COEFFICIENT "A"

CONSTANT DEVIATION

VARIATION TYPE

INDUCED MAGNETISM IN H.S.I

PLACED UNSYMMETIRCAL RELATIVE
TO THE COMPASS.
CAUSE BY

DOES NOT CHANGE WITH THE

CHANGE IN LATITUDE
CHANGES

TAKING MEAN OF DEVIATION ON

ANY FOUR (EIGHT) POINTS OF THE
WHOLE COMPASS.
ERROR FOUND BY

To prevent "Gaussins' Error" - check

deviation after every alteration of
course and ship sould be swung
slower
CORRECTION

"+A" means easterly deviation on

all course

"-A" means westerly deviation on

all course
Sign of Error
 COEFFICIENT "B"

SEMICIRCULAR DEVIATION

FORCE "P"
(PB) - CAUSED BY P , F & A MAGNET OF
SHIP'S
PERMANENT MAGNETISM
(IB) - CAUSED BY INDUCED MAGNETISM
VERTICAL SOFT IRON IN THE FORE AND AFT
MAGNETISM
CHANGES IN LATITUDE
MINIUM AT EQUATOR
SIGN DOES NOT CHANGES EVEN IF TI
CHANGES HEMISPHERE

TAKING MEAN OF DEVIATION ON EAST AND

WEST BY COMPASS AFTER REVERSING THE
SIGN OF THE DEVIATION ON WEST

COEF "B" = (Dev "E" - Dev "W") / 2

FOR (PB) - PLACING PERMANENT MAGNET

F & A UNDER THE COMPASS
FOR (IB) - PLACING THE FLINDERS BARS IN
F & A DIRECTION OF COMPASS

Present Error and Existing Corrector

same colour - over correction
diff colour - under correction

"+B" means E'ly deviation on E'ly courses and

W'ly deviation on W'ly courses

"-B" means W'ly deviation on E'ly courses and

E'ly deviation on W'ly courses.
 COEFFIENT "C" COEFFICIENT "D"

SEMICIRCULAR DEVIATION QUADRANTAL DEVIATION

FORCE "Q" HORIZONTAL SOFT IRON

(PC) - CAUSED BY ATHWARTSHIP COMPONENT (eg. Deck Beams esp in the
OF SHIP'S PERMANENT MAGNETISM. accommodation below the compass,
(IC) - CAUSED BY INDUCED Deck plating, Fore and Aft members
MAGNETISM BY "Z" of the ship's hull)

(PC) - IS "ZERO" AT THE EQUATOR AND DOES NOT CHANGE WITH THE
MAXIMUM AT THE "POLE" CHANGE IN LATITUDE
SIGN DOES NOT CHANGE EVEN WHEN CHANGE
HEMISPHERE.

TAKING MEAN OF THE DEVIATION ON "N" AND TAKING MEAN OF DEVIATION ON

"S" BY COMPASS AFTER REVERSING THE SIGN
OF THE DEVIATION ON "S"
COEF "C" = (Dev "N" Co. - Dev. "S" Co.) / 2
"NE,SE,SW & NW" AFTER REVERSING
THE SIGN OF THE DEVIATION ON "SE"
& "NW"
COEF"D" = (Dev "NE" - "SE" + "SW"
- "NW") / 4

FOR (PC) - PERMANENT MAGNET PLACED COMPENSATED BY THE USE OF SOFT

BELOW THE COMPASS, ATWARTSHIP IRON SPHERES.
DIRECTION.
FOR (IC) - CAN BE INGNORED BCZ P&S
STRUCTURE ON THE MERCHANT SHIP ARE THE
SAME MOSTLY.

"+C" means E'ly deviation on N'ly courses and
W'ly deviation on S'ly courses
"-C" means W'ly deviation on N'ly courses and
E'ly deviation on S'ly courses.
"+D" means E'ly deviation on NE'ly
and SW'ly courses and W'ly deviation
on SE'ly and NW'ly courses
"-D" means W;ly deviation on NE'ly
and SW'ly courses and E'ly deviation
on SE;ly and NW'ly courses.
 COEFFICIENT "E"

QUADRANTAL DEVIATION

CAUSED BY INDUCED MAGNETISM

LIES DIAGONALLY & ALSO CAUSE
BY UNSYMMETRICAL H.S.I LAYING
EITHER ATHWARTSHIP AND FORE
AND AFT.

DOES NOT CHANGE WITH THE

CHANGE IN LATITUDE

TAKING MEAN OF DEVIAITON ON

"N,E,S & W" AFTER REVERSING THE
SIGN OF THE DEVIATION OF "E"
AND "W".

COEF "E" = (Dev. "N" - "E" + "S"

"W") / 4

THE SPHERE ARE ROTATED TO SEE

WHETHER THE CARD TURNS. THE
PERMANENT EFFECT MAY BE
REMOVED BY HEATING UNTIL THE
SPHERES ARE RED HOT.

"+E" means E'ly deviation on N'ly

and S'ly courses and W'ly deviation
on E'ly and W'ly courses.

"-E" means W'ly deviation on N'ly

and S'ly courses ans E'ly deviation
on E'ly and W'ly courses.