomass sources.

Background

The main purpose of fuel is to store energy, which should be in a stable form and can be easily
transported to the place of production. Almost all fuels are chemical fuels. We as a user use this
fuel to perform mechanical work, such as powering an engine.

Biofuel

Alternative fuel dispensers at a regular gasoline station in Arlington, Virginia. B20 biodiesel at
the left and E85 ethanol at the right.
Biofuels are also considered a renewable source. Although renewable energy is used mostly to
generate electricity, it is often assumed that some form of renewable energy or at least it is used
to create alternative fuels.

Biomass

Biomass in the energy production industry is living and recently dead biological material
which can be used as fuel or for industrial production.

Algae based fuels

Algae based biofuels have been hyped in the media as a potential panacea to our Crude Oil
based Transportation problems. Algae could yield more than 2000 gallons of fuel per acre per
year of production. Algae based fuels are being successfully tested by the navy Algae based
plastics show potential to reduce waste and the cost per pound of algae plastic is expected to be
cheaper than traditional plastic prices.

Alcohol fuels

Methanol and Ethanol fuel are typically primary sources of energy; they are convenient fuels
for storing and transporting energy. These alcohols can be used in "internal combustion engine
as alternative fuels", with butanol also having known advantages, such as being the only
alcohol-based motor fuel that can be transported readily by existing petroleum-product pipeline
networks, instead of only by tanker trucks and railroad cars.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen is an emissionless fuel. The by product is pure water which is harmless to our earth.

HCNG
HCNG (or H2CNG) is a mixture of compressed natural gas and 4-9 percent hydrogen by
energy. HCNG for mobile use is premixed at the hydrogen station

Liquid nitrogen

Liquid nitrogen is another type of emissionless fuel.

Liquid nitrogen propulsion may also be incorporated in hybrid systems, e.g., battery electric
propulsion and fuel tanks to recharge the batteries.

Compressed air

The air engine is an emission-free piston engine using compressed air as fuel. Unlike
hydrogen, compressed air is about one-tenth as expensive as fossil oil, making it an
economically attractive alternative fuel.

Alternative fossil fuels

Compressed natural gas (CNG) is a cleaner burning alternative to conventional petroleum

automobile fuels. The energy efficiency is generally equal to that of gasoline engines, but
lower compared with modern diesel engines. CNG vehicles require a greater amount of space
for fuel storage than conventional gasoline power vehicles because CNG takes up more space
for each GGE (Gallon of Gas Equivalent). Almost any existing gasoline car can be turned into
a bi-fuel (gasoline/CNG) car. However, natural gas is a finite resource like all fossil fuels, and
production is expected to peak gas soon after .

Compressed natural gas (CNG) is a fossil fuel substitute for gasoline (petrol), diesel, or
propane/LPG. Although its combustion does produce greenhouse gases, it is a more
environmentally clean alternative to those fuels, and it is much safer than other fuels in the
event of a spill (natural gas is lighter than air, and disperses quickly when released). CNG may
also be mixed with biogas, produced from landfills or wastewater, which doesn't increase the
concentration of carbon in the atmosphere

Nuclear power

Nuclear power is any nuclear technology designed to extract usable energy from atomic nuclei
via controlled nuclear reactions. The most common method today is through nuclear fission,
though other methods include nuclear fusion and radioactive decay. All current methods
involve heating a working fluid such as water, which is then converted into mechanical work
for the purpose of generating electricity or propulsion. Today, more than 15% of the world's
electricity comes from nuclear power, over 150 nuclear-powered naval vessels have been built,
and a few radioisotope rockets have been produced.

Conclusion:

When we are using alternative fuels reduced the pollutions. Get higher efficiency to an
automobile. These alternative fuels are emission less fuels. Some alternative fuels are used in
an industry.