Gasoline and diesel usage and pricing

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about gasoline and diesel usage and pricing around the world. For a chronology
of oil prices during this time, see World oil market chronology from 2003. For information on
the price of oil, see price of petroleum. For information on the price of Natural Gas, see
Natural gas prices.
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues
on the talk page.
The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide
view of the subject. (August 2015)
This article is outdated. (June 2015)

Example from Germany 2007, 1.319 /L=US$7.65/gal

The usage and pricing of gasoline (or petrol) results from factors such as crude oil prices,
processing and distribution costs, local demand, the strength of local currencies, local
taxation, and the availability of local sources of gasoline (supply). Since fuels are traded
worldwide, the trade prices are similar. The price paid by consumers largely reflects national
pricing policy. Some regions, such as Europe and Japan, impose high taxes on gasoline
(petrol); others, such as Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, subsidize the cost.[1] Western countries
have among the highest usage rates per person. The largest consumer is the United States,
which used an average of 368 million US gallons (1.46 gigalitres) each day in 2011.[2]

Contents
1 Fuel prices in the United States

o 1.1 Crude oil

o 1.2 Taxes

o 1.3 Marketing and distribution

o 1.4 Other factors

 2 Petrol usage and pricing in Europe

o 2.1 Turkey

3 Countries with subsidised gasoline

o 3.1 United States

o 3.2 Iran

o 3.3 Nigeria

o 3.4 Mexico

o 3.5 Trinidad and Tobago

o 3.6 Venezuela

o 3.7 Vietnam

4 Countries which had formerly subsidised gasoline

o 4.1 Indonesia

o 4.2 Malaysia

5 Typical gasoline prices around the world

6 Protests

o 6.1 India

7 See also

8 References

9 External links

o 9.1 United States

o 9.2 International

Fuel prices in the United States

Percentage of cost for gasoline and diesel in the United States.

US petroleum consumption reached an estimated 18.87 million barrels per day

(3,000,000 m3/d) in 2011, and is expected to increase to 18.96 million barrels per day
(3,014,000 m3/d) in 2012. Drivers in the United States traveled 500,000 miles (800,000 km)
per day in 2011,[citation needed] and were expected to travel 8.158 billion miles (1.31291010 km)
in 2012. This equates to an average of 33 miles (53 km) per vehicle per day. On average, US
drivers consume 1.49 US gallons (5.6 L) of gasoline per day, or about 10.44 US gallons
(39.5 L) per week.[2] As of March 2013, the average price for 87 octane gasoline was $3.22 a
US gallon (85/L).

In 2008 a report by Cambridge Energy Research Associates stated that 2007 had been the
year of peak gasoline usage in the United States, and that record energy prices would cause
an "enduring shift" in energy consumption practices.[3] According to the report, in April fuel
consumption had been lower than a year before for the sixth straight month, suggesting 2008
would be the first year US usage declined in 17 years. The total annual distance driven in the
US began declining in 2006.[4]

The average price per US gallon in 2012 (as of 31 December 2012) was $3.618 (96/L), the
highest ever for a year. As of 31 December 2012, the average price of gasoline was
$3.298/gal (87/L),[contradictory] with New York at $3.70/gal (98/L) for the highest in the US,
and Colorado at $2.987/gal (79/L) for the lowest.[5]

Finished motor gasoline amounts to 44% of the total US consumption of petroleum products.
[6]
This corresponds to 18.5 exajoules per year. As of 2012 the cost of crude oil accounted for
62% of the cost of a gallon of gasoline in the United State while refining accounted for just
12%. Taxes and distribution/marketing accounted for 12% and 14% respectively.[7]

After Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita, gas prices started rising. They became record
high levels. In terms of the aggregate economy, increases in crude oil prices significantly
predict the growth of real gross domestic product (GDP), but increases in natural gas prices
do not.[8]

All the damages from the hurricanes ran up gas prices. By 30 August, a day after Katrinas
landfall, prices in the spot market, which typically include a premium above the wellhead
price, had surged pass $11 per gigajoule ($12 per million British thermal units), and by 22
September 2005, the day before Ritas landfall, the spot price had risen to $14/GJ ($15 per
million BTU).[8]

Crude oil

Crude oil is the greatest contributing factor when it comes to the price of gasoline. This
includes the resources it takes for exploration, to remove it from the ground, and transport it.
Between 2004 and 2008, there was an increase in fuel costs due in large part to a worldwide
increase in demand for crude oil. Prices leapt from $35 to $140 per barrel ($220 to $880/m3),
causing a corresponding increase in gas prices.[9] On the supply side, OPEC (or the
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) has a great deal to do with the price of
gasoline, both in the United States and around the world. The speculation of oil commodities
can also affect the gasoline market.

Taxes

Taxes are the next biggest contributor to gasoline prices at around 12%. In the United States,
both state and federal taxes apply to gasoline. In addition, other taxes may be placed on gas
including applicable state sales taxes, gross receipts taxes, oil inspection fees, underground
storage tank fees and other miscellaneous environmental fees.

Marketing and distribution

Distribution and marketing makes up the remaining 5%. The price of transporting crude oil to
a refinery then gasoline to a point of distribution is passed on to the consumer. In addition the
price to market the fuel brand is passed on.

Other factors

Aside from this breakdown, many other factors affect gasoline prices. Extreme weather, war
or natural disaster in areas where oil is produced can also in turn raise the price of a gallon of
gasoline. Legislation by several states for cleaner burning fuel also affects certain areas'
prices of gasoline. Furthermore, demand directly affects the price of gasoline. For example,
when more people are on the road, typically in the summer months or during holidays, the
price will increase.

A "real time" price of petrol at points of distribution is posted and publicly updated at:
http://www.gasbuddy.com/GB_Price_List.aspx

Petrol usage and pricing in Europe

Gasoline and Diesel nominal price development 1993-2014 in Switzerland (CHF/l).

Most European countries have high fuel taxes. The prices have traditionally been three to four
times the price in the United States, with prices during 20002005 of 1.00/litre[10] (about
US$1.42/L or $5.40/US gallon) while the US had prices around $1.50/gal or $0.40/L. After a
large increase until the summer of 2008, the end of 2008 experienced a strong decline linked
with a sharp economic downturn, with the average price of fuel in the US at $1.613/gal (29
December 2008). However, the price of fuel in Europe is still more than double the US price
at 1.85/litre.[11] Russia and some neighboring countries have a much smaller tax, with fuel
prices similar to the US.[12]

Competitive petrol pricing in the UK is led by supermarkets with their own forecourts.
Generally each supermarket tends to match the other's prices; the lead players being Asda,
Tesco, Sainsbury's and Morrisons. In recent years the AA has criticized the speculators as
being the prime reason for fuel fluctuations in the UK.[13]

Turkey

Turkey has the highest gasoline and diesel prices in the world due to high taxes and profit
margins in the country in addition to soaring oil prices, new energy data has revealed on 29
September 2012. Around that date, the price of a liter of gasoline in Turkey reached $2.6 and
diesel $2.4, according to International Energy Agency (IEA) data. With the recent price hikes
in 2012, gas and diesel prices hit TL 4.92 ($2.71 per liter) and TL 4.81, respectively. The
share of taxes in gas prices in the Turkish market is 72 percent, while by comparison it is 62
percent in Germany, 57 percent in Italy, 60 percent in Japan, 25 percent in Canada, and 12
percent in the USA. On 8 July 2013, there was another price hike which raised pricing to
$9.98 per US gallon.

Countries with subsidised gasoline

A number of countries subsidize the cost of petrol/gasoline and other petroleum products.
Subsidies make transport of people and goods cheaper, but discourage fuel efficiency. In
some countries, the soaring cost of crude oil since 2003 has led to these subsidies being cut,
moving inflation from the government debt to the general populace, sometimes resulting in
political unrest.

Fuel subsidies are common in oil-rich nations. Countries with subsidized fuel include United
States of America, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Egypt, Burma, Malaysia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Trinidad
and Tobago, Brunei and Bolivia.

In February 2010, the Iranian government implemented an energy price reform by which the
energy subsidies were to be removed in five years; the most important price hike was in
gasoline, as the price went up from 100 rials ($0.10 US) to 400 rials ($0.40 US) per litre, with
a ration of 100 litres per month for private passenger cars (later reduced to 60 litres per
month).

On 26 December 2010, the Bolivian government issued a decree removing subsidies which
had fixed petrol/gasoline and diesel prices for the past seven years. Arguing that illegal
exports (contraband) of gasoline and diesel fuel to neighboring countries by individuals for
personal profit was harming the economy, Bolivia eliminated the subsidies and raised
gasoline prices as much as 83%. After widespread labor strikes, the Bolivian government
canceled all future planned price hikes.[14]

Venezuela used to have the cheapest gasoline in the world for decades, however on 19
February 2016 president Nicols Maduro used decree powers to raise fuel prices by 6000%.
This was the first rise in petrol prices in 20 years and he also set in place a sharp devaluation
of the currency which he said aimed to shore up the countrys flailing economy, hard hit by
falling oil prices which make up 95% of foreign income. Prices at the pump in Venezuela
jumped as much as 6,086% for 95 octane gasoline, from 0.097 bolivars to 6 bolivars.[15]

United States

The oil industry receives subsides through the United States tax code, which include
Percentage Depletion Allowance, Domestic Manufacturing Tax Deduction, the Foreign Tax
Credit and Expensing Intangible Drilling Costs. It is estimated that these tax deductions are
worth $4 billion annually and are currently being debated by the government for reform.[citation
needed]
Although such subsidies exist, the sale of fuel is also taxed at rates that generally exceed
the sales tax rates for other goods, to help pay for bridge and road repair. It is thus unclear
whether the tax impact on fuel is a net subsidy or not.

Iran

The Iranian government introduced an energy price reform in February 2010. The reform was
brought forward by the government and approved with some changes by the parliament. The
major aim of the policy was to slow down the increasing trend of energy consumption in Iran
by removing the energy subsidies. The plan included electricity, natural gas, gasoline, and
diesel subsidies. According to the plan, all energy prices were to increase by 20 percent
annually. The price reform was particularly important in gasoline, as consumption had been
increasing dramatically creating a huge burden on government budget. Furthermore, to meet
demand, Iran had to import gasoline from other countries, which made the country vulnerable
to possible sanctions by the US and European countries. The gas price prior to reform was
$0.10 US per liter with the quota of 100 liters per month per passenger car. The reform raised
the price to $0.40 US per liter and later reduced the ration to 60 liters per month. The price
for over-quota consumption and the imported cars were $0.70 US per liter. The energy price
reform included a cash-rebate program through which each person received 455,000 rials
($15 US) per month from the government. The overall consumption of gasoline after the
reform decreased from about 65 million liters per day to about 54 million liters per day.[16]

Nigeria

On 1 January 2012, the Nigerian Government headed by president Goodluck Ebele Jonathan,
tried to cease the subsidy on petrol and deregulate the oil prices by announcing the new price
for petrol as USD 0.88/litre from the old subsidised price of USD 0.406/litre (LAGOS),
which in areas distant from Lagos petrol was priced at USD 1.25/litre. This led to the longest
general strike (eight days), riots, Arab spring like protests and on 16 January 2012 the
government capitulated by announcing a new price of USD 0.60/litre with an envisaged price
of USD 2.0/litre in distant areas. The situation is still fluid.[17]

Mexico

PEMEX, a government company in charge of selling oil in Mexico is subsidized by the

Mexican government. This serves to quell inflationary pressures in Mexico. Mexico buys
much of its gasoline and diesel from the United States and resells it at US$98 per barrel.
Many residents of US border communities cross the border to buy fuel in Mexico,[18] thereby
enjoying a cheaper fuel subsidy at the expense of Mexican taxpayers. This has caused
frequent supply shortages at a number of filling stations along the border for Mexican drivers,
especially truck and bus drivers who use diesel.[19]

Trinidad and Tobago

Trinidad and Tobago through its national energy agencies Petrotrin and Trinidad and Tobago
National Petroleum Marketing Company Limited (NP)[20] offers petroleum fuels at varying
subsidised prices to the users within the country.[21] Unleaded Gasoline is offered at two
grades - Ron 91 at US$0.43/Litre and Ron 95 at US$0.91/Litre. Diesel is offered at
US$0.24/Litre making this fuel some of the cheapest in the world.

There are an estimated 791,086 cars in the country as at February 2015 and they consume 1.2
billion litres of liquid fuel annually The Government of Trinidad and Tobago spent an
estimated US$173.2 million in subsidies for gasoline and diesel in half year period October
2014 - March 2015.[22]

Venezuela

Today, PDVSA, Venezuelan state owned company, spends US$1.7 billion in direct costs of
importation of gasoline, and subsidizes all sales of gasoline in the internal Venezuelan
market. The sale price of gasoline is US$0.015 per liter, on a fixed price in the local currency
that has been in effect since 1997. Given the low price of gasoline, it is distributed free of
charge to gas stations.[23]

Vietnam

The domestic prices of 92-RON, the most commonly used grade of gasoline in Vietnam, was
raised to 24,570 (US$1.16) per liter on July 17, 2013.[24]

Countries which had formerly subsidised gasoline

Indonesia

In March 2005, Indonesia increased the price of gasoline and diesel by 29%, causing
widespread protests. The price of gasoline was raised from Rp 1,800 (US$0.20) per litre to
Rp 2,400 (US$0.25) per litre, while diesel rose from Rp 1,650 (US$0.18) to Rp 2,100
(US$0.23). Prices were increased again in October to Rp 4,500 (US$0.48) a litre, an 87.5%
rise, for gasoline, while diesel was increased to Rp 4,300 (US$0.46), and kerosene, used for
cooking, increased from Rp 700 (US$0.08) to Rp 2,000 (US$0.22) per litre. The price
increases came as oil prices threatened to increase the government's oil subsidy to US$14
billion per year, and caused further protests.

With oil reaching over US$145 a barrel, Indonesia further increased prices on 24 May 2008
to Rp 6,000 (approx. US$0.65) per litre, and diesel to Rp 5,500 (approx. US$0.60) per litre,
while kerosene was raised to Rp 2,500 (approx. US$0.28), moves which caused widespread
protests.[25] In addition, it was suggested that private car owners, who are wealthy in
Indonesian terms, would eventually be excluded from subsidies entirely, with the cheap fuel
limited to public transport and motorcycles.
In June 2013, the government raised the price of low-octane gasoline 44% to 6,500 rupiah
($0.66) per liter and of diesel 22% to 5,500 rupiah per liter to help close a widening budget
deficit. The move caused violent protest in some areas.

Furthermore, in November 18, 2014, the new government led by President Joko Widodo
reallocated the government subsidy for gasoline and diesel into nation's infrastructure,
education and health budget, hence raised the price of subsidized gasoline and diesel by Rp
2,000 each, so the price of gasoline and diesel became Rp 8,500 and Rp 7,500 respectively.
This decision created inflation and protest throughout the archipelago.[26]

People have been encouraged to switch to LPG for cooking, as Indonesia is the world's
largest exporter, whereas its oil industry is in decline, and it is now a net importer.

Malaysia

Malaysia had been subsidising gasoline since 1983[27] and recently had been spending US$6.7
billion on subsidising gasoline, diesel and gas each year.[28][29] On 5 June 2008 gasoline prices
increased by 40% to MYR2.70/litre (US$3.30 a gallon), from MYR1.92/litre (US$2.32 a
gallon). Diesel prices rose by MYR1.00/litre to MYR2.58 (US$3.04 per gallon), a 63%
increase. It was announced that price increases were planned to bring fuel prices in line with
global market cost, suggesting that it may hit US$3.80 per gallon by August. The Malaysian
government has also announced a one-off cash rebate of MYR625 per year to Malaysian
citizens who own cars with an engine capacity of 3,000 cc or less and MYR200 tax rebate to
cars with an engine capacity of 3,000 cc and above to offset the increased costs.[30] The
government introduced a temporary ban on buying fuel within 50 km of the country border,
but the ban was suspended following a price increase on 7 June 2008 for petrol of 41% (to
MYR2.70 a litre) and for diesel of 63% (to MYR2.58).[31]

On 22 June 2008, the Malaysian government announced plans to set up separate pumps at its
border petrol stations to sell fuel to foreigners at market rates so that only locals can benefit
from subsidised petrol. The new pumps will target Singaporeans and Thais who make day
trips across the border to fill their tanks with cheaper fuel there, although Singapore-
registered cars must have their tanks at least three-quarters full before they will be permitted
to leave Singapore in any case. Petrol stations within 50 km (31 mi) of the country's northern
border with Thailand or southern border with Singapore would be affected.[32] Recently, the
fuel price has dropped to MYR 2.45 and it has dropped for the second time. A further
reduction was made on 1 November 2008. RON97 petrol was reduced from MYR2.30 per
litre (MYR8.7/US gal) to MYR2.15 a litre, RON92 petrol from MYR2.20 to MYR2.05 a litre
(MYR8.3/US gal to MYR7.8/US gal), and diesel from MYR2.20 to MYR2.05 per litre The
Government revealed that it had ceased subsidizing petrol as of 1 November 2008 when the
price of oil dipped below US$65 per barrel. However subsidies were still being paid for
diesel and natural gas.[33]

On 18 November 2008, the Malaysian government made further reductions in the price of
gasoline cut pump prices by seven per cent to MYR2.00 ringgit per litre and diesel by 15 sen
to MYR1.90 per litre. The government said that at current prices they were making about 30
sen per litre in sales. Then again on 3 December, petrol prices were reduced further. Gasoline
prices were reduced 10 sen to MYR 1.90 per litre and as for diesel, they were reduced 10 sen
to MYR 1.80 per litre.[34] On 16 December 2008 the price of RON97 petrol was reduced
further to MYR1.80, while RON92 is selling at MYR1.70 per litre (MYR6.4/US gal). The
pump price of diesel was also reduced to MYR1.70 a litre.[35]

From 1 September 2009 however, the price for RON97 increased to MYR2.05, while RON92
has been discontinued and replaced with RON95, at a price of MYR1.80.[36] On 16 July 2010,
petrol prices across the board was raised by 5 sen, which brought the prices of RON95,
RON97 and diesel to MYR1.85, MYR2.10 and MYR1.75 per litre respectively. Since then,
RON97 floats with government controlled revision reflecting the global crude oil prices. As
of 1 August 2010 only Malaysian-registered petrol vehicles may purchase RON95 fuel;
foreign-registered vehicles (mainly from Singapore and Thailand) by law can only purchase
RON97 (or diesel) at Malaysian service stations.

On 1 April 2011, RON97 increased from MYR2.50 to MYR2.70. In May 2011, RON97
further increased to MYR2.90, another record high for RON97 in Malaysia. A drop of
MYR0.10 in June 2011 brings it to MYR2.80 per litre, the first price reduction since RON97
was floated at market rates.

On 3 September 2013, the price for RON 95 increased from MYR1.90 to MYR2.10, RON97
from MYR2.70 to MYR2.85, and diesel from MYR1.80 to MYR2.00.[37][38] This was further
increased on 2 October 2014, whereby RON 95 would cost MYR2.30 and diesel would cost
MYR2.20 per litre.[39][40] Starting on 1 December 2014, Malaysia abolished fuel subsidies and
began using a managed float system, in order to control the country's large current account
deficit.[41][42]

Typical gasoline prices around the world

See fuel tax for tax information by country.

The Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (German Agency for

International Cooperation) (GIZ) has published a list of worldwide gasoline prices by country
every year since 1991. The results for 2010/2011 can be seen in this document. Two week
updates for European countries can be consulted at the website of the Touring Club
Switzerland.

Up to date prices for gasoline (unleaded) are available at

http://www.globalpetrolprices.com/gasoline_prices/

US$/L US$/US
Country/Territ Date of
(95 gallon Local units Sources
ory price
RON) (95 RON)
ALL165/L (1.18)
(RON 95) 13 Aug
Albania 1.44 5.45
ALL160/L (1.14) 2011
(Diesel)
Algeria 0.41 1.55 30DA/L 95 octane 7 Nov [2]
(rare down south) 2010
regular 23DA/L
diesel DA14/L or
 US$/L US$/US
Country/Territ Date of
(95 gallon Local units Sources
ory price
RON) (95 RON)
US$0.2
EC$17.79/imperial 19 May
Anguilla 1.45 5.49 [3]
gallon (regular) 2011
EC$9.95/imperial
Antigua and gallon (regular) 12 Feb
0.84 3.18 [4]
Barbuda EC$10.95/imperial 2009
gallon (diesel)
1.142/L (95)
Andorra 1.64 6.21 1.192/L (98) 6 Apr 2011 tcs.ch [5]
1.032/L (diesel)
29 Dec Angola Gasoline
Angola 0.88 3.33
2014 Price
ARS $11.98/L (95)
ARS $12.98/L (98) 27 Aug
Argentina 0.92 3.48 [6]
ARS $10.59/L 2014
(diesel)
12 Dec
Aruba 1.10 4.16 Fl. 1.93/L [7]
2009
A$0.97/L (RON
91)
A$1.084/L (RON 24 Mar
Australia 0.83 3.14 [8]
95) 2016
A$1.078/L (diesel)
A$0.598/L (LPG)
1.491/L (95)
1.633/L (98)
Austria (Vienna) 1.95 7.38 1.446/L (diesel) 6 Apr 2011 tcs.ch [9]
0.991/Kg (CNG-
Methane)
AZN 0.70/L (AI-
80, AI-92)
AZN 0.95/L
(Premium Euro-
12 Jan
Azerbaijan 1.21 4.58 95) [10]
2015
AZN 1.07/L
(Super Euro-98)
AZN 0.60/L
(Diesel)
US$4.70/US 13 Mar
Bahamas 1.24 4.69 [11]
gallon (reg) 2011
Bahrain 0.27 1.02 BHD 0.100/L (95 25 Dec [12]
RON) 2013
BHD 0.080/L (91
 US$/L US$/US
Country/Territ Date of
(95 gallon Local units Sources
ory price
RON) (95 RON)
RON)
BHD 0.120/L
(Diesel)
Bd$3.60/L (reg) 19 Oct
Barbados 1.59 6.02 [13]
Bd$2.95/L (diesel) 2014
Br3240/L (95) 12 May
Belarus 1.07 4.1 [14]
Br2580/L (Diesel) 2010
1.331/L
(Eurosuper 95)
1.399/L (Super 22 Jan
Belgium 1.55 5.87 [15]
Plus 98) 2015
1.182/L (Diesel)
0.431/L (LPG)
BZ$10.18/US
gallon (regular)
BZ$10.59/US 21 Dec
Belize 1.40 5.30 [16]
gallon (premium) 2011
BZ$10.24/US
gallon (diesel)
BMD1.80/L
(Super) 30 Jul
Bermuda 1.80 6.81 [17]
BMD1.60/L 2010
(Diesel)
B3.74/L (super) 30 Dec
Bolivia 0.54 2.04 [18]
B3.72/L (diesel) 2010
USD 1.34/L
(super)
Bonaire 1.34 5.07 5 Apr 2011 [19]
USD 0.914/L
(diesel)
Bosnia and KM2.25/L (95)
1.66 6.28 6 Apr 2011 tcs.ch [20]
Herzegovina KM2.30/L (diesel)
R$3.72/L
(Gasoline)
28 Mar
Brazil 1.02 3.86 [21]
2016
R$3.02/L (Diesel)

British Virgin US$4.99/US 3 May

1.32 5.00 [22]
Islands gallon (reg) 2011
22 Jan
2014
Brunei 0.39 1.48 BR$0.53/L
[23]
 US$/L US$/US
Country/Territ Date of
(95 gallon Local units Sources
ory price
RON) (95 RON)
BGN 2.57/L (95)
BGN 2.73/L (98) 7 Mar
Bulgaria 1.72 6.51 shofior.com [24]
BGN 2.62/L 2012
(diesel)
K520/L (RON92)
K630/L (RON95)
[43]
Burma 0.52 1.97 K470/L (diesel) 1 Feb 2016 [25]
K510/L (premium
diesel)
16 Jun
Cambodia 1.325 5.02 KhR5300/L
2014
14 Jan
Canada 1.34 5.07 C$1.06/L [26]
2015
Esc103.7/L
23 Mar
Cape Verde 1.40 5.30 (gasoline) [27]
2009
Esc83.4/L (diesel)
KYD3.79/imperial
gallon (regular) 11 Sep
Cayman Islands 1.03 3.90 [28]
KYD3.75/imperial 2009
gallon (diesel)
15 Jun
Chile 1.23 4.66 CLP 779/L [29]
2015
China 1.06 4.01 RMB 6.46/L 8 Feb 2012 [30]
COL$8000/US
gallon (81
Octanos) 30 Nov
Colombia 1.09 4.13 [31]
COL$9595/US 2010
gallon (87
Octanos)
718/L (super)
Costa Rica 1.43 5.41 5 Feb 2013 [32]
640/L (diesel)
HRK 10.27/L (95)
HRK 10.59/L (98) 13 Jun
Croatia 1.87 7.08 Croenergo [33]
HRK 9.38/L 2013
(diesel)
CUC1.15/L (95)
CUC1.30/L (98)
Cuba 1.24 4.69 2 Mar 2011 [34]
CUC1.10/L
(diesel)
Curaao 1.13 4.28 ANG 2.0175/L (95 5 Apr 2011 [35]
RON)
ANG 1.466/L
 US$/L US$/US
Country/Territ Date of
(95 gallon Local units Sources
ory price
RON) (95 RON)
(Diesel)
1,282/L (95
RON) 16 Feb
Cyprus 1.680 6.36 [36]
1.333/L (98) 2012
1,327/L (Diesel)
CZK 34.90/L (95)
CZK 35.90/L (98) 6 Mar
Czech Republic 1.85 7.00 tcs.ch [37]
CZK 34.50/L 2014
(diesel)
DKK 10.61/L
(1.42) (95) 22 Jan
Denmark 1.65 6.25 OK [38]
DKK 9.38/L 2015
(1.26) (diesel)
EC$13.19/imperial
gallon (regular) 29 Mar
Dominica 1.08 4.09 [39]
EC$13.12/imperial 2011
gallon (diesel)
RD$234.5/US
Dominican gallon (regular)
1.62 6.13 23 Jul 2011 [40]
Republic RD$202.2/US
gallon (diesel)
US$1.68/US 15 Nov
Ecuador 0.44 1.67 [41]
gallon (super) 2011
LE 1.60/L <80
octane
LE 2.60/L <92
octane
Egypt 0.9 3.41 5 Jul 2014 [42]
LE 6.25/L <95
octane
LE 1.8/L diesel
('solar')
US$3.21/US
gallon (regular) 21 Dec
El Salvador 0.85 3.22 [43]
US$2.97/US 2009
gallon (diesel)
1.394/L (95
RON)
15 Aug http://www.viisplus
Estonia 1.82 6.89 1.434/L (98
2012 s.ee/
RON)
1.379/L (diesel)
European Union 2.05 7.76 1.576/L (95 8 May [44]
(average prices) RON) 2012
1.473/L (diesel)
 US$/L US$/US
Country/Territ Date of
(95 gallon Local units Sources
ory price
RON) (95 RON)

0.99/Kg (CNG-
[45]
Methane)

1.34/L (98E
19 Jan
Finland 1.55 5.87 RON) [46]
2015
1.25/L (Diesel)
1.29/L (95)
1.31/L (diesel) 22 Jan
France 1.49 5.64 [47]
1.226/Kg (CNG- 2015
Methane)
1.21/L
(Superbenzin, 95
RON) 18 Mar
Germany 1.36 5.15 [48]
1.19/L (Super 2016
E10, 95 RON)
1.02/L (Diesel)
1.39/L (unleaded) 22 Jan
Greece 1.61 6.09 [49]
1.12/L (diesel) 2015
EC$15.12/imperial
gallon (regular) 15 Apr
Grenada 1.23 4.66 [50]
EC$15.43/imperial 2011
gallon (diesel)
Guadeloupe 1.36 5.15 1.07/L (95) 3 Feb 2009 [51]
Q19.44/US
gallon(regular) 28 Mar
Guatemala 0.73 2.76 [52]
Q15.27/US 2016
gallon(diesel)
G$215.6/L
17 Jan
Guyana 1.08 4.09 (regular) [53]
2012
G$203.5/L (diesel)
G195/US gallon
(95)
Haiti 3.16 11.96 3 Feb 2015 [54]
G157/US gallon
(diesel)
L68.36/US gallon
(regular) 28 Mar
Honduras 0.89 3.37 [55]
L57.50/US gallon 2016
(diesel)
Hong Kong 1.79 6.78 HK$15.03/L 29 Jan Shell Hong Kong/
(Super Unleaded, 2016 [56]
RON98)
HK$13.94/L
(Unleaded,
 US$/L US$/US
Country/Territ Date of
(95 gallon Local units Sources
ory price
RON) (95 RON)
RON95)
HK$9.75/L
(Diesel)
HUF 324.9/L (95),
22 Jan
Hungary 1.18 4.47 HUF 342/L [57]
2015
(diesel)
ISK 188/L (1.34)
(95) 18 Mar
Iceland 1.50 5.68 [58]
ISK 175/L (1.24) 2016
(diesel)
56.61/L (Petrol)
29 Feb
India 0.85 3.22 46.43/L (diesel) [59]
2016

Rp 6,450/L (RON
88)
Rp 7,100 - Rp
7,500 (RON 90)
Rp 7,550/L - Rp
11,150 (RON 92) 30 Mar
Indonesia 0.64 2.42 [60][[61]]
Rp 8,450/L - Rp 2016
15,700/L (RON
95)
Rp 5,150/L
(subsidized)
(Diesel)
10000 Rials/L
The Petroenergy
petrol (7000
25 Apr Information
Iran 0.39 1.48 rationed)
2014 Network Of Iran
5000 Rials/L diesel
[62]
(2500 rationed)
ID 450/L (95
Octane)
Iraq 0.38 1.44 ID 000/L (98 3 Apr 2013 [63]
Octane)
ID 400/L (Diesel)
1.36/L (Unleaded
22 Jan
Ireland 1.44 5.45 95) [64]
2015
1.25/L (Diesel)
ILS 5.96/L (95)
ILS 6.46/L (diesel) 7 Nov
Israel 1.52 5.75
ILS 4.21/L (LPG- 2015
autogas)
 US$/L US$/US
Country/Territ Date of
(95 gallon Local units Sources
ory price
RON) (95 RON)

0.890/L
(Eurosuper)
1.240/L (98
RON)
0.806/L (Diesel)
1.250/L
(Special_Diesel)
22 Jan
Italy 1.78 6.74 0.485/L (LPG- [65]
2015
autogas)
0.869/Kg (CNG-
Methane)
National average,
does not include
self-service
discounts.

0.89/L (95
Italy - Livigno 22 Jan
1.53 5.79 Octane) [66]
(tax free) 2015
0.81/L (Diesel)
J$99.31/L (90) 11 Jan
Jamaica 1.16 4.39 [67]
J$102.75/L (diesel) 2012
25 Apr The Oil Information
Japan 1.84 6.97 152.7/L
2011 Center Japan [68]
JD 0.93/L
Unleaded Octane
95 (US$1.31/L)
28 Feb
Jordan 1.3 4.92 JD 0.765/L
2013
Unleaded Octane
90 (US$0.93/L)
D0.665/L (Diesel)
KZT145/L
(unleaded 95) 2 Nov
Kazakhstan 0.98 3.71
KZT106/L 2011
(unleaded 92)
Sh94/L (Super) 19 Dec
Kenya 1.16 4.4 [69]
Sh87/L (Diesel) 2010
KWD 0.060/L (91)
30 Jun KNPC (fixed
Kuwait 0.224 0.85 KWD 0.065/L (95)
2010 prices) [70]
KWD 0.090/L (98)
LVL 0.887/L (95)
Latvia 1.80 6.81 LVL 0.902/L 6 Apr 2011 tcs.ch [71]
(diesel)
 US$/L US$/US
Country/Territ Date of
(95 gallon Local units Sources
ory price
RON) (95 RON)
11 Sep
Liberia 1.07 4.05 L$280/US gallon
2009
LD 0.2/L (95), LD
0.15/L (diesel)
Oct 2010: LD135 7 Nov
Libya 0.10 0.38 [72]
fuel tax at border 2010
for foreign
vehicles
tcs.ch [73] / 0.15
LTL 4.60/L (95) LYD = 0.10 USD
Lithuania 1.92 7.27 6 Apr 2011
LTL 4.74/L (diesel) As of 29th of March
2016
EuroSuper 95
1.41/L
8 May
Luxembourg 1.83 6.93 SuperPlus 98 tcs.ch [74]
2012
1.423/L
Diesel 1.272/L
MKD 78.5/L
(1.28) (RON 98)
MKD 77/L (1.25)
Macedonia 1.71 6.47 2 Sep 2011 tcs.ch [75]
(RON 95)
MKD 65.5/L
(1.07) (Diesel)
MYR 2.05/L
(RON97)
MYR 1.70/L
Malaysia 0.44 1.67 1 Apr 2016 [76]
(RON95)
MYR 1.55L
(Diesel)
1.43/L (Super)
Malta 1.61 6.1 7 Aug 2011 [77]
1.33/L (Diesel)
Martinique 1.36 5.15 1.07/L (95) 3 Feb 2009 [78]
UM265/L petrol
UM225/L diesel 7 Nov
Mauritania 0.94 3.6 [79]
Prices 10-20% 2010
more up north
MX$10.09/L(Mag
Mexico (Mexico na 87) 14 Apr
0.77 2.91 Pemex [80]
City) MX$10.78/L(Prem 2012
ium 92)
MDL 15.78/L (95)
Moldova 1.32 5.00 MDL 15.07/L 6 Apr 2011 tcs.ch [81]
(diesel)
 US$/L US$/US
Country/Territ Date of
(95 gallon Local units Sources
ory price
RON) (95 RON)
1.30/L(95)
26 Dec
Monaco 1.87 7.08 1.39/L(98) [82]
2009
1.11/L(diesel)
1.29/L (95) 22 Nov
Montenegro 1.61 6.09 tcs.ch [83]
1.190/L (Diesel) 2014
EC$17.19/imperial 4 May
Montserrat 1.40 5.30 [84]
gallon (regular) 2011
MAD 12.65/L
(1.50) (95) 14 May
Morocco 1.50 5.7
MAD 8.65/L 2013
(1.02) (Diesel)
MTn 23.1/L
(regular) 17 Nov
Mozambique 0.77 2.91 [85]
MTn 22.45/L 2009
(diesel)
1.549/L (Euro95)
1.259/L (Diesel) 22 Jan
Netherlands 1.79 6.78 [86]
1.619/L 2015
(Superplus)
NZ$1.829/L (91
octane)
NZ$1.919/L (95
New Zealand 1.81 6.85 4 Feb 2015 [87]
octane)
NZ$1.139/L
(diesel)
C$90.19/L
28 Mar
Nicaragua 0.92 3.48 (premium) [88]
2016
C$70.96/L (diesel)
18 Apr
Nigeria (Lagos) 0.44 1.67 N87/L [89]
2015
26 Dec
North Korea 0.77 2.91 KP? 111/L [90], estimated
2009
NOK 14.07/L (95)
19 Jan
Norway 1.85 7.00 NOK 14.44/L addressa.no [91]
2015
(Diesel)
1 Aug
Oman 0.31 1.17 0.12 Rials/L 2010 (95 [92]
Octane)
Pakistan 0.56 2.12 PKR 68.28/L Jan 1, 2015 Oil and Gas
(Unleaded Regulatory
Premium) Authority [93]
PKR 90.00/L
 US$/L US$/US
Country/Territ Date of
(95 gallon Local units Sources
ory price
RON) (95 RON)
(Unleaded-Hi
Octane)
PKR 56.23/L
(Diesel) Pakistan State Oil
PKR 58.92/L (E10 [94]
Gasoline)
PKR 58.50 to
61.35/KG (CNG)
Palestine (West NIS 6.95/L
2.04 7.72 1 Oct 2011
Bank) (95/diesel)
US$3.35/US
gallon (95) 10 Jul
Panama 1.15 4.35 [95]
US$2.99/US 2014
gallon (diesel)
PEN S/.16.00/US
gallon (95 Octane) 26 Dec
Peru (Lima) 1.62 6.13 PSO/[96]
S/.8.46/US gallon 2009
(diesel)
Philippines 25 Sep Shell Philippines
1.295 4.90 P 54.00/L
(Manila) 2012 [97]
PLN 5.59/L (95)
Poland 1.81 6.85 PLN 5.67/L 3 Feb 2012 tcs.ch [98]
(diesel)
1.32/L (95)
1.759/L (98) 7 Mar globalpetrolprices.c
Portugal 1.47 5.56
1.429/L (Diesel) 2016 om [99]
0.894 (Autogas)
$0.957/L (95)
Puerto Rico 0.96 3.63 $0.987/L (98) 8 Apr 2011 [100]
$0.997/L (Diesel)
[101] / The General
QAR 1.00/L (97
Secretariat for
Octane) 22 Jan
Qatar (Doha) 0.22 0.83 Development
QAR 0.85/L (90 2011
Planning - State of
Octane)
Qatar
RON 6.33/L (95)
Romania
1.99 7.53 RON 6.36/L 1 Apr 2014 gazonline.ro [102]
(Bucharest)
(diesel)
Russia 0.94 3.56 RUR 30.29/L 24 Feb
(Moscow) (RON 98) 2011
RUR 27.29/L
(RON 95)
RUR 25.89/L
 US$/L US$/US
Country/Territ Date of
(95 gallon Local units Sources
ory price
RON) (95 RON)
(RON 92)
RUR 23.49/L
(RON 80)
RUR 25.29/L
(Winter diesel)
Russia RUR 25.3/L
0.91 3.44 15 Jul 2011 [103]
(Kaliningrad) (diesel)
SAR 0.45/L (91
RON) [104]
Saudi Arabia
SAR 0.60/L (95 12 Jan
(Riyadh, 0.16 0.61
RON) 2015 (fixed prices)
Jeddah)
SAR 0.25/L
(Diesel)
EuroPremium 95
RSD 166.7/L
(1.46/L)
31 Oct
Serbia 1.92 7.27 Premium 95 RSD
2012
157.9/L (1.39/L)
EuroDiesel RSD
161.4/L (1.42)
27 May [44]
Sierra Leone 1.05 3.97 Le4500/L
2011
S$2.170/L (RON
98)
S$1.880/L (RON Singapore
14 Jan
Singapore 1.32 5.00 95) Petroleum
2016
S$1.840/L (RON Company [105]
92)
S$1.050/L (Diesel)
1.490/L (95
Online current
Natural) 23 Jan
Slovakia 1.98 7.50 prices in Slovakia -
1.429/L (Diesel) 2012
BenzinSK [106]
0.695/L (LPG)
1.412/L (95
Octane)
Slovenia 1.88 7.12 1.428/L (100 9 Feb 2012 tcs.ch [107]
Octane)
1.302/L (Diesel)
South Africa 1.21 4.58 R13.59/L 4 Feb 2014 [108]
31 Mar
South Korea 1.81 6.85 KRW 2,043.61/L [109]
2012
1.33/L (95 RON)
Spain 1.78 6.74 6 Apr 2011 tcs.ch [110]
1.29/L (Diesel)
 US$/L US$/US
Country/Territ Date of
(95 gallon Local units Sources
ory price
RON) (95 RON)
Spain - Canary
0.99/L (95 RON)
Islands (tax 1.43 5.41 6 Apr 2011 tcs.ch [111]
0.91/L (Diesel)
free)
LKR 128/L (95 [45][46]
Octane)
22 Jan
Sri Lanka 0.98 3.71 LKR 117/L (90 [47] [48]
2015
Octane)
LKR 95/L (Diesel)
St Kitts and EC$17.20/imperial 4 May
1.40 5.30 [112]
Nevis gallon (regular) 2011
EC$2.70/L
25 Nov
St Lucia 1.00 3.79 (regular) [113]
2009
EC$2.66/L (diesel)
St Vincent and EC$13.60/imperial 19 May
1.11 4.20 [114]
the Grenadines gallon (regular) 2011
15 Aug
Suriname 1.55 5.87 SR$5/L [115]
2011
SEK 12.49/L (95),
SEK 14.90/L (98), 26 Oct
Sweden 1.47 5.56 [116]
SEK 12.25/L 2015
(diesel)
CHF 1.3/L
(Bleifrei 95)
CHF 1.34/L (Super 18 Mar globalpetrolprices.c
Switzerland 1.31 4.96
Plus 98) 2016 om [117]
CHF 1.29/L
(diesel)
CHF 1.50/L (RON
Switzerland -
95) 14 Apr Service station
Samnaun (tax 1.68 6.36
CHF 1.49/L 2011 [118]
free)
(1.05/L) (Diesel)
SY 150 pound/L
(unleaded)
Syria 0.8333 3.15 1 Jun 2015 [119]
SY 150 pound/L
(Diesel)
NT$34.0/L (92
unleaded)
NT$35.5/L (95
Taiwan 1.2034 4.56 2 Apr 2012 [120]
unleaded)
NT$37.5/L (98
unleaded)
Togo 1.22 4.62 CFA567/L 6 Jun 2011 [121]
(regular)
 US$/L US$/US
Country/Territ Date of
(95 gallon Local units Sources
ory price
RON) (95 RON)
CFA599/L (diesel)
37.38/L (Gasohol
95-E10)
43.75/L (RON 24 Nov
Thailand 1.42 5.38 PTT Thailand [122]
91), 35.38/L 2012
(Gasohol 91-E10)
32.19/L (Diesel)
US$0.43/L (92)
Trinidad and
0.91 3.44 US$0.91/L (95) 1 Dec 2015 [123]
Tobago
US$0.24/L (diesel)
TND 1.27/L
(0.67) (95 RON) 24 Sep
Tunisia 0.99 3.75 [124]
TND 0.91/L 2009
(0.48) (Diesel)
US$5.529/US
Turks and gallon (super) 21 Apr
1.46 5.53 [125]
Caicos US$5.469/US 2011
gallon (diesel)
TL 4,30/L (95
18 Mar
Turkey 1.50 5.68 RON) [126]
2016
TL 3.55/L (Diesel)
TMN 0.54 /L
13 Sep
Turkmenistan 0.19 0.72 [127]
I- 2011

AED 1.72/L (95

Octane)
AED 1.83/L (98 31 Dec [128]
UAE 0.498 1.89
Octane) 2011 [129]
AED 2.60/L
(Diesel)
UAH 16.00/L (95
Octane) 25 Oct
Ukraine 1.15 4.35 i.ua [130]
UAH 16.00/L 2014
(diesel)
1.06/L
United (Unleaded)
1.61 6.09 8 Feb 2015 [131]
Kingdom 1.15/L (Super)
1.13/L (Diesel)
$2.04/US gallon
25 Jan
United States 0.560 2.12 $2.31/US gallon [132]
2016
(diesel)
Uruguay 1.22 4.62 U$38.5/L 8 Feb 2015 [133]
 US$/L US$/US
Country/Territ Date of
(95 gallon Local units Sources
ory price
RON) (95 RON)
(Montevideo)
UZ SUM 1755/L
Uzbekistan 1.07 4.05 1 Jan 2011 [134]
(95)
BsF. 6.00/L (95) [135] (fixed prices
BsF. 1.00/L (91) 18 Feb 10BsF/$2016) (at
Venezuela 0.94 3.56
BsF. 0.048/L 2016 "non-essential"
(diesel) exch. rate)
VND 25,070/L
(RON 95)
VND 24,570/L 18 Jul
Vietnam 1.11 4.20 Petrolimex [136]
(RON 92) 2013
VND 22,310/L
(Diesel)
150 Rials/L
Yemen 0.73 2.76 9 Sep 2009 [137]
(diesel)
ZK7639/L 24 Sep
Zambia 1.61 6.09 [138]
(Gasoline) 2010

Protests

Average gasoline prices by country.

India

Wide protests on petrol price hikes have been frequent in the last 45 years. On 24 May 2012
the petrol price was hiked by 7.50, resulting prices in the range of 73 - 82 all over the
country.[49] Opposition had declared a bandh on 31 May 2012 across the country to protest
against the price hike,[50] which evoked mixed response, amid incidents of stone pelting, arson
and road blockades in some parts of the country.[51][52]

See also
Automobile costs

References
1. Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (German Agency
for International Cooperation). "International Fuel Prices 2010/11" (PDF). Retrieved
27 March 2013.

2. Fueling America: A Snapshot of Key Facts and Figures Retrieved 7 August

2012

3. Ana Campoy (20 June 2008). "Prices Curtail US Gasoline Use". Wall Street
Journal. p. A4.

4. Clifford Krauss (19 June 2008). "Driving Less, Americans Finally React to
Sting of Gas Prices, a Study Says". New York Times. Retrieved 6 January 2013.

5. "Weekly Retail Gasoline and Diesel Prices". US EIA. Retrieved 6 January

2013.

6. US Energy Information Administration. "US Product Supplied for Crude Oil

and Petroleum Products". Retrieved 25 May 2007.

7. What do I pay for in a gallon of regular gasoline? US Energy Information

Administration. Retrieved 7 August 2012.

8. Kliesen, Kevin L. "Rising Natural Gas Prices And Real Economic Activity".
Review (00149187) 88.6 (2006): 511-526. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12
February 2013

9. Rittenberg and Tregarthen. Principles of Microeconomics: Chapter 4.

Retrieved 19 June 2012.

10. File:Benzinpreis.png

11. "European Prices in Chart"

12. Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (German Agency

for International Cooperation). "International Fuel Prices 2010/11" (PDF). Retrieved
27 March 2013.

13. Deo, Ritwik (October 2012). "Petrol prices on the slide". My Family Club.

14. GTZ: Fuel Price Reform in Bolivia

15. [1]

16. Iranian targeted subsidy plan.

17. BBC: Nigeria fury as fuel prices double after subsidy ends leading to protest
and riots in certain parts of the country.

18. http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/mexico/tijuana/20081127-9999-
1b27gas.html
19. Wall Street Journal: "Fill 'er Up: Gas Is Cheap in Tijuana, So Californians Buy
Big Fuel Tanks" By JOEL MILLMAN and ANA CAMPOY 24 June 2008; Page A1

20. http://www.np.co.tt/about-us/company-profile/

21. http://www.energy.tt/index.php?categoryid=355&p2001_articleid=1233

22. http://www.guardian.co.tt/business/2015-05-11/fuel-subsidy-lower-912m

23. http://www.abc.es/internacional/20130515/abci-venezuela-gasolina-
201305142039.html Venezuela is going bankrupt for having the cheapest gasoline in
the world (ABC Spain - in Spanish)

24. http://www.thanhniennews.com/index/pages/20130718-vietnam-retail-
gasoline-prices-rise-peak-since-march.aspx Vietnam retail gasoline prices reach all-
time high

25. AFP: Indonesian police, protesters clash over fuel price hike: reports

26. Janes, Andrew (21 November 2014). "Indonesian Rupiah Completes Weekly
Gain After Fuel Subsidies Cut". Bloomberg.

27. http://www.iisd.org/gsi/sites/default/files/ffs_malaysia_czguide.pdf

28. http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/malaysia-axes-fuel-subsidies-
oil-prices-drop-27075677

29. AP (3 June 2008). "Malaysia to lift fuel price controls". Associated Press For
Petrol price : old price = rm$1.92/litre (US$0.59/litre or US$2.22/Gallon) increase to
new price rm$270.00/litre (US$0.83/litre = US$3.12/Gallon, base on US$1 =
MYR$3.27); For Diesel price : old price = MYR$1.58/litre (US$0.48/litre or
US$1.83/Gallon) increase to new price MYR$2.58/litre (US$0.79/litre =
US$2.98/Gallon, base on US$1 =MYR$3.27);. Retrieved 20 July 2008.

30. AP (4 June 2008). "Malaysia considers cash handouts as fuel hike looms".
Associated Press. Retrieved 4 June 2008.

31. Reuters (5 June 2008). "Malaysia lifts ban on fuel sales to foreigners".
Reuters UK. Retrieved 5 June 2008.

32. Channel Newsasia (22 June 2008). "Malaysia to set up separate border petrol
pumps for foreigners". Channel Newsasia. Retrieved 22 June 2008.

33. Malaysian Insider (18 November 2008). "Malaysians are now paying petrol
tax". Malaysian Insider. Retrieved 18 November 2008.

34. "M'sia to dump petrol subsidy?". The Straits Times. 19 November 2008.
Retrieved 19 November 2008.
35. "Petrol and diesel down 10 sen". 16 December 2008. Retrieved 16 December
2008.

36. "RON95 price up 5 sen to MYR1.80". 1 September 2009. Retrieved 1

September 2009.

37. http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/09/04/ron-97-price-hike.aspx

38. http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/impact-of-fuel-price-
hike-on-consumers-will-be-widespread-warns-fomca?
utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+tmi
%2Fnews%2Fallnews+%28TMI+-+All+News%29

39. http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/petrol-diesel-prices-up-
by-20-sen-from-midnight

40. http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/fuel-prices-at-pumps-up-
after-midnight

41. http://www.bbc.com/news/business-30140728

42. http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2014/11/21/putrajaya-
scraps-subsidies-for-ron95-diesel/

43. $0.001149 on unofficial exchange rate

44. Sierra Leone: Transportation costs, petrol price hike reversed (Press Release)
31 May 2011. Retrieved 7 August 2012

45. "Sri Lanka sharply raises fuel prices". AFP. 24 May 2008. Retrieved 8 June
2008.

46. "Sri Lanka increases fuel prices with immediate effect". Colombo Page. 25
May 2008. Retrieved 8 June 2008.

47. "Current Product Prices (Effect from 05th midnight of December 2014)".
Ceypetco. 5 December 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2014.

48. "Fuel prices reduced from midnight". Dailymirror. 21 January 2015.

Retrieved 21 January 2015.

49. Agencies (24 May 2012). "Petrol price hiked by Rs. 7.50, oil firms say can't
help it". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 24 May 2012.

50. "Petrol price hike: Opposition unites to call for all India bandh on May 31".
The Times Of India. 24 May 2012. Retrieved 24 May 2012.

51. Press Trust of India (31 May 2012). "Bharat bandh: Mixed response to
nationwide strike against petrol price hike". The Times of India (New Delhi, India).
Retrieved 31 May 2012.
 52. NDTV Correspondent (31 May 2012). "Bharat Bandh: Nationwide protests on
petrol price hike evoke mixed response". NDTV (New Delhi, India). Retrieved 31 May
2012.

Petrol Prices in India http://www.publicinfopath.com/petrolprice/

Petrol Prices in Malaysia http://petrolpriceguru.my

External links
United States

Who is in the Oil Futures Market and How Has It Changed?, by Rice University's
Baker Institute For Public Policy

FAQs about gas prices at FuelEconomy.gov by the US Dept. of Energy

Factors affecting gas prices (US Dept. of Energy)

Understanding Gasoline Prices - 2005 report from the United States Government
Accountability Office

AAA's Daily Fuel Gauge Report

US EIA Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Report US Energy Information Administration

Current Gas Prices in the US

Recent historical gas prices in the US at GasBuddy.com

2012 NACS Retail Fuels Report

Collective List of Gas Usage Per Second Since 1995

International

European Market Observatory Official EU statistics on Gasoline and Diesel prices

Global Fuel Price Comparison UK petrol prices compared to other countries showing
contributing factors.

Gas Prices Around the World Interactive Gas Prices Around the World Conde Nast
Portfolio

GTZ International Fuel Prices 2009

Gasoline Prices Brazil

 EU Fuel Prices Fuel prices in EU countries. Fuel prices with and without taxes &
duties.

Current Gas Prices Germany, EU, International

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This page was last modified on 7 April 2016, at 07:50.

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