Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
201405133
0.018
0.016
DOSE (mSv)
0.014
0.012
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0
0.1 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8
Figure1: The figure shows the dependency of effective dose (mSv) and skull absorbed dose (mSv)
on the lead thickness (mm) for PA projection of a 1 year old child. In PA projection the central
ray of the x-ray beam enters through the back part of the skull and leaves through the front part
thus creating less damage to the important organs like eyes because of its reduction in strength
due to interactions with bones. Skull has high atomic number therefore it absorbs more dose. The
graph shows that the skull absorbed dose decreases almost exponentially with the increase in lead
thickness while the effective dose is almost constant with the increasing lead filter thickness.
SKULL (PA) DOSES VS ALUMINIUM FILTER THICKNESS ON A 1 YEAR OLD
CHILD
0.02
0.018
0.016
DOSES (mSv)
0.014
0.012
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
Figure 2: The figure shows the dependency of effective dose (mSv) and skull absorbed dose (mSv) on
the aluminium thickness (mm) for PA projection of a 1 year old child. In PA projection the central ray
of the x-ray beam enters through the back part of the skull and leaves through the front part thus
creating less damage to the important organs like eyes because of its reduction in strength due to
interactions with bones. Skull has high atomic number therefore it absorbs more dose. The graph
shows that the skull absorbed dose decreases almost exponentially with the increase in aluminium
thickness while the effective dose is almost constant with the increasing aluminium filter thickness.
Table 2: SKULL ABSORBED DOSES OBTAINED FROM DIFFERENT LEAD FILTER
THICKNESSES.
LEAD THICKNESS SKULL ABSORBED DOSE (mSv)
(mm)
0.10 0.018322
0.25 0.003962
0.30 0.002631
0.48 0.000721
0.60 0.000334
0.68 0.000206
0.80 0.000102
0.02
0.015
0.01
0.005
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
Figure 3: This figure shows the absorbed dose (mSv) received by the skull of a 1 year child in PA
projection for different lead filter thicknesses (mm). In PA projection the central ray of the x -ray
beam enters through the back part of the skull and leaves through the front part thus creating
less damage to the important organs like eyes because of its reduction in strength due to
interactions with bones. Skull has high atomic number therefore it absorbs more dose. The graph
shows that skull absorbed dose decreases almost exponentially with the increase in lead thickness.
Table 3: ABSORBED DOSES OBTAINED FROM DIFFERENT ALUMINIUM FILTER
THICKNESSES.
ALUMINIUM THICKNESS SKULL ABSORBED DOSE (mSv)
(mm)
1.00 0.109454
1.85 0.083315
2.50 0.070126
3.12 0.060522
4.00 0.050097
4.79 0.042901
5.12 0.040341
0.12
SKULL ABSORBED DOSE (mSv)
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Figure 4: This figure shows the absorbed dose (mSv) received by the skull of a 1 year child in PA
projection for different aluminium filter thicknesses (mm). In PA projection the central ray of the
x-ray beam enters through the back part of the skull and leaves through the front part thus
creating less damage to the important organs like eyes because of its reduction in strength due to
interactions with bones. Skull has high atomic number therefore it absorbs more dose. The graph
shows that skull absorbed dose decreases almost linearly with the increase in aluminium
thickness.
DISCUSION
From all the figures it is clear that skull absorbed dose decreases with the increase in the
filter thickness. Looking at figures 1 and 2 drawn from table 1 one can make an
approximation that the combination of 0.20 mm aluminium filter and 0.30 mm lead filter is
quiet good since it represent a rapid fall in skull absorbed dose. Skull absorbs more dose
when using aluminium filter than when using lead filter.
When increasing the total filtration while holding the kVp fixed resulted in mean decreases
in the effective dose and rapid fall in skull absorbed dose. Good filtration does not pose a
problem in terms of reduction in image quality.
I recommend the use of lead filter at 0.25 mm thickness or the combination of 0.20 mm
aluminium filter and 0.30 mm lead filter since they result in lower patient dose. Lead is a
good filter since it has fairly high atomic number. I also recommend the use of copper filter
at 0.45 mm thickness.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion one can say that lead filter is the best filter when used with the thickness of
0.25 mm when compared to aluminium because it give the skull absorbed dose that is far
less than the effective dose limit of the skull; 0.03 mSv.