Documente Academic
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notebook June22,2014
Problemacolorriihrilor.
Suntdate nripreciznduserelaiiledevecintate.Se
ceressedetermineoposibilitatedecolorareahrii,
astfelnctsnuexisterivecinecoloratelafel.
Setiefaptulcpentrucolorareauneihrisuntnecesare
celmult4culori.Problemaarfipututcerecolorareahrii
utilizndunnumrminimdeculori.Curegretnusecunosc
algoritmipolinomialicarespoatcoloraohartprin
utilizareaanumai4culori.Totui,colorareahriloresteo
problemreal.Presupunndunnumrmarederi
suntemobligaisfolosimometodeuristic,ncares
obinemocolorareadmisibil,chiardacnuseutilizeaz
unnumrminimdeculori(poatechiarmaimaredect4).
Feb2511:17AM
1
TehnicaGreedy.notebook June22,2014
6
5
3
10
13
11 2
4
12 9 1 1
7
Europe
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TehnicaGreedy.notebook June22,2014
Program
Culoarea1
Culoarea2
Culoarea3
Culoarea4
3
6 Culoarea5
5 2
3
10
13 4
11
4
12 9 1 1
7
Europe
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TehnicaGreedy.notebook June22,2014
Matriceadeadiacen Algoritmul
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0
3 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
5 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
6 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
10 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
11 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
12 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
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TehnicaGreedy.notebook June22,2014
Algoritmulpropusesteurmtorul:
ara1vaaveaculoarea1
presupunemcolorateprimelei1ri
araivaficoloratcuceamaimicculoare,cuun
numrataatmaimaresauegalcu1,astfelnctniciuna
dinrilevecinesnufiecoloratelafel.
Feb2511:17AM
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TehnicaGreedy.notebook June22,2014
SecvenadeprogramcerealizeazalgoritmulGreedy
c[1]:=1
fori:=2tondo
begin
cl:=1
repeat
gasit:=false
forj:=1toi1do
if(a[i,j]=1)and(cl=c[j])thengasit:=true
ifnotgasitthenc[i]:=clelsecl:=cl+1
untilnotgasit
end
fori:=1tondo
writeln('tara',i,'culoarea',c[i])
CareestediferenadintreunalgoritmbacktrackingiunulGreedypentru
problemacolorriihrilor ?
Observaie. AnalizndalgoritmulbacktrackingialgoritmulGreedypentruproblema
colorriihrilorobservm,calgoritmulbacktrackinggenereaztoatesoluiile
posibilealeproblemeiducndlauntimpdecalculmultmaimare,pecndalgoritmul
Greedypropusgenereazdoarosingursoluieposibilreducnd,naafel,timpulde
calcul.
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TehnicaGreedy.notebook June22,2014
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