I.

CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Collision Theory: molecules of a substance always move, and
when they move, they collide with each other, causing a chemical
reaction.
Activation Energy: Minimum amount of energy to activate a
chemical reaction
VI. CHARLES LAW Volume & Temperature
This gas law is about the relationship of Volume and Temperature
(K) proposed by Jacques Alexandre Charles, which states that the
temperature (in Kelvin) and the volume of a gas are directly
related, when there is no change in pressure.

EXAMPLES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Formula: V1 / T1 = V2 / T2

1. Decomposition To convert Celsius to Kelvin, add 273.15 K to the temperature.

2. Single Replacement
3. Double Replacement
4. Combination VII. GAY LUSSACS LAW Temperature & Pressure

This gas law is about the relationship of Temperature (K) and

Pressure, proposed by Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac, which states
II. BALANCING CHEMICAL REACTIONS
that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the absolute
(Refer to notes written in Science 10 Notebook) temperature (Kelvin).

Formula: P1 / T1 = P2 / T2

III. EXOTHERMIC AND ENDOTHERMIC

Exothermic Reactions: gives off energy, releases heat and VIII. COMBINED GAS LAW Volume, Temp,
causes the temperature to rise. Pressure

Endothermic Reactions: absorbs heat which causes the The Combined Gas Law is a combination of Boyles Law, Gay-
temperature to decrease. Lussacs Law and Charles Law.

Formula: P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2

IV. SPONTANEOUS AND NON-SPONTANEOUS

Spontaneous Reactions: occurs naturally and continuously IX. IDEAL GAS LAW

Non-Spontaneous Reactions: needs energy to occur
V. BOYLES LAW Volume & Pressure
A gas law about the relationship of Volume and Pressure
proposed by Robert Boyle, which states that the volume held at a
constant temperature, is inversely proportional to its pressure.
The Ideal Gas Law is a combination of Boyles, Charles, Gay-
Lussacs, and Avogadros Laws. This law tells us that the volume
of a gas varies directly with the number of moles and absolute
temperature, and inversely proportional with pressure.
Formula: PV = nRT
Where: R the proportionality constant at STP which
is equal to 0.0821 L atm / mol K

Formula: P1V1 = P2V2