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Servicio de Neumologa. 1Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. 2Hospital Universitario del Henares. 3Hospital de Torrejn. Madrid.
Resumen
Los anticolinrgicos (AC) son escasamente utilizados en el asma a diferencia de lo que ocurre en la enfermedad pulmonar
obstructiva crnica (EPOC) en la que est muy extendido su uso. Las directrices para el manejo del asma recomiendan el uso
de AC nicamente durante las exacerbaciones, ya que los beneficios del uso de estos frmacos en la fase estable del asma an
no se han establecido. Estudios recientes han sugerido la implicacin del sistema colinrgico en la fisiopatologa y la patogenia
del asma, al demostrar la capacidad de las clulas epiteliales bronquiales e inflamatorias para sintetizar y liberar acetilcolina
(ACh) y para expresar receptores muscarnicos. La implicacin de estos receptores en la modulacin de determinados me-
canismos inflamatorios en el asma y en los cambios estructurales que conducen al remodelado apoya este concepto. Estas
consideraciones sugieren que los AC que actan bloqueando determinados receptores muscarnicos constituiran una alternativa
teraputica en esta enfermedad. En este sentido, una serie de trabajos, recientemente publicados, han demostrado que los
AC podran ser eficaces en el tratamiento del asma estable.
Palabras clave: Anticolinrgicos; Asma; Acetilcolina; Muscarnicos; Agudizacin; Bromuro de ipratropio; Bromuro de tiotropio.
Abstract
Anticholinergic agents are not usually chose for asthma treatment, compared with its widely use in Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease. The asthma guidelines only recommend its use in acute asthma exacerbations, and has not been fully
investigated its role in stable asthma. Recent studies have related the cholinergic system and asthma pathophysiology, as it
has been observed the secretion of acetylcholine and the expression of muscarinic receptors by the airway ephitelium cells and
inflammatory cells. These receptors play a regulatory role in inflammatory mechanisms and airway smooth muscle remodeling.
These findings suggest that anticholinergics are an alternative therapeutic agent and probably are useful in stable asthma as
adjuncts to other bronchodilator therapies.
Key words: Anticholinergics, Asthma; Acetylcoline; Muscarinic; Exacerbation; Ipratropium bromide; Tiotropium bromide.
Correspondencia: Dra. Ins Escribano Gimeno. Servicio de Neumologa. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. 28041 Madrid. E-mail: ines-
escribano@yahoo.es. Recibido: Julio 2012; Aceptado: Noviembre 2012
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