PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN (Kertas 2)

Num. Scoring Criteria Marks

1(a)(i) Able to name the cell

Answer: Animal cell 1 1

1(a)(ii) Able to state the reason of the answer in (a)(i)

Answer:
Has no cell wall // has no vacuole // has no chloroplast // has 1 1
centrioles
1(a)(iii) Able to label structure Q, R and S

Answer:
Q: mitochondria 1
R: Golgi apparatus 1
S: Rough ER 1 3

1(b)(i) Able to state the function of organelle contain structure P

Answer:
Control all cell activities // contain genetic materials 1 1

1(b)(ii) Able to state the component of structure P

Answer: DNA 1 1

1(b)(iii) Able to name the parts labeled X, Y and Z

Answer:
X: phosphate group 1
Y: Pentose sugar 1
Z: Nitrogenous base 1 3

1(c)(i) Able to name cell T

Answer: Mesophyll palisade cell 1 1

1(c)(ii) Able to state why cell T has a large number of organelle R

Answer:
Process and modify protein into enzyme (to carry out photosynthesis) 1 1

1
 TOTAL 12

NUM SCORING CRITERIA MARKS

2(a)(i) Able to state the condition of the red blood cells after
being immersed in

Solution P: Crenation / shrink / shrivel 1

Solution Q:Haemolysis / swell and burst 1 2
2(a)(ii) Able to name the type of solution R in which the red
blood cells are immersed.

Solution R is Isotonic solution. 1 1

2(a)(iii) Able to explain the answers given in a(ii)

P1:The cell retains its normal shape. 1

P2:The water diffuses in and out of the cells at
equal rate by osmosis 1
P3:Solution R has the same osmotic
concentration as the cytoplasmic fluid in the 1 3
red blood cells
2(b) Able to explain why vinegar is suitable to be used as
the natural preservative for the preservation of
garlic.
1
F1: Vinegar has a low pH/acidic 1
E1: Vinegar diffuses into the tissues of the 1
garlic
E2: The tissues of the garlic becomes acidic 1
E3: The low pH prevents the growth of 1 3
microorganisms in garlics
E4: The garlic can be preserved to last longer

F any 2E
2(c) Able to explain the condition of the plant in Diagram
2.2 after one week .

F: The plant wilt 1

E1: The cells become flaccid/plasmolysed//both
the vacuole the vacuole and cytoplasm
shrink//the plasma membrane of the root 1
cells pull away from the cell wall.
E2:Water molecules diffuse out from the cell 1
sap of the root hair cell by osmosis

2
 E3:(the remaining) soil water becomes 1 3
hypertonic to the cell sap of the root hair cell
as the soil dries out.
F any 2E

TOTAL 12

Num SCORING CRITERIA MARK

3(a) Able to state number of chromosomes in the cell

Answer: 6 chromosomes 1 1m
3(b) Able to draw one daughter cell of mitosis and meiosis

Answer:
(i) mitosis
Number of chromosomes are 6 1
Same pattern and same size of chromosomes as parent cell 1 2m

(ii) meiosis
Number of chromosomes are 3 1
Pattern and size of chromosomes is different compare to parent cell 1 2m
3(c) Able to explain why the chromosomes numbers are different

Suggested Answer:
In mitosis:
- (During anaphase) chromosome / sister chromatids separated and 1
move to the opposite poles (cause the number of chromosome in
daughter cell remain the same)
In meiosis:
- (During anaphase I) homologous chromosomes separated and move 1 2m
to the oppoeite poles (cause the number of chromosome in daughter
cell become half form the parent cell)
3(d) Able to explain one difference of importance of mitosis and meiosis

Suggested Answer:
F1: Mitosis produce no variation, while meiosis produce variation 1
P1: caused by crossing over during Prophase I in meiosis 1 2m

3(e) Able to explain why buffalo is white colour

Answer:
P1: albino buffaloes caused by gene mutation which control the 1
production of skin pigmentation
P2: in autosomes 1
P2: controlled by recessive alleles 1

3
 P3: skin cells unable to synthesis (melanin) pigment // no (melanin) 1 3m
pigment

Any 3

Total 12

Num Mark Scheme Mark

4(a)
Boleh menamakan struktur X, Y dan Z :
1
X: Substrat
1 2
Y: Enzim

Z: Komleks Enzyme-substract

Struktur Y

4(b) Boleh menyenaraikan tiga ciri-ciri enzim :

Enzim adalah spesifik // tindak balas enzim mengikut
hipotesis mangga dan kunci.

Enzim tidak dimusnahkan selepas tindakbalas / boleh 1

diguna semula / kekal tidak berubah selepas tindak 1
balas.
1
Enzim mempunyai tapak aktif yang spesifik untuk 1 Max
substratnya. 3
Enzim menghidrolisis substrat untuk membentuk hasil-
hasil.
4 (c) Boleh menerangkan mengapa enzim bersifat khusus :
Enzim mempunyai tapak yangs pesifik dipanggil tapak
aktif.
Tapak aktif mempunyai bentuk yang tepat. 1
1 2
Bentuk substrat mesti sepadan dengan enzim jika
tindak balas hendak berlaku // saling
berpelengkapan dengan substrat.
4 (d) Boleh memberikan satu contoh enzim biologi
Protease / lipase / amylase
untuk memecahkan / melarut / menghidrolisis kesan
1
protein / kesan lemak / kesan kanji.

4
 1
Max
1 2

4( e ) Able to explain what happened if the tissue R torn

Suggested answer :
F: the forearm cannot bend / straightens 1
P1: when the muscle X or Y contract 1
P2: the pulling force (produced by contraction of muscle) is not 1 3
transmit to the radius / ulna

Jumlah 12

Num Mark Scheme Mark

5(a)(i)
1 1

5(a)(ii)

1
1
1

1
Max
1 3
5(b)(i)

1 1

5(b)
(ii)

5
 1
1
1 Max
1 3

5(c)(i)

2
1
0 2

5(c)(ii)
Suggested answer:
P1: all glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed into blood capillary
P2: at proximal convoluted tubules 1
1 2

Total 12

NUM. MARK SCHEME MARKS

6
7
Able to explain the process shown in Diagram 6.1
Sample answer :
P1 : the process is diffusion.
P2 : molecule of sugar move randomly
P3 : against concentration gradient // from higher concentration region towardsMax
lower
4
concentration region.
P4 : concentration of sugar is higher at the bottom of the beaker
P5 : (diffusion process continues until) the sugar molecule are evenly dispersed
P6 : reach a dynamic equilibrium (at the end of the experiment.)
Any four
Able to explain the similarities and differences between the Max 2
movement of molecule across plasma membrane in type 1 and
type 2.
Sample answer :
Similarities
S1 : Both need protein
E1 : Both transport specific molecules only
E2 : Both processes occur in living cell
Any two

8
 Able to explain what happens to the cell in each
diagram.
Sample answer :
(in Diagram 6.3)
F : cell under normal condition / protoplasm in
normal shape
P1 : solution is isotonic to the (plant) cell (sap)
P2 : there is a balanced diffusion of water molecules
in and out // water molecules entering the cell is
equivalent to water molecule leaving the cell
P3 : by osmosis
Any three

( in solution Y)
F : Cell plasmolyses / undergoes plasmolysis // becomes flaccid
P1 : because solution Y is hypertonic to (sap) cell
P2 : water molecule diffuse out from the cell

P3 : by osmosis
P4: cytoplasm shrinks // cell membrane moves away from the cell wall.

9
Any four

( in solution X)
F : cell become turgid
P1 : solution Y is hypotonic to the (sap) cell
P2 : water molecule diffuse into plant cell
P3 : by osmosis.
Any three

Able to name and identify lipid.

Sample answers:

Lipid which is Q

Explanation:

E: The shape of Q/ Lipid compliments the active site of Lipase.

Able to explain the characteristics of lipase.

Sample of answers:

E1: Lipase has specific active site which compliments the shape of lipid.

E2: The shape of lipase remains unchanged at the end of the reaction.

E3: each lipase enzyme catalyses one reaction at a time.

Able to explain:

1- rate of enzyme reaction at range P-Q

2- rate of enzyme reaction at range R-S

Able to suggest how to increase the rate of enzyme reaction and

justify the suggestion

Sample of answers:

10
P-Q

E1: As the substrate concentration increases, the rate of enzyme

reaction also increases.

E2: more molecules of substrate are added means more chances of

collision with the enzyme molecules.

R-S

E3: As the substrate concentration increases, the rate of enzyme

reaction remains constant/ the same.

E4: rate of enzyme reaction has reached maximum.

E5: no more active sites of enzymes are available to bind with the
substrate.

E6: concentration of enzyme has now becoming the limiting factor.

Suggestion temperature:

P: 60oC / (anything beyond 60) // 20 oC

Q: 37 oC / 40 oC

Justification:

P: E1- At higher temperatures, lipase/ enzyme is denatured // At lower

temperatures the kinetic energy of enzyme and substrate
molecules drops.

E2 - The active sites of lipase are altered // rate of collision between

enzyme and substrate molecules decreases.

E3 - Lipid will no longer be able to fit into lipase/ the active site // less
lipase-lipid complex are formed.

E4 - the formation of lipase-lipid complex will be halted.

E5 - rate of hydrolysis of lipid decreases.

E6 - the removal of stain is ineffective // the washing becomes

unclean.

Q: E7 - 37 oC is the optimum temperature for enzyme action.

E8 - lipase-lipid complex are maximally formed.

11
 E9 - rate of hydrolysis of lipid is maximum.

7(a)(i) Able to name the organs that are involved in the

processing of food P correctly.

Answer:

Mouth / Oral cavity 1

Duodenum 1 3
Ileum / Small intestine 1

6(a) Able to explain the processes which occur to the food P

(ii) until it can be used by body cells.

Sample answer:

P1 Food P rich in starch 1

P2 (In oral cavity) saliva contains enzyme salivary 1
amylase
P3 To hydrolysis starch to maltose //
Salivary amylase
1
Starch + (Water) Maltose
1
P4 Duodenum receive pancreatic amylase from pancreas
P6 Pancreatic amylase completes the digestion of starch 1
to maltose //
Pancreatic amylase
Starch + (Water ) Maltose 1

P7 (In ileum) intestinal juice contains maltase (erepsin, 1

sucrase, lactase)
P8 (Maltase) hydrolysis maltose to glucose //
Maltase 1
Maltose + Water Glucose
1
P9 Glucose diffuse into the epithelial cells and absorbed

12
 into the capillaries (villus) 1
P10 Capillaries drain glucose into hepatic portal vein, 1 Max
which leads to the liver 1 7
P11 Glucose is distributed throughout the body by the
circulatory system
P12 (When the glucose molecules reach the cells) glucose
are oxidised to release energy (during cellular
respiration)

6(b) Able to explain the role of organ R in assimilation of

nutrients in foods P.

Answer:
1
F (At the end of the digestive process) Food P are
hydrolysed / digested into glucose (at ileum) 1
P1 Excess glucose is converted into glycogen 1
P2 stored in the liver 1
P3 (When the blood sugar level falls) the stored glycogen
is converted back to glucose 1 5
P4 (When the glycogen stored in the liver is full) excess
glucose is converted into lipid (by liver)
6(c) Able to explain how the gastric bypass surgery can reduce
excessive weight problems

Sample answers:

F: (Due to the stomach becomes too small) the patient has 1

less appetite 1
P1: reduce food intake 1
P2: reducing the absorption of nutrients (from digested 1
food)
P3: causing the system in body takes energy from fat (in 1 Max
the body as a substitute for food that is often taken) 5
P4: leading to weight loss

TOTAL MARKS 20

No Mark Scheme Mark

7(a) Able to explain the development of pollen based on the diagram above.

Suggested answer: 1
E1: pollen mother cell ( diploid) undergo meiosis I 1
E2: 2 cell stage of pollen cell (haploid) is form 1

13
 E3: 2 cell stage undergo meiosis II 1
E4: tetrad stage is form 1 max
E5: after the secretion of cell wall, the pollen is form 1 4
7(b) Able to explain the process of double fertilisation occurs in the plant.

Suggested answer:
E1- The pollen tube grows down the style towards the ovule 1
E2- The sugar solution (sucrose) secreted by the stigma stimulates 1
the pollen grain to germinate and form a pollen tube
E3- The generative nucleus divides by mitosis to form two male 1
gamete nuclei
E4- The male gamete nuclei move down the pollen tube led by the 1
tube nucleus
E5- When the pollen tube reaches the ovary, it penetrates the
ovule through the micropyle 1
E6- The tube nucleus degenerates, leaving a clear passage for the 1
male nuclei to enter the embryo sac
E7- Double fertilization occurs in the ovule. One male nucleus fuses 1 Max
with the egg nucleus to form a diploid zygote(2n) 1 6
E8- The other male nucleus fuses with the two polar nuclei to form a
triploid nucleus(3n)

7(c) Able to explain the process of secondary growth in plant

Suggested answer:

F1:Vascular cambium divides actively radially 1

E1:forming cambium ring/ intervascular cambium 1
F2:Cambium cells divides tangently, 1
E2:cell in the outside differentiate to form secondary 1
phloem 1
E3:while the inner cell differentiate to form secondary xylem 1
E4:primary xylem pushed towards the pith 1
E5:and primary phloem pushed towards the epidermis 1
E6:the walls of secondary xylem will be thickened with lignin 1
E7:this give tissues mechanical strength to support the plant 1
E8:the tissues outside become increasingly compressed 1
E9:the circumference/ diameter increased caused the epidermis to be
stretched
E10:the ruptured epidermis will be replaced by cork as a result of the 1
activity of cork cambium
F3:cork cambium divides tangently 1 max
E11:form secondary cortex/inner cell and cork/ outer cell 1 6

7(d) Able to explain the important of secondary growth in plant.

14
 1
Suggested answer:
P1: Increase the diameters of the plant stems and roots for additional 1
mechanical support
P2: Produces secondary xylem called wood to support and strengthen the 1
growing plant
P3: Produces more secondary phloem and secondary xylem to 1
accommodate the increase in demand for water, mineral and organic
nutrient 1
P4: produced new phloem and xylem tissues to replace old and damaged
ones
P5: Produces a thick and tough bark which reduces evaporation of water 1
from the surface of stem, also protects the plant against of insect and
parasite fungi 1 Max
P6: Increase the opportunities to produce seeds and propagate as plant 4
that undergo secondary growth live longer
P7: produce large quantities of fruit for local consumption and export
TOTAL 20

15