R

omanian
Defence

MINISTRY OF national DEFENCE

 16
R omanian
Defence

PRIORITIES IN MOND
DEFENCE POLICY
Contents
1 • Foreword by the Minister of
National Defence
CONTRIBUTION TO 2 • Foreword by the Chief of
OPERATION General Staff
„ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR“ 3 • Priorities in MoND Defence
Policy
5 • Five years of NATO
membership
7 • Strategic partenerships
9 • Land Forces

3 12 • Air Forces
14 • Naval Forces

23 18 • Romanian Troops in
Afghanistan

22 24
ROMANIAN TROOPS IN IRAK
SERVICES AND BRANCHES
CELEBRATIONS IN THE
ROMANIAN ARMED FORCES
22 • Romanian Troops in
Irak
23 • Romanian Troops in
Kosovo
24 • Contribution to Operation
„Active Endeavour“
25 • Engaging in EU Mission
26 • Romanian Military in UN
Missions

7 27 • Military education – marks

the reform
32 29 • Housing for military’
employees
30 • Credibility through
STRATEGIC PARTENERSHIPS transparency
31 • Services and branches
celebrations in the
Romanian Armed Forces

27
MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEFENCE
Information and Public Relations Directorate
General Staff Public Relations Section
Layout and Cover: Gabriela Chircea
Photos by: MoND photographers & PR officers
MILITARY EDUCATION – MARKS THE REFORM Printed at Military Technical Publishing Center
Foreword by the
Minister of National Defence
Mihai STÃNIŞOARĂ,
Minister of National Defence
O
ne cannot deny
the fact that major
difficulties confron-
ting the Romanian society
will also influence the ac-
tions of the National Mili-
tary Institution. The drastic
budget reduction for De-
fence made us rethink the
philosophy for develop-
ment, under these circum-
stances, and we must
diligently take upon our-
selves the efforts and the
perspectives of continuing
the development of our
programs. This is why we
doctrinally, strategically
and operationally validate
the fundamental missions
of the Romanian Armed
Forces which are based
on the North-Atlantic Al-
liance and European Union
membership as well as the
Constitution.
Therefore, we are con-
sidering: the consolidation
of the political-military
profile of Romania within
NATO, in the applied con-
text of the Alliance trans-
formation process, in which
our country should be
able to assume new roles;
the continuation of its
strategic involvement in
the effort of the interna-
tional community to
counter terrorism; the de-
velopment of the political-
military relations within
the Alliance, emphasizing
the constructive respon-
siveness of the strategic
partnership; the intensifi-
cation of the contribution
to conceptual and opera-
tional developments within
European Security and De-
fence Policy; the strength-
ening of the political-
military dialogue as well
as military cooperation in
the Extended Black Sea
Region; maintaining our
current capabilities of de-
ployable and fully sustain-
able structures.
These are a few directions
substantiated politically
and in military operations
which focus the efforts of
the leadership of the Min-
istry of National Defence
in maintaining, upgrading
and increasing the effec-
tiveness of a positive con-
tinuity of the European
and Euro-Atlantic integra-
tion process.
1
 Foreword by the
Chief of General Staff
A
fter five year membership of
Romania into the North Atlan-
tic Alliance, I will invite you to
meet the Romanian Armed Forces, a
vital institution of our state that is
currently being undergoing a trans-
formation and modernization pro-
cess in deep agreement with the
specific challanges of this start of the
3rd millenium.
The Romanian General Staff, as a
military strategic leadership struc-
ture, has established and provided -
based on its legally stipulated func-
tions - its guidance to develop Roma-
nian Armed Forces into a solid,
reliable, flexible and dynamic body,
capable to fulfill any mission assig-
ned.
While ongoing its transformatio-
nal process, Romanian Armed Forces
has appropriated and assumed the
general tendency of NATO and mo-
reover a special focus has been given
to those activities meant to achieve
the Alliance’s standards in respect
with rendering military units opera-
tional.
Romanian Armed Forces have al-
ready military structures made ope-
rational and validated accordingly by
NATO standards, including „invete-
rate/accustomed” troops that have
well experienced difficult and com-
plex missions in Irak, Afghanistan,
West Balkans, Mediterranean Sea or
Africa. Our Romanian military troops
have also proved their professional
capability in participation to a large
number of joint exercises conducted
along with our allies. Due to their
professionalism, devotion and pre-
pardness to make the ultimate sacri-
fice in the fight they are engaged, our
troops confirmed the trustworthiness
they were invested with, as reliable
soldiers of our country and North
Atalntic Allliance, as well.
After the mission of six years in
Irak, as part of a joint endeavour, the
Romanian Armed Forces is now
proud to report to its citizens that the
almost seven thousands troops have
fulfill with dignity their task and con-
tributed to stabilization and recons-
truction of Irak. Many of the realities
of today and tomorrow’s Irak could
not have been possible unless Roma-
nian military participated into. At this
2
moment, the completion of this mis- this is the reason we struggle to esta-
sion – the first large scale operation blish a real partenership between our
when measured to the second World institution and military in view to
War – will enable us make the measu- identify some manners to smoothly
rable assessment of the degree to integrate themselves into the social
which our troops – under the direct life.
control and supervision of its General The bilateral and multinational re-
Staff – were able, as part of a military lationships are focused on the identi-
coallition, to employ a complex me- fication of the most beneficial ways
chanism to force projection to long to cooperate in different areas, such
distances and sustainability in thea- as training, operations, education,
tres of operation. data and information exchange, so-
The effort to participate in the cial programs to enable our military
ISAF mission (International Security and parteners to take contact with
Assistance Force), under NATO man- the cultural values of the others.
date, in Afghanistan has constantly These are only a few reasons I in-
increased from a year to another due vite you to look at this magazine
to the Romania’s committments; at where I am sure you will find out in-
present, Romanian Armed Forces has teresting and useful pieces of infor-
got 1.000 troops deployed to this this mation on Romanian Armed Forces.
country. Moreover, we should under-
line the fact that this contribution
takes place over a large area, in one
of very important zone of Afghanis-
tan.
In 2008 Romania hosted the
NATO Summit at Bucharest; a conse-
quence was thereafter its recognition
from the Alliance’s states, namely the
role assumed to provide security and
involve therefore into solving out the
local, regional and global security is-
sues. Romania takes part into the
projects and initiatives for enhancing
NATO capabilities. Additionally, Ro-
mania supports the development of a
new strategic Concept for the Al-
liance to approach all the specific
areas, especially solidarity in this new
security environment. Admiral Gheorghe MARIN PhD.,
Domestically, Romanian Armed Chief of General Staff
Forces enjoys the trust of its citizens
and the way our military train them-
selves and achieve their missions
both in country and outside, is highly
appreciated by our people.
Our Armed Forces is making ef-
forts to identify the best possible so-
lutions for equipping and for
providing the necessary conditions of
training and preparing for combat.
Our efforts are now directed towards
equipping all the Services with the
necessary capabilities but also to-
wards modernization and mainte-
nance of the existing capabilities.
We are also interested into the
welfare of our troops, mostly, their
psychological and moral status; and
 Priorities in MoND Defence Policy
I
In the current evolving security
environment, subject to unfore-
seeable developments, national
security can no longer be ensured
only by domestic means and en-
deavours. We highly value dialog,
close cooperation and joint action
at regional and international level.
Our security and defence policy is
entirely founded on the principles
of collective, cooperative and indi-
visible security. Therefore, our prio-
rities are driven by our twofold
status, as NATO and EU member
state, and the necessity to
strengthen bilateral relations and
regional cooperation. Therefore,
the efforts the Ministry of National
Defence focus on:
Developing credible defence
capabilities
As a sine qua non condition in
achieving our defence policy prio-
rities, the development of credible
defence capabilities is a top priority.
Constant efforts are required in
order to revise the force structure
and build up interoperable, high-
readiness, deployable and sustai-
nable forces. Since January 1, 2007,
the Romanian Armed Forces have
been completely professionalized.
Nevertheless, there still are forth-
coming plans to acquire interope-
rable equipment and armament.
Simultaneously, human resour-
ces management is being impro-
ved. This process should lead to
increased effectiveness by reducing
duplication, providing transpa-
rency, implementing a competen-
ce-based selection system and a
pyramid-tailored system of military
hierarchy.
We have also set up as a priority
the upgrading of the planning and
defence resources management.
Armament and military equip-
ment procurement programs are
based on the general objective es-
tablished in the Transformation
Strategy of the Romanian Armed
Forces reviewed in 2007, regarding
the achievement of a modern struc-
ture. It would be fully professional,
with greater mobility, efficient,
flexible, deployable, sustainable,
and capable of acting jointly and to
be engaged in a wide range of na-
tional and international missions,
from the basic restructuring phase
to the operational integration
phase into NATO and the European
Union.
The procurement
programs aim to:
• Improving technical status of
armaments and military equip-
ment;
• Reaching EU and NATO stan-
dards;
• Using the technical and techno-
logical capacities of Romanian
industry, within the limits of
the budget allotted for defence
procurement.
The strategic programs meet the
essential security interests of the
country and the assumed commit-
ments of Romania to NATO. The
strategic programs are:
• Multi-role aircrafts;
• Long-range air defence systems;
• Multifunctional corvettes;
• Mine hunters;
• Armoured personnel carriers;
• Light armoured and non-ar-
moured vehicles.
Romania’s commitments to
NATO
In order to consolidate our
membership, the national efforts
are directed towards clearly defined
priorities, such as: meeting the
commitments Romania made within
the allied defence planning process,
supporting initiatives aimed at de-
veloping allied forces and capabili-
ties, participating in the entire
range of allied operations, and en-
hancment of the Romanian armed
forces’ level of interoperability and
operational capacity within multi-
national missions.
Romania is actively involved in
the NATO transformation process,
both by contributing to conceptual
developments and taking part in
ongoing programmes and initia-
tives, including the NATO Response
Force (NRF) and the multinational
capabilities commitments.
3
 Priorities in MoND Defence Policy

tive regional policy, designed to

project stability and security in the
Balkans and the Black Sea region.
The increasing strategic impor-
tance of the wider Black Sea region
requires a comprehensive approach.
To this end, our defence endea-
vours are focused on strengthening
the political-military dialog and mil-
itary bilateral cooperation, providing
defence reform assistance pro-
grams and enhancing our contribu-
tion to multinational cooperation
initiatives.

We are also contributing with By contributing with forces and

forces and capabilities to all NATO–
led operations: International Security
Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afgha-
nistan, Kosovo Force (KFOR), NATO
Training Mission – Iraq (NTM-I) and
the only Article 5 Allied Operation
currently taking place in the Medi-
terranean Sea (Operation ACTIVE
ENDEAVOUR).
Furthermore, Romania constan-
tly endorsed the importance of the
NATO partnership policy through
dialog and cooperation, as a critical
element in promoting security and
stability in the Euro-Atlantic region
and beyond.
As a living proof of Romania’s
credibility among its allies, the
largest Summit in the history of the
Alliance was organized in Bucharest
in 2008.
capabilities to two Battle Groups,
Romania is actively involved in the
development of the EU rapid reac-
tion capacity.
Moreover, we are focused on
our involvement in the European
Defence Agency and have an active
presence in EUFOR-Althea military
operation.
Projecting Regional
Stability and Security
As a NATO and EU member
state, Romania promotes a proac-
Participating in the Fight
against Terrorism
Romania’s defence policy goals
call for a permanent connection to
the developments of the interna-
tional security environment. Based
on the principle of indivisible and
cooperative security, we will con-
tinue to be involved in the interna-
tional efforts to fight terrorism, by
offering intelligence capabilities
and military support.

Contributing to the
European Security and
Defence Policy
Romania is constantly strengt-
hening its commitments with forces
and capabilities in line with the Eu-
ropean Security and Defence Poli-
cy’s developments. In this regard,
our present strategic priority is to
accomplish the EU Headline Goal
2010.

4
 Five years of NATO membership
he Alliance’s major event of
T spring 2009 recently con-
cluded in Strasbourg-Kehl.
The Anniversary Summit was
meant not only to celebrate 60
years of NATO but it offered a
unique opportunity to reaffirm
the allied commitment to the va-
lues and principles on which the
North-Atlantic Alliance is based.
For Romania, the significance of
this Summit is even more far
reaching, as this April we cele-
brated of five years of NATO
membership. Romania also marked
fifteen years of formal coopera-
tion with NATO, firstly initiated
through the PfP Program. In
January 1994, Romania was the
first partner to sign the PfP
Framework document opening
the road to what would to be-
come one of the most successful
NATO cooperation initiatives.
Since April 2004, as a fully fledged
NATO member, Romania became
part of what is known as the most
complex process of “re-inventing”
NATO. From this perspective, the
last five years were a period of
challenges and achievements for
Romania, in terms of military
transformation and adaptation to
the requirements of the member-
ship status. These five years have
been one of the most demanding
periods in NATO’s history. The Al-
liance has been involved in se -
veral operations and missions,
with an unprecedented high op-
erational tempo. NATO has also
engaged in a number of ambi-
tious projects and initiatives
aimed at transforming and adap-
ting NATO to the conditions of the
new international environment.
Romania’s first five years in
NATO accompanied with the en-
thusiastic creation and challeng-
ing implementation of NRF, the
enduring engagement of the Al-
liance in Afghanistan. This is the
reform of NATO’s way of doing
business or the progress made in
achieving essential capabilities
such as strategic airlift and infor-
mation superiority.
As a NATO member, Romania
is fully committed to the Alliance’s
founding principles and shares
the benefits and responsibilities
of membership. Firmly observant
of the provisions of Article 5 and
supporter of a strong trans-At-
lantic link, Romania set collective
defence at the core of the Al-
liance’s security role. Neverthe-
less, the nature of the current
threats and the perspectives of
the future security environment
put a premium on the expedi-
tionary ability and the capacity to
counter threats as they arise. This
is why adapting national forces
and participating in NATO initia-
tives like NRF, strategic lift or
5
 Five years of NATO membership

ground surveillance became of ut-
most importance.
Ensuring a sound contribution
to the allied decision-making
process, operations and initiatives
is one of the guiding principles of
the Romanian national defence
policy. Efforts are aimed at con-
solidating our profile within
NATO, through a coherent ap-
proach, oriented on defence
transformation on one hand and
contribution to the Allied opera-
tions on the other. This approach
implies a correlation between in-
ternal reforms, participation in al-
lied capability initiatives and the
level of national commitments to
NATO missions. In terms of de-
fence outputs this means a
greater focus on reaching the
Force Goals and delivering more
flexible, deployable, sustainable
and expeditionary forces, suited
for the full spectrum of allied op-
erations. It means participating in
NATO initiatives that will provide
the necessary enabling capabili-
ties, which are critical for the
success of the allied missions and
meet our force requirements. It
means continuing our participa-
tion with appropriate forces and
capabilities in allied operations,
focusing on the lessons learned,
in order to feed them back in the
force transformation process.
With more than 1500 troops
deployed in several NATO TOs,
ranging from Afghanistan, Kosovo
and Iraq, Romania has risen to as-
sume its role as a security pro-
vider side by side with other allied
nations.

A chronology of Romania - NATO relationships:

• March 2004 – The Prime Minister of Romania submits Romania’s accession instrument to the North Atlantic
Treaty, Washington, USA..
• April 2, 2004 – Ceremony of hoisting the Romanian National Flag at NATO Headquarters in Brussels..
• June 2004 – Annual meeting of PfP Consortium of Defence Academies and Security Studies Institutes takes
place in Bucharest.
• August 2004 – Romania participates in NATO Training Mission in Iraq.
• October 2004 – Poiana Braşov mountain resort (Central Romania) hosts the informal meeting of NATO De-
fence Ministers.
• November 2004 – Romania continues its troop contribution in Bosnia and Herzegovina as EUFOR ALTHEA
replaces SFOR. First Romanian Soldiers were deployed under IFOR in 1996 and under SFOR in June 1998.
• October 2005 – Romania initiates its participation in Operation Active Endeavour.
• April 2006 – August 2006 – Romania takes command of the Kabul International Airport with a detachment
of the Romanian Air Force.
• May 2006 – Romania signs the establishment documents for NATO Assistance Fund/Partnership for Peace -
OSCE/ENVSEC (Environment and Security Initiative).
• March 2007 – NAC in Brussels adopted the decision regarding the organization of 2008 NATO Summit in
Bucharest (2-4 April 2008)..
• January 2007 – December 2008 – Romania holds the second mandate as NATO Point of Contact Embassy in
Chişinău.
• August 2007 – October 2007 – Romania conducts operation “BALTICA 07” consisting in the execution of Air
Police Service for Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia.
• April 2008 – NATO Summit in Bucharest..
• June 2008 – In accordance with Romania’s commitment at the NATO Summit in Bucharest, the Supreme De-
fence Council decided to increase its troop contribution in Afghanistan with 200 troops. First Romanian
forces were deployed in Afghanistan in January 2002.
• February 2009 – Romania rotates its 18th detachment under KFOR. First Romanian troops were sent in Kosovo
in March 2000.
• April 2009 – Military ceremonies are held in all Romanian units marking the anniversary of five years of
NATO membership.

6
 Strategic partnerships

USA Germany with political – military dialog,

Since 1997, Romania’s rela- The Romanian-German de- but also with contacts at the ope-
tions with the USA developed fence cooperation is based upon rational level ought to be further
within the framework of the two points of coordination that developed, in our opinion, within
Strategic Partnership. The docu- are mutually reinforcing – within the framework provided by the
Romanian-German Constructive
Strategic Partnership.
Romania sees defence coope-
ration with Germany as a prio-
rity and regards this partener as
one of the most important in
the EU.
The goals of the Romanian-
German defence cooperation
are: enhancing the political-mi-
litary dialog on Euro-Atlantic se-
curity issues; setting up direct
relations between services,
great units, military education
institutions; developing an effi-
cient in-theatre cooperation,
getting German support for
achieving Romania’s complete
ment actually represents the the EU and NATO. Current co- NATO integration and intero-
pillar for current and future co- operation that deals not just perability.
operation between the two na-
tions, emphasizing elements
that need to be enhanced in Ro-
manian-US defence relationship:
the continuous support in build-
ing and enhancing defence ca-
pabilities, training of Romanian
military personnel, bilateral con-
sultations on matters that are of
mutual concern.
The high level contacts and
The Bilateral Working Group
represent the best opportunities
for setting up the priorities for
bilateral defence cooperation
and for harmonizing the na-
tional position within the multi-
national organizations Romania
is part of.

7
 Strategic partnerships

France
Romanian-French defence co-
operation is carried out in the
context of the Romanian-French
Constructive Strategic Partner-
ship that has been set up in
order to diversify and deepen
the traditionally privileged re-
lations between the two coun-
tries.
The main guiding-lines of the
Romanian-French defence coop-
eration are listed in the “De-
fence and Security” chapter of
the Joint Presidential Statement,
issued on February 4, 2008, on
the occasion of the French Presi-
dent Nicolas SARKOZY’s visit to
Romania. Aimed at implement-
ing the Strategic Partnership
and the “Feuille du Route”, these
guidelines are as follows:
• Consolidating the joint mili- Italy
• Consolidating interoperabi-
tary capabilities; Our Constructive Strategic
lity between the armed forces
• Developing new ways of co- Partnership with Italy aims at:
of the two nations in the field
operation in the field of ar- developing bilateral military re-
of education and training;
mament. lations, enhancing Italy’s political
and military support for Roma-
nian military personnel, fighting
against terrorism, and strengt-
hening the southern flank of the
Alliance.
The existing regional initia-
tives, in which Romania and
Italy take part, are good exam-
ples of how instrumental re-
gional cooperation can be used
to provide a credible foundation
for building security and stabi-
lity. Nevertheless, they could be
considered as solid proof of the
armed forces’ adaptability to
new security challenges.

8
 Land Forces
Goals:
The Romanian Land Forces
are the main component of the
Romanian Armed Forces. The
Land Forces are assigned to
carry out a whole range of land
and airborne military opera-
tions, independently or jointly
with other services, either under
a national contributor or under
a multinational military force
command in NATO or EU-led
operations.
The Romanian Land Forces
contribute significantly to the
security of Romania and to the
achievement of the capabilities
necessary to the Romanian Armed
Forces in order to promote and
protect the national interests re-
lated to current or future risks
and threats. The service plays an
important role in meeting the
commitments assumed by Ro-
mania, in terms of defence and
security, to NATO, EU or other
international bodies.
In order to carry out the mis-
sions assigned, the Romanian
Land Forces focuses on planning
a new and flexible force struc-
ture, fully professional, designed
to be highly mobile, efficient,
flexible, deployable, sustainable
and able to operate wherever it
might be needed, at home, or
abroad.
Missions:
At peacetime:
• Participating in the integra-
ted management of the Ro-
manian state borders;
• Extracting and evacuating
Romanian citizens from for-
eign countries;
• Securing military facilities,
transports and communica-
tions;
• Providing ceremonial, protec-
tion and protocol services.
Defend Romania and its Allies by:
• Deterring and repelling any
armed aggression against Ro-
mania or its Allies, as a con-
tributor to NATO collective
defence;
• Assisting the work of the
Government bodies and pro-
tecting the population.
Promote regional and global
stability by:
• Using defence diplomacy
means;
• Contributing to crisis res-
ponse operations (CRO);
• Contributing to human assis-
tance operations abroad;
• Contributing to military ope-
rations in coalitions;
• Contributing to defence co-
operation initiatives and to
the implementation of the
measures taken in order to
enhance trust and stability;
• Providing military assistance
and support to other states.
Support the state and local au-
thorities in case of civil emer-
gencies by:
9
 Land Forces

Contributing with forces and

logistic support to disaster relief
operations;
Providing assistance in cases
of chemical, biological, radio-
logical or nuclear accidents.

Missions accomplished:
Contribution to relief operations
in case of natural disasters by:
• Assisting the efforts of local
authorities to limit the effects
of floods in 2005, 2006, and
2008;
• Assisting the local population
by providing drinking water • Self-propelled Air Defence NATO and
and food supplies, rescuing System “GEPARD”, cal. 2 x 35 EU earmarked forces:
isolated persons, evacuation mm; The Land Component Forces
of population and goods in • MLRS system LAR-MK-4, committed to NATO and EU mis-
2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008. LAROM; sions, underwent an extensive

Contribution to missions abroad by:

Participating in NATO, EU and Coalition operations:
In Afghanistan:
– ISAF – International Security Assistance Force:
– OEF – Operation “ENDURING FREEDOM.”
In Iraq:
– OIS – Operation “Iraqi Sunset”;
– NTM I – NATO Training Mission Iraq.
In the Balkans:
– KFOR– NATO-led operation in Kosovo;
– ALTHEA – EU-led operation in Bosnia-Herzegovina;
– EU HELBROC Battle Group, together with forces from Greece, Bulgaria and Cyprus.
In regional initiatives:
– SEEBRIG/MPFSEE – South East European Brigade/Multinational Peace Force South Eastern
Europe;
– Joint Romanian-Hungarian Peacekeeping Battalion.

Major acquisition/ • Armoured Personnel Carrier; operationalisation process be-

upgrading programmes: • Light armoured and non-ar- tween 2005 and 2007. The main
• The Infantry Fighting Vehicle
moured field vehicles; objective of this process was to
MLI-84 “JDERUL”;
• Battalion level Integrated fulfil the commitments assumed
• The Romanian Tank TR-85
Communication and Informa- within NATO. The Land Forces
M1 “BIZONUL”;
tion System; units already affirmed by NATO
• Towed Air Defence System
• Medical Capabilities ROL 2. commands are:
“VIFORUL”, cal. 2x35 mm;

10
Land Forces

• Infantry Mechanised Brigade

(High Readiness Force);
• Mountain Troop Brigade
(Low Readiness Force);
• LAROM Battalion;
• Special Operations Command
(including one special opera-
tions company);
• CIMIC Company and ten
CIMIC professionals;
• Transportation Battalion Com-
mand (including one trans-
port company);
• NBC Decontamination Com-
pany;
• Military Police Company;
• Electronic Warfare Company;
• Psychological operations ele-
ment, brigade level.

LAND FORCES STAFF

COMMAND GROUP INFANTRY DIVISION

TRAINING AND
DOCTRINE OTHER STRUCTURES

RESOURCES

LAND OPERATIONAL
COMPONENT

11
 Air Force
Goals:
The Romanian Air Force (AF)
is an important element of na-
tional defence, and an effective
tool in providing security. As
part of the Armed Forces, the AF
ensures security of Romania and
its inhabitants, while projecting
abroad Romania’s interests re-
lated to peace and security.
12
The AF goal is to generate,
use and sustain Air Power in
combat operations, carried out
at home and abroad, in coope-
ration with the Allies or coalition
partners. The AF is designed to
defend the Romanian sover-
eignty during peacetime. Con-
currently, the AF controls the
strategically relevant Air Space
during a crisis or armed conflict
situations. Another goal of the
AF is to diminish the aggressor’s
military potential and improve
effectiveness of the other forces
within the national defence sys-
tem, during crisis management
and military operations.
Missions:
At peace:
• Ensure Romanian national
sovereignty and integrity of
national Air Space;
• Increase potential and pro-
vide operational capability of
the Romanian Armed Forces
in the Air Space;
• Air Police missions (NATI-
NADS);
• Integrate into Euro-Atlantic
structures;
• Participate in prevention and
limitation of new risks and
threats, and provide relief
after disasters, during contin-
gency situations.
At times of crisis: the AF car-
ries out the same missions
stated above, with increased ca-
pabilities.
At war: missions are in accor-
dance with Romania’s status as
a NATO and EU member. For in-
stance, the defence of the na-
tional Air Space is carried out
within NATINADS with limited
transfer of authority to NATO
Air Defence commanders. The
AF acts in the full spectrum of
NATO operations with NATO-
declared forces.
The Air Force:
• Maintains control of the na-
tional Air Space;
• Decreases aggressor’s mili-
tary and economic potential;
• Augments operational capa-
bility of the other military
branches or elements of the
National Defence System.
Air Force

Mission accomplished: Forces assigned to NATO

• Disaster relief (e. g., in the aftermath of the 2005 and 2006 and EU: fighters, transport air-
floods, the AF built an effective air bridge to the eastern part of crafts, transport and specialised
helicopters, force protection
the country);
units.
• Air lift at home and abroad (e. g., the AF ensures rotation of na-
tional contingents for Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq);
• Operation EUFOR Althea (Banja Luka) with two helicopter de-
tachments in 2005;
• Lead Nation in KAIA in 2006;
• The 13th Rotation (Aug – Oct 07) of the Interim Solution for Air
Policing in the Baltic States;
• The Air Security Operation during NATO Summit held in
Bucharest in April 2008.

AIR FORCE STAFF

SPECIAL STAFF AF Base

TRAINING AND
DOCTRINE Airlift Base

RESOURCES SAM Brigade

EWB Unit
AIR OPERATIONAL
COMPONENT
Other Structures

13
 Naval Forces

Goals:
Promote and defend Roman-
ian interests and sovereign
rights at sea and on rivers inde-
pendently or in close coopera-
tion with other national or
actions; evacuation of Ro- cation at sea and on rivers;
multinational forces within the
framework of NATO and re- manian citizens from danger- repelling a naval aggression;
gional commitments. ous areas; hydrographical • Promote regional and global
and navigational research; stability; participation in Cri-
Missions: • Defence of national territory sis Response, Peace Support
• Peacetime contribution to na-
and Romania’s allies: partici- and Humanitarian Assistance
tional security: Naval surveil-
lance and early warning; pation in NATO Collective Ops; participation in regional
participation in the fight Defence Operations; protec- initiatives; implementation of
against terrorism and illegal tion of the lines of communi- CSBMs;

14
Naval Forces

• Assist state institutions and local authorities in Forces assigned to NATO:

case of civil emergencies: Disaster Relief Sup- • HRF: 1 Frigate, 2006
port; Search and Rescue. • FLR: 1 Frigate, 2006; MCM capability for port
clearance; 1 EOD Divers Team, 2008; SOF Mari-
Modernization and acquisition time Task Unit, 2008
programs:
• Frigates Type – T 22; Mission accomplished:
• Minesweepers; • Operation ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR
• Multifunctional Corvettes; • NRF/EOD
• Integrated Naval CIS; • BLACKSEAFOR
• Hydrological and Meteorological Information • PEACE SUPPORT OPERATION (KOSOVO
Systems; ROFND)
• Maritime Surveillance System/ Black Sea Coast

NAVAL FORCES STAFF

FLEET COMMAND NAVAL LOGISTICS

BASE

FRIGATE FLOTILLA MARITIME HYDROGRAPHYC

DIRECTORATE
MSM SQUADRON
DIVERS CENTER
CORVETTES SQUADRON
MARITIME
RIVERINE COMPONENT SURVEILLANCE CENTER

NAVAL INFANTRY
NAVAL MISSILE
BATTALION
SQUADRON
COMPUTER CENTER
SIGNAL BATTALION

HELICOPTERS GROUP TRAINING, EVALUATION

AND SIMULATION
CENTER

SUPPORT BATTALION

OTHER STRUCTURES

15
16
17
 Romanian Troops in Afghanistan
omania has been participating with staff per-
R sonnel, military police forces and one C-130
aircraft, since the beginning of operations in
Afghanistan. After July 2002, an Infantry battalion
(about 400 troops) was deployed in the theatre.
Romanian participation involves different mili-
tary branches, such as: medical, information / in-
telligence, military police, air traffic, and combat
forces.
18
Participation included the two large operations
conducted in the area: ISAF (International Secu-
rity Assistance Force) and OEF (Operation “EN-
DURING FREEDOM”.)
In July 2002, the 36th Infantry Battalion “RED
SCORPIONS” was the first Romanian Infantry Bat-
talion deployed in the theatre – Kandahar Airfield,
(about 400 troops). It was the first Romanian mi-
litary detachment involved in war operations,
since World War II.
Romania has also participated in the ANA
TRAINING process with Mobile Training Teams
since May 2003. In August 2004 we increased our
participation with an Embedded Training Team –
ETT and Maintenance Team.
The missions assigned to
Romanian troops cover:
• Patrolling, recce, and data gathering;
• Convoy and personnel escort;
• Guarding and defending facilities;
• Providing medical assistance;
• CIMIC support;
• Training Afghan forces;
• Securing Highway 1 in Zabul province
(present mission);
• Disrupt insurgent operations and LOC’s.
 Romanian Troops in Afghanistan

Our teams have contributed to the training
process of the Mechanized, Tanks and Logistic
Battalion of the 3rd Quick Reaction Bde & Central
Army Corp, training of drivers for combat vehi-
cles, maintenance of military vehicles and equip-
ment and to the translation of different training
manuals.
• January-July 2007 – the 812th Inf Bn, about 500
troops – TF ZABUL
• July-December 2007 – the 33rd Mountain Inf Bn,
about 500 troops – TF ZABUL
• January-July 2008 – the 300th Inf Bn, about 500
troops – TF ZABUL

Romanian Army rotated two Infantry Batta- • July-December 2008 – the 30th Mountain Inf Bn,
lions per year in the theatre of operations in about 500 troops – TF ZABUL
Afghanistan, as follows: • January-July 2009 – the 21st Mountain Troops
• January-July 2003 – the 812th Inf Bn, about 400 Bn, about 741 troops – TF ZABUL.
troops – Kandahar Airfield. • Starting July 2009 – the 280th Inf Bn, about 900
• July-December 2003 – the 151st Inf Bn, about troops – TF ZABUL.
400 troops – Kandahar Airfield
• January-July 2004 – the 280th Inf Bn, about 400
troops – Kandahar Airfield
• July-December 2004 –the 281st Inf Bn, about
400 troops – Kandahar Airfield
• January-July 2005 – the 300th Inf Bn, about 400
troops – Kandahar Airfield
• July-December 2005 – the 151st Inf Bn, about
400 troops – Kandahar Airfield
• January-July 2006 – the 341st Inf Bn, about 400
troops – Kandahar Airfield
• July-December 2006 – the 2nd Inf Bn, about 500
troops – TF ZABUL

19
 Romanian Troops in Afghanistan
Since October 2006, when NATO – ISAF took
command of the military forces from the Eastern
Afghanistan, more than 3,000 Romanian troops
operated within ISAF.
Romanian troops, alongside other NATO Allies,
are a key component of the international com-
munity’s engagement in Afghanistan assisting the
Afghan authorities in providing security and sta-
20
bility paving the way for reconstruction and ef-
fective governance.
On SACEUR request, between August and No-
vember 2005, Romania activated the Strategic Re-
serve consisting of an Infantry battalion for the
security of the election process in Afghanistan in
2005.
 Romanian Troops in Afghanistan
Between April and August 2006 Romania was
the Lead Nation in command of Kabul Interna-
tional Airport (KAIA).
The total number of Romanian troops engaged
in operations in Afghanistan in chronological
order is as follows:
• 2003 – 876 troops, consisting of Military Police,
Mobile Observation Team, Medical Team, one
Aircraft C-130 operating from Otopeni airport,
one Infantry Battalion, ANA Training Detach-
ment, and staff personnel;
• 2004 –1073 troops, consisting of Military Po-
lice, Mobile Observation Team, Medical Team,
one Aircraft C-130 operating from Otopeni air-
port, one Infantry Battalion, ANA Training De-
tachment, and staff personnel;
• 2005 – 1020 troops, consisting of one Infantry
Battalion assigned as SACEUR’s SRF – for en-
hancing security during the elections in Kabul,
one Military Police Platoon, one Mobile Obser-
vation Team, one Medical Team, one Aircraft
C-130 operating from Otopeni airport, one In-
fantry Battalion, ANA Training Detachment,
and staff personnel;
• 2006 – 980 troops, consisting of one Military
Police Platoon, one Mobile Observation Team,
Medical Team, one Aircraft C-130 operating
from Otopeni airport, one Infantry Battalion,
one Infantry Coy Kandahar AF, one ANA Trai-
ning Detachment, and staff personnel; be-
tween January-July 2006, as part of SEEBRIG
HQ we participated with 1 HQ Coy, 1 Signal
Coy and staff officers in KMNB HQ;
• 2007 – 1080 troops: consisting of one Military
Police Platoon, one Mobile Observation Team,
one Medical Team, one Aircraft C-130 opera-
ting from Otopeni airport, one Infantry Batta-
lion, one Infantry Coy Kandahar AF, one ANA
Training Detachment, one SOF group and staff
personnel;
• 2008 – 822 troops (per rotation): one Infantry
Battalion, one ANA Training Detachment, 1
SOF Group, and staff personnel.
At present there are approximately 950 Ro-
manian troops deployed in Afghanistan, about
890 in ISAF mission and approximately 60 in Ope-
ration “ENDURING FREEDOM.”
21
 Romanian Troops in Iraq

omania’s participation in the

R international efforts meant

to bring stabilization to Iraq
was both within the Multinational
Force (MNF-I) and NATO Training
Mission (NTM-I.)
Romania deployed its first ope-
rational forces in Operation
„IRAQI FREEDOM” in July 2003.
The main contingent consisted in
an Infantry Battalion, staff and lia-
ison personnel, Intelligence offi-
cers, an Engineer and a Military
Police Detachment. There were
about 840 military personnel in-
volved in the initial stage.
Romanian staff officers also
carried out training missions in
Baghdad under NTM-I, missions
meant to implement NATO’s de-
cision taken at the Istanbul Sum-
mit, in support of Iraqi Security
Force. Another element within
NTM-I program is conducting a
training course for Iraqi officers in
Brasov/Romania, at the NATO PfP
Regional Training Centre.
The Romanian contribution to
bring stabilisation in Iraq in-
cluded Engineer Detachments,
Military Police, Infantry
troops, Medical teams, intelli-
gence personnel.
Romania is the only country of
the Coalition who has contributed
with specialized medical teams in
three US military hospitals (Abu
Ghraib, Camp Cropper and Camp
Bucca) from November 2004.
Since then, nine medical deta-
chments have been rotated in
theatre, each of them consiting in
20 medical officers and NCOs.
Following the UN request, a
Romanian Infantry company was
deployed to Basra in order to en-
sure the security of the UN per-
sonnel in the region, from 2005
to 2007.
Starting with December 31,
2008, Romanian troops have been
taking part in Operation “IRAQI
SUNSET”, based on a bilateral
agreement between the Roman-
ian and Iraqi governments that al-
lowed Romanian troops to conduct
training and humanitarian mis-
sions in Iraq until July 2009. This
operation concluded Romania’s
six-year participation in Iraq.

22
 Romanian Troops in Kosovo

omania has contributed to

R the International Peace Force

Command structures since
2001 with a traffic control platoon
– consisting of 25 soldiers – de-
ployed to Djeneral Jankovic re-
gion, under Greek contingent
command.
The main missions of this pla-
toon included: the traffic control
and security on roads for the KFOR
convoys in the Northern part of
Djeneral Jancovic region, opera-
ting traffic check-points and mo-
bile patrols, feed information
regarding the road and traffic con-
ditions to the KFOR Transporta-
tion Coordination Joint Centre,
provide guard and protection for
Djeneral Jancovic camp. The troops
were rotated every six months until July 2003 • Checking the enforcement of the Peace Agree-
when the mission ended. ment stipulations;

The Romanian soldiers carried out a wide range of missions as: the permanent control of their area
of responsibility (by pedestrian and vehicle patrolling, both by day and by night), the enforcement
of the Peace Agreement stipulations, the detection and seizure of illegal armament, providing a
rapid reaction squad for intervention, convoy and VIP escorts inside and outside the area of re-
sponsibility, contribution to anti-smuggling campaign “BLACK CARGO”, specific missions to pre-
vent the smugglers’ intrusion in Kosovo by joint air-land operations, with the air helicopter support
along the province border, joint actions with the United Nations Missions Police Force in Kosovo
(UNMIK POL).

• The guard and defence of the military camp,

The same year, 2003, an Infantry Company –
consisting of 89 soldiers and the correspondent
military equipment – was deployed in Kosovo to
NOTHING HILL Camp, near LEPOSAVIC, and car-
ried out missions under the joint command of the
Belgian-Luxembourg-Ukrainian-Romanian Deta-
chment (KFOR-BELUKRORO).
The troop rotation for this Infantry Company
took place every four months. The mission of this
company ended in 2003.
ROFND consisting of approximately 85 troops
has been carrying out missions since 2002, under
the Italian Detachment Command, Multinational
Tactical Force West (MNTF – W), such as:
of religious sites and people attending their
services;
• Free access and movement on the roads in
their area of responsibility (by patrolling and
check-points);
• Search and collect illegal armament and pro-
hibited materials;
• The civilians’ protection on their return home
within the area of responsibility.
• At present, the Romanian Armed Forces con-
tribute to KFOR mission with approximately
150 troops consisting of Romanian Force Na-
tional Detachment (ROFND), staff personnel,
intelligence personnel and liaison staff.

23
 Contribution to Operation
„Active Endeavour“

The Romanian frigates carried out maritime

patrol missions under the command of the Al-
lied Maritime Component Naples (CC – MAR
Naples).
The missions consisted in:
• Deterring and unsettling the activities sup-
porting terrorism at sea or from the sea;
• The escort of the civil ships crossing the Strait
of Gibraltar – when necessary;
• Support to Mediterranean Dialogue Pro-
gram and other programs for promoting the
development of bilateral and multilateral
relations.

peration “ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR” is the re-

O sponse of the North-Atlantic Treaty Orga-

nization to the terrorist actions that reached
their peak on 9/11 2001. Ships of the Standing
Naval Force Mediterranean (STANAVFORMED)
and Standing NAVAL Force Atlantic (STANAFOR-
LANT) started this maritime operation on Octo-
ber 6, 2001, as a NATO contribution to the war
against terrorism. Command Allied Naval Forces
South (COMNAVSOUTH) was assigned to lead
the operation.
The mission of the naval forces initially en-
gaged in this operation was to monitor and deter
all terrorist actions. Ships, submarines and air sup-
port operations of both naval groups maintained,
by rotation, an active presence in the Eastern
Basin of the Mediterranean Sea.

The area of operations expanded after Fe -

bruary 4, 2003, and the area of responsibility of
the contributing naval forces included the escort
of civil ships belonging to NATO countries when
crossing the Straits of Gibraltar.
Romania contributed three times to this opera-
tion with type 22 frigates, as follows: Frigate
“King Ferdinand” (October 15 - December 15, 2005;
October 15 - November 15, 2008), and frigate
“Regina Maria” (September 15 - November 30,
2006; October 15 - November 15, 2007) in the
Central and East Mediterranean.

24
 Engaging in EU Missions
ince 2004, Romania has con-
S tributed with staff and
equipment to EUFOR mis-
sion in Bosnia and Herzegovina
with one Engineer Detachment
(45 troops) deployed to Butmir
Camp, in the framework of the
Integrated Police Unit (IPU),
under Italian operational com-
mand, and staff officers.
Additionally, Romania partici-
pated in mission “ALTHEA” in
the framework of EUFOR, start-
ing with January 5, 2005, with
four helicopters IAR-330 Puma-
SOCAT and the corresponding
air crews for the missions in the
theatre of operations in Bosnia
and Herzegovina and an aircraft
AN-26 (24) for airlift, available to
EUFOR Command, able to take
off “on call” from the Airport
“Henri Coanda-Otopeni”.
Romania played a constant
role during the EU-led opera-
tions, both in military and civi l-
ian actions. In this respect,
Romania contributed with three
troops on rotation basis, to the
EU-led operation CONCORDIA in
the Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia (FYROM).
The missions carried out by
the Romanian troops during this
operation included: search for
mines and mine lifting; recon-
naissance and detailed search of
the areas wherein the friendly
troops or other forces contribut-
ing to EUFOR carried out mis-
sions; construction, repair and
maintenance of roads and
bridges; interventions to unblock
the routes from Bosnia and
Herzegovina in case of heavy
snow or natural calamities; con-
tribution to combat groups in co-
operation with EUFOR troops to
fight against public disorder;
personnel, materiel and ammu-
nition transportation and evacu-
ation of the damaged military
equipment.
Romania participates in the
EUFOR Mission to the Repub-
lic of Chad and the Central
Africa Republic with two staff
officers. Since September
2008, when the EU Mission in
Georgia (EUMM) was laun-
ched, Romania contributed
with seven officers and three
APCs deployed the in most
sensitive areas.
25
Romanian Military in UN Missions
• MONUC – United Nations Mission in Demo-
cratic Republic of Congo (since October 23,
1999). 36 nations under United Nations Man-
date contribute to this mission. 22 Romanian
military observers participate in this mission.
26
• UNOCI – United Nations’ Mission to Ivory Coast
(since June 16, 2003). Seven Romanian military
observers are assigned to this mission.
• UNMIL – United Nations’ Mission to Liberia
(since December 10, 2003). Two Romanian mil-
itary observers are assigned to this mission.
• UNOMIG – United Nations’ Mission to Georgia,
since 2003. Two Romanian military observers
are assigned to this mission.
• UNMIK – United Nations Temporary Mission for
the Administration of Kosovo province (since
September 10, 1999). The mission is conducted
under the United Nations’ Mandate. Two Ro-
manian liaison officers are assigned to this mis-
sion.
• UNAMA – United Nations’ Mission to Afgha-
nistan (since July 25, 2003). One Romanian mili-
tary observer is assigned to this mission.
• UNMIN – United Nations’ Mission to Nepal since
2007. Five Romanian military observers are as-
signed to this mission.
• UNMIS – United Nations’ Mission to Sudan,
since 2005. 12 Romanian military observers are
assigned to this mission.
With its 56 military observes, Romania was
ranked 67 out of 118 contributing nations on May
31, 2009.
 Military education — marks of the reform

The main objectives of the reorganization of the Romanian military education sys-
tem are:
• redefining the missions of the military education institutions regarding the compatibility
with similar institutions in NATO member countries;
• implementing the quality management in the military education institutions;
• redefining the “model of the graduate”;
• focusing the educational process on the development of leadership skills;
• developing foreign language training programmes;
• developing the international cooperation programmes and participating in European ini-
tiatives such as “Erasmus” Program.

he deep transformation of the profound reform of our mil- In the years that have passed

T the European and national

education, together with
the standards imposed by the
complexity of the process of the
Romanian Armed Forces reor-
ganization and our intention to
become equal partners with the
other NATO member countries,
determine the continuation of
itary education system.
International cooperation in
the military education and train-
ing is one of the most important
tools that help developing what
is nowadays called „intellectual
interoperability” between Ro-
manian Armed Forces, Allies and
Partner Armed Forces.
since Romania has become a
NATO and EU member, the Min-
istry of National Defence has
been focusing its efforts on con-
tinuing and developing the bi-
lateral relationships with the
Euro Atlantic nations especially
with our strategic partner – the

27
 Military education — marks of the reform

USA through IMET (International Military Educa-

tion and Training) and Regional Counterterrorism
Fellowship Program in order to reach a higher
level of compatibility between our forces that act
together on the international military scene,
whether we speak about theatres of operations or
NATO and EU structures.
On the other hand, an important number of
steps were taken towards an increased and more
coherent assistance in the military education and
training field for the countries that express their
the willingness to join NATO and EU or supports
the actions of two organization.
The number of students that graduated from
the courses run by Romanian military education
and training facilities has been consistently in-
creasing during the last four years. They come
from countries as Moldova, Georgia, Azerbaijan,
Albania, Serbia, Croatia, Jordan and others.

28
 Housing for military employees

olving the housing problems is essential for

S the military employees, as are income level

and healthcare. Three different solutions
have been identified in order to settle this matter:
Changing destination of closed military bases,
by building rehabilitation and their transforma-
tion into blocks of flats of temporary use;
Concluding public partnerships with local au-
thorities in order to build residential parks out of
former military bases; a quota of these housing
facilities would be allotted to the Ministry of Na-
tional Defence for the use of its employees;
Building private homes on military bases on
one’s own expense.
Such projects had already been developed in
Bucharest in Baneasa-Straulesti area with a se-
cond similar project in Bucharest and in other
twelve garrisons.

29
 Credibility through transparency

nformation and public rela-

I tions activities have become

a strategic dimension of the
military institution. Informa-
tion is transmitted almost in
real time and the media influ-
ences the national and interna-
tional audiences, often having
an impact on the decision-ma-
king process. An intensified in-
formation and public relations
activity is aimed at maintaining
public trust and support for
the Armed Forces’ actions and
operations.

The principles of the information and public relations activity

in the Romanian Armed Forces are:
• Implementing the stipulations of the Romanian Constitution that grant free public access to
information;
• Public information should be offered in a timely, accurate, complete and indiscriminative
manner;
• Providing a continuous flow of information for the service members, reserved, and retired per-
sonnel, war veterans and families;
• Exempts from the access to information in accordance to law specifications;
• The information and public relation activity strictly follows the principle of political
equidistance;
• Public information policy excludes any kind of propaganda.

30
Services and branches celebrations
in the Romanian Armed Forces
MILITARY SERVICES

LAND FORCES DAY –

April 23, the Orthodox
celebration of
Saint George

AIR FORCE DAY – July 20, the Orthodox

celebration of Saint Ilie Tesviteanul

NAVAL FORCES DAY –

August 15, the Orthodox
celebration of
Saint Mary

31
Services and branches celebrations
in the Romanian Armed Forces
MILITARY BRANCHES
Military Intendancy – February 1
Military Motorists – March 1
Military Justice – April 25
Infantry – April 30
Military Police – May 15
NBC – May 15
Military engineers – May 31
Paratroopers – June 10
Military Aviation – June 17
Military Builders – June 18
Military Bands – July 1
Communications – July 14
Military Press – July 23
Radars – July 25
32
ROMANIAN
ARMED FORCES
OCTOBER 25
Military Archives – July 26
Tanks – August 1
Military Medicine – August 21
Military IT – September 1
Air Defence – September 19
Military Divers – October 1
Human Resources – October 9
Public Affairs – October 30
Mountain Troops – November 3
Artillery – November 10
Military Geodesists – November 12
Reconnaissance Troops – November 12
Railway Troops – November 16
 ROMANIA
Facts & Figures
Official name: Romania
Capital city: Bucharest
Geographic position: in the South-East of Central Europe
Climate: Temperate-Continental, four seasons
Geographical landmarks: the Carpathian mountain range, the Danube River and Delta, and the Black Sea
Population: 21,528,600 (Jan 2008 estimates)
Ethnic structure: Romanians - 89.5%; Hungarians (including Szecklers) - 6.5%; other ethnic groups - 4%.
Religious denominations: Christian Orthodox - 86.7%; Roman-Catholic-4.7%; Protestant - 3.2%; Greek-Catholic -
0.9%, Evangelical - 0.1%; Unitarian - 0.3%; other religions - 0.4% (preliminary data, March 2003)

The Romanian State:

As stipulated in the Constitution, Romania is a sovereign and independent, unitary and indivisible national
state; Form of government: Republic. The state is organized according to the principle of separation and
balance of the powers the Legislative, the Executive and the Judiciary, in the framework of constitutional
democracy, guaranteed by political pluralism.
The President of Romania represents the Romanian state and guarantees the national independence, unity and
territorial integrity of the country (five year term). The Legislative power: The Parliament of Romania, (471
members in the 2008-2012 legislature), divided into two chambers: the Senate of Romania (137 members) and
the Chamber of Deputies (334 members). The Executive power: the Government of Romania, headed by the
Prime Minister, assigned by the President of Romania with forming the Cabinet and with a Governance Program
endorsed by Parliament through a vote of confidence. Judiciary: independence guaranteed by the Superior
Council of the Magistracy; judges are irremovable.
Romania is a member of the UN, of NATO, and of the EU.

NATIONAL MILITARY CIRCLE PALACE

www.mapn.gov.ro