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Version 8.1.2
In this chapter:
Overview ........................................................................................................... xi
Intended Audience ............................................................................................ xii
Document Contents .......................................................................................... xii
Related Publications ........................................................................................ xiv
Document Conventions ................................................................................... xiv
Obtaining Technical Documentation ................................................................ xv
Technical Assistance ....................................................................................... xvi
Overview
The EMS-XDM User Manual provides information required to perform all
major actions that can be performed by the EMS-XDM (XDM Element
Management System) software application, used by telecommunications
service personnel to manage ECI Telecom XDM equipment. It includes
information about creating and managing NEs, card and module configuration,
optical management, creating and managing cross connects, protection,
monitoring, and maintenance.
For application administration, and basic application information, such as how
to log in and how to understand the EMS-XDMGUI, see the EMS-XDM
Getting Started & Administration Guide.
Intended Audience
This guide is for the following users who have rights to use the EMS-XDM
application to remotely manage XDM network elements (NEs):
| Network Management System (NMS) users: For these users, EMS-XDM
is integrated under another management application (such as LightSoft),
from which EMS-XDM functionality is accessed. For NMS users, some of
the steps and activities discussed in this guide may not be relevant and can
be bypassed, as access to the described functionality is provided from the
higher-level management application.
| Element Management System (EMS) users: These users access EMS-
XDM functionality directly from the EMS-XDM application. In this case,
EMS-XDM is not integrated under another higher-level management
application.
Document Contents
This manual contains the following chapters and appendices:
| Chapter 1: Creating and Managing NEs (on page 1-1) discusses how to
create and manage XDM NEs, configure cards and internal XDM objects,
and configure XDM NE timing sources using the EMS-XDM Shelf View
and Card Internals View.
| Chapter 2: Working with NE Cards and Modules (on page 2-1) discusses
how to assign cards to slots, perform topology link discovery, RED curves,
view and modify card information, and configure timing sources.
| Chapter 3: Configuring Common Cards (on page 3-1) discusses how to
configure common cards such as HLXC, XIO, and MECP cards.
| Chapter 4: Configuring Data Cards (on page 4-1) discusses how to
configure data cards, including PIO, PIM, PDB, SIO, SIM, MCS, EIS,
DIO, and ATS cards.
| Chapter 5: Configuring Optical Cards and Modules (on page 5-1)
discusses how to configure optical components.
| Chapter 6: Configuring Specialized Cards and Internal Objects (on
page 6-1) discusses how to configure ASON ACP cards, AURORA-G
encryption cards, and view and configure internal objects.
| Chapter 7: Optical Management (on page 7-1) discusses how to manage
XDM optical sites using the functional node (FuN) utility and Enhanced
Automatic Power Control (Enhanced APC) feature also known as Power
Equalization of Optical Links (PELES).
| Chapter 8: Setting Up Cross Connects (on page 8-1) discusses how to use
the EMS-XDM cross connection (XC) subsystem to cross connect traffic
on XDM equipment.
Related Publications
This manual is part of the EMS-XDM information suite. The suite comprises
the following:
| EMS-XDM Getting Started and Administration Guide: general
information about how to access EMS-XDM, introduction to the GUI main
windows and common functions, and security administration.
| EMS-XDM User Manual: guide to all major and specialist management
functions for the Element Management System, including creating and
managing NEs, configuring cards, creating cross connects, protection,
troubleshooting, monitoring, and maintenance.
| EMS-XDM Supporting Information: Reference and supporting
information for the EMS-XDM User Manual, includes Slot and Module
Assignment limitations, Object attribute values, BIT code values, how to
create XML files, and PM Counter reference information.
The EMS-XDM information suite should also be used in conjunction with the
XDM Installation, Operation, and Maintenance Manual, and the LightSoft User
Manual.
Document Conventions
When applicable, this manual uses the following conventions.
Convention Indicates Example
Bold Names of windows, dialog In the Alarms menu...
boxes, menus, buttons and
most other GUI elements
Menu > Option Selection from a menu, or Select Update > View
leading to another Objects
command
Italics New terms and emphasized Examples in text
text
Borders around text Notes, cautions, and See examples below
warnings
Obtaining Technical
Documentation
To obtain technical documentation related to ECI Telecom products, please
contact:
ECI Telecom Ltd.
Documentation Department
30 Hasivim St.
Petach Tikva 49130
Israel
Fax: +972-3-9268060
Email: techdoc.feedback@ecitele.com
Technical Assistance
The configuration, installation, and operation of the XDM and its operation in a
network are highly specialized processes. Due to the different nature of each
installation, some planning aspects may not be covered in this manual.
If you have questions or concerns about your network design or if you require
installation personnel to perform the actual installation process, ECI Telecom
maintains a staff of design engineers and highly trained field service personnel.
The services of this group are available to customers at any time.
If you are interested in obtaining design assistance or a network installation
plan from ECI Telecom's Customer Support team, contact your ECI Telecom
sales representative. With any support related issues, technical or logistic,
please contact the ECI Telecom Customer Support center at your location. If
you are not familiar with that location, please contact our central customer
support center action line at:
Telephone +972-3-9266000
Telefax +972-3-9266370
Email on.support@ecitele.com
In this chapter:
Overview ......................................................................................................... 1-1
Creating NEs ................................................................................................... 1-2
Uploading NE Data ......................................................................................... 1-4
Viewing and Modifying NE Data .................................................................... 1-5
Propagating Object Attributes ....................................................................... 1-12
Setting NE IP Routing ................................................................................... 1-13
Setting NE Time ............................................................................................ 1-38
Pinging ETY Communications ...................................................................... 1-39
Setting NE Passwords .................................................................................... 1-39
Uploading NE Configuration Data ................................................................ 1-40
Managing NE Inventory ................................................................................ 1-42
Configuring GNE Redundancy ..................................................................... 1-46
Deleting NEs ................................................................................................. 1-49
Overview
This section describes how to use EMS-XDM to configure and manage XDM
NEs via the EMS-XDM Shelf View. The Shelf View is the starting point for
many NE management operations, including:
| Creating NEs (on page 1-2)
| Uploading NE Data (on page 1-4)
| Viewing and Modifying NE Data (on page 1-5)
| Setting NE IP Routing (on page 1-13)
| Setting NE Time (on page 1-38)
Creating NEs
EMS-XDM allows you to add new NEs to the database. You can add one or
multiple NEs concurrently.
Whenever you create an NE, an NE icon appears in the EMS-XDM main
window. You can freely move NE icons to any location in the main window by
dragging and dropping.
| Creating a Single NE (on page 1-2)
| Creating Multiple NEs Using NE Discovery (on page 1-3)
Creating a Single NE
EMS-XDM allows you to create NEs on a one-to-one basis.
Uploading NE Data
Initially, after NE creation, the NE status LED in the main window is gray (that
is, no communication). After a few moments, it turns blue, indicating that NE
data is being uploaded to the EMS-XDM database.
The data is uploaded in the following stages:
| Core upload: data to begin configuration of the NE including alarm and
PM severity profiles. When this data is uploaded to the EMS-XDM
database, the NE LED color changes to indicate the current alarm state.
| NE cross connects: data relevant to the NE's XCs.
| Background upload: slot assignment and payload internals data uploaded
by the operator, as required. When this upload process is in progress,
system operation can be slower than normal, and the system initiates a start
and stop of the background upload, as required.
Viewing NE Status
To view current NE status information:
1. In the Shelf View window, do one of the following:
Select File > NE Info.
OR
In the EMS-XDM main window, select the NE, and select
Configuration > Element > Info.
The Info window opens, displaying the Status tab, where you can view
current NE status parameters.
Field Description
Upload State Specifies whether management is uploading configuration.
(Read only)
NE Install State NE installation state, Enabled or Disabled. (Read only)
LCT Connection State Information regarding LCT-XDM connection to XDMNE.
Options:
| Not Connected: no LCT-XDM connected to NE
| Connected Remote: LCT-XDM connected via
Ethernet
| Connected SLIP: LCT-XDM connected via SLIP
(Serial Line Internet Protocol)
(Read only)
Power Dissipation Power dissipation limit. Options:
Limit | Enabled: Power dissipation values are calculated, and
system does not allow assignment of cards in NE, if
power limit is surpassed.
| Disabled: System does not enforce power limit. (Read
only)
Max Power Maximum power dissipation setting made internally and
Dissipation (watts) cannot be adjusted by user. (Read only)
Total Power Actual power dissipation of sum of power consumption of
Consumption (watts) all cards in NE. (Read only)
Modifying NE Configuration
To view and modify NE configuration parameters:
1. In the NE Info window, click the Configuration tab. The Configuration
tab opens, displaying editable fields in the Attribute New Value column.
2. To edit a text field, click the relevant field to enable it for typing and type
the relevant text.
3. To edit a field marked by a dropdown arrow, click the arrow and choose an
option from the dropdown list. The modified fields and the Configuration
tab label are colored blue, indicating changes have been made. The blue
coloring remains until you apply the changes (see Step 4) or you choose the
original value again.
4. Fill in the fields, as described in the following table.
5. To save the changes click to apply the changes. The changes are
applied and the Configuration tab label and fields revert to the default
coloring.
If you attempt to close the Info window (after making changes, but without
applying the changes), a reminder/confirmation window opens prompting
you to confirm closing the window. Click Yes to confirm.
Field Description
NE Type NE type. (Read only)
MBP Type MBP type. (Read only)
Network Element NE ID determined during NE installation. (Read only)
ID
System Title NE descriptive title determined during NE installation.
System Location User-assigned location name of the NE.
Main IP Address IP address of NE, assigned during installation.
Main Subnet IP address by which subnet can be divided into several subnets,
Mask with few hosts per subnet.
Gateway Address IP address for NE that is a gateway.
Gateway Subnet Determines number of bits used for subnet and host portions of
Mask an address.
TTL DCC DCC Time To Live (TTL) parameter. Determines the number of
(10-255) NEs the DCC packets that can pass through. After passing
through a specific number, DCC packet transmission is
terminated. (Read only; fixed value of 40.)
DCC Subnet DCC subnet address. Default value is 1.
(0-1000)
Field Description
Matrix Code that reflects maximum number of SIO/SIM cards that can
Configuration be assigned to NE shelf. Number of SIO/SIM cards that can be
installed in XDM shelf is limited by license purchased by
customer.
(Read only)
Fault Time Interval of time in milliseconds of an alarm.
450-10K msec
Holdoff Time Amount of time in milliseconds between deciding to switch to
(0-10,000 msec) protection and actually performing switch. Switch is not
performed if need for switch does not persist for entire holdoff
time. Default value is 0. (Read only)
Clear Time Interval of time in milliseconds a fault must be clear to trigger a
10K-60K ms clear alarm for that NE.
SNCP Mode Whether revertive SNCP mode is enabled or disabled.
SNCP WTR (min) Revertive SNCP wait to restore interval.
NE TIM NE TIM alarm detection. Indicates trace identifier mismatch
Detection J0 caused by incorrect provisioning of expected trace or
misconnection. Results from comparing expected J0 byte to
received one.
NE TIM NE TIM alarm detection. Indicates trace identifier mismatch
Detection J1 caused by incorrect provisioning of expected trace or
misconnection. Results from comparing expected J1 byte to
received one.
NE TIM NE TIM alarm detection. Indicates trace identifier mismatch
Detection J2 caused by incorrect provisioning of expected trace or
misconnection. Results from comparing expected J2 byte to
received one.
Comment Comments, entered by XDM user.
LCT-XDM Presets Handshake request status, which determines whether to
Approval grant NE configuration rights to LCT-XDM stations. Options:
| Waiting for Approval: (default) when LCT-XDM station
requests configuration rights and EMS-XDM operator does
not respond to request within predefined time period,
Handshake request is granted. (Default)
| Approved: configuration rights are granted. Approved
value is good for only one LCT-XDM entry, after which it
reverts to default "Waiting for Approval" state.
| Not Approved: configuration rights are rejected.
Field Description
NE Type NE type. (Read only)
MBP Type MBP type. (Read only)
Network Element NE ID determined during NE installation. (Read only)
ID
System Title NE descriptive title determined during NE installation.
System Location User-assigned location name of the NE.
Main IP Address IP address of NE, assigned during installation.
Main Subnet IP address by which subnet can be divided into several subnets,
Mask with few hosts per subnet.
Gateway Address IP address for NE that is a gateway.
Gateway Subnet Determines number of bits used for subnet and host portions of
Mask an address.
TTL DCC DCC Time To Live (TTL) parameter. Determines the number of
(10-255) NEs the DCC packets that can pass through. After passing
through a specific number, DCC packet transmission is
terminated. (Read only; fixed value of 40.)
DCC Subnet DCC subnet address. Default value is 1.
(0-1000)
Matrix Code that reflects maximum number of SIO/SIM cards that can
Configuration be assigned to NE shelf. Number of SIO/SIM cards that can be
installed in XDM shelf is limited by license purchased by
customer.
(Read only)
Fault Time Interval of time in milliseconds of an alarm.
450-10K msec
Holdoff Time Amount of time in milliseconds between deciding to switch to
(0-10,000 msec) protection and actually performing switch. Switch is not
performed if need for switch does not persist for entire holdoff
time. Default value is 0. (Read only)
Clear Time Interval of time in milliseconds a fault must be clear to trigger a
10K-60K ms clear alarm for that NE.
SNCP Mode Whether revertive SNCP mode is enabled or disabled.
SNCP WTR (min) Revertive SNCP wait to restore interval.
NE TIM NE TIM alarm detection. Indicates trace identifier mismatch
Detection J0 caused by incorrect provisioning of expected trace or
misconnection. Results from comparing expected J0 byte to
received one.
NE TIM NE TIM alarm detection. Indicates trace identifier mismatch
Detection J1 caused by incorrect provisioning of expected trace or
misconnection. Results from comparing expected J1 byte to
received one.
Field Description
NE TIM NE TIM alarm detection. Indicates trace identifier mismatch
Detection J2 caused by incorrect provisioning of expected trace or
misconnection. Results from comparing expected J2 byte to
received one.
Comment Comments, entered by XDM user.
LCT-XDM Presets Handshake request status, which determines whether to
Approval grant NE configuration rights to LCT-XDM stations. Options:
| Waiting for Approval: (default) when LCT-XDM station
requests configuration rights and EMS-XDM operator does
not respond to request within predefined time period,
Handshake request is granted. (Default)
| Approved: configuration rights are granted. Approved
value is good for only one LCT-XDM entry, after which it
reverts to default "Waiting for Approval" state.
| Not Approved: configuration rights are rejected.
Propagating NE Info
To propagate NE info:
1. In the Configuration tab of the NE Info window, in the Propagation
column, select the checkboxes adjacent to the relevant NE attributes to be
propagated.
Viewing NE Inventory
To view NE inventory:
1. In the Configuration tab, in the Propagation column, select the
checkboxes adjacent to the relevant NE attributes to be propagated.
2. In the NE Info window, click the Inventory tab to display read-only fields
described in the following table.
Field Description
SW Version Software version number of XDM embedded software.
Vendor Name of manufacturer of XDM.
HW Version Hardware version number of XDM.
Serial Number Serial number of XDM.
User Data Additional data regarding XDM.
Viewing NE Alarms
To view NE alarms:
1. In the Alarms area (top of Info window), view the Total and
Unacknowledged alarms, color coded to reflect alarm severity.
2. To view visible alarms, click the Visible Alarms tab, where you can view
the same alarms that appear in the Current Alarms list.
3. To view invisible alarms, click the Invisible tab, where you can view the
alarms that appear in the Current Alarms list, with the addition of
Invisible alarms (alarms assigned the non-report feature in the alarm
severity profile).
Setting NE IP Routing
This section discusses how to use EMS-XDM to set XDM NE IP routing.
EMS-XDM uses TCP/IP communications to send datagrams (or data packets)
to SDH NEs. The datagrams can be routed over separate LANs.
EMS-XDM supports user-defined IP routing, which defines how datagrams are
routed between LANs. Datagram routing can also be defined using the Set
Route utility (accessed via the CDE).
The NE routing table defines the destination subnets that an NE communicates
with on the IP network. It allows system configurations where an NE is used to
route datagrams to other LAN segments; this type of NE is referred to as a
gateway.
All NEs have a default routing table with the destination (typically EMS-
XDM) and the GNE used to route the datagrams.
IP Address Scheme
Each IP network is assigned a unique network ID. Each host on an IP network
is assigned a unique 32-bit (or 64-bit) hardware independent address.
An IP address looks like 102.54.94.97. This is referred to as dotted decimal
notation, with each eight bits of an IP address (called an octet) separated from
the next eight bits by a period.
The 32-bit address has two parts. The prefix identifies the IP network to which
the host belongs. The remaining bits form the Host ID, which uniquely
identifies the host within the network. All hosts on the IP network have the
same network ID.
Each host on the network uses the network ID and the host ID to determine
which datagrams it should receive or ignore, and to determine the scope of its
transmissions.
Pinging the NE
EMS-XDM enables you to ping the NE to determine the quality of its network
connections, by comparing the transmitted and received signals.
2. To clear the list of results from the previous ping session, click Clean.
3. To select the packet size in bytes, click the Packet Size slider. Standard
value is 64 bytes.
4. To stop transmitting packets, click Stop (default when window opened;
toggles Start/Stop when clicked).
5. To resume the transmission of packets, click Start.
IP Address Classes
In IP addressing, the value of the first octet determines the number of host ID
bits available in the IP address. The following table lists the relevant classes.
As shown in the table, Class A IP networks support the largest number of host
addresses, while Class C supports the least.
IP Address Conventions
The Network Address, an IP address with all host ID bits set to zero, refers to
all hosts in the network identified by the network ID prefix.
An IP address with all host ID bits set to 1 is a Directed Broadcast to all the
hosts in the network identified by the network ID prefix.
If the source and destination hosts have the same network ID prefix in their IP
addresses, then they both belong to the same logical IP network. Therefore, the
source host can transmit the datagram over the LAN and assume that the
destination host will receive it.
If the source and destination hosts have different network ID prefixes in their
IP addresses, then they do not belong to the same IP network. Since the source
host cannot communicate with the destination host directly, it must send the
datagram to a router or gateway, which forwards it to another IP network.
IP Routing Features
GNEs support user-defined routes towards Ethernet LANs. This information is
entered in the IP routing table.
Subnet Masks
Subnet masks can be used to divide a subnet into several subnets, with fewer
hosts per subnet. This is of special significance when planning an IP network
with few hosts that does not require an entire Class C address range (254
hosts).
A subnet mask (a 32-bit number) determines the number of bits used for the
subnet and host portions of the address. In the subnet mask number, the number
1 determines a subnet division.
NE Network Interfaces/Routing
NEs may have the following IP network interfaces:
| Ethernet interface (named gtw)
| DCC network interfaces (name dcc0, dcc1, dcc2, and so on)
NEs can be installed in one of the following configurations:
| GNE: The NE is connected to EMS-XDM via Ethernet and communicates
with additional NEs through its DCC LAN interface. EMS-XDM uses the
GNE as the router to send datagrams to the NEs on the DCC subnet.
| DCC-only NE: The NE communicates only on its DCC subnetwork and is
not connected directly to a manager.
| Ethernet-only NE: The NE communicates with the manager via Ethernet
only.
GNEs and DCC-only NEs have a default entry in their routing table that
includes the destination (typically the manager) and the GNE used to route the
datagrams.
EMS-XDM displays the IP routing table, in which you can view and modify IP
routing entries for a selected XDM NE, allowing system configurations where
an NE is used to route datagrams to other LAN segments.
IP Routing Table
The IP routing table is used by EMS-XDM to route/forward management
communication packets between DCC channels and between DCC channels
and the Ethernet gateway.
It contains direct routes indicating neighboring elements derived autonomously
by the XDM static routes (including the default route) configured by the
operator, and routes derived by the OSPF protocol when the protocol is
enabled.
2. To refresh the window, select Refresh > Refresh. The read-only field
Refreshed At displays the last refresh time.
Field Description
Number Row number.
Destination Destination IP address.
Mask Number of bits used for subnet and host portions of address. Mask is a
32-bit value that uses one-bits for network and subnet portions and
zero-bits for host portion.
Next Hop IP address of next hop gateway.
Interface Type of LAN interface used by NE (Ethernet or DCC).
Route Type Route type (Direct or Indirect).
Metric Metric value of route. For future use: currently displays 1.
Protocol Routing protocol on NE LAN interface.
Adding IP Routes
To add an IP route:
1. In the Static Routes tab of the Routing Table window, select
Configuration > Create. The Add New Route window opens, where you
can add new routes to the Routing Table. The Main IP area displays the
main IP address and subnet mask of the NE read-only fields.
Editing IP Routes
To edit an IP route:
1. In the Static Routes tab of the Routing Table window, select the relevant
row.
2. Select Configuration > Edit. The Edit Route window for the selected NE
opens. The fields are the same as for the Add Route window (as shown in
the previous procedure).
3. Fill in the fields, as described in the previous procedure.
4. Click OK to submit the changes.
Deleting IP Routes
To delete an IP route:
1. In the Routing Table window, select the relevant row.
2. Select Configuration > Delete. A confirmation window opens, prompting
you to confirm the deletion.
3. Click Yes to confirm. The selected IP route is deleted from the routing
table.
Field Description
OSPF Enable OSPF state, Enable (default) or Disable.
AS Border Router ASBR state, Enable (default) or Disable. When set, OSPF
advertises its static routes.
OSPF Area ID OSPF Area ID table comprising 1-4 distinct areas coded as 32-bit
integers and displayed as IP addresses sorted from low to high
areas. By default, first row of table shows backbone area
(0.0.0.0). You can add and remove OSPF areas from table, taking
into account that there is at least one row in a table and areas used
in an area range or defined for an OSPF interface cannot be
removed.
OSPF Area Range Supports up to 12 distinct area ranges summarizing NEs
Table advertised over area boundaries. Instead of advertising NEs
individually, the ABR advertises the range.
Table rows are ordered by area ID and within that by range
address. You can edit selected rows and add and remove area
ranges from the table. Default Area Range table contains no
entries.
Range Address and Range Mask fields define subnet of NEs.
Area ID dropdown list displays area IDs already defined.
3. Click to apply the changes to the NE. The system downloads the
configuration to the NE after performing a validation check to confirm that
the new entry is unique.
3. Click to apply the changes to the NE. The system downloads the
configuration to the NE after performing a validation check to confirm that
the new entry is unique.
Terminating DCCs
To terminate a DCC, you need to connect the MS or RS DCC object to a DCC
TTP and then associate the termination with an IP network interface.
The RS-DCC or MS-DCC for a selected port is terminated. In the MS or RS
Internals window, you can begin the process of associating a selected DCC
object with an existing network interface.
To terminate DCCs:
1. In the Shelf View, double-click a card to open its Card Internals window.
The Card Internals window for the selected card opens.
2. Select the relevant port to display the MS or RS objects in the Zoom area.
3. In the Zoom area, double-click the MS or RS object. The relevant MS or
RS Overhead Bytes window opens, displaying DCC and OW tabs.
4. In the DCC tab, in the Port area, right-click a DCC object, and on the
shortcut menu, select Terminate DCC. The Zoom area displays a
connection arrow between the DCC object and relevant MS or RS DCC
object.
Field Description
Network Interface Attributes
Encapsulation Encapsulation type: PPP (allowed for interface associated with
one termination only) or LAN Emulation. (Read only for
Gateway (gtw) which has fixed Ethernet encapsulation and read
only for dcc0 which has fixed LAN Emulation encapsulation.)
Numbering Numbering status:
| Numbered: explicit IP address assigned to interface.
| Unnumbered: no such IP address assigned.
PPP interfaces may be Numbered or Unnumbered.
(Read only for LAN Emulation, Ethernet, and Gateway (gtw)
interfaces, which are always numbered.)
IP Address IP Address of interface. (IP addresses of Gateway and dcc0
interfaces are configured in NE Info window.)
Mask Mask for IP address. (Read only for Gateway (gtw))
(Main) OSPF Interface Attributes
Area ID OSPF Area ID (in IP Address format) for this interface. Relevant
only when OSPF is enabled. Dropdown list allows selection of
area from one of four areas defined in Overall OSPF tab.
Field Description
OSPF Interface Attributes
Router Priority Integer ranging from 0-255 (default 1).
Metric Metric value from 1-10000. Default values:
| RS-DCC: 520
| MS-DCC: 170
| Gateway (gtw): 10
| Clear Channel: 50
The Start Time field shows the date and time when the EMS-XDM
started collecting PM data
The Duration field shows the PM time interval (one day or 15 minutes)
The Monitored Seconds field shows the monitored seconds
4. To refresh the contents of the Current PM window select File > Refresh.
Setting NE Time
EMS-XDM enables you to manually set the NE real-time clock (date and time)
(even though EMS-XDM automatically updates the clock settings every few
minutes).
Setting NE Passwords
EMS-XDM provides the NE password security feature to prevent unauthorized
users from accessing the NE. Once an NE password is assigned, users who
attempt to access the NE must submit the NE password prior to logging in.
To set an NE password:
1. In the Shelf View, select System > NE Password.
OR
In the EMS-XDM main window, select an NE and select System > NE
Password.
The Change Password window opens.
Uploading a Specific NE
Configurators can manually upload basic data stored in a selected NE.
Managing NE Inventory
EMS-XDM enables you to view a wide range of information about the NEs
managed by the system.
Viewing NE Inventory
To view NE inventory:
1. In the Shelf View or EMS-XDM main window, select System >
Inventory. The Inventory window opens.
Field Description
NE List All NEs managed by EMS-XDM, color coded according to
alarm severity.
NE groups are indicated by plus sign (+). Click + to expand
group. A minus sign (-) appears next to group when NEs that
belong to it are shown (expanded). Click - to collapse group.
Can also right-click anywhere in NE list and select Expand All
to reveal all NEs in list. All selections made in NE List are
reflected in main window. (Read only)
Find NE Type name of NE to search NE list. List focus moves to nearest
match of search string.
Cards Inventory List of actual cards, equipment, and subequipment. (Read only)
Viewing NE States
EMS-XDM enables you to view a comprehensive list of all NEs and their
current states during an upload.
To view NE states:
1. In the Inventory window, click NE State. The NE State window opens,
displaying read-only fields, as described in the following table.
2. Click Save to save the information that appears in this window as an ASCII
file in the location: \temp\NEState.log.
3. Click Refresh to update the information in the window.
Field Description
Network Element Name of NE.
Name
Type XDM shelf type.
NE State State of NE upload process:
| Disconnected: NE is disconnected.
| Uploading DB: NE is performing a core upload, during
which cards, IP address, and attributes of NE are uploaded,
but not XCs. NE status LED is blue during this stage.
| Normal: NE can be opened and configured and alarms can
be viewed, but XCs cannot be created or accessed. During
this stage, NE status LED is green, yellow, or red.
| XC Upload: XCs are uploaded. This state is only available
after all NEs within subnet reach Normal state.
| XC Upload Finish: NE XC upload has been completed and
XC list can be opened.
| Background Upload: NE has started to upload internals
data, such as AU-3, AU-4, or VC-4 for each of its cards in
background. Process is halted if another upload process is
begun and resumes when latter upload process is complete.
| Background Finished: All data and objects for NE have
been uploaded. If after reaching this state another card is
added to NE, state reverts to background upload state until
new card is uploaded.
Note: Only one NE per subnet can perform a background upload
at one time.
Click Background Percents during XC Upload Finish or
Background Upload states to view percentage of background
upload completed thus far per NE. It can take considerable time
to display this information.
Field Description
Main Address NE IP address.
Gateway Address NE gateway address.
NE ID NE ID determined during NE installation.
Subnet NE subnet ID defined during NE creation.
% Background Percentage of background upload currently completed.
Summary Displayed after upload, includes number of NEs involved in
operation.
Filtering NE Inventory
EMS-XDM enables you to filter the criteria of the card inventory displayed.
2. In the Filter area (at the bottom of the window), select the relevant option
button. (Options: Modules Cage Cards, XMCP Cards, PIO Cards,
HLXC Cards, SIO Cards, Other, and OM Cards.) The Cards Inventory
area displays the relevant card criteria, according to your selection.
2. Select utility options via the Main Menu at the bottom of the window.
Column Description
Destination IP subnets to which EMS-XDM is routed
Gateway IP address of GNE
Metric Metric value of route
Alt. Gateway IP address of secondary GNE
Deleting NEs
EMS-XDM enables you to permanently delete NEs, as required.
To delete an NE:
1. In the EMS-XDM main window, select the NE to delete.
2. Select Configuration > Element > Delete. A confirmation window opens,
prompting you to confirm the deletion.
3. Click Yes to delete the selected NE.
Workflow
Basic timing configuration operations include:
| Viewing and modifying timing configuration, including:
Defining NE-level timing
Selecting reference tributaries for the reference clock sources
Selecting the active timing sources
Setting the quality of the various timing sources, if needed
Defining the T3 (external clock) input type
Defining the T4 output port signal source and its parameters
| Performing Maintenance Operations on Timing Objects and TMUs
In the Timing Configuration window, you can choose the timing sources per
selected NE:
| Internal: timing is generated internally by NE oscillator
| T3 Input: external timing source (for example, atomic clock) connected to
NE
| I/O Line Source: up to four I/O lines as clock sources (from PDH/SDH
source, with or without Synchronization Status Message (SSM))
Available timing sources can be divided into four groups, according to quality:
| SDH signals that contain an SSM (S1 byte in the MS/RS overhead), which
defines the quality of the signal as a timing source
| 2 MHz/2 Mbps External Clock and 2M Unframed PDH tributary, which
have no indication as to their quality
| 2 Mbps-F (framed) External Clock and 2M Framed PDH tributary, which
have SSM quality value
| Internal clock of NE, which has a fixed predefined quality
You must manually assign quality values for each NE that has either a 2 MHz
External Clock or 2M Unframed PDH source. Before assigning these qualities,
it is the user or administrator's responsibility to verify quality values, according
to the product specifications of each timing source. For the defined levels of
timing quality, see the Timing Source Configuration - Quality field in the
following table, Timing Configuration Window fields.
To modify timing parameters, in the Mode area, select Edit Mode from the
dropdown list (all fields in the window are enabled; most data in the
window is not refreshed).
Field Description
Mode Current timing mode.
View Mode Default read-only mode. All data and fields/buttons in the
window are disabled. Data in Timing Configuration window
is refreshed periodically while in View mode.
Edit Mode Active mode. All fields in the window are editable. Most data
in the window is not refreshed while in Edit mode.
Defining Timing In this area you can configure TG source.
Priority On XDM-100 and XDM-200 shelves, only port on PIM2_21
card can be used as timing source.
Ports on PIM345 card cannot be used as timing source on
these shelves.
1st Priority 1st priority source. Only option is Internal. (Read only)
2nd, 3rd, 4th 2nd, 3rd, and 4th priority optional timing sources.
Priority Source column displays respective priority timing source:
| T3-1
| I/O-Line-1
| None: to remove 2nd, 3rd, or 4th priority timing source.
As timing source selection is carried out by TG according
to signal status, it is important to remember that backup
source with higher status than primary source is selected
as active timing source, even if actual available quality is
lower than primary source.
Status column displays respective priority current status.
Quality column displays respective priority timing source
quality.
Color coded timing indicators:
| Yellow: backup source is active timing source, where
yellow background appears in Working Mode field of
TMU Info area of Timing Configuration window. LED
on TG object also changes to yellow.
| Green: primary source is active.
| Red: Holdover and none of timing sources are available,
using Internal clock (in Holdover mode).
TMU Info Current active timing source (Internal/T3/IO). Working
Mode fields display whether TMU is Active or Standby.
TMU Left Internal or External.
Working Mode TMU Left Active or Standby.
TMU Right Internal or External.
Working Mode TMU Right Active or Standby.
T3 Input Consists of two external clock inputs (T3-1 and T3-2).
Configuration
Field Description
T3 T3-1 input:
| None: to remove/inhibit any signal on the T3-1 port
| 2 MHz
| 2 Mbps
| 2 Mbps-F (Framed)
Field Description
T4-1 Signal on T4-1. Options:
| OFF: to inhibit any signal on T4-1 port
| 2 MHz
| 2 Mbps
| 2 Mbps-F (Framed)
In this chapter:
XDM Cards and Modules ................................................................................ 2-1
Assigning Cards to Slots.................................................................................. 2-2
Topology Link Discovery .............................................................................. 2-15
RED Curves ................................................................................................... 2-32
Viewing and Modifying Card Information .................................................... 2-36
Configuring Timing Sources ......................................................................... 2-40
If you open the Slot Assignment window on a card that has been
previously assigned, the window opens with the card type selected.
3. Click Assign. The Select Expected Type tree displays the XDM card
categories.
4. Click the plus sign (+) to the left of the XDM card category to display the
available card types. These appear according to the slot number selected.
5. Select the card to assign.
If you are assigning a card that requires a matching module in the modules
cage of the XDM 100 through XDM 1000 NE shelf, a second Slot
Assignment window is opened automatically, allowing you to assign the
modules cage card. Complete the slot assignment details in both Slot
Assignment windows.
When the card is defined as an IOP standby card, the icon appears at
the bottom of the card in the Shelf View.
To define a card as an equipment protection (standby) card, you must
assign an appropriate module type that supports the IOP feature (for
example, M2-84P).
7. Select the Include Upload checkbox to upload comprehensive data for the
card, including card internals data; clear it to upload only a minimal set of
data for the card. Assigning a card with Include Upload selected can take
far longer.
When a card is assigned with the Include Upload checkbox cleared,
further uploading of the card objects is done, as required (for example,
when selecting the card in the XC Browser). However, it should be noted
that subsequent uploading is done in the background (background upload)
and can take considerably longer. It is recommended to select Include
Upload when you want to do advanced provisioning on the card
immediately.
The default state of the Include Upload checkbox (selected or cleared) is
based on the preference settings. For some cards, such as the OFA-2, this
EMS preference option must be enabled.
8. Click Apply to apply the changes. A progress bar indicates the progress of
the data download. The Slot Assignment window remains open for further
slot assignment operations.
9. Click Close to close the window.
To reassign a card:
During the background assignment process, the icon marks the actual slot
being assigned. No other actions should be performed that may affect this slot
until the process is completed.
Alternatively, users can use the ASA feature in GUI mode to assign one or
more cards on an as-needed basis. Unlike non-GUI mode which automatically
triggers the assignment process when a new card is inserted in the shelf, you
can activate the automatic slot assignment GUI when necessary from the Shelf
View Configuration menu.
2. To change the expected card type for a card/module, in the Expected Card
column on the right, select a card type option from the dropdown list. In
some cases, you may deliberately not want to assign a card when it is
encountered during the assignment process. If this is the case, select None
in the Expected Card dropdown list for that card, and click .
3. To reset all cards in the Actual Card list to the factory-default expected
card types, click .
To activate ASA:
1. In the Shelf View, select Configuration > Setup > Auto Slot Assignment
> Auto Slot Assignment. The Auto Slot Assignment window opens.
2. In the Select NE/Slots to assign area on the left, select a slot and click
.
The selected NE and slot appear in the Selected NE/Slots area on the right.
To remove a slot from the Selected NE/Slots area, select the slot and click
.
ASA Troubleshooting
When operating in GUI mode, ASA features an additional table to determine
the appropriate card to be assigned. This table identifies module mismatch
errors that can occur when the expected card type does not match the actual
module on the card. The system first reads the actual card/module pair and then
checks this information against the table in the Actual to Expected Map
window to determine the expected card type for this actual card/module pair.
This expected card type is then assigned by the system.
If a module mismatch error occurs when operating in GUI mode, the system
attempts to fix the error by referring back to the Actual to Expected by
Module Map window. You can view the error message in the action history
log, and then refer to the table in the Actual to Expected by Module Map
window to determine the correct expected card for the assignment process. You
can use GUI mode to repeat the ASA assignment process for the affected card.
EMS-XDM enables you to readily identify section and automatic assignment
processes. In the Action History Log, ASA slot assignment processes appear
with an "(ASA)" prefix whereas Manual Slot Assignment processes do not.
2. In the Source NE field, type the name of the source (the NE from which
slot assignments are to be copied).
3. In Destination NE field, type the name of the Destination NE (the NE to
which the slot assignments are to be copied).
4. Click Duplicate to start the operation.
NOTE: You can use any ASCII editor to edit or create XML
files offline for importing into EMS-XDM. For details of how
to create your own XML file offline, see Creating XML Files
Offline, in the EMS-XDM Supporting Information Guide..
2. Type the name of the file under which to save the NE configuration, and
click Save. There is no need to specify a file extension, since the system
automatically appends the *.XML extension to the file name you enter.
A message window opens, confirming the successful operation.
2. Select the file to import, and click Open. The EMS-XDM main window
opens with the imported topology and displays the NE icons colored in blue
to indicate that the upload process has begun.
This feature is optional and can be used only if your system is licensed
appropriately.
The EMS-XDM topology link discovery feature uses a special implementation
of the J0 byte to add topology links that reflect actual fiber connections. This
solution focuses on the discovery of the transmission layers closest to the
physical layer and applies only to bidirectional SDH and OSC links.
The EMS-XDM link discovery process uses the Trail Trace Identifier (TTI) at
the RS layer (which corresponds to the J0 byte) to trigger discovery operations.
To do this, each NE is configured during installation with a unique TTI in
accordance with the G.7714 standard, which contains the IP address and ID of
the SDH port. ID information is compressed in the J0 byte and sent from the
source add endpoint (NE) to the drop endpoint (NE) as the TTI Sent value. The
TTI Sent value from the source is compared to the TTI Expected and TTI
Received values on the drop endpoint. EMS-XDM uses the TTI Sent, TTI
Received, and TTI Expected values to identify valid bidirectional links. When
a valid link is detected, it is reported in the topology link list. The creation of a
link indicates that its fibers are connected correctly.
The TTI Sent and TTI Received values are used to derive the Neighbor IP
Address and Neighbor Port ID RS object attribute values. Thus, if the TTI Sent
value is modified from its unique default value before discovery operations
commence, these attribute values cannot be correctly deduced and the link
discovery process will not work properly.
Topology Links
EMS-XDM enables you to view a list of topology links resulting from the link
discovery process.
Every row in the window corresponds to a different link, and each endpoint
displayed is on a different NE. If desired, you can sort the data according to
any column in the Topology Links window by clicking the appropriate
column header and clicking for an ascending sort, or for a descending
sort. (By default, the data displayed is automatically sorted by A-
EndPoint.) The fields are described in the following table.
Field Description
A-EndPoint First endpoint of the link. Always an RS object.
Z-EndPoint Second endpoint of the link. Always an RS object.
Rate Transmission rate on the link
Direction Direction of the link, either unidirectional or bidirectional.
User Label Not supported in the current version.
User Information User information
Send to NMS Instruction for the EMS to upload link information to the
LightSoft NMS. Value is either:
Yes to resolve the automatic link creation in the NMS.
No to prevent automatic link creation in the NMS.
To change the default value, from the Topology Links
window, select the relevant link(s) and click .
Type Topology link type
Creation Time The date and time at which the topology link was created
FuN ID FuN ID associated with topology link. This lists the optical
links from FuN map to a managed optical link list at the EMS-
XDM level
ASON Directionality Directions in which an ASON data link is defined:
| Unidirectional: ASON data link is defined at one end of
the link only
| Bidirectional: ASON data link is defined at both ends of
the link
| Empty: ASON link is not defined
| None: the link is defined as a non ASON link (i.e., the
link is excluded from the ASON domain, or the link rate is
not compatible with the ASON domain).
State State of the ASON data link:
| Down: not in service i.e., the link has not yet been put into
the resource pool. Alarm is displayed.
| Test: link is being tested.
| Passive Test: link is being checked for incoming test
messages.
| Up free: link is working, but no resources are allocated to
it for data traffic (i.e. no trails traverse it). No alarm is
displayed.
| Up allocated: The link is working and has been allocated
data traffic i.e., at least one trail exists on the link. No
alarms are detected.
| N/A: topology link is not associated with ASON topology,
or no state information received.
1. From the Topology Links window, select the relevant link and click .
The Info window opens.
2. Click the Status tab. The ASON status is displayed in the ASON field as
either:
TRUE: Topology link is associated with the ASON domain.
FALSE: Topology link is not associated with the ASON domain.
You can view the following parameters from the TE Links window:
Field Description
A-ACP ID ACP ID for first endpoint of the link.
Z-ACP ID ACP ID for second endpoint of the link.
A XDM Name NE name for first endpoint of the link.
Z XDM Name NE name for second endpoint of the link.
Link Capacity The total capacity of the link.
Free Capacity The available link capacity.
Direction Direction of the link. Options are:
| Unidirectional: Link is not working correctly, or the link is
connected to two NEs that lie between different EMSs.
| Bidirectional: Link is working.
# Members Number of data links that are contained in the TE link (up to 5).
A XDM ID NE ID for the first endpoint of the link.
Z XDM ID NE ID for the second endpoint of the link.
The fields in the Control Channels list are described in the following table.
Field Description
A-End ACP IP Address ACP IP address for first endpoint of the link.
Z-End ACP IP Address ACP IP address for second endpoint of the link.
A-End XDM Name NE name for first endpoint of the link.
Z-End XDM Name NE name for second endpoint of the link.
A XDM ID NE ID for the first endpoint of the link.
Z XDM ID NE ID for the second endpoint of the link.
Direction Direction of the link. Options are:
| Unidirectional: RS TTI string has been defined at
one endpoint only.
| Bidirectional: RS TTI string has been defined at both
endpoints.
Alarm Profile Profile name used by the control channel. The default
severity of control channel alarms is set from the Severity
Assignment window.
Operational Status Status of the ACP card's control channels. Options are:
| Enabled: Control channels on both endpoints are
operational and ACP cards can communicate with
each other.
| Disabled: Control channel on one or both endpoints
is not operational.
State The state of the control channel. Options are:
| Active: Control channel is working and
communication is possible between the ACPs.
| Down: One or both control channels is down.
| Init: First stage in establishing communication
between control channels is being performed.
| Negotiate: Second stage in establishing
communication between control channels is being
performed.
# Members Number of data links contained in the TE link (up to five).
Inhibit If set to True, forces manual exclusion of the control
channel so that maintenance operations can be performed.
LDL Information
You can view the LDL status of the AU-4 from the AU-4 on which the LDL is
defined in the EMS-XDM.
TST Information
In the EMS-XDM, you can view information about protecting or protected VC-
4s from the relevant TST endpoints.
RED Curves
Random Early Discard (RED) in EIS/EISM/EISMB cards is an advanced
technique for managing a switch buffer's queue and priority. It improves
network performance and is the optimal buffer management method. RED
drops packets on a random basis from overloaded queues at the network edge,
based on predefined thresholds triggered by the traffic on the network.
Typically, the percentage of packets dropped by RED is determined by a curve
that gradually increases until a maximum, at which point all packets are
dropped. This prevents the buffer on the EIS/EISM/EISMB port from
overflowing.
The EIS/EISM/EISMB has a 36 MB shared buffer for all of its ports. In EMS-
XDM, RED curves can be defined at the EIS/EISM/EISMB port level (EoS
and ETY) for each of the available Class of Service (CoS) levels: CoS6 (Gold),
CoS4 (Silver), CoS2 (Bronze), and CoS0 (Best Effort).
The following tables list the default RED curve settings for EoS and ETY
ports, where:
| Qmin is the threshold at which traffic from the selected queue begins to be
reduced through RED
| Qmax is the threshold beyond which all traffic from the selected queue is
dropped until congestion eases
For example, assume that two ETY ports are forwarding their traffic to a single
EoS port, and this traffic contains a combination of CoS6 (Gold) and CoS 0
(Best Effort) packets. In this case, the EoS port is configured with the default
RED value of 1,808 KB for the queue minimum. When congestion occurs on
the network and the buffer reaches 1,808 KB, the EIS/EISM/EISMB begins to
drop CoS0 (Best Effort) packets. When the buffer reaches 3,008 KB (the
default queue maximum), all CoS0 (Best Effort) packets are dropped.
See the following sections:
| Viewing RED Curves (on page 2-34)
| Editing RED Curves (on page 2-35)
| Restoring Default RED Settings (on page 2-36)
2. To filter the table, select a port and/or S-VLAN CoS from the relevant
dropdown lists.
Field Description
Port Slot number, port type (ETY or EoS), and port number.
S-VLAN CoS CoS: Gold, Silver, Bronze, or Best Effort.
Qmin Threshold at which traffic from the selected queue begins to be
reduced via RED.
Qmax Threshold beyond which all traffic from the selected queue is
dropped until congestion eases.
Drop Probability (%) Probability of packets being dropped between Qmin and Qmax
thresholds.
2. Edit the Qmin, Qmax, and Drop Probability fields, as required. Modified
settings appear highlighted in blue.
3. Click to apply the changes. A confirmation message window opens,
confirming that RED updated successfully. Changes are reflected in the
table and graph, and are applied to the EIS/EISM port.
Field Description
Assigned Equipment Card type assigned to slot. If different from actual type installed,
Type a Card Mismatch alarm is reported. (Read only)
Actual Equipment Type Card type actually installed. If different than expected type, a
Card Mismatch alarm is reported. (Read only)
Role in Protection Only displayed for cards in an IOP (equipment protection)
configuration. Displays card IOP status. (Read only)
Comment Comment.
Alarm Severity Profile Alarm severity profile assigned to card. (Read only)
Alarm Master Mask Displays alarm master mask. (Read only)
DCC/GCC Group DCC/GCC group to which card is assigned.
Field Description
Actual Equipment Card type actually installed. If different, a Card Mismatch alarm
Type is reported. (Read only)
In Use by Whether maintenance operation (for example, a loopback) is
Maintenance active. (Read only)
Bit Codes If a bit alarm exists on the card, displays additional information
on the alarm bit codes. (Read only)
Administrative Administrative capability of object to perform its function:
Status | Unlocked: Use of object has been permitted by a managing
system.
| Locked: Use of object has been prohibited by a managing
system. Information from subordinate records may be
retrieved, but new records will not be created. Records may
be deleted.
(Read only)
Usage State Usage state:
| Idle: currently no XC on object
| Active: XC on object
| Busy: XCs at full card capacity
(Read only)
Out Utilization (%) (Relevant only for PIO and SIO cards) Utilization of outgoing
2M/TU drop objects on the card.
In Utilization (%) (Relevant only for PIO and SIO cards) Utilization of incoming
2M/TU drop objects on the card.
Operational State Operation state:
| Enabled: operating properly
| Disabled: not operating due to, for example, a card reset or
power supply failure
(Read only)
Field Description
SW Version Software version. (Read only)
Card Width Card width. (Read only)
Detachable Equipment "Yes", card has a detachable module (DM). (Read only)
Rev. Data (Major/Minor) Revision data. (Read only)
Vendor Serial number sorted in the ID ROM on each card and
product version number. A 0 or 0.0 in the Version Name
field indicates the card does not support this version. May
be both a hardware and software version number.
Displays ECI Telecom. (Read only)
HW Version Hardware version. (Read only)
HW Option Hardware options, if any. (Read only)
Serial Number Serial number. (Read only)
User Data User-defined description. (Read only)
UPack ID UPack ID. (Read only)
In this chapter:
Overview ......................................................................................................... 3-1
HLXC/MXC/xMCP Cards .............................................................................. 3-2
XIO Card Internals .......................................................................................... 3-6
MECP Card Internals..................................................................................... 3-11
Overview
This section discusses how to use EMS-XDM to configure and manage XDM
common cards, including:
| HLXC/MXC/xMCP cards.
| XIO cards.
| MECP cards.
For a comprehensive list of cards and their descriptions see XDM-1000
Product Line Reference Manual.
Configuration options are accessed via the EMS-XDM Card Internals View
window. The Card Internals view varies according to the card type. For general
information about how to access the Card Internals window, see the EMS-
XDM Getting Started and Administration Guide.
HLXC/MXC/xMCP Cards
This section described the XDM matrix and main control cards.
| The user must decide the type of matrix card to be used at the time an order
is originally placed. The matrix card installed in an XDM shelf (HLXC or
XIO) cannot be replaced after installation as it is part of the NE install
state. However, it is possible to upgrade to a higher capacity without
disrupting traffic.
SAM Modules
Two SDH Aggregate Modules (SAMs) are associated with each MXC-100/B
card. SAM1_4/E is an electrical aggregate module with four electrical STM-1
(155 Mbps) interfaces. SAM1_4/O is an optical aggregate module with four
STM-1 (155 Mbps) interfaces with slots for SFP transceivers. A maximum of
four SAM1_4/E (or SAM1_4/O) modules, totaling 16 interfaces, can be
incorporated in an XDM-100 shelf with full MXC-100/B redundancy, and a
maximum of two SAM1_4/E (or SAM1_4/O) modules, totaling 8 interfaces,
can be incorporated in an XDM-100 shelf with no MXC-100/B redundancy.
There are four basic configuration variations possible when working with the
XIO384F card. The four configuration modes are grouped into two categories,
enabling optimization for different network working conditions, as follows:
| Category A:
Configuration 1 (XIO384F-1): Optimized for network designs that
include 2.5 G and 5 G SDH/data cards with an average level of low
order drop.
Configuration 2 (XIO384F-2): Optimized for network designs that
include 2.5 G, 5 G, 10 G SDH/data cards with a few DWDM cards used
in the zero capacity slots.
| Category B:
Configuration 3 (XIO384F-4): Optimized for network designs that
include 2.5 G and 5 G SDH/data cards with a higher level of low order
drop.
Configuration 4 (XIO384F-4): Optimized for network designs that
include 2.5 G, 5 G, 10 G SDH/data cards with an average number of
DWDM cards used in the zero or small capacity slots.
ECI Telecom offers different XIO384F configuration options to enable slot
capacity changes that reflect a network's changing needs. Configurators can
easily upgrade their slot capacity assignments by switching between
configuration options within the same category. All configuration details for
the NE remain the same except for the specific slot capacity definitions. There
is no need to redefine the cross connects or traffic trails or severity profile or
any other aspect of the NE configuration definition. Users change the XIO384F
configuration selection through the LCT-XDM GUI. See the LCT-XDM User
Manual for more information.
2. In the XIO card Setup window, click FEC Enable (or EFEC) to enable
Forward Error Correction on transponders. Transponders connected to each
other (as endpoints or regenerators) must have the same settings.
3. Click ALS ON or ALS OFF to adjust the ALS setting. When the ALS
state is set to ON, the laser transmission on the object is shut off when an
LOS is detected on the fiber on which it is transmitting.
4. Click to apply the changes. A confirmation window opens, warning that
the operation may be traffic-affecting.
In this chapter:
Overview ......................................................................................................... 4-1
PIO/PIM/PDB Card Internals .......................................................................... 4-2
SIO/SIM Card Internals ................................................................................... 4-4
MCS Card Internals ....................................................................................... 4-14
EIS/EISM Card Internals ............................................................................... 4-88
EISMB Card Internals ................................................................................... 4-97
DIO Card Internals ...................................................................................... 4-101
ATS Card Internals ...................................................................................... 4-104
Overview
This section discusses how to use EMS-XDM to configure and manage XDM
data cards, including:
| PIO/PIM/PDB cards
| SIO/SIM cards
| MCS cards
| EIS/EISM/EISMB cards
| DIO cards
| ATS cards
For a comprehensive list of cards and their descriptions, see XDM-1000
Product Line Reference Manual.
Configuration options are accessed via the EMS-XDM Card Internals View
window. The Card Internals view varies according to the card type. For general
information about how to access the Card Internals window, see the EMS-
XDM Getting Started and Administration Guide.
Both the physical interface and logical interface icons are displayed in pairs, to
indicate the Src and Snk objects of the respective interface.
The following figure shows a sample SIO164 Card Internals View displaying
an OMSC16_4 module with 16 AU-4s, 4 streams, and a concatenation group
(shown on objects 13 through 16 and 41 through 44 marked by "C"). (The
SIM64_XFP, SIM64_4, and SIM16_4 cards supported by XDM-300 are
similar to the SIO164.)
The area at the top of the window displays a view of the HO XC, such as the
VC-4 object to which the AU-4 is connected. If the HO XC is protected, both
AU-4s are displayed, with the arrow indicating the active connection.
The matrix displayed at the center of the AU-4 internals window displays the
LO XCs going through the HO XCS (XC set). Each of the squares in the matrix
represents a TU-12 (2 Mbps)-level XC. A 21 square block represents a TU-3-
level XC.
Select one of the LO XCs to display the details in the Zoom area at the bottom
of the AU-4 window.
NOTE: For a complete list of all the available SIO cards and
modules see the latest XDM-1000 Product Line Reference
Manual.
To view OW:
| In the RS or MS DCC window, click the OW tab. The RS or MS DCC
internals window opens, displaying the OW tab.
Mixed SIO
An SIO card consists of a common base card and plug-in modules. Mixed SIO
cards enable you to configure both STM-1 and STM-4 ports on the same SIO.
The mixed SIO feature provides enhanced flexibility and simplified slot
assignment by enabling you to select the number of ports and bitrates on the
card. One mixed SIO card type is available, the SIO1n4_16. For each
daughterboard on the card, you can select a separate plug-in module that
determines the bitrate and number of ports to be configured on the
daughterboard.
Plug-in modules use a simple convention that enables you to readily determine
the bitrate and number of ports that can be configured on any given
daughterboard. An EM in the module name signifies an equipment module; an
OM designates an optical module. The first two digits after the EM or OM text
designate the STM bitrate. For example, 01 indicates an STM-1, and 04
indicates an STM-4. The next digit in the sequence indicates the number of
times the specified STM rate is present on the daughterboard. For example, 1
indicates once, 2 means twice, and 4 specifies four times; an EM01_2_MIX
plug-in module is an equipment module containing two STM-1s.
2. In the SIM Allowed field, enable the SIM mode if it is disabled. In the
dropdown list, select Enabled. (Once you have enabled the SIM mode, this
field is disabled for editing.)
3. Click to apply the changes.
Field Description
Port Type Port type relevant to selected EoS. Must be selected before
configuring general parameters of port. Options include:
| L2 EoS UNI: For connecting to Layer 1 ports (such as DIO)
| L2 EoS NNI: For connecting to Layer 2 ports
| MPLS MoT: For creating MPLS tunnels (XCs)
Rate Limit Rate limit of port (supported by far end mapper/client) per selected
port type. Options include:
| No Limit
| 10 Mbps
| 100 Mbps (default for L2 EOS UNI ports)
| 1 Gbps (default for L2 EOS NNI ports)
Field Description
Assigned Expected equipment type:
Equipment Type | None
(Expected) | OTGBE
| OTFE
2. In the Local Pause Advertisement field select the pause type (No
Pause/Symmetric Pause/Asymmetric Pause/Symmetric and Asymmetric
Pause.
Modifying TM Configuration
You can view and modify MCS traffic management (TM) CoS settings. TM
configuration is permissible, even if an Egress Rate Limit is configured on the
port.
When modifying configuration, note that units are as follows:
| CIR, PIR(Kbps),
| CBS, PBS = (Kbyte)
For EMS/MCP validation in manual mode, the PIR value must be equal to or
greater than the CIR value.
Viewing Alarms
You can view visible and invisible alarms and alarm severity profiles of MCS
ports.
Viewing Status
You can view status parameters of MCS ports.
Viewing Performance
You can view current and history PM counters, and PM threshold profiles for
MCS ports.
To view PM thresholds:
1. In the MCS Card Internals window, select a port, and click the
Performance tab.
2. Click the Thresholds tab. The Thresholds tab opens, displaying a
dropdown list of options for viewing PM thresholds.
3. Select an option from the dropdown list, and click Open. The Thresholds
Profile window opens, where you can view and assign a PM profile and
modify threshold values for MCS objects.
Viewing Inventory
You can view inventory parameters of MCS ports.
Field Description
SW Version Software version number of XDM embedded software.
Wide Card Number of backplane slots occupied by card (single, double, triple,
or quarto).
Detachable If card has a detachable module (DM), this field displays Yes.
Equipment
Rev. Data Revision data.
(Major/Minor)
Vendor Name Name of manufacturer of XDM.
HW Version Hardware version number of XDM.
HW Option Hardware options, if any, equipped in card.
Serial Number Serial number of XDM.
User Data Additional data regarding XDM.
Upack Id Upack ID number.
Field Description
PE ID Provider Edge ID.
Ethernet Network Id Ethernet network ID.
MPLS Network ID MPLS network ID.
High Priority Class High priority class.
Overbooking Factor Overbooking/CoS (0-7) levels.
COS 0-7
Alarm Profile Alarm severity profile.
Alarm master Mask Alarm master mask (Options: Nonmonitored, Monitored,
Masked QoS, Masked).
PM Collection for Enabled PM collection for MPLS tunnels.
Tunnels
PM Collection for VSI Enables PM collection for VSI and Policer.
and Policer
Local MEP ID Unique MEP ID for CFM.
Field Description
Profile Name Name of profile
Profile Mode Mode of profile, Automatic or Manual
Weight Weight used to calculate average queue length
Green QMin Green queue minimum (1-153,600 KB) and percentage of buffer
(in parentheses)
Green QMax Green queue maximum (1-153,600 KB) and percentage of buffer
(in parentheses)
Green Drop Green drop probability (0-100)
Probability
Field Description
Yellow QMin Yellow queue minimum (1-153,600 KB) and percentage of
buffer (in parentheses)
Yellow QMax Yellow queue maximum (1-153,600 KB) and percentage of
buffer (in parentheses)
Yellow Drop Yellow drop probability (0-100)
Probability
Field Description
Switch RSTP Configuration
Bridge ID Bridge ID number
Bridge Priority Bridge priority value of MCS card
Ethernet Address Ethernet address
Max Age (sec) Maximum age in seconds (6-40)
Fwd Delay (sec) Forward delay in seconds
Hello Time (sec) Hello Time in seconds
Notification Whether RSTP notification is enabled (Yes or No)
Enable
Ports RSTP Configuration
Port Port type (Read only)
RSTP Enabled RSTP enabled state
State State of port (Read only)
Path Cost Path cost (Read only)
Designated Cost Designated cost (Read only)
Port Priority Port priority
3. To change the FDB Over Quota Action attribute value, select an option
from the Attribute New Value dropdown list (Dropped or Forwarded).
4. In the Propagation field, select the Propagation button to propagate the
parameters.
5. Click to apply the changes.
Field Description
Switch RSTP Status
RSTP Status
Tx Hold Count Tx hold count
Time Since TC Time interval since Topology Change
TC Count Topology Change count
BPDU Frame Format Type of RSTP Bridge Protocol Data Unit frame format
RSTP Root Status
Designated Designated port
Path Cost Path cost of root
Port Root Port
Ports RSTP Status
Port Port assigned RSTP
RSTP Enabled Whether RSTP is enabled for port
State State of port
Path Cost Path cost of RSTP port
Designated Cost Designated cost of RSTP port
Port Priority Priority of RSTP port
Field Description
Administrative Status Administrative state
Usage State Usage state
Operational State Operational state
Field Description
FDB Current Size Current size of used FDB entries (0-128 KB)
FDB Total Provisioned Size Total VPN configured quotas (0-128 KB x 8 KB)
FDB Max Size Maximum FDB size (128 KB)
Field Description
VPN ID VPN ID of VSI connection.
User Label User label (32 ASCII character string for provider).
Customer Customer name of VSI connection (32 ASCII character string for
user).
Service Type Service Type of VSI connection.
vFIB Quota Maximum number of entries allowed for VSI (0-65,535). Default
value is 100.
SVLAN S-VLAN number in range 1-4093. Cannot be edited when NNi port is
attached to VSI. Values previously configured by other VSIs are not
available for use.
Admin State Administrative state.
Creating VSIs
You can create VSIs for MCS cards to connect two networks to regulate traffic
according to specified CoS levels.
To create a VSI:
1. In Shelf View, select an MCS card, and select Connections > Create VSI.
OR
In the MCS Card Internals window, select Configuration > Create.
The VSI window opens, displaying the General tab. You can configure the
general parameters of the VSI.
2. In the Eth VPN ID field, enter the Ethernet VPN ID that will identify this
VSI. (The range of values is from 1 to 4294967294).Each VSI has its own
unique Ethernet VPN ID.
3. In the VC Label field, enter the VC label.
4. In the User Label field, enter the user label.
5. In the Customer field, enter the customer name.
6. In the General Configuration area, in the Administrative State field,
choose an option from the dropdown list (Enabled or Disabled).
7. In the S-VLAN field, enter the S-VLAN that will identify this VSI. (The
range of values is from 1 to 4094). Each VSI has its own unique S-VLAN
ID.
12. In the Available Ports area, select the relevant port(s) from the dropdown
list and click Add. The added ports are listed in the Selected Ports area.
(To remove an entry, select the port and click Remove.)
13. In the Selected Ports area, select the port that you want to configure.
Details of the selected port appear in the area to the right of the Selected
Ports area.
14. To configure UNI port parameters for the selected VSI:
a. Click the C-Vlans tab, to associate a C-VLAN ID with the current Eth
VPN ID, select one of the following options from the dropdown list:
All/Other: to associate all undistributed C-VLAN IDs from this
customer (that is, those CD-VIDs that have not been associated
with any other L2VPN IDs, including this current one) to this Eth
VPN ID.
Untagged/P.Tagged: to associate any untagged and priority tagged
packets from this customer with this Eth VPN ID.
An available C-VLAN ID (range: 1-4094). (C-VLAN IDs already
in use on this port do not appear and cannot be selected.) Note:
CVLAN ID 4095 is reserved for DH VSI only. It should not be
used as an available C-VLAN ID.
b. Click Add. The ID category is added. (To remove an entry, click
Remove.)
c. There are 7 CoS levels (shown as CoS0 through CoS7). Repeat the
previous steps, as needed, to continue adding ports and C-VLAN IDs to
the list. (You can associate additional C-VLAN IDs to a UNI port, and
after each association, add each to the list to the same port group.).
15. Default values are defined for Ingress/Egress mapping to/from Class of
Service for UNI and E-NNI ports. To change the defaults, see Modifying
Ingress/Egress Mapping to/from Class of Service.
16. To provide Egress C-Vlan translation, and/or C-Vlan priority translation:
a. In the Egress C-Vlan ID Transl area, select the translation ID that you
require from either the Tagged or Priority Tagged dropdown list. You
can only select a single ID, and/or untagged/Priority tagged
classifications at one time. If more than one C-Vlan is defined in the C-
Vlan area, C-Vlan translation is disabled.
b. To translate C-Vlan priority from ingress to egress for all packets of the
selected C-Vlan, in the Egress C-Vlan PRI Translation area select the
egress priority translation from the dropdown list for each ingress
priority, or to translate all packets to the same egress priority, click
Map all and select the priority you require.
Note: Ingress C-Vlan Translation for untagged packets is defined at the port
level via the Configuration Ethernet Sink tab, Untagged/P.Tagged Handling
Field.
17. After adding all necessary ports and C-VLAN IDs to the selected L2VPN
ID, click the CoS tab to display the CoS Mapping area, where you can
map the customer priorities to the CoS levels supported by the MCS by
clicking the relevant PRI/CoS mapping options.
18. To set the same Ingress/Egress Policers state for all CoS:
a. Click the relevant Ingress or Egress tab.
b. Click Policing All.
c. Select the relevant state from the dropdown box (Blocked/Policing/No
Rate Limit).
d. If selecting Policing state, select the policing profile that you want to
use.
Note: replacing policer and profiles is traffic affecting. Both ingress and
egress policers can use the same profile.
19. To select one or more CoS to be assigned the same group policing state:
a. In the first row of the CoS List area, click one or more CoS to which
you want to apply the same state.
b. Select the relevant state from the dropdown list.
c. If selecting Policing state, select the policing profile that you want to
use from the dropdown list. The state and profile is applied to the
selected CoSs only.
d. Repeat previous step, using subsequent rows in the CoS List area, to
define new states for selected CoS, until you have defined the states
that you require for all CoS.
The available policer profiles (shown in the Service Ports tab) for UNI
ports corresponds to the configured policer profiles listed in the Policer
Profiles tab of the MCS Card Internals window.
By default, the CoS mapping is set to zero (as shown in the following
figure). PRI (priorities) are packets that pass from the user to the MCS card.
For Each PRI (priority), you can assign one CoS. However, for each CoS,
you can assign several PRIs.
Each successive port has the same number of CoS levels assigned as the
first UNI port in the list, according to the CoS/PRI mapping. For example,
if the first UNI in the list is mapped to three CoS/PRIs, and consequently
has three policers, then the second port also has three available policers
(that need to be configured separately).
20. In the Service Ports tab, select each port and configure its policing
parameters separately in the Policers area by choosing an option from the
relevant dropdown list:
State: for each policer, there are three possible states:
Blocking (traffic is blocked, policer parameters are disabled for
configuration)
Policing (regulates traffic according to specified CoS levels; policer
parameters CIR, CBS, EIR, and EBS are enabled for configuration)
No Rate Limit (allows unlimited traffic to pass through; policer
parameters are disabled for configuration)
The policer profile consists of the following:
CIR (KB/S): Committed Information Rate
CBS (KB): Committed Burst Size, value corresponds to selected CIR
option
EIR (KB/S): Excess Information Rate
EBS (KB): Excess Burst Size, value corresponds to selected CIR
option
This defines the corresponding CoS and traffic levels for the selected
customer priorities.
The Policers area displays the relevant policers per assigned CoS for the
selected UNI port.
21. When you have finished constructing the VSI, click to activate the new
settings. A confirmation window is displayed.
Editing VSIs
You can modify VSIs.
To edit a VSI:
1. In the VSI Connections tab (of the MCS Card Internals window), select
the relevant row.
2. Select Configuration > Edit. The relevant VSI window opens, displaying
the same tabs and fields as for creating the selected VSI.
3. Edit the fields, as required. The L2VPN ID and S-VLAN cannot be
modified. Some editing actions can be traffic-affecting.
Deleting VSIs
You can delete VSIs.
To delete a VSI:
1. In the VSI Connections tab, select the relevant VSI in the table.
2. Select Configuration > Delete. A confirmation window opens, prompting
you to confirm the deletion.
3. Click Yes to confirm. The selected VSI is deleted.
To register a flow:
1. In the VSI Connections tab, select the relevant VSI in the table.
2. Right-click and select S-VLAN Registration from the shortcut menu. The
S-VLAN Registration window opens, displaying the S-VID (in both the
first field as well as in the title bar), the S-VLAN name, and the customer
name (as read-only attributes), and two trees: Entire Network and
Propagation Target.
The Entire Network tree displays all NNI ports not displayed in the
Propagation Target tree. The Propagation Target tree displays the EoS
ports of the network of the selected (source) flow and all contained
subnetworks, except for ports of any bridges which have a flow of this S-
VLAN ID already assigned to them.
You can propagate/connect the VSI to the same NE, to another NE, or to
another MCS card, and you can add additional ports to the VSI.
3. In the Entire Network Tree, select the relevant object, which may be an
entire network, subnetwork, or EoS port, and click to add the
targets to the Propagation Target tree.
3. In the Select field, select the relevant option (Ingress Policer, Egress
Policer, VSI, or Egress VSI). If selecting Egress VSI, specify the relevant
port from the dropdown list.
4. In the Window Duration field, select the duration time (15 Min or Daily):
The Start Time field shows the date and time when the EMS-XDM
started collecting PM data.
The Duration field shows the PM time interval (one day or
15 minutes).
The Monitored Seconds field shows the monitored seconds.
5. View the results in the table.
3. In the Select Entity field, select the relevant option (Ingress Policer,
Egress Policer, VSI, or Egress VSI). If selecting Egress VSI, specify the
relevant port from the dropdown list.
4. In the Window Duration field, select the relevant option (15 Min or 24
Hours, depending on the period you want to analyze).
5. In the From and To fields, specify the period of time for which you want to
retrieve historical data. The 15-minute or one-day interval is applied to that
time span. For example, if you specify a period of two hours in the From
and To fields, and select the 15 Min option in the Window Duration field,
the data table shows eight lines of (nonzero) PM data.
6. View the results in the table.
Filtering VSIs
You can filter the VSI connections displayed in the VSI Connections tab,
according to specified criteria.
3. To filter by VPN ID, in the VPN ID From and To fields, enter the range
for the VPN ID numbers (must be numeric).
4. To filter by user label, in the User Label field, enter a user label. Select the
adjacent Exact Match checkbox to display filtered results with an identical
matching name. Select the adjacent Case Sensitive checkbox to display
case-sensitive matching entries.
5. To filter by customer, in the Customer field, enter a customer name. Select
the adjacent Exact Match checkbox to display filtered results with an
identical matching name. Select the adjacent Case Sensitive checkbox to
display case-sensitive matching entries.
6. To filter by service type, in the Service Type field, choose an option from
the dropdown list.
7. To filter by administrative state, in the Admin State field, choose an option
from the dropdown list.
8. To filter by vFIB quota, in the vFIB Quota From and To fields, enter the
range for the vFIB quota (must be numeric).
9. To filter by S-VLAN, in the SVLAN From and To fields, enter the range
for the S-VLAN (must be numeric).
10. To filter flows on a specific port, select the port in the Port pane.
11. Click Apply to perform the filtering operation. The VSI Connections tab
displays the filtered results.
Printing VSIs
You can print VSI connections to a designated printer or text file.
Exporting VSIs
VSI connections can be exported to an XML file.
To export a flow:
1. In the VSI Connections tab (of the MCS Card Internals window), do one
of the following:
To export a selected VSI connection, select the relevant VSI connection
row, right-click and select Export Selected to File on the shortcut
menu.
OR
To export the entire VSI connections list, right-click in the list and
select Export to File on the shortcut menu.
The Save VSI window opens for defining a file name and location.
Importing VSIs
EMS-XDM allows you to import information into the VSI connections list.
To import a VSI:
1. In the VSI Connections tab (of the MCS Card Internals window), select
the relevant row.
2. Right-click and select Import on the shortcut menu to open a window
where you can select the file.
3. Browse to the file, select, and click OK. The file is imported into the VSI
connections list and the information it contains is added to the table.
To configure CFM:
1. From the MCS Card Internals view, click Switch. The MCS
configuration information is displayed.
2. Click the Connections tab.
3. Within the Connections tab, click the VSI Connections tab. A list of VSI
connections is displayed.
4. Double-click the VSI connection that you want to configure. The VSI
window opens, displaying configuration information.
5. From the VSI window, click the CFM tab. The CFM tree displays the CoS
for Provider, Operator, and Nested Operator groups on the left-hand side of
the window.
2. To add an MEP ID to the Remote MEP List, in the MEP ID field, enter an
MEP ID and click Add. The ID is added to the list.
3. Repeat the previous step for all MEP IDs that you want to add, and click
Apply. CCM messages start to be sent. When a response is obtained, the
Remote Operational State is displayed as Up in the Remote MEP list.
| To perform a loopback test: in the Loopback area, enter the MAC address
of the MCS card with which you want to test connectivity, and click
Loopback. The results are displayed in the results field (Passed/Failed).
| To perform a link trace test: in the Link Trace area, enter the MAC address
of the MCS card with which you want to perform the link trace test, and
click Link Trace. The results are displayed in the results field
(Passed/Failed). The Link Trace table details results of the route taken,
including the hops that the test traversed until reaching the endpoint.
For information about setting alarm severity, see Setting Alarm Severity (on
page 10-2).
Multicast VSI
Multicast technology enables efficient delivery of multicast traffic such as
IPTV content over point-to-multipoint (P2MP) tunnels. A P2MP tunnel is a
tree-and-branch structure in which replication of packets occurs at branching
points. The point where the service enters the MCS network is called root,
while the points where the service is terminated are called leaves. Thus,
multicast traffic arriving at the root PE flows along the P2MP tunnel, replicated
at branch points, and gets dropped at the leaf PEs. This scheme can achieve
high multicast efficiency, since there is only one copy of each packet flowing
per branch, regardless of the number of leaves to which the branch leads. Each
P2MP tunnel is dedicated for a single service (multicast VSI at the context of
MCS), which in turn can carry traffic of hundreds of channels. IGMP snooping
at the leaves can be enabled in order to dynamically learn and send per access
ETH link only the subscriber-requested channels, thereby minimizing any
unnecessary bandwidth on those links. Other alternatives include static
multicast channels configuration per service per access link, and a flood-all-
group option per VSI in which multicast traffic is unconditionally flooded over
the ETH access links.
At the same time, the same infrastructure is used for bidirectional VPLS traffic,
carrying the IPTV subscriber control traffic (IGMP packets) back upstream to
the edge routers, as well as transporting additional bidirectional VOD, VoIP,
and HSI services. This means that a single infrastructure can be used to supply
all triple play service requests, optimizing network efficiency and capacity with
minimal overhead in cost or complexity.
In summary, EMS-XDM provides a full triple play solution, incorporating
P2MP multicast tunnels, star VPLS, and IGMP snooping:
| P2MP multicast tunnels carry IPTV content in an efficient drop-and-
continue manner from the head-end router, through the root PE to all leaf
PEs.
| VPLS star carries all other P2P triple play services such as VoIP, VoD, and
HIS, as well as IGMP messages both upstream (request/leave messages
from the customer) to the root, and downstream (query messages from the
router) to the leaf PEs.
| IGMP snooping can be enabled at the leaf PEs to deliver only the IPTV
channels dynamically requested by the user. Alternatively, the flood-all-
groups option allows to unconditionally transmit the traffic to the access
ports.
| Finally, each service can be configured to deliver traffic of specified static
multicast addresses per access port, instead or in addition to enabling
IGMP.
5. Click to activate the new settings. For Rooted-MP Leaf VSIs, the
Multicast Configuration and Multicast Status tabs are enabled, allowing
you to configure additional MC settings, including IGMP snooping and
configuration and MC configuration and status. For Rooted-MP Root VSIs,
the P2MP XC tab is enabled, allowing you to configure point-to-multipoint
XCs (tunnels).
3. In the P2MP XC List, select the relevant tunnel ID to map to a CoS. You
can select one tunnel ID per CoS.
4. In the Add P2MP XC area, choose a CoS from the dropdown list, and
click Add.
(When you connect a VSI to a tunnel, the Tunnel Usage Number changes
in the MPLS XC Connections tab.)
Field Description
Total Entries in FDB Total of entries in FDB
Number of Entries Number of entries retrieved
Retrieved
Number Row number
Port Slot and port number of port sending traffic to Ethernet
switch
L2VPN Id Unique Layer 2 VPN ID carried by MCS/Ethernet switch
MAC Address MAC address of port sending traffic to MCS/Ethernet switch
VSI Policers
In the MCS Card Internals window, you can create VSI policer profiles and
configure VSI policers.
3. To open the VSI window, select the Switch, click the Connections tab,
click the VSI Connections tab, and do one of the following:
Select Configuration > Create.
OR
In the VSI table, double-click the relevant row or right-click the row
and select Edit.
The VSI window opens, where you can configure CoS, service ports, and
policers, and map policers to policer profiles.
4. Click the CoS tab, and in the UNI and E-NNI areas, edit the fields as
required by choosing relevant options from the dropdown lists. Select Map
All as checkbox or clear it and select individual priority and CoS options in
the Ingress and Egress areas.
5. Click the Service Ports tab.
6. In the Available Ports area, select the port(s) and click Add to add the
port(s) to the Selected Ports list.
7. In the Selected Ports list, select the UNI or E-NNI port. The EoS area
displays the selected port's details in the Domain, Type, and Bandwidth
fields. (C-VLAN and Policers areas vary per port as well.)
8. In the C-VLAN field, select an option from the dropdown list (All/Other,
Untagged, or a C-VLAN value) and click Add.
9. To map a policer to a policer profile, in the Policers area in the relevant
CoS row(s), select the state (Blocked, Policing, No Rate Limit) and
policer profile from the dropdown lists.
10. Click to apply the changes. A message window opens, confirming the
successful creation of the VSI. The new VSI appears in the list in the VSI
Connections tab. The CoS tab of the VSI window displays the CoS
mapping as External NNI (E-NNI).
3. Select an option (Bridge or FDB) from the dropdown list, and click Open.
The Performance History window opens, where you can view history PM
counters (at 15 minute and 24 hour intervals) per selected dates.
Viewing PM Thresholds
To view PM thresholds:
1. In the MCS Card Internals window, select a port, and click the
Performance tab.
2. Click the Thresholds tab. The tab opens, displaying a dropdown list of
options for which you can choose to view PM thresholds.
3. Select an option (Bridge or FDB), and click Open. The Thresholds
Profile window opens, where you can view and assign a PM profile and
modify threshold values for the selected MCS Bridge or FDB.
MPLS Overview
EMS-XDM supports MPLS tunnels (XCs) as part of its Virtual Private LAN
Service (VPLS) management solution. VPLS provides connectivity between
geographically dispersed Customer Ethernet (CE) sites across a Provider
network, as if they were connected with a LAN. The interconnected CEs form
a private MPLS VPN and communicate among themselves using Ethernet
bridging and MAC learning.
Label switching facilitates packet forwarding via a full mesh of MPLS label
switched paths (LSPs) or tunnels between the Provider's edge (PE) sites. The
source PE appends the following two MPLS labels to each customer's Ethernet
packet entering the tunnel:
| VC label: Represents the VPN to which the packet belongs. It serves as
demultiplexor field, aggregating multiple VPNs into a single tunnel,
providing scalable tunneling (unlike a dedicated tunnel per VPN).
| Tunnel label: Represents the tunnel to which the packet is mapped.
The transit Ps switch the MPLS packets from the incoming port and label to the
outgoing port and label. The Destination PE determines it is the tunnel
destination based on the Tunnel label, and derives the packet VPN from the VC
label. It then forwards the packet to the destination Ethernet port, based on the
packet's MAC DA, after removal of the two MPLS labels, and forwards the
packet to the CE port.
MCS supports the following tunnel types:
| Point-to-point (P2P): Originates at the source PE, traverses through transit
Ps, and terminates at the destination PE.
| Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP): Originates at the source PE and terminates
at multiple destination PEs. A P2MP tunnel comprises subtunnels, each
starting at the same source PE and ending at a different destination PE. It
involves a tree-and-branch structure, where packet replication occurs at
branching points along the tree. Subtunnels may share a branch (a link),
enabling forwarding only one packet copy to that link. This scheme can
achieve high multicast efficiency since only one copy of each packet ever
traverses an MPLS link. With P2MP tunnels, a node can be a transit P for
some subtunnels and at the same time a destination PE for (at most) one
subtunnel, in which case it may be called "transit PE".
An MPLS network comprises MPLS over Transport (MoT) links, MCS PEs
with MPLS NNI ports, and MPLS tunnels. Each tunnel consists of tunnel
segments, where each segment is associated with a single MCS card. A tunnel
segment is further subdivided to in-segment and out-segment CTP objects
interconnected by a single MPLS cross connect (XC) object:
| In-segment CTP is analogous to incoming port and MPLS label.
| Out-segment CTP is analogous to outgoing port and MPLS label.
| MPLS XC is the conceptual connection between one in-segment and one or
more out-segments, where multiple out-segments can exist only in a P2MP
tunnel segment.
MCS supports Fast Reroute (FRR) tunnel protection per tunnel segment to
protect against link or node failure.
QoS
MPLS provides network traffic engineering (TE) offering Quality of Service
(QoS), such as guaranteed bandwidth per tunnel, via the following means:
| Bandwidth per tunnel: Each P2P or P2MP tunnel is assigned a single
user-configurable bandwidth in the range 1-2560 Mbps.
| CoS per tunnel: Each P2P or P2MP tunnel is assigned a single user-
configurable Class, or Class of service (CoS) in the range 0-7. The CoS
value can affect both throughput and latency performance of the tunnel. A
tunnel with a higher CoS normally expects to receive better treatment than
that of a tunnel with a lower CoS.
| Two Colors per tunnel: Packets within each tunnel are marked with one of
two colors: Green or Yellow. A congested MCS, by default, discards
Yellow packets before Green packets. The color of a packet is assigned by
the service policer at the source PE, after which it is indicated in special
bits called EXP in the Tunnel label. This color remains with the packet
until it leaves the MCS network towards the CE.
| Protection per tunnel: P2P and P2MP tunnels can be protected against a
failure of a link or node along their path, using pre-establishing backup
LSPs called bypass tunnels.
| Traffic Management per MCS: To ensure the QoS assigned to each P2P
or P2MP tunnel in the data plane, MCS applies advanced traffic
management (TM) mechanisms.
| OAM per tunnel: P2P and P2MP tunnel OAM allows verification that a
tunnel has correct connectivity and delivers the required availability and
QoS.
| CAC and Path Finding per tunnel (currently supported only via
LightSoft NMS): CAC verifies that there is enough bandwidth on the path
before a tunnel is established. If the bandwidth is insufficient, the new
tunnel is rejected. Path calculation finds out an optimal path for the tunnel
subject to user-preconfigured constraints such as bandwidth and explicit
path.
Traffic Manager
The MCS Traffic Manager (TM) ensures that each tunnel gets its assigned
bandwidth and other QoS parameters.
The TM works on the egress port, that is, after packet classification and right
before packets are transmitted into the MoT line. Each tunnel undergoes the
following TM functions:
| WRED at Tunnel, Class, and Port levels: Provides buffering and TCP-
friendly congestion management. Each tunnel is assigned a dedicated
queue to ensure that the traffic of one tunnel will not affect another tunnel,
this forms the basis for tunnel bandwidth guarantees in the MCS. Each
queue is assigned a WRED drop profile that consists of two WRED curves,
one for Green and one for Yellow-marked packets.
| Shaping at Class level: Each Class is assigned two rate limits, committed
(CIR) and peak (PIR). The CIR is automatically configured as:
Class CIR = Sum(Tunnel User BW)/CoS Booking Factor
where Tunnel User BW is the bandwidth configured by the user for the
tunnel and CoS Booking Factor is a user-configurable value per Class per
MCS to allow overbooking.
For example, if a Class in port contains 10 tunnels of 1Mbps and the CoS
Booking Factor is 2 then CIR=(10x1)/2=5Mbps.
Workflow
The basic workflow for provisioning MPLS XCs (tunnels) is:
1. Assign the PE ID. (Each XDM NE requires a unique PE ID.)
2. Configure port as MPLS MoT.
3. Create the MPLS XC for a selected MoT port or Switch.
4. Configure general, protection, and advanced MPLS XC parameters.
5. For P2MP XCs, first create the P2MP tunnel and then its subtunnels.
Assigning PE IDs
You need to assign the PE ID per each new XDM NE to which you want to
create MPLS XCs. (By default, the PE ID is set as 65535 and needs to be
changed per XDM NE.) You cannot assign MoT ports before defining the PE
ID.
If the NNI port is connected to a VSI (indicated by a traffic icon on the port)
before changing the port type, remove the VSI by deleting it in the VSI
Connections tab.
12. (Enabled when XC Role is Head or Transit) In the OUT area, choose the
relevant out-segment (SEG-OUT) parameters:
In the Out Port field, choose an option from the dropdown list
(displays a list of configured MoT ports).
In the Out MPLS Label field, type the relevant value.
In the Destination PE field, type the relevant value.
Field Description
Tunnel ID Tunnel ID for this XC, unique value per MPLS XC within
MCS.
Tunnel Name Tunnel name for this XC.
Customer Customer label configured for this XC.
NMS Tunnel ID NMS tunnel ID for this XC, unique value per tunnel within
MPLS network. Note: This parameter does not need to be
configured by the user.
CoS Class of Service of MPLS XC.
BW (Mb/s) Bandwidth of this XC.
Field Description
Role Role of this XC.
| For P2P XC: Head, Transit, or Tail
| For P2MP XCs: Head or Transit & Tail
Protection Type Protection type for this XC, can be either Protected,
Unprotected, or Bypass. For P2MP XCs this parameter is
configured per subtunnel.
Bypass Tunnel ID Tunnel ID of Bypass tunnel protecting this XC. Relevant only if
Protection type is Protected. For P2MP XCs this parameter is
configured per subtunnel. Out Port of the Protected tunnel must
be the Protected Port of the Bypass tunnel. Bypass tunnel must
have same CoS value as that of the Protected tunnel. Bypass
tunnel XC role must be Head.
In Port Incoming port. Must differ from Out Port when Role is Transit.
In Label Incoming label. Must equal Out Label when Role is Transit.
Must be unique within MCS.
Out Port Outgoing port. Must differ from In Port when Role is Transit.
Out Label Outgoing label. Must equal In Label when Role is Transit.
Tunnel Type Tunnel type (P2P or P2MP).
Source PE PE ID of Source PE of tunnel with which this XC is associated.
Not relevant for P2MP and Bypass tunnels. Cannot be current
MCS.
Destination PE PE ID of Destination PE of this XC. Not relevant for Bypass
tunnels. For P2MP XCs this parameter is configured per
subtunnel. Cannot be current MCS. Per P2MP XC, each
subtunnel must have different destination PE.
Bypass Protected Bypass tunnel protected port. Relevant only for Bypass Head
Port XC. Cannot be the Out Port of the Bypass tunnel.
Tunnel Usage | When Protection Type is Bypass: number of Protected XCs
Number using this XC for protection
| When Protection Type is Unprotected or Protected: number
of VSIs using this XC
(When you connect a VSI to a tunnel, the Tunnel Usage
Number changes in the MPLS XC Connections tab, see
Multicast VSI.)
Tunnel Oper State Current operational state of tunnel. State is down, when
determined so by tunnel OAM.
OAM State Enables OAM connection verification for this XC.
Enable PM Enables performance counting for this XC.
Viewing VSIs
You can view related VSIs and MPLS XCs.
When you connect a VSI to a tunnel in the VSI Connections > P2MP XC tab,
the Tunnel Usage Number changes in the MPLS XC Connections tab (for
example, from 0 to 1, indicating the VSI is connected to the tunnel), see
Multicast VSI.
| In the VSI Connections tab, double-click the relevant Rooted-MP Root
VSI row to open the P2MP XC tab, where you can view a list of P2MP
XCs (tunnels) used by the Rooted-MP Root VSI.
| In the Remote PE tab in the VSI window, you can add remote PEs to VSIs
and view tunnel connection details.
MPLS PM Counters
You can view MPLS tunnel PM current and history counters and PM threshold
profiles for the following tunnel objects for the MCS Switch:
| Tunnels (In/Out)
| VSI
| MCS Policers
Each EIS/EISM card has multiple Ethernet ports for direct connection to
customer sites (either directly or through a CLE), and functions as an
embedded Ethernet switch. The EIS/EISM card provides 10BaseT, 100BaseT
(Fast Ethernet), and GbE services.
EIS card types include:
| EIS2_8: consisting of two EoS and eight ETY ports (up to 4 x GbE ports),
and fits into slots of 2.5G or more
| EIS8_8: consisting of eight EoS and eight ETY ports (up to 4 x GbE ports),
and fits into slots of 5G
| EIS2_14: consisting of 2 EoS and 14 ETY ports (up to 4 x GbE ports), and
fits into slots of 2.5G or more
EISM card types include:
| EISM_208
| EISM_226
| EISM_244
| EISM_804
| EISM_840
In the EIS/EISM card, you can configure Layer 1 connections by associating
VCs with an EIS EoS port and then creating the necessary XCs in the XC
Browser. After Layer 1 connections have been made, you can create the Layer
2 flows over these XCs.
In the EoS Ports area, you can select which EoS port/VC-3/VC-4 summary to
view. Each port can support up to 21 VC-3 or 7 VC-4s. The VC Summary
area contains the following fields:
| Allocated: number of VCs allocated to the port
| Connected: number of VCs to which the EoS port is cross connected
| Payload Carrying: numerical value indicating activity
In the EIS/EISM/EISMB Card Internals View, you can also enable LCAS
protection.
EIS2_8 EIS2_8 EIS card with two GEoS ports on board (2xWAN
+ 8xLAN)
EIS8_8 EIS8_8 EIS card with two GEoS ports on board + 6 port
module (8xWAN + 8xLAN)
EIS2_14 EIS2_14 EIS card with two GEoS ports on board (2xWAN
+ 14xLAN)
ME_8 ME_8 Electrical interfaces module for EIS2_8,EIS8_8
(CCP)
ME_14 ME_14 Electrical interfaces module for EIS2_14 (CCP)
Optical Transceivers
MGEoS6 MGEoS6 GbE module x 6 WAN ports for EIS
MFE6 MFE6 D.B of the EIS LAN
EVTGFE EVTGbE Electrical, virtual transceiver GbE for EIS
EVTFE Electrical, virtual transceiver FE for EIS
OTFE OTFE Optical transceiver (SFP) - FE (100Mb) non-
OTFEN colored for EIS
OTGbE OTGbE_E Optical transceiver (SFP) - GbE (1.25G) non-
colored for EIS
You can view granularity settings in the Info window of VCG Src or Snk
objects of selected EIS/EISM EoS ports.
Removing VCs
You can remove VCs in the EIS/EISM Card Internals View.
To remove VCs:
1. To remove a specific VC, in the EIS/EISM Card Internals View, in the
Port area, select the VC to be removed, right-click, and on the shortcut
menu, select Remove VC from Rate.
OR
To remove multiple VCs, in the Port area, select one VC and then select
Configuration > Select All.
All the allocated VCs in the Port area are highlighted in blue.
2. Select Configuration > Remove VCs from Rate. A confirmation window
opens, prompting you to confirm the deletion.
3. Click Yes to confirm. A confirmation message appears, indicating that the
port configuration is successful, and the selected VCs are removed from the
rate.
Creating LAGs
You can create LAGs.
To create a LAG:
| In the EIS/EISM Card Internals View, select an EoS port, right-click, and
on the shortcut menu, select LAG Enable > Enable.
The selected port becomes the master port of the LAG. The LAG ID is
identical to the ID of the master port. (The LAG ID label generally appears
below the slave port.)
EMS-XDM determines the VLAN set of the LAG from the master port.
The configuration of the port must be validated before adding it to a LAG.
Note that any subsequent member added (that is, the second port) cannot
have any VLANs configured on it.
3. Click Yes to confirm. The slave port with LAG (followed by a number)
appears in the EIS/EISM Card Internals View. The Path Cost Update
window opens, confirming that the action was performed successfully, and
prompting you to update the default path cost for the selected EoS port.
When you create a LAG, the bandwidth of the path increases, thereby
necessitating a change in the default path cost of the port. By default, the
displayed path cost value is calculated according to the following formula
that correlates to the VCs that are active in the EoS port:
PortPathCost = 200,000,000 for RateInMbs = 0, (VC-3 = 50M and VC-4 =
150M otherwise:
PortPathCost = 1000*INT(20,000/RateInMBs)
4. To edit the default path cost of the selected EIS/EISM EoS port, in the
Ethernet EoS Port field, type a new default path cost value.
5. Click Apply to update the new default path cost. A confirmation message
window opens, confirming that the path cost was updated successfully.
6. Click Close to close the message window. In the EIS/EISM Card
Internals View, the second LAG (slave) port member appears.
The Layer 2 cards in each XDM in the network are connected to each other via
Network to Network Interface (NNI) ports. These NNI ports can serve either
for dedicated traffic for specific customers or as a shared core for multiple
customers. The cards support two interface categories:
| ETY ports: physical Ethernet interfaces residing on the card or in the
modules cage. These ports may be configured as User to Network Interface
(UNI) ports or as NNI ports to client equipment.
| EoS ports: Ethernet over SDH ports which provide connections to the
SDH side. EoS ports may be configured as NNI ports to provide
connectivity between EISMB and MCS cards, or as UNI ports to provide a
connection to remote ETY ports.
The following figure shows a typical EISMB Card Internals window, with 4
ETY electrical ports, 8 EoS ports, and no optical ports.
Operations available for EIS/EISM and DIO cards are also available for
EISMB cards.
Card operations performed from the ATS are done in keeping with
conventional EMS-XDM practices. Thus, you can view card information and
current alarms, as well as handle XCs and maintenance procedures using
standard EMS-XDM procedures. The only restriction when setting up an XC is
that you cannot set up VC-4-to-AU-4 connections (as can be done on an SIO
card), as no AU-4s are available on the ATS card.
In this chapter:
Overview ......................................................................................................... 5-1
Optical Card and Module Naming Conventions ............................................. 5-2
40/80 Channel Systems ................................................................................... 5-3
Power Control Configuration .......................................................................... 5-3
Optical Transponders and Combiners ............................................................. 5-8
Optical Amplifiers ......................................................................................... 5-45
Mux/DeMux Components ............................................................................. 5-46
OADM/ROADMs ......................................................................................... 5-58
OFA Cards (OFA-2, OFA_M, and OFA-R) .................................................. 5-76
OPM Card Internals ....................................................................................... 5-84
OMSP Card Internals..................................................................................... 5-86
Optical Accessories and Auxiliary Components ........................................... 5-88
DCM Card Information ................................................................................. 5-92
Auxiliary Card Internals ................................................................................ 5-93
Overview
This section discusses how to use EMS-XDM to configure and manage optical
cards, including:
| Optical transponders and combiners.
| Optical amplifiers
| Passive and smart Mux/DeMux, VMUX/DeMux, and C/DWDM Mux and
DeMux components.
| OADM cards
| ROADM cards
| OPM cards
| OMSP cards
| Optical accessories and auxiliary components.
| DCM cards
| Auxiliary cards
For a comprehensive list of cards and their descriptions, see the XDM-1000
Product Line Reference Manual.
Configuration options are accessed via the EMS-XDM Card Internals View
window. The Card Internals view varies according to the card type. For general
information about how to access the Card Internals window, see the EMS-
XDM Getting Started & Administration Guide.
Optical networks are designed to carry tens of wavelengths on the same optical
fiber. The basic design assumes that the optical parameters of all elements on
the network are constant and steady. These parameters include:
| Span losses of optical fibers
| Insertion loss of passive optical components such as filters, switches, and
isolators
| Gain of amplifiers
| Optical parameters of other devices
As long as these parameters are constant in the network, the network will
support the NOC required. If this stability could be guaranteed, there would be
no need for automatic control of optical power in the network. However, since
some parameters (mainly, but not only, optical fiber span losses) are subject to
changes over time, methods have been devised to overcome these changes in
the network. This section describes the methods implemented in XDM optical
networks.
The power per channel (PPC) must be maintained at a constant value, defined
during initial network design (power budget design). The following rules must
be observed:
| Aggregate power of all channels present in any span of the network should
not exceed the maximum output power at the output of any amplifier
| PPC must bridge the span and arrive at the receiver input with an
appropriate margin, both from the minimum sensitivity and overload values
| Power of a single channel must be high enough to drive the amplifiers in
the span
During the initial configuration stage of the network, all variable optical
attenuators in the network must be set manually to achieve the required PPC in
every point in the network.
From this point on, several scenarios are possible:
| Unwanted or unexpected change of span loss: May occur for any reason
(for example, the optical fiber is bent). There are two options for handling
this situation:
Do not take any consequent actions in the network. Result: All traffic
passing through this section is expected to have some degradation.
Traffic not passing through this span should not be affected.
Automatically compensate for the change in the span loss by using the
margins planned for such occasions. Result: The amplifier gain is
changed so that the total span loss returns to the original value. For this
automatic mode, the system must be able to detect a real change in the
span loss without error. Otherwise, a miscalculated compensation
occurs, which may affect all traffic in the network.
| Fiber cut: In such cases, there is no way to save the traffic passing through
this span, but traffic in the remaining spans must not be affected. The best
option is to take no consequent actions in the network. The system must not
detect (mistakenly) a change of span loss in any other span in the network.
| Addition or deletion of optical trails: The system must not detect
(mistakenly) these actions as a change of span loss in any span in the
network. This should not influence the normal operation of the existing
channels.
These methods are implemented in XDM optical amplifiers (OFA cards) and
Add/Drop devices (OADM cards and VMUX card operating in OADM mode).
There is also a switch that activates or shuts down the tracking mechanism.
This switch is the Tracking Enable Configurable attribute.
The tracking attributes include:
Tracking Tolerance (measured diode in NE)
Tracking Limit (measured diode in NE)
Number of Preceding Elements (measured diode in NE)
Basic HOT (measured diode in NE)
Total HOT (Basic HOT multiplied by number of previous spans. Holds
off tracking mechanism to prevent oscillations in network)
MIP (dBm) (measured diode in NE)
Required Correction (calculated required correction)
Actual Loss from Previous Amplifier (calculated actual loss)
Automatic Tracking (measured diode in NE, Enables/disables
automatic tracking)
| Card behavior algorithm
When there is a change between the tracking tolerance and tracking limit,
the tracking mechanism adjusts the power level of the added channels in an
OADM or VMUX, and the gain of an OFA, to compensate for the
difference.
If the input power decreases following an increase in the span attenuation
(loss), the OADM or VMUX decreases the power of the added channels to
bring them in line with the incoming channels to equalize the output
spectrum. This decreases the power level of all the channels that proceed to
the next hop. A constant power budget should be maintained throughout the
network. Therefore, the OFA located after such an OADM increases its
gain and restores the PPC to its output at the previous level.
| Detection of span loss changes
All cards (OADM, VMUX, OFA-2, and OFA_M) contain the same reliable
mechanism for detecting a change in the span loss that may cause a change
in the incoming power.
Each card has a photodiode for measuring the total incoming power and a
set of parameters for calculating the expected total power. The total noise in
the line is determined from the current NOC, PPC, and actual NOA.
The card software compares the actual incoming power with the expected
power and monitors the difference. As long as the NOC and NOA are
updated, the comparison reflects the exact changes in span loss, if they
exist. Currently, updating the NOC and NOA is not done automatically. For
each card, the NOC and NOA is calculated at its output, taking into account
the incoming NOC, NOA, LOS, and possible Add and Drop channels that
it may have.
Network Setup
The functionality of the Power Control mechanism is defined for different
stages of an optical network life cycle as follows:
| Network installation and setup
| Normal operation
| Abnormal operation, fault detection, tracking, and fixing
The NEs are set for power control one by one, beginning at the segment start
point.
All transponders and combiners are intended for operation in DWDM systems.
They can also be equipped with CWDM optical transceiver plug-ins on their
client side ports to enable direct interworking with CWDM equipment, such as
in the XDM-100 product line.
TRP10
TRP10 cards have only two optical modules, while TRP25 cards have four
modules. In TRP10 cards, the same optical module performs the Tx and Rx
functions; in TRP25 cards, Tx and Rx functions are performed on separate
optical modules. The TRP10_2 card is bidirectional. TRP10 cards are based on
CHTR_B base card.
TRP25
The TRP25_4AD and TRP25_4REG cards are also bidirectional and each
contains two transponders for a total of four channels, with each transponder
having one Add and one Drop channel. Each of its transponders works
independently. TRP25_4AD cards act as Add/Drop devices, while
TRP25_4REG cards act as regenerators. Collectively, these cards implement
the G.709 standard for bidirectional channels and constantly enabled FEC.
These cards can be used to transfer only STM-16 clients.
TRP40
The TRP40_2 card functions in either of two modes: transponder or
regenerator mode. Regenerator mode requires a hardware configuration of two
TRP40_2 cards installed side by side and an optical fiber connected from the
client port of the left card to the client port of the right card. When one of the
cards is assigned to regenerator mode, the second is automatically assigned in
the next legal slot. When configuring the card in the EMS-XDM, the card is
divided into two sides, each side must be configured separately. In the EMS-
XDM Card Setup window, the configuration of the two cards is displayed in
separate sections. Each section must be configured separately.
TRP40_2 slot assignment locations are described in the following table:
The Application Template field shows the name of the file where the
attributes set in the current window can be stored or retrieved. The
store/retrieval operation can be done from the File menu.
6. To assign a transceiver:
a. In the relevant Port area, click Assignment. The Slot Assignment
window opens. Transceivers are grouped by service in the Assignment
list.
b. Select the relevant transceiver from the list and click Apply.
c. From the Card Setup window you can also modify the following
fields:
Channel Frequency
Application Code
ALS: select On or Off
FEC: select FEC or EFEC, as applicable. Note: The EFEC option
is EFEC I8, and is applicable for line channels only.
CSF mode: LAN configuration only.
LF/RF mode: LAN configuration only.
d. Repeat for all transceivers that you require.
7. Click . The changes are applied. The objects created following the
transceiver assignment are displayed in the Card Internals view window.
The objects displayed vary according to the client type selected.
Protocol Bitrate
Fiber Channel 2.12 Gbps
Fiber Channel 1.0625 Gbps
Fiber Channel 531 Mbps
Fiber Channel 266 Mbps
Fiber Channel 133 Mbps
FDDI 100 Mbps
FICON 1.0625 Gbps
ESCON 200 Mbps
Fast Ethernet 100 Mbps
FDI 270 Mbps
Serial Digital HDTV 1.485 Gbps
ADC digital audio 2.38 Gbps
ADC digital audio 1.3 Gbps
ADC digital audio 595 Mbps
ADC digital audio 148.75 Mbps
User Selected Bitrate 50 Mbps to 2.7 Gbps
The OMTX10_LAN module resides at the CHTR card as the client side 10
GbE LAN interface in the I/O slots of the XDM 500/1000/2000 shelves. The
line side is 10.7G OTU2 optical interface for OTN networks.
Features of the module include:
| Transparent mapping of 10 GbE_LAN Ethernet optical interface into
standard OTN-ODU2 container in two mapping modes
| Mode NPS (No Preamble and SFD) supporting G.8021 requirements
| Mode WPS (With Preamble and SFD) - supporting transparent mapping of
the Preamble bytes as well as SFD byte, using OTN-OPU unused OH bytes
| Supporting G.709 OTN-ODU2 termination, alarms, and PM collection
| Supporting RMON of the incoming 10 GbE LAN signal according to
R2GFC819 requirements
| Traffic protection based on OTN-ODU2 path layer quality
| Control by the XMCP via CHTR card uP interface
| XFP transceiver hot insertion and extraction
Field Description
Comment Displays additional information about card. Enter text.
Expected Channel Numerical value of expected frequency (in THz) of channel.
(THz) Range is expressed in ITU-T G.694. Card accepts value if it is
within its capability; otherwise, Mismatch alarm is generated.
Expected Channel can be either Base Channel or an adjacent
channel (calculated using Space and NOC). Info items are
available only for color Optical Modules (OM). Select option
from dropdown list.
Scan Period (minutes) Time interval of scan period (in minutes).
Attenuation Value Attenuation value.
Attenuation Value #2 Second attenuation value.
APR Back Reflection Automatic Power Reduction back reflected power/pumps Tx
Ratio Threshold power. Options: -14 to -27, where default is -23.
APR Duration after Automatic Power Reduction after Loss of Signal.
LOS Options 2-11 sec (default).
Field Description
Equipment Actual Lists card type that system expects to see in card slot (as listed in
Type/Equipment EMS-XDM database) and type actually installed. If actual type
Expected Type differs from expected type, Card Mismatch alarm is reported.
Operational State Operation state. Options:
| Enabled: operating properly.
| Disabled: not operating due to, for example, card reset or
power supply failure on card.
Usage State Usage state. Options:
| Idle: currently no XC on object.
| Active: XC on object.
| Busy: XCs have reached full card capacity.
4. Fill in the PCS Rx Mode field, as described in the following table. Note,
when in test mode the Rubicon device transmits towards the OTN, GFP
Idle frames automatically.
Field Description
PCS Rx Mode PCS Rx (receiving) mode: Normal or Test (default Normal).
Field Description
PM Profile PCS PM profile.
PCS Status PCS status: Operational or Non-operational.
BlockLock Blocking status. Options: Block Sync or Block Non-sync.
Note: Block Lock is in Sync state when receiver acquires block
delineation.
Combiner cards must be used in pairs, with the same type of card employed on
both sides of the link. For example, if a CMBR25_2 card is used on one side of
the link, it must be used on the other side as well.
Four combiner cards are available in EMS-XDM, including the CMBR25_2
and CCMB25 for 2.66 Gbps, and the CMBR10 and CMBR10D for 10.709
Gbps. These cards support the following options:
| CMBR25_2: two modules of 2 x GbE/FC/FICON with 2.66 Gbps line and
OMSC25_2D optical module
| CCMB25: 2 x GbE/FC/FICON with 2.66 Gbps line
| CBMR10: 4 x STM-16 to 10.709 Gbps line
| CMBR10D: 8 x GbE/FC/FICON (any combination) to 10.709 Gbps line
Each combiner card contains two tabs: an Aggregate tab for signal aggregation
and a Client tab that includes all client ports available for aggregation.
The Aggregate tab contains SDH and OCH objects. The Client tab is
comprised of data objects that are cross connected to form a single SDH
aggregate stream.
When you select an AU-4 object in the Aggregate tab, it is displayed as a
logical VC-4 object in the Client tab. Combiner windows use ovals to denote
logical placeholder objects that do not actually exist. These logical objects are
"created" as part of the cross connection definition process on the card. Info
windows for these logical objects are not available, nor are there any alarm
indications shown on these objects.
Each combiner card contains one or more subequipment modules. Both
aggregate and client sides exist for all modules on the card. For some cards, the
client also uses the module displayed for the aggregate.
The two modules on the CMBR25_2 card are displayed in the Aggregate tab,
while the transceivers are shown in the Client tab. This card has two aggregate
outputs of 2.66 Gbps each, with each aggregate corresponding to one of the
modules on the card.
Only HO XCs are configured on combiner cards. The organization between
client and aggregate ports is fixed, and therefore XCs for them cannot be
defined.
All Combiner cards use ODU (Optical channel Data Unit) for end-to-end
protection switching. ODU is the OTN path layer used for end-to-end path
supervision of the optical channel carrying a given service (STM-16, STM-64,
10 GbE LAN, and so on). ODU supports both far and near end PM, alarm
indicators, TTIs, and communication channels. ODU also supports
multiplexing of 4 x ODU1 streams into ODU2, enabling transparent
aggregation of 2.5 Gbps services into a single 10 Gbps wavelength. The XDM
supports two ODU rates: ODU1 for 2.5 Gbps service (STM-16) and ODU2 for
10 Gbps services (STM-64 and 10 GbE LAN). ODU1 and ODU2 functionality
is incorporated into the following modules:
| ODU1 mapping is supported in CMBR25_2 and CMBR25D cards.
| ODU2 mapping is supported in CMBR10D, CMBR10, and CMBR10_B
cards.
| Both ODU1 and ODU2 mapping and multiplexing are supported in
CMBR10_T cards and in TRP cards.
| Client tabs: All ports are assigned as OT_GBE7 by default. You can
change their assignment to OT_STM-16, OT_OTU1, OT_GBE7,
OT_GBE8, OT_1GFC or OT_2GFC. The GBE7, GBE-8, FC-1, and FC-2
services include one SPO master (TTP). The STM-16 and OTU1 services
can include up to 16 SPO masters (CTP), configurable them from the XC
Browser. The 4 ports of the STM-16, OTU1 and FC-2 services are
dedicated 1,3,5, and 7. The head unit of each service includes:
GBE/FC service GFP, OPI and GBE/FC objects.
OTU1 service ODU1, OCH and OPS objects.
STM-16 service MS, RS, and OPI objects.
Ungrouping is done from the Card Internals window, activated from the
Configuration menu or from the right-click shortcut menu of the SPO master.
The following figure shows the AoC_ADM Card Internals View - Aggregate
tab.
Optical Amplifiers
Optical amplifiers are used to amplify optical signals at various locations along
an optical line. ECI Telecom offers optical amplifiers in different physical
forms (cards, modules, and plug ins for auxiliary modules, depending on the
shelf where they are installed), and different technologies. For a complete list
of supported amplifiers, see the XDM System Specifications.
Mux/DeMux Components
This section details the following:
Passive Mux/DeMux Components (on page 5-46)
Smart Mux/DeMux Components (on page 5-47)
VMUX/DeMux Cards (on page 5-48)
C/DWDM Mux and Demux Card Internals (on page 5-56)
VMUX/DeMux Cards
The smart 40 channel C band VMUX/DeMux card:
| Incorporates capabilities of a standard Mux and functionality of a VMUX
combined with a DeMux
| Fits into three slots in the modules cage.
| Has individual variable attenuators in series with each Mux adding input.
These attenuators are controlled by the management station.
| Connectors are arranged in two columns (or groups) of four channels each:
DeMux drop output connectors on the left hand side
Mux add input connectors on the right hand side (corresponding to
DeMuxes)
Channel numbers are marked on a label located to the left of each
group. The 40 channel numbers available on this card range from 21 to
60.
Lowest group of connectors has DeMux LINE IN and Mux LINE OUT
connectors, and associated MON IN and MON OUT connectors.
| MO_DW40VMD: provides all the functionality of a Mux, VMUX, and
DeMux in one card designed for the modules cage. This card covers 40
channels of the C band, with 100 GHz grid spacing.
VMUX/DeMux Modules
Table 5-19: VMUX/DeMux modules on XDM-40/400/500/1000 shelves
3. To set multiple channels, in the Selected Column (on the right), select the
relevant checkboxes.
4. In the Power Change area (on the left, do one of the following:
Select Set Selected, in the dropdown list, select an option (2.0 to 22.0).
OR
Select Increment Selected or Decrement Selected, in the dropdown
list, select an option (0.0 to 20.0).
OR
Click Select All or Deselect All to select/deselect all in the Selected
column, in the dropdown list select the relevant option.
5. Click the Set button. The new values appear in the New Setting (dBm)
column.
6. Click to apply the changes.
Field Description
Port Number Port number
Channel (THz) Channel frequency (in THz)
Activation Channel activation
Actual Power (dBm) Actual channel power (in dBm)
Current Setting (dBm) Current setting (in dBm)
New Setting (dBm) New setting (in dBm)
Selected Select the checkboxes to select the channels.
Attribute Description
Tracking Tolerance Input power changes lower than this value are ignored. Those
(dBm) above but lower than Tracking Limit cause the tracking
mechanism to adjust amplifier gain and generate Input Power
change warning. In OADM and VMUX cards, input power of
added channels is adjusted instead of gain. Options: 0.1 to 5 in
0.1 increments; default 0.5.
Tracking Limit (dBm) Input power changes above this limit are not tracked and
Tracking Limit Exceeded alarm is generated. Tracking Limit
cannot be set at minimum value that overlaps (that is, is lower
than) Tracking Tolerance. For example, if Tracking Tolerance
is set to 1 dB, Tracking Limit cannot be set below this value.
Options: 0 to 10 in 0.1 increments; default 3.0.
Number of Preceding Number of active (responding) elements preceding current
Elements one. This value multiplies Basic HOT value to obtain Total
HOT value. Options: 0 to 20; default 0.
Attribute Description
Basic Holdoff Time Serves as basis for Total HOT calculation (see next
(Sec.) parameter). Options: 0.5 or 1; default 0.5.
Total Holdoff Time Every element in segment needs time to respond to changes in
(Sec.) power control. Minimum response time is set at Basic HOT
value. Actual HOT is number of spans times Basic HOT.
Holds off tracking mechanism to prevent oscillations in
network. (Read only)
Number of Channels Total number of channels (NOC; carriers) present at input of
In an element (actor). For amplifiers, this is also number of
channels present at output. For OADM and VMUX cards,
values may differ. Options: 0 to 40; default 0.
Number of Previous Total number of amplifiers (NOA) preceding point of setup.
Amplifiers Count starts at beginning of segment. Options: 0 to 15; default
0.
Power per Channel Expected power per channel (PPC) at output of previous
Previous Amp Out amplifier. Options: -15 to +15 in 0.1 increments; default 0.
(dBm)
Expected Loss from Expected loss of power (ELpa); measures input power from
Previous Amp (dB) last amplifier output until PD of subject card (ELpa). Options:
0 to 35 in 0.1 increments; default 3.0.
Average Gain of Amplifiers set throughout segment may each have a different
Previous Amplifiers amplifying capability (gain), and therefore a different noise
(dB) generation (noise figure) and amplification characteristic.
Average gain is used to simplify setup calculation. Options: 10
to 30 in 0.1 increments; default 23.
Expected Input Power Expected incoming (composite) power. Calculated from
(EIP) (dBm) previous parameters. (Read only)
Measured Input Power Actual power level measured at element input.
(MIP) (dBm)
Required Correction Difference between MIP and EIP, after traffic passes through
(dB) limits and HOT filter (and tracking is enabled).
Actual Loss from Actual loss (ALpa; a calculated value), as opposed to
Previous Amp (dB) Expected Loss from Previous Amplifier.
Expected Output Sum of EIP and Required Gain.
Power (dBm)
Measured Output Actual output power of device.
Power (dBm)
Tracking Enables/disables automatic tracking of incoming power
changes for all added channels.
MIP Monitor In VMUX cards, site input power is taken from DeMux (on
Percentage (%) opposite side) through a fiber patchcord. This value should be
set manually, according to reading taken from DeMux Info
window. Monitor percentage is used to calibrate VMUX MIP
calculation. Options: 0 to 100, in 0.01 increments;
default 1.25.
The power control alarms are related to the power control object itself. You can
view them in the Power Control Object Alarm Severity window.
OADM/ROADMs
This section includes the following:
| OADM Card Internals (on page 5-58)
| MO_ROADM Card Internals (on page 5-64)
| ROADM8A (on page 5-71)
NOTE:
| OADM1AB only drops/adds one channel and therefore
only shows one channel in its Card Internals View
window.
| MO_OADMxx cards must be inserted in the modules cage
before they can be assigned.
The OADM Card Internals View window uses the general EMS-XDM
conventions, with the following exceptions:
| The read-only Frequency (THz) in fields displays the frequency of each of
the four channels that are added/dropped by the OADM.
| The Optical Physical Section (OPS) objects used to add/drop the four
channels are displayed beneath the Optical Multiplex Section (OMS)
objects. Arrows and the words Drop or Add are displayed directly above
the OPS objects to indicate the functionality of the objects.
| The directions of the channels passed through the Optical Transmission
Section (OTS) objects of the OADM card are displayed next to each object.
You can change the display view of the OADM Card Internals View window
to mirror the current view, which is useful when you want the view to reflect
the actual orientation of the incoming/outgoing direction of traffic.
2. Click . The Info window for the selected power control object opens.
3. On the File menu, click Open Attenuation Window. The Attenuation
Control window opens.
The tracking mechanism in OADM cards controls the output power of the
added channels only. The output power of the added channels either tracks
the changes in the power of the incoming signals or stays fixed (tracking
on/off). The required output power of every Add channel is always the
sum, in dB, of a basic power and the required correction. The basic power
can either be set directly (manually), or it can be automatically calculated
based on several parameters. In addition, you can differentiate the output
powers of the different channels by a certain offset given individually to
each of them. Use of the calculated mode is strongly recommended.
Field Description
Port Type Port type per assigned OTRx module (in MO_ROADM Card
Internals window).
| Single: for OTRx_1 (default transceiver type)
| Multichannel: for OTRx_40
Read-only
Default Power Default power.
(dBm) Read-only
Power Offset (-5 to Power offset in range of -5 to 10 dBm.
10 dB)
Target Power Sum of Default Power + Power Offset.
(dBm) Read-only
Number of Number of channels configured by selecting checkboxes.
Channels Read-only
3. In the Power per Channel (dBm) area, in the Configured field, choose an
option in the dropdown list.
4. In the Base Power Source area, in the Configured field, choose an option
in the dropdown list (Calculated or Manual). (Relevant only for
MO_ROADM40) To change power settings:
a. In the Power Change area, select the relevant options (Set Selected,
Increment Selected, Decrement Selected).
b. Select the value from the dropdown list.
c. Select the relevant checkboxes in the table on the right (or click Select
All to select all checkboxes).
d. Click Set.
5. In the New Offset Value (dB) column, choose an option in the dropdown
list.
6. To change the NOC assigned to a multichannel port, select the relevant
row, and in the NOC New Add Value column, choose an option in the
dropdown list (range 0-40).
7. Click Apply. The changes are applied.
Configuring DGE
EMS-XDM supports Dynamic Gain Equalization (DGE) modules, including
MO_DGE40/E/I with OTRx_E extension optical transceivers to maintain
power equalization on the optical fiber.
You can install the DGE module at any point on the fiber to equalize the
incoming ports so that they are transmitted with equal wavelengths.
You can configure MO_DGE40/E/I optical channels (and extend the channel
mode from 40 to 80) in the same manner as for the MO_ROADM8/E/I cards.
ROADM8A
The ROADM8A requires a 2GB MCP card, and occupies two CCP slots. It is
supported by the XDM-1000 only.
When assigning the ROADM8A for the first time the local port, the line port,
and a single degree are assigned automatically (local and line ports are
permanent ports and cannot be unassigned). Up to four degree ports can be
cross connected with the line port for each channel. If more than one port per
channel is defined, a main (default) port must be assigned. SNCP Protection is
created when cross connecting 2-4 ports with the line port.
6. To assign a channel for a port, click the relevant port once. By default, the
first channel selected becomes the main channel. When selecting multiple
ports for a single channel, double-click the port that you want to define as
main. The letter D (Default) is displayed on the main port entry. An XC
object automatically appears in the matrix at the bottom of the Card
Internals window, for each channel with a XC assigned.
3. In the Maintenance Mode field, select the maintenance action you want to
perform (Lockout Port, Force (to port),or Switch (to port)) and select the
port to which you want to switch in the Maintenance Port field.
4. View the fields, as shown in the following table. For more information
about the general Info window parameters, see Viewing and Modifying NE
Data. When modifying an OFA_R card configuration parameter, a
confirmation window opens, warning that the operation may affect traffic
and eye safety.
5. Click Yes to confirm the changes.
The following tables describe the Info window configuration and status
parameters unique to OFA_R cards. (Only Configurators can edit fields in the
Info window.)
Field Description
Pump Enabled Whether pump is Enabled or Disabled.
Fiber Type Effects pumps power ratio for flat amplification. Options:
| Leaf (default)
| True-wave
| G.652
| G.654
APR Duration (Relevant only for FW mode) Automatic Power Reduction after
after LOS Loss of Signal. Options: 2-11 sec (default).
Field Description
Tilt Control Changes default ratio between pumps power (as defined per specific
fiber type) by selected value. Options: (minuses)---, --, -, (default),
and (pluses) +, ++, +++.
APR using (Relevant only for BW mode) Options: Enable or Disable (default).
Dithering
SCV with ALS Supervisory Channel with Automatic Laser Shutdown. Options: Yes
or No (default).
When "Yes", attenuation of both SVC and C band does not cause
shutdown of amplifier, as SVC has its own ALS activated.
Mandatory to change modes when SVC without ALS is on link (for
example, Telicphil 50 dB link).
Back Reflection Options: -14 to -27, where default is -23.
Ratio Threshold
Field Description
APR Enable Current APR operation, Enabled or Disabled. (Read only)
Monitor Offset (in dB) given to measured input power to enable
Attenuation (dB) compensation for 2.5 % and 5% difference in power. (Read only)
Last Measured Back reflected power/pumps Tx power. Options: 14 to -40 (when
Back Reflection less than -40, warning message appears). (Read only)
APR State Automatic Power Reduction state. Appears in Alarm tab of Info
window: Stand By, Active 1, Active 2, Active 3, Active 4, Active
5, or Active 6. (Read only)
You can view base gain source and required gain frequencies and set
configuration options.
Channel Selection
You can configure the channels for which each of the OPS objects collects PM
data.
To select channels:
1. In the OPM Card Internals View, select the object and select
Configuration > Channel Selection. The Channel Selection window for
the selected object opens, displaying a box for each of the relevant
wavelengths. Boxes that correspond to channels selected for PM appear
pressed in.
2. Click a channel once to select it (or click a selected channel once to clear
it). When the selection status of a channel has been changed (selected or
cleared), its box appears in blue.
3. To confirm the channel selection, select File > Update.
4. To cancel all channel selection changes and revert to the last saved
configuration, select File > Clear All.
Splitter/Coupler Modules
Table 5-41: Splitter/Couplers on XDM-40/400/500/1000 shelves
The slot assignment procedure for the AUX card modules is the same
procedure as described previously.
(For some of the modules installed in the AUX card, an additional Card
Internals View can be accessed.)
These AUX module internal views are completely static, with no dynamic
information displayed, showing a schematic view of the module for
informational purposes only.
In this chapter:
Overview ......................................................................................................... 6-1
Configuring ASON ACP Cards ....................................................................... 6-2
AURORA-G Encryption Card....................................................................... 6-23
Card and Internal XDM Objects Configuration ............................................ 6-25
Overview
This section discusses how to use EMS-XDM to configure and manage ASON
ACP cards and AURORA-G Encryption cards. This section also provides
details about card and Internal object configuration.
For a comprehensive list of cards and their descriptions, see the XDM-1000
Product Line Reference Manual.
Configuration options are accessed via the EMS-XDM Card Internals View
window. The Card Internals view varies according to the card type. For general
information about how to access the Card Internals window, see the EMS-
XDM Getting Started and Administration Guide.
For details of ASON software requirements and hardware compatibility see the
ASON User Manual.
When assigning a new SIO card, these features enable links to be discovered,
validated, and included in the ASON network automatically. If you are
introducing the ASON to an existing network, each link that you want to
associate to the ASON domain must be associated manually (see Associating
ASON Links to the ASON Domain (on page 6-20)). If you assign an SIO card
to an NE after the ACP card is assigned and configured, all links on the SIO
card are automatically associated with the ASON domain.
NOTES:
The control plane and the data plane can utilize the same
DCN network if required.
When working with a DCN network for the control plane,
ASON protection is only provided when the DCN is
running. The DCN must therefore be adequately protected
against failure. DCN protection is out of the scope of this
document.
Configuring an NE Gateway
If you want to use DCC (Data Communication Channel) as the media for
traversing control plane signaling messages to and from an ACP card, the NE
that contains the ACP card must be configured as a gateway. This step is
required because a port must be opened on the MECP card to enable
information to be carried to the ACP card via an Ethernet connection. It is only
possible to open a port on the MECP card when the NE is configured as a
gateway.
Every NE for which the SCN passes one of its DCCs must be configured as a
gateway. When configuring an NE as a gateway, a static route toward the ACP
must be added.
Before configuring the gateway, connect the ACP card to the MECP card as
described in the following table.
XDM type From ACP card Cable type To card type and port
port type:
XDM-3000/ MECP port via Ethernet cable Management port of MECP
XDM-1000/ card
XDM-500
XDM-300 ECU port via Ethernet cable Management port of ECU
card
XDM-100 ECU port via Ethernet cable Management port of ECU
card
For details of how to assign an ACP card to a slot, see Manual Slot Assignment
(on page 2-2).
2. In the Attribute New Value column, enter the relevant values for the
following attributes:
ASON Section ID (optional): In the event that there are two or more
ASON sections within an ECI Telecom network that are connected via
non-ASON sections, distinguish between the different ASON sections
by giving each one its own unique Section ID. If only one ASON
section exists on your network, use the default value (0).
ACP IP Address (required): The main address of the ACP card. Once
this value is assigned, it cannot be changed unless the card is
unassigned and then reassigned.
ACP Subnet Mask (required).
Ethernet Port IP Address (required).
Ethernet Port Subnet Mask (required).
ACP Default Gateway (optional).
3. The next steps in ACP card configuration vary, depending on whether the
control plane network is using an in-band or out-of-band DCN, as follows:
In-band DCN, utilizing DCC and GCC Channels (continue to "When
Using an In-Band DCN" on page 6-14).
Out-of-band DCN configuration, deployed using devices that are
external to the NE network (continue to "When Using an Out-of-Band
Network" on page 6-16).
5. From the Routing window, click Configuration > Create. The Add New
Route window opens.
3. In the Attribute New Value column, enter values for the following
attributes:
RSVP Hello Interval (msec) (default value = 150): Each ACP sends
out an RSVP Hello message to its neighboring ACPs at the defined
time interval. If several such periods elapse without a message being
received, the ACP is considered to be down.
RSVP Refresh Interval (min) (default value = 10): Keep alive
messages for the ASON trail's paths are sent at the defined time
interval.
OSPF Hello Interval (sec) (default value = 5): Each ACP sends an
OSPF Hello message to its OSPF neighbors at the defined time interval.
If several such periods elapse without a message being received, the
control channel towards the silent ACP is considered to be disabled.
Trail Restoration Attempts (default value = 3): The number of times
ASON attempts to find an alternative route in the event of a failure.
Trail WTR (min) (default value = 6): The amount of time that the
system waits after a physical connection is repaired before it reverts the
trail back to its original path.
4. Click . The changes are saved and ACP card configuration is complete.
Now proceed to enable the MS RDI Alarm that is required to trigger
restoration.
3. In the Non-Rep column of the RDI alarm row, clear the checkbox, and
click Apply. The MS RDI alarm is enabled for that link. Repeat these steps
for each link that you want to include in the ASON domain.
Now proceed to associate the ASON link(s) to the ASON domain.
1. From the Shelf View of the EMS-XDM, double-click the SIO card. The
Slot window opens.
2. Ensure that no TIM alarm is shown on the RS Src of the port to which the
link connects (see Trace Identifier Mismatch (TIM) in the EMS-XDM User
Guide).
3. Ensure that the TIM alarm is in inhibition mode (cancel consequent action
for TIM alarm). See Assigning Severity Profiles to Objects in the EMS-
XDM User Manual.
Launching EMS-AURORA
You can launch EMS-AURORA from the Shelf View. Users with configurator
rights can assign AURORA-G cards to the EMS-XDM shelf and configure its
parameters (such as management IP address code).
To launch EMS-AURORA:
1. In the Shelf View, assign the AURORA-G card to the slot.
2. Select the AURORA-G card and click to open its Info window, and in
the Configuration tab assign the IP address code.
3. In the Shelf View, double-click the AURORA-G card to open EMS-
AURORA.
EMS-AURORA opens, displaying a row showing the relevant AURORA-
G card information and the its management port IP address.
(When you double-click a second AURORA-G card in the EMS-XDM
shelf, the EMS-AURORA opens displaying a second row showing that
card's information.
AURORA-G operates in two modes: Encryption and Bypass, selectable in
EMS-AURORA. In Bypass mode there is no layer 2 encryption. The
AURORA_fail alarm is raised and reported as critical when the user in EMS-
AURORA enters Bypass mode.
The Sys Location parameter is a user configurable field to identify the location
of the specific AURORA-G card. EMS-AURORA uses this field content to
identify the source of alarms and events.
You can also perform the following operations on the AURORA-G card:
| Cold reset from EMS-XDM (warm reset not supported)
| Ping from EMS-AURORA
| Auto negotiation by plain text interface
| Auto negotiation restart for GbE ports
2. Click an object tab to view or modify the attributes of the object displayed
in that tab.
3. Click the Configuration tab to modify internal object attribute values by:
Modifying attribute values for a single object.
OR
Simultaneously modifying attribute values for multiple objects in the
Combined Info window: select objects from the various tabs in this
window, and with a single action, apply these changes at once. Make
the required attribute value changes to the objects in the window, and
click to apply the changes..
This action changes all the attributes marked for changes at the same time.
In addition, configurable object attributes can automatically be propagated
to other objects of the same object type by selecting the corresponding
checkbox in the Prop. column of this window.
VC-4 Concatenation
EMS-XDM supports concatenated VC-4s for high bitrate data services that
require transport of payloads that are higher than a single VC-4 capacity.
Concatenation is a procedure that associates multiple VCs together, resulting in
a combined capacity that can be used as a single container across which bit
sequence integrity is maintained. VC-4 concatenation is supported in the SDH
standard.
XDM NEs support VC-4-4c (4 x VC-4s) and VC-4-16c (16 x VC-4)
concatenated signals. This function is supported in SIO4, SIO16, SIO16-2, and
SIO64 cards.
The present release of the XDM NE supports the following methods for the
transport and cross connection of concatenated VC-4 signals:
| Virtual: this method is intended to provide support for high bitrate
services, through concatenated VC-4s, on networks that do not support
concatenated signals higher than AU-4.
The signal enters the XDM NE as a VC-4-Xc concatenated signal. The
XDM NE transforms the contiguous VC-4-Xc into 4 or 16 regular VC-4s.
The VC-4s that comprise the virtual VC-4-Xc are transported over the
subnetwork/network (for example, to SYNCOM NEs). When exiting the
subnetwork/network boundary, the VC-4s are assembled together to form
the original contiguous VC-4-Xc.
| Contiguous: the signal enters and exits the XDM NE as a VC-4-Xc
concatenated signal.
To concatenate VC-4s:
1. In the Card Internals View window, select the AU-4 objects to
concatenate, either by using shift-click to select multiple objects, or by
selecting Configuration > Select All.
2. Select Configuration > Create Concatenation, and then from the
submenu, select the type of concatenation to use.
The type of concatenation you select affects the way the virtual VC-4-Xc
signal can be cross connected. Following is a list of the concatenation
types. The first three are virtual concatenations.
C-to-V: Contiguous-to-Virtual concatenation. C-to-V group must
contain consecutive AU-4s (such as 1-4 or 5-8).
Consecutive: Signal entering the XDM NE is ported on consecutive
AU-4s (such as 1-4, 5-8, and so on).
Through: No limitations on cross connection of AU-4 objects.
Contiguous: Contiguous AU-4 group can only be concatenated with
another contiguous AU-4 group.
The "Group created successfully" message appears. The AU-4s that are part
of the group are colored blue and are displayed with either a C
(Contiguous) or a V (Virtual) icon.
Port Enable Status of GEoS port, Enabled or Disabled. Also possible to change
status in DIO Card Internals View window.
Number of VCs Number of VCs added to GEoS port.
Allocated
Pause Unit Duration of Force Pause maintenance operation that can be
Duration performed in GEoS objects.
(nanosec)
Force Pause Force Pause maintenance operation provides mechanism to inhibit
transmission of data frames for specified period of time.
Mechanism enables flow control over sent/received traffic rate.
Status of Force Pause maintenance operation, Enabled
(maintenance operation is ON) or Disabled. Not supported in
current release.
4. In the Available VC-4s area, shift-click the VC-4 object(s) you want to
map to the GEoS object. You can select up to seven VC-4s to configure to
a single GEoS.
5. Select the GEoS port (containing GeoS Src/Snk objects).
To increase the data rate of a GEoS link for the VC-4 object:
1. Map VC-4s to the GEoS ports on both sides of the link.
2. Provision concatenated VC-4 trails either at the LightSoft or EMS-XDM
level (as described in the LightSoft User Manual). Make sure the number
and identity of each VC-4 object participating in the concatenated trail
match those associated in the DIO card.
3. For DIO1_40F and DIO1_20 cards, you must edit the XCs.
4. When performing slot assignment on the DIO1_31 (high-order), an XCS is
automatically created, including 16 VC-4s cross connected to 16 AU-4
objects. DIO1_40F and DIO1_20 cards are cross connected manually.
5. For each VC-4 associated to the GEoS port, set the Payload Carrying
Expected Rx attribute in the VC-4 Snk object to Active.
To speed up the process, select Configuration > Select All. All VC-4s
associated to the port are selected, and the command is applied to all
objects at once.
Before adding the VC-4 member to a working GEoS link, you must ensure
that the VC-4 has no failures before setting the Payload Carrying Expected
Rx attribute to Active.
6. Repeat the operation for the corresponding GEoS port in the far-end DIO
card.
7. For each VC-4 associated to the GEoS port, set the Payload Carrying
Expected Tx attribute at the VC-4 Src object to Active.
You can speed up your work by using the Select All command in the
Configuration menu. All VC-4s associated to the port are selected, and the
command is applied to all objects at once.
Before adding the VC-4 member to a working GEoS link, you must ensure
that the VC-4 has no failures before setting the Payload Carrying
Expected Tx attribute to Active.
When increasing the rate to seven VC-4s, traffic is affected based on the
configuration of the Payload Carrying Expected Tx attribute being set to
Active on one side until its configuration on the far end side.
8. Repeat the operation for the corresponding GEoS port in the far-end DIO
card.
9. If the GEoS ports on both ends of the link are not yet activated (as may be
the case during first-time configuration), configure the GEoS ports on both
sides of the link to Port Enabled.
To decrease the data rate of a GEoS link for the VC-4 object:
1. In the Card Internals View window, select the VC-4s Src mapped to the
GEoS ports, and select Configuration > Data Active Set > Non-Active.
This operation is required to prevent the operation from affecting existing
traffic.
2. Repeat the operation at the far-end DIO. This operation is applicable only
to a GEoS link that will carry traffic even after the removal of the VC-4s.
When a rate of seven VC-4s is decreased, the traffic is affected based on
setting the configuration of the Payload Carrying Expected Tx attribute to
Non-Active on one side until its configuration on the far-end side.
For DIO cards only, when GFP encapsulation is used, the Payload Carrying
Expected Rx attribute in the VC-4 Snk object and the Payload Carrying
Expected Tx attribute in the VC-4 Src object are always set to Active. In
this case, Steps 1 and 2 in this procedure are not applicable. Removing VC-
4s from the GEoS port automatically removes the VC-4 member from the
group without any further configuration. This means that the action is
traffic-affecting until the far-end card is also configured to remove this VC-
4 member from the group.
3. In the Card Internals View window, select the VC-4s Snk mapped to the
GEoS ports, and select Configuration > Payload Carrying Expected Rx
> Non-Active. This operation is required to prevent the operation from
affecting existing traffic.
4. Repeat the operation at the far-end DIO card.
5. For DIO1_40F and DIO1_20 cards, before proceeding to the next step, you
must remove the cross connections at both endpoints.
6. Shift-click the associated VC-4 object(s) you want to remove.
7. In the Card Internals View, select Configuration > Remove VC-4s from
Rate. When the "Port will be configured to support maximum rate of N x
155M" message appears, click Yes. The port configuration completed
successfully message appears.
8. When the GEoS state is Enabled, removing all the VC-4s causes the port
to become automatically Disabled. The "Port enable state changed
successfully" message appears.
9. Repeat Steps 4 through 7 for the far-end DIO card.
4. In the LCAS Enable field, in the Attribute New Value dropdown list,
select Enabled.
5. Click to apply the changes. A confirmation message window opens,
confirming that the attribute was successfully updated.
6. Click Close to close the message window. LCAS is enabled for the selected
EoS port.
GCC0 Termination
You can terminate GCC0s (General Communications Channels) by connecting
the GCC0 objects on the relevant optical ports to the COM DCC channels.
GCC0 termination is performed in a similar manner as DCC termination.
To terminate GCC0s:
1. In the Shelf View, double-click the relevant optical card (for example,
CMBR10_T or TRP) to open its Card Internals window.
2. Select the OCH Src or Snk object.
3. Select Configuration > Terminate DCC/GCC. The Edit Termination
window opens, where you can view and modify the network interface
general and advanced attributes.
The selected GCC0 object is connected to the selected COM DCC channel.
In this chapter:
Overview ......................................................................................................... 7-1
Introduction to Functional Nodes (FuN) ......................................................... 7-2
Enhanced Automatic Power Control (PELES) .............................................. 7-17
Overview
This section describes how to use the EMS-XDM functional node (FuN) utility
to set up and manage XDM optical sites and how to use the Power Equalization
of Optical Links (PELES) feature, also known as Enhanced Automatic Power
Control (Enhanced APC).
FuN, Functional Topology Map (FTM), and PELES are optional features. The
appropriate license is required to enable these features.
Introduction to Functional
Nodes (FuN)
An optical site (also called an optical NE or the ONE) is a collection of cards
on one or more shelves that are used to perform a specific optical network
function as a single functional unit. Since the Shelf View shows only the
physical equipment at a single site, rather than a functional view, functional site
setup and management may be complicated as a result.
The functional node (FuN) utility facilitates ease of set up and management for
XDM optical sites. The FTM centralizes and integrates all setup and
management functions required to create an optical site, including card and
module installation and assignment, and Tx and RX power monitoring. The
FTM provides a logical or functional map view of optical sites and connections
between cards/sites of the same network. Each optical site is displayed as a
single FuN, which includes within it all the optical components for that
functional site (attenuators and DCFs not supported in the current version).
The FTM window displays FuNs as functional icons in the map area and
shows connection lines between multiple FuNs (after creation of links between
cards on two or more FuNs). You can drag and drop the FuN icon to move it to
another location on the map.
The FTM map and views are implemented as a set of three hierarchical views:
| FTM map: displays FuNs as icons and topology links.
| FuN internal: displays OMT cards as icons, OCH icons, and topology
links.
| OCH internal: displays OMTs and OCH cards as icons and topology links.
FuN Workflow
Typical FuN operational workflow includes the following steps:
1. Creating FuN.
2. Populating FuN: adding OMT and OCH cards and links.
3. Editing FuN, ports, and cards properties.
4. Adding and deleting FuN ports, cards, and links.
5. Creating PELES.
These steps are described in detail in the following sections.
Creating FuNs
You can create FuNs and add NEs to FuNs (up to 12 NEs per FuN). You can
add the same NE to more than one FuN.
To create a FuN:
1. In the EMS-XDM main window, select Configuration > Functional
Node. The FTM window opens.
5. To add NEs to the FuN, in the NEs in EMS list area, select one or more
NEs and click Add. The NEs are added to the NEs List area.
Or
To remove NEs, in the NEs List area select the relevant NE(s) and click
Remove. A confirmation message is displayed. Click Yes to confirm the
deletion. The NE and all associated cards and links are deleted from the
FuN list.
Deleting FuNs
A configurator can delete a FuN regardless of its status (where entire contents
including links between cards and ports are removed).
To delete a FuN:
1. In the FTM window, click the relevant FuN icon and click Delete.
OR
Right-click and select Delete.
A confirmation message window opens.
2. Click Yes to confirm the deletion. The selected FuN and its entire contents,
including cards and links assigned between cards and ports are deleted.
Populating FuNs
Once you have created a FuN, populate the FuN by adding and configuring
cards and ports via the FuN Internals View as follows:
1. Add and position the OMT cards and connect OTS links.
2. Configure OPS ports.
3. Add channels and OCH cards and connect OPS links.
5. To add another OMT card, in the FTM window, right-click the relevant
FuN icon and repeat the previous steps. (You cannot use the same OMT
card twice).
Accessing the Card Internals View from FuN for OMT card
configuration:
| In the FuN Internals View, select an OMT card select File > Open.
Or
Click .
The Card Internals View of the selected OMT card opens, where you
perform card setup and view and modify attributes of modules and
transmission objects.
3. Click the relevant Snk port (color coded white) of the second OMT card
either in the same FuN Internals View or a different FuN Internals View,
as appropriate. The OTS link is created and saved in the database. In each
respective FuN Internals View, a link appears, connecting the relevant
ports (if within the same FuN), or indicates to which FuN the link connects.
Deleting Links
To delete links:
1. In the relevant FTM window or FuN Internals View, click the connection
you want to delete and select Configuration > Delete Link. A
confirmation message appears.
2. Click Yes to confirm the deletion. The link is deleted and removed from
the EMS link list and database.
2. In the Available Ports area, select the relevant ports and click Add. The
ports appear in the Ports in View area, and are added to the OCH view.
Click .
The Setup window of the selected OCH card opens, where you perform
card setup and view and modify attributes of modules and transmission
objects.
Exporting/Importing FTMs
You can export an FTM from a previous version (for example, from EMS-
XDM version 6.2) and import it into the current FTM topology.
PELES updates the following PCO Expected Input Power (EIP) attributes:
| EPPCpa: Expected PPC at the output of the previous amplifier. The
process goes back on the chain and copies the EPPCo of the amplifier
preceding the element at the zEP of the span being processed.
| NOCi: Number of channels at the input of this element. The process
derives the NOC from the list of active channels of the span.
| NOA: Number of amplifiers preceding this element. The process goes back
on the chain and counts the number of preceding amplifiers.
| AVGpa: Average gain of the amplifiers preceding this element. While
counting the amplifiers, the process also gets the actual gain of every
amplifier it encounters and calculates the average. All the above values are
set to the PCO at zEP of the span under process.
| Elpa: Expected loss (attenuation) from the previous amplifier. In the end,
after all the above values have been corrected, the remaining task is to copy
the ALpa to Elpa (ADOPT).
The PCO EIP attributes are based on the equation:
10xLog(NOCix10EPPCpa/10) + NOA x10(-27 + AVGpa)/10) -ELpa
PELES Terminology
Following are the common PELES terms:
| PELES chain: Chain of optical elements that have power control
capability (PCO objects) and are connected by successive links. The only
other cards allowed along the chain are the OSC filters.
| PELES span: Connection between two PCO bearing (reactive) cards. May
have one or more concatenated links (often three with a pair of OSC filters
separating them).
| OMS link: Link between two OTS ports. Carries one or more optical
channels. Usually between cards such as DWDM Muxes, DeMuxes,
OADMs COSC filters, and OFAs.
| Measured attenuation (MATE): Difference between the optical power at
the source port of a span and the power at its sink port. The measurement is
based on the reading of the Tx Power and Rx Power of the optical
transceivers at the respective points.
| Last approved attenuation (LATE): MATE is recorded as LATE at
creation and every time the chain is updated, repaired, or the user manually
sets LATE. Serves as a reference regarding what the span attenuation was
before some event occurred.
The following table describes the information displayed for each chain.
Field Description
Start of Chain ID aEnd of first span in chain (Read only)
Start of Chain card type aEnd (SOC) card type (Read only)
End of Chain ID zEnd of last span in chain (Read only)
End of Chain card type zEnd (EOC) of card type (Read only)
Max. Number of Channels Maximum NOC on chain (Read only)
Tolerance Tolerance level of chain (Read only)
Chain state Chain state (Read only)
User information User information (to edit, select chain and click
Configuration > Edit).
The following table describes the information displayed for each span.
Field Description
A-End Point Source port of span. (Read only)
A-End Point card type Expected type of card at A-EP. (Read only)
Z-End Point Sink port of span. (Read only)
Z-End Point card type Expected type of card at Z-EP. (Read only)
Number of Links Number of concatenated links in span. (Read only)
Measured Attenuation Difference between Tx Power at span source and Rx
power at sink. (Read only)
Field Description
Last Approved Attenuation Recorded value of Measured attenuation (MATE) kept
for reference until user requests an Update or sets
LATE. (Read only)
Number of Active NOCs that light up span, based on state of transmitters
Channels at SOC and at "add" points along chain. (Read only)
State State of span (OK or Inconsistent). Inconsistent
indicates span links have been changed. (Read only)
User information User information (to edit, select chain and click
Configuration > Edit).
Expected Power Per The amount by which the amplifier power per channel
Channel Out Offset output can vary from the default value.
(EPPCo)
Setting LATE
You can update the last approved attenuation value (LATE). EMS-XDM takes
the measured attenuation value and copies it to the LATE for the selected chain
or for a specific span.
2. Select the offset value (dB) from the dropdown menu and click . The
offset value is saved.
3. Click the Hide/Show Legend button to toggle the display of the legend that
describes the span channel color code states.
To delete a chain:
| From the Chain List window, select the relevant chain(s) and click
Configuration > Delete. The chain(s) and all associated spans and
channels are deleted.
Maintenance Updates
Maintenance updates should be performed on a PELES chain if an SLC event
occurs that is regarded as permanent, if a fault causes a trigger alarm closer to
the SoC than the point at which the PELES process is working, or if the EPPCo
is set to a specific value and there is a need to keep it unchanged in at least one
PCO.
The maintenance action updates the PELES chain attributes. It also calculates
and sets the NE PCO attributes.
Maintenance Repairs
Perform a maintenance repair on the PELES chain where either:
| Chain structure modification introduces inconsistencies in the chain. For
example, when one or more links along the chain is deleted after a card is
replaced and then the link is recreated. The related spans become
inconsistent, causing the chain to become inconsistent.
| a channel is added or deleted from the FTM, in order to recreate the chain
with the correct data.
The repair process does not change user information, or the EPPCo offset in
spans that have not been modified. The field remains empty in newly recreated
span(s).
In this chapter:
Overview ......................................................................................................... 8-1
High-order and Low-order XCs ...................................................................... 8-2
Workflow ......................................................................................................... 8-3
Planning and Building XCs at the Network Level .......................................... 8-4
Workflow for Creating XCs in the XC Browser ............................................. 8-4
Creating XCs Using the XC Browser .............................................................. 8-7
Creating DCC XCs .......................................................................................... 8-8
Creating HOVC XCs ..................................................................................... 8-18
Creating LOVC XCs ..................................................................................... 8-22
Creating Data XCs ......................................................................................... 8-28
Creating Concatenated XCs........................................................................... 8-53
Creating External DCC XCs.......................................................................... 8-53
Creating OW XCs.......................................................................................... 8-59
Creating AoC XCs ......................................................................................... 8-65
Activating XCs .............................................................................................. 8-66
Filtering XCSs ............................................................................................... 8-67
Configuring XCs ........................................................................................... 8-68
Deleting XCs ................................................................................................. 8-70
Using the XC Set List .................................................................................... 8-71
Exporting and Importing XC Files ................................................................ 8-76
Overview
This section describes how to use the EMS-XDM XC subsystem to cross
connect traffic on XDM equipment.
One of the key benefits of SDH and WDM technologies is the ability to direct
the flow of traffic dynamically, using management software rather than
hardware switching.
Using the EMS-XDM XC subsystem, you can cross connect traffic on XDM
equipment. XDM NEs feature an advanced Add/Drop Multiplexer (ADM)
architecture.
Workflow
The EMS-XDM XC subsystem enables you to create the following types of
XCs:
| DCC XCs
| HOVC XCs
| LOVC XCs
| Ethernet Data XCs
| Concatenated XCs
| External DCC XCs
| Orderwire XCs
2. In the Card Internals area, select a transmission object. Using the SHIFT
key, you can select multiple AU-4 objects.
3. If you select a VC-4 or TU object(s) in the Card Internals area, select the
AU-4(s) associated with the object, and then the object(s) itself in the AU-4
Internals area (valid only after the HOVC XC set is created).
In the AU-4 Internals area, click any one of the available TU tabs where
you can view and select Src and Snk transmission objects to add/drop, and
so on.
4. Select the TUs (transmission objects) that you want to assign as the
endpoints and traffic carriers in the XC.
In HOVC XCs, the transmission objects are AU-4s and VC-4s.
In LOVC XCs, the transmission objects are 2M (PDH), 34/45M, TU-12,
TU-2, and TU-3 (SDH) objects.
EMS-XDM can also select resources automatically, as described in
Creating HOVC XCs (on page 8-18) and Creating Multiple XCSs (Activate
Series) (on page 8-20).
5. Click one of the command buttons (Add, Drop, or Add & Drop), located
below the respective Card Internals or AU-4 Internals area of the XC
Browser. After defining the function, the transmission object appears in the
XC Details area located at the bottom of the XC Browser.
6. After you have finished selecting transmission objects, in the XC Details
area (Edit mode) define the connections between objects by clicking both
endpoints of the link consecutively.
7. Activate the XC by clicking Activate in the Edit/Command area of the
XC Browser.
To create an XC:
1. In the Edit View area, create a bidirectional XC between two transmission
objects by clicking the label area of each to designate them as endpoints.
The endpoint display turns blue, and the XC is created and appears with a
double connecting arrow indicating the bidirectional connection.
If you create a second XC to a previously connected XC, it is marked as
"protected".
2. To create a unidirectional XC, click the Src or Snk buttons of the
transmission objects. After you have created the XC, you can activate it by
clicking the Activate button in the Edit/Command area.
2. Select the relevant card. The DCC RS and MS objects appear in the XC
Browser Card Internals area.
3. To select a different DCC interface for the DCC, in the DCC Interface
dropdown list, select an option in the range 1-32. (For DCC Clear Channel,
the range is 1-33.) The interface you select here corresponds to the entry in
the DCC routing table.
Creating COM XC
Creating SDH XC
4. For the PIM card, in the Card Internals area, select the 2M-22 (for the
clear channel PIM2_21) or 2M-64 (for the clear channel PIM2_63/B). In
the Edit View area, the transmission objects appear as VC12-22 or VC12-
64 for the respective PIM card.
5. Proceed to create and activate the XC. The DCC Clear Channel XC is
created and appears in the XC Set List.
3. In the Number of XCS field, enter the number of XCSs you wish to create
by clicking the scroll buttons.
4. Typically, the system creates XCS sets using consecutive transmission
object resources. Sometimes a transmission object in the series may be
busy. To automatically skip busy transmission objects and detect the next
available object/resource, select the Ignore/Skip Busy Transmission
Objects? checkbox.
The process continues without interruption, and creates XCSs using the
next available transmission object in the series.
If you clear the Ignore/Skip Busy Transmission Objects? checkbox, the
create action process is stopped whenever a busy object is detected. A
message appears indicating the object is busy.
5. Click OK. A message box appears, displaying the result of the operation
(success or failure).
If the XCS creation is successful, a message similar to the following
appears, displaying a relevant ID number for the XC set:
"Cross connect Set was created successfully with ID 8."
EMS-XDM duplicates the first XCS you set up, using the same resources
available in the same card/object. XCSs are created in series and are
displayed in the XC Set List.
XCSs in the series are created with the same label, with a number added for
each XCS (for example, LABEL1, LABEL2, and so on). XCSs in the series
are created with the same customer name, and the ID number is
incremented automatically.
XCSs are created until any one of the following scenarios occurs:
The specific number of XCSs, as assigned in the Number of XCS
field, is reached.
There are no available free resources remaining on the card.
A busy object is encountered in any of the cards.
Terminating XCs
You can terminate AU-4s to prepare for LO trails in a single right-mouse click
operation. This will result in the creation of an AU-4 to VC-4 XC.
To remove termination:
| In the XC Set List, select the AU-4 VC-4 XC and click Delete.
Termination is removed.
The AU-4 Internals area contains a VC-4 control unit, displaying four tabs, as
shown in the following figure.
2. From the relevant TU tab, select the desired TUs to be used in an XCS.
3. At the bottom of the AU-4 Internals area, click a command button. The
selected TUs appear in the XC Details area, and you can proceed to create
the XCS.
4. To select endpoints for the XCS, in the XC Details area, click the Add or
Drop area (red or green symbol) of the first endpoint in the XC. The
endpoint display turns blue.
5. Select the second endpoint. The XCS is created and appears with a
connecting arrow indicating the Add and Drop direction.
6. In the Edit/Command area, click the Activate button to activate the XCS.
Connected endpoints belonging to an XCS appear in the XC Browser Card
Internals area with function icons adjacent to the endpoint IDs.
NOTE: You can select all three LO data rates (tabs) only if
the HOVC XC is terminated at the selected VC-4 (Snk, Src,
or both).
Limitations:
| As the VC-4 must be connected bidirectionally, Multicast is not supported.
| SNCP protection cannot be configured on VC-4-to-VC-4 connections.
SNCP protection can be configured on VC-4-to-AU-4 connections.
| Rate per port is limited to 7.
| The Activate Series command is not supported in an XCS created using
DIO1_20 or DIO1_40F card objects.
NOTE: To increase the rate, you must first add the VC-4s to
the GEoS port.
Creating Policers
EMS-XDM enables you to create policers to police the traffic carried by each
Ethernet Layer 2 flow in an EIS/EISM card. Policers follow the DiffServ
model to ensure that the correct bandwidth limitations defined in the Service
Level Agreement (SLA) between the provider and its customers are enforced.
Any traffic that exceeds these limits is dropped at the ingress to the flow. Up to
127 policers can be defined per card. Note that before you can create an
Ethernet flow, you must first assign a policer to the selected card.
Policers are based on a combination of a CoS and the following two traffic
parameters:
| Committed Information Rate (CIR): defines the transmission rate (in
Kbps) confirmed by the SLA. The CIR is applied in increments with fine
granularity.
| Committed Burst Size (CBS): defines the maximum number of bytes that
can be carried in a single transmission burst (in KB).
Policers must exist before priorities can be assigned to flows. They can either
be created before flows are defined, or during the create flow procedure.
You can manage policers defined in the network in the Policer List window.
To create a policer:
1. In the Shelf View, select an EIS/EISM card.
2. Select Connections > Create Policer. The Create Policer window opens.
3. In the S-VLAN dropdown list, select a CoS option: Gold, Silver, Bronze,
or Best Effort.
4. In the CIR field, enter the transmission rate to be enforced by the policer.
5. In the CBS field, enter the maximum burst size to be enforced by the
policer.
6. In the Service dropdown list, select Enable to enable the SLA service.
7. In the Label field, enter a name for the policer.
Managing Policers
You can manage (view, modify, activate, delete) the policers defined in the
network in the Policer List window.
You can open the Policer List from the network, shelf, or card level, or for a
selected port in the EIS/EISM Card Internals View.
To manage policers:
1. In Shelf View, Card Internals View or EMS-XDM main window, select
Connections > Policer List. The Policer List window opens, displaying
parameters described in the following table.
2. To perform operations in the Policer List window, select a policer row and
click the relevant command.
3. To view, modify, and activate an existing policer:
a. Select the relevant row and select Policer > Edit. The Edit Policer
window opens, displaying the same fields as the Create Policer
window.
b. Edit the fields, as described in Creating Policers (on page 8-31).
c. To enable or disable a policer, in the Edit Policer window, in the
Service dropdown list, select the relevant option (enable or disable).
d. Select File > Apply to save the changes.
4. To delete a policer, select the relevant row, and select Policer > Delete.
The selected policer is deleted.
Field Description
Name Name of policer
Port Port to which policer has been assigned
Label Description of policer
S-VID S-VID managed by policer
S-VLAN CoS CoS defined for policer
CD-VID CDs assigned to S-VID managed by policer
CIR (Kb/s) Committed Information Rate defined for policer
CBS (KB) Committed Burst Size defined for policer
Service Whether policer is currently enabled or disabled
To delete a policer:
1. In the Policer List window, select a policer row.
2. Select Policer > Delete. The selected policer is deleted.
Filtering Policers
The data displayed in the Policer List window can be filtered using the Policer
List Filter window.
You can filter the Policer List by any column in the Policer List window.
Filtered results are displayed in the Policer List (Filtered) window.
2. To filter by label, in the Label field, enter a label describing the policer.
Select the adjacent Exact Match checkbox to display filtered results with
an identical matching name. Select the adjacent Case Sensitive checkbox
to display case-sensitive matching entries.
3. To filter by S-VLAN name, in the S-VLAN field, choose an option from
the dropdown list.
4. To filter by CIR value, in the CIR (KB/S) field, type the CIR value (must
be numeric).
5. To filter by CBS value, in the CBS (KB) field, type the CBS value (must
be numeric).
In addition to VLAN tags, each flow identifies how customer priority settings
are to be converted by the EIS/EISM card into one of the Classes of Service
(CoS) supported by the provider XDM.
Creating or deleting a LAG on a port that is connected to P-VLAN affects the
P-VLAN. Once a LAG is configured, you can provision a P-VLAN only on the
LAG and not on LAG members. When you add a LAG to P-VLAN, the master
member appears with the label, LAG. When the LAG is deleted, the master
member maintains the VLAN set. It is possible to propagate the flow
configuration from EoS port to LAG port, and vice versa.
You can manage Ethernet flows defined in the network in the Flow List
window. You can access the flow list from the network, shelf, port, or card
level.
NOTE: After XCs have been created, you should set both the
Payload Carrying Expected Tx attribute for the Src and the
Payload Carrying Expected Rx attribute for the Snk to Active
for all VC-4s assigned to the EoS port. This must be done on
both the Src and Snk sides.
You can select all VC-4s by clicking one VC-4s and then
choosing Select All from the Configuration menu in the
Card Internals View.
3. Before you can create an EIS flow, you must first assign a policer.
4. In the Shelf View, select an EIS card and select Connections > Create
Flow. The Create Flow window opens.
5. In the S-VID field, type the S-VID that will identify this flow (range of
values 1-4094).
6. In the Customer field, type the name of the customer for whom the flow is
being created.
7. In the S-VLAN Name field, type a descriptive name for the flow.
8. In the Add Port area, from the dropdown list, select an EIS ETY or EoS
port.
9. If you selected an EoS port, click the arrow to add the port to the
Member Ports tree displayed in the Create Flow window.
OR
If you selected an ETY port, you must select the CD-VIDs that will be
associated with this S-VID. From the CD-VID dropdown list, you can:
Select an available CD-VID (range 1-4094). (CD-VIDs already in use
on this port are grayed out.)
Select Untagged to associate any untagged packets from this customer
with this S-VID.
Select All/Other to associate all available S-VIDs from this customer
(that is, those S-VIDs that have not been associated with any other S-
VIDs, including this one) to this S-VID.
10. Click to add the S-VID/CDVID combination to the Member
Ports tree displayed in the Create Flow window.
11. Continue adding elements to the Member Ports tree, as required:
To start a new mapping in the tree (represented by a new branch), select
the port from the tree and then repeat Step 8.
To add more CD-VIDs to an existing mapping in the tree, select the
map name (or the CD-VID title in the same mapping) from the tree, and
then repeat Step 8.
12. After adding all necessary ports and CD-VIDs to the selected S-VID tree,
you must map the customer priorities to the CoS levels supported by the
XDM, as follows:
a. Select the priority title of a CD-VID from the tree.
b. In the Map Policer area, in the Customer CoS dropdown lists, select a
range of customer priorities (range 0-7).
c. In the Policer dropdown list, select a policer to define the
corresponding CoS and traffic levels for the selected customer
priorities, and click Add. The priorities appear in the Member Ports
tree as a sub-branch of the mapping for the selected port. (For more
information about policers, see Creating Policers (on page 8-31).)
If there are customer priorities that were not assigned to this policer, select
them from the dropdown lists and assign a different policer to them. All
customer priorities must be assigned to a policer.
13. Repeat Step 11 for each CD-VID mapping in the tree.
14. When you have finished creating the flow in the Create Flow window, click
to apply the changes.
In the Member Ports tree, a red circle appears next to each CD-VID that is
part of an active flow.
Modifying Flows
In the Flows List, you can view and modify Ethernet flows defined in the
network.
2. In the Flow List table (located in the upper zone of this window), select a
row to view additional flow details in the PD View area including the
member ports and the defined CoS equivalences for each customer priority.
Field Description
S-VID S-VID used for traffic on flow
S-VLAN Name Name of S-VID
Customer Customer for whom flow was created
Network Id ID differentiating between EIS cards that operate as separate
networks
Slot Slot number of relevant EIS card
NE Name Name of NE related to flow
To edit a flow:
1. In the Flow List table, select the relevant row.
2. Select Flow > Create. The Create Flow window opens.
3. Edit the fields, as required. The S-VID cannot be modified.
4. In the Create Flow window, click Apply. The changes are applied.
Filtering Flows
The data displayed in the Flow List window can be filtered using the FlowList
Filter window.
You can filter the flow list by any column in the Flow List window. Filtered
results are displayed in the FlowList (Filtered) window.
For instructions how to use the FDB to identify the specific Ethernet hosts
sending the traffic and to learn which ports are associated with that host, see
Using the Forwarding Database (on page 8-44).
2. To filter by VLAN name, in the VLAN Name field, enter a VLAN name.
Select the adjacent Exact Match checkbox to display filtered results with
an identical matching name. Select the adjacent Case Sensitive checkbox
to display case-sensitive matching entries.
3. To filter by customer, in the Customer field, enter a customer name. Select
the adjacent Exact Match checkbox to display filtered results with an
identical matching name. Select the adjacent Case Sensitive checkbox to
display case-sensitive matching entries.
4. To filter by network ID, in the Network Identifier field, enter the network
ID number. This entry must be numeric.
5. To filter by VLAN ID, in the VLAN ID field, enter the VLAN ID number.
This entry must be numeric. (The Dedicated Service option is not currently
supported.)
6. In the panes located in the lower area of the window, select the NE, slot, or
port whose flow data is to be filtered.
Note that some of the panes in this part of the window may be grayed-out,
depending on whether you accessed the FlowList Filter window from the
main window or from the Shelf View.
Field Description
Aging Time (sec) Length of time entries can persist in database before being
purged to make room for new entries
Total Entries in FDB Total number of entries in FDB (Read only)
Number of Entries Total number of entries retrieved (empty before retrieving
Retrieved entries) (Read only)
No. Row number (Read only)
Port Slot and port number of port sending traffic to Ethernet
switch (Read only)
S-VID Unique Service VLAN ID carried by Ethernet switch
(Read only)
MAC Address MAC address of port sending traffic to Ethernet switch
(Read only)
Status Current status of entry (Read only)
Before you can begin filtering operations within the FDB, you must first
retrieve entries.
To retrieve entries for a specific S-VID, in the SVID field, enter the ID,
and click OK.
To retrieve entries for a specific port, in the Port field dropdown list,
select the required port, and click OK.
To retrieve entries of a specific status, in the Status field dropdown list,
select the required status, and click OK.
You can choose one of the following status options:
Invalid: Entry is not valid - it was learned but has not yet been
flushed from the table.
Learned: Value of the corresponding instance has been learned and
is being used.
Self: Indicates which of the device ports has this address.
Static: Not supported in version 4.0.
To retrieve all entries in the FDB, click OK.
The results of each retrieval operation are displayed in an FDB Table window.
Registering Flows
S-VLAN registration propagates a previously defined Ethernet flow to other
EIS cards of the EMS-XDM.
Typically, an EIS cards has up to eight EoS ports. If you want to create a
service, you need to create a flow to designate through which EoS port to route
traffic going to the network.
Within the EMS there may be multiple Flow Domain networks and each EIS
card has its own network ID. Each link between EoS ports may be assigned a
subnetwork ID (which is assigned in the EMS as a EoS port attribute).
In the Info window of the Ethernet Src object of the EoS port, you can view
subnetwork IDs as follows: Open the EIS Card Internals View, and select the
Ethernet Src object of the EoS port, and on the File menu, click Info to view
the subnetwork IDs.
In the Info window of the Bridge object, you can view network IDs as follows:
Open the EIS Card Internals View, select the Bridge object, and on the File
menu, click Info to view the network ID.
EMS-XDM enables you to use the network IDs for propagating/copying EoS
port definitions (S-VIDs). You can fine-tune/prune traffic distribution by
propagating S-VLAN flows to assigned network and subnetwork IDs.
To register a flow:
1. Access the S-VLAN Registration window from either the Flow List
window or from the Create/Edit Flow window as follows:
In the Flow List window, select a flow from the list and select Flow >
S-VLAN Registration.
OR
In the Create/Edit Flow window (after S-VLAN flow settings have
been applied), select File > S-VLAN Registration.
The S-VLAN Registration window opens, displaying the S-VID (in both
the first field as well as in the title bar), the S-VLAN name, and the
customer name (as read-only attributes), and two trees: Entire Network
and Propagation Target.
The Entire Network tree displays all EoS ports not displayed in the
Propagation Target tree. The Propagation Target tree displays the EoS
ports of the network of the selected (source) flow and all contained
subnetworks, except for ports of any bridges which have a flow of this S-
VLAN ID already assigned to them.
2. In the Entire Network Tree, select the relevant object, which may be an
entire network, subnetwork, or EoS port, and click to add the
targets to the Propagation Target tree.
3. To prune traffic and remove targeted subnetworks, in the Propagation
Target tree, select the objects to be removed and click . The
"pruned" objects appear in the Entire Network tree (and are excluded from
the propagation targets).
5. Click Yes to confirm. A results window opens showing how many new
flows have been created and how many failed. If successful, the selections
in the Propagation Target tree result in the creation of new flows or are
added to an existing flow(s).
Flows are created based on separate EIS cards. If multiple ports are
included for the same EIS card, they will be created in the same flow. EoS
ports that already exist on the same card as the prototype flow will be
added to the prototype flow.
In the case of failure, you can view a list of failed flows and the failure
reasons in the Propagation Log.
Reasons for registration failure include: inability to create policers,
disconnected NEs, SVLAN ID already exists, inability to acquire tokens,
and so on.
Deleting Flows
In the Flow List window, you can delete selected Ethernet flows.
To delete a flow:
1. In the Flow List window, select a flow(s) from the table.
2. Select Flow > Delete. The selected flow(s) is deleted.
Printing Flows
In the Flow List window, you can print Ethernet flows to a designated printer
or text file.
Exporting Flows
Flows can be exported to an XML file.
To export a flow:
1. In the Flow List window, do one of the following:
To export a selected flow(s), in the Flow List table, select a flow(s) and
select File > Export Selected to File.
OR
To export the entire flow list, select File > Export to File.
A window opens for defining a file name and location.
2. Enter a name for the file containing the flow information.
3. Navigate to the destination folder, select it, and click OK. The selected
file(s) is exported to the destination folder.
The XCs for the objects connecting the XDM to external vendor equipment
must be defined as endpoint objects rather than regular objects. The bottom
portion of the previous figure shows the appropriate connections between the
Src and Snk of the two endpoint objects.
6. Assign connections between these objects by assigning the Src to the Snk
for both objects, respectively. (You cannot edit the DCC XC after
activation within the same operation, so be sure to make all changes before
activating the XCS.)
7. In the Edit/Command area, click Activate.
DCC XCs appear in the XC Set List as SOH type with DCC listed in the rate
column.
By default, the EXT DCC XCS is broadcast to all NEs in the network.
The previous figure depicts three chained XDMs: XDM 1, XDM 2, and
XDM 3. The I1 port connecting XDM 1 to external vendor equipment is
defined as an endpoint. Similarly, the I9 port connecting XDM 3 to external
vendor equipment is an endpoint. All other ports between XDM 1 and XDM 3
are regular (non-endpoint) objects.
The lower portion of the previous figure shows the appropriate XCs between
Src and Snk objects for this sample configuration. For example, the I1 port is
defined as an endpoint and is cross-connected to port I5. The I5 port is a
standard object type.
The previous figure depicts several chained XDMs that utilize a protection
path. In this configuration, the I1 port connecting XDM 1 to external vendor
equipment is defined as an endpoint.
The lower portion of this figure shows the XCs that must be defined for both
the main and protection paths for the XDM whose endpoint port is I1.
In the XC Browser, XCs for the XDM on the main path are displayed in pink
and XCs for its protection path are in blue.
Creating OW XCs
The EMS-XDM XC subsystem enables you to create OW XCs.
OW technology facilitates voice contact using OW (E1 and E2) and F1 bytes. It
is based on a telephone "party line" concept where all connected parties,
typically technicians, can participate in concurrent voice-based service calls.
As such, it enables one or more technicians to make service calls
simultaneously, using dedicated OW channels rather than regular SDH lines.
Dedicated OW lines are normally used between a remote site and a central
office when initially installing the system or when no telephone line is
available. All calls are bidirectional.
EMS-XDM supports the following OW features:
| Up to 12 connections for single-party point-to-point calls and digital
conference calls. Two of these connections are dedicated to WDM via the
Supervisory Channel.
| Global and Selective signaling types.
| DTMF dialing. Every NE has a unique six-digit number used for dialing
purposes, which is assigned during installation. It is possible to change this
number later.
| A buzzer and LED to indicate incoming calls. This buzzer sounds
independent of the Network Selection (NET SEL) switch position.
OW is supported in mixed XDM networks, SDH environments, OADM, or
DWDM sites, and for all topology types.
The E1, E2, or F1 port can be selected on the entry NE to carry the OW
signal. For this type of configuration, an XC is made between two SIO
cards, where an E1 is connected to an E1, an E2 is connected to an E2, or
an F1 is connected to an F1. Only E1, E2, or F1 ports can carry OW
transmissions.
| Group: Network that enables two different groups to be defined for use in
conference calls. Within each group, up to 10 connections are mapped into
one of two groups (Group A or Group B). These two groups indicate in
which group the connection can participate for conference calling. In
effect, incoming OW bytes from SIO cards are mapped to OW bytes on the
Overhead Access (OHA).
The following figure illustrates the conference group mapping concept used in
EMS-XDM.
Dialing Policy
Each NE is assigned a unique OW dialing number (in the range 001000 -
999999).
OW Limitations
The following limitations apply to OW configuration:
| Protection on OW trails such as MS-SPRing, is not supported.
| OW termination equipment, such as OHA and MECP, is not protected.
| When using an HLXC 192 matrix card in the XDM-500, an overhead
through connection cannot be made via streams 3 and 4 in SIO_16 or
SIO4_4 when either of these cards is in slot 5.
| When using an HLXC 192 matrix card in the XDM-1000, an overhead
through connection cannot be made in the following cases:
Via streams 3 and 4 in SIO1_16 or SIO4_4 when either of these cards
is in slot 5.
Via streams 3, 4, 7, and 8 in SIO1_16 when the card is in slot 12.
| When an OW byte (E1, E2, or F1) is connected to an OW stream 3 group, it
is not possible to connect another OW byte from the same fiber to the same
target entry in the stream 4 group (and vice versa).
For example, if E1 is connected to the first entry in stream 3, then F1 in the
same fiber cannot be connected to the first entry in stream 4.
| In transparent OW, an E1 byte must be connected to an E1 byte, an E2 byte
must be connected to an E2 byte, and an F1 byte must be connected to an
F1 byte.
| In an OW group, multiple OW bytes on a fiber cannot be connected to the
same byte on the fiber.
For example, if E1 is connected to byte N1 in stream 3, then F1 in the same
fiber cannot be connected to N1 in stream 4.
| When using an HLXC 192 matrix card in an XDM-1000 or XDM-2000
shelf, the OW bytes in the last STM-4 cannot be used.
| E1 and E2 bytes used for OW cannot be used for transparent E1/E2
applications.
| An OW byte connected to OHA cannot also be used for transparency.
| An OW trail should not close a ring in order to avoid echoes on voice
transition.
OW Configuration
You can configure OW setup within the Card Internals of the MECP card.
Setting Up OW XCs
To enable OW communications, you must define the necessary XCs between
the OW objects inside an NE SIO card and the OW objects on another
participating NE (its SIO card). OW XCs must be used for cross connections
between SIO cards.
In addition, you must create an XC between OW objects on an NE MECP and
SIO cards. It is mandatory to use an OW XC for this purpose.
The process is the same as for creating all required XCs.
To create an OW XC:
1. In the MECP Card Internals (displaying OW objects), select
Connections > Create XC Set to open the XC Browser.
2. In the XC Browser, select Mode > OW Mode. After changing to OW
mode, the cards that carry OW objects (SIO and MECP cards) become
sensitive in the XC Browser Shelf View and their associated OW objects
appear in the Card Internals area.
3. Proceed with the steps described in "Creating XCs Using the XC Browser"
(on page 8-7). OW XCs appear in the XC Set List with OW listed in the
Rate column.
4. After all conference groups have been defined, click to apply the
changes. A confirmation message window opens confirming the successful
operation.
5. Click Close to close the message window.
3. In the Edit View area, in the Capacity field, choose an option from the
dropdown list (GBE, GBE-8, FC-1, FC-2, STM-16, STM-16_C). This
field is enabled only for SPO objects and only for AOC&4xAny cards. It is
disabled for SPO Master, and only displays the relevant read-only value.
For details of the bandwidth allocation options, see "Bandwidth Allocation
Options for OMCM25_4 Card and AoC Client" (on page 5-44).
4. After adding master SPOs to the XC Edit View, click them and proceed to
create the XC. (For Agg/OTUs, all SPO's will be displayed, enabling you to
select them so that they can participate in a group.)
If you add an SPO which is not concatenated ( in the Aggregate or OTU
module), you have two options :
Add one SPO and define the size in the Capacity field. Once the size is
defined activation will create a concatenated group with the defined
size and create the XC between the groups.
Add specific SPO's to the Edit View ( upon the second one, the
Capacity field becomes read only ) and the size will be defined
according to the amount of SPOs in the Edit View.
In both cases , if the concatenation succeeded and the XC fails, then you
should perform "ungroup" from the Card Internals. The rate of all the XCS
will be SPO. In the Info window of the SPO object, you can view details
including the members of the group and its capacity, and you can create or
delete the group (but not edit it). If, for example, you want to create
STM-16 concatenation, it will use STM-16_c capacity. If you want to
create 16 STM-1 XC ( in same XCS), it will use STM-16 capacity.
5. Click Activate to activate the XC. Groups are created, if needed. SPO
slaves become invisible upon group creation. The XC action is only on the
master SPO, and is bidirectional by default. All affected objects are updated
simultaneously (that is, changes are automatically synchronized).
Editing is only on the SPO master, to change the protection state from
unprotected to protected and vice versa, modify TPs, and so on.
Deleting is only on the SPO master, as is reverting to default. After XC
deleting, ungroup is performed.
If the SPO is concatenated but not XC-ed, you can continue to create the XC,
or you can ungroup via Card Internals.
Activating XCs
The EMS-XDM XC subsystem enables you to activate XCs.
All additions and modifications are made in Edit mode and remain in a design
phase only until the new or edited XCS is activated.
The Active mode displays the actual state of the XCS in the NE. This allows
you to check your modifications systematically by toggling between the Edit
and Active modes to compare the changes that you have added with the
existing state within the NE.
To activate an XCS:
| In the XC Browser XC Details area, select an XCS, and in the
Edit/Command area, click Activate.
If the edited XCS is a valid configuration, activation is enabled. If
activation succeeds, the following occurs:
The XC Browser Active mode displays each XC (the transmission
point and the connection lines) as the connection is made.
The XC Browser Card Internals area displays the Add, Drop, and
Add & Drop TU icons in the newly connected endpoint images. Newly
added TUs appear as connected.
The duration of the action depends on the number of XCs to be connected.
A moderately complex action can take approximately 15-20 seconds.
Filtering XCSs
In the XC Set List, you can filter the display of the XCSs according to
specified criteria.
To filter XCSs:
1. In the XC Set List window, select View > Filter. The XC Set Filter
window opens.
2. Fill in the fields, as described in the following table. For example, if you
select the XCSet Label: "XC Set", "Exact Match", and Fabric type "OCH",
the XC Set List window opens, displaying only those XCSs labeled XC
Set of type OCH.
3. Click OK to save the changes.
Field Description
XCSet Label Enter XCS label you want to display in XC Set List. If desired, select an
adjacent checkbox option (Exact Match or Case Sensitive) to set additional
filter criteria.
XCSet Set XCS label. Select an option and fill in adjacent Set Label field. Options:
Customer | New XCSet Label: Assigns a new XCS label.
| Label from first XCSet: Assigns merged XCS label from first XCS
selected.
| Label from second XCSet: Assigns merged XCS label from second
XCS selected.
Set Customer Set XCS customer name. Select an option and fill in adjacent Set Customer
field. Options:
| New XCSet Customer: Assigns a new XCS customer name.
| Customer from first XCSet: Assigns merged XCS customer name
from first XCS selected.
| Customer from second XCSet: Assigns merged XCS customer name
from second XCS selected.
Set Usage Set XCS Usage State. Select an option and in adjacent Set Usage State
State dropdown list, choose a usage state. Options:
| New XCSet Usage State: Assigns a new usage state for merged XCS.
| Usage State from first XCSet: Assigns merged XCS usage state from
first XCS selected.
| Usage State from second XCSet: Assigns merged XCS usage state
from second XCS selected.
In Set Usage State dropdown list, select:
| Active: A lower rate XC passes through XCS.
| Idle: No lower rate XC passes through XCS; you can delete this type of
XC.
| Busy: There is traffic on XCS.
Configuring XCs
The EMS-XDM XC subsystem enables you to view and modify the attributes
of activated XCSs and transmission objects (TUs), including usage state, PM
counters, and severity profile.
Field Description
The following fields are located in the upper part of XCS Configuration window and
contain options related to the XCS as a whole (or its objects collectively).
Usage State Current state of XCS: Idle, Active, or Busy.
Autonomous Autonomous reporting of traffic received by XC objects. Options:
Reporting Enable or Disable.
When this option is enabled, all XC objects that receive traffic from
two transmitters (main and standby) report automatically when
traffic has switched from one transmitter to the other. The xMCP
card manages these reports.
Reset PM Checkbox to restart counters for all relevant XC and transmission
Counters objects and PM counters. Options: 15 min, Daily, or 15M and Daily
Update XCSet Checkbox to assign a label automatically to XCS, only when XCS
Label does not yet have a label but at least one transmission object in the
XCS has.
Field Description
The following fields and options appear in the table located in the lower section of the
XCS Configuration window and are attributes related to individual XC objects.
Object Name of XC object and its related transmission objects (Snk and
Src) displayed in a tree structure. VC-12s and VC-3s display the port
underneath the object entry; VC-4s on DIO or EIS cards display the
GEoS port underneath. (Read only)
Function Function of transmission object: ADD, DROP, ADD P2MP, or
DROP SNCP.
ADD P2MP (point to multipoint) refers to multicast objects where
one object transmits to multiple objects. Although all these objects
appear in the table (each object pair is considered its own XC
object), only the first object is configured. Its function is always
ADD P2MP.
DROP SNCP is used when two objects arranged for SNCP
protection transmit to a single object. In this case, all three objects
are displayed as a single XC object in the table. (Read only)
Alarm Master Alarm master mask for Snk objects. Options: Monitored, Non-
Mask Monitored, Masked, or QoS Masked.
Monitor Active Whether system should monitor the switch between transmitters
when SNCP is used. Switches can occur as a result of PM data.
Options: On or Off.
Severity Profile Severity profile related to selected object. Available options vary per
object and may include Service, AU-4CtpSink, VC-4TtpSink,
Profile-2, Profile-3, and so on.
PM Profile PM profile related to the selected object. Available options vary per
object and may include VC-4, AU-4, QoS, Profile-2, Profile-3, and
so on.
PM Collection Whether PM collection is enabled for selected object. Options: On
or Off.
TTI Expected Trail Trace Identifier text string expected for selected object. Edit
field as needed (minimum of two characters required).
TTI Sent TTI string sent for selected object. Edit field as needed (minimum of
two characters required).
TSL Expected Expected Signal Label and path status information for transmission
object. Options:
| For high-order transmission objects: Unequipped, Equipped
nonspecific, TUG structure, Locked TU, 34M/45M, 140M,
ATM, MAN DQDB Mapping, FDDI Mapping, GFP
Mapping, Test Signal O. 181, VC-AIS
| For low-order transmission objects: Unequipped, Equipped -
nonspecific, Asynchronous, Bit Synchronous, Byte
Synchronous, Test Signal O. 181
Field Description
TSL Sent Received Signal Label and path status information.
| For high-order transmission objects: Unequipped, Equipped-
nonspecific, TUG structure, Locked TU, 34M/45M, 140M,
ATM, MAN DQDB Mapping, FDDI Mapping, GFP
Mapping, Test Signal O. 181, VCAIS
| For low-order transmission objects: Unequipped, Equipped -
nonspecific, Asynchronous, Bit Synchronous, Byte
Synchronous, Test Signal O. 181
Deleting XCs
The EMS-XDM XC subsystem enables you to delete XCs. You can delete
individual connections or multiple connections and XCS components.
To delete a connection:
| In the XC Browser XC Details area, select the connection line and in the
Edit/Command area, click Del Sel. The connecting line disappears,
indicating the selected connection is deleted.
Field Description
Number Row number of XC in XC List (numbered sequentially from 1)
ID ID of XCS
Rate Rate of XCS
Customer User-defined customer name assigned to XCS
Label XCS label
Order XCS order:
| High Order
| Low Order
| SDH Order for DCCs
(Other values such as OCH are also supported in this column.)
Field Description
Usage Usage state of XC:
| Active: A lower-rate XC passes through XCS.
| Idle: No lower-rate XC passes through XCS (you can delete this
type of XC).
| Busy: Traffic on XCS or all TUs are connected.
Merging XCSs
In the XC Set List, you can merge two XCs into a single XC. The following
conditions must be met:
| The XCs must be of the same rate.
| Protected XCs cannot be merged.
| Only two XCs can be merged.
To merge XCs:
1. In the XC Set List, select two XCSs using multi-select.
2. Select XC > Merge XC. The XC Merge window opens.
Field Description
Set ID Sets XCS ID. Select an option and fill in adjacent Set ID field. Options:
| New XCSet ID: Assigns a new XCS ID.
| ID from first XCSet: Assigns merged XCS ID from first XCS
selected.
| ID from second XCSet: Assigns merged XCS ID from second XCS
selected.
Set Label Sets XCS label. Select an option and fill in adjacent Set Label field.
Options:
| New XCSet Label: Assigns new XCS label.
| Label from first XCSet: Assigns merged XCS label from first XCS
selected.
| Label from second XCSet: Assigns merged XCS label from second
XCS selected.
Set Sets XCS customer name. Select an option and fill in adjacent Set
Customer Customer field. Options:
| New XCSet Customer: Assigns a new XCS customer name.
| Customer from first XCSet: Assigns merged XCS customer name
from first XCS selected.
| Customer from second XCSet: Assigns merged XCS customer
name from second XCS selected.
Set Usage Sets XCS usage state. Select an option and in adjacent Set Usage State
State dropdown list, choose a usage state. Options:
| New XCSet Usage State: Assigns new usage state for merged XCS.
| Usage State from first XCSet: Assigns the merged XCS the usage
state from first XCS selected.
| Usage State from second XCSet: Assigns the merged XCS the
usage state from second XCS selected.
In the Set Usage State dropdown list, select:
| Active: Lower rate XC passes through XCS.
| Idle: No lower rate XC passes through XCS (you can delete this
type of XC).
| Busy: Traffic on XCS.
Deleting XCSs
In the XC Set List, you can delete selected XCSs.
To delete XCSs:
1. In the XC Set List window, select an XCS row(s), and select XC > Delete.
A confirmation message appears, prompting you to confirm the deletion.
2. Click Yes to confirm. The selected XCS(s) is deleted. A message appears,
indicating the result of the operation.
Printing XCSs
In the XC Set List, you can print the entire XC Set list, displaying all the XCSs
within a specific NE, or you can select multiple XCSs in the list and print the
selection.
NOTE: You can use any ASCII editor to edit or create XML
files offline for importing into EMS-XDM. For details of how
to create your own XML file offline, including practical
examples, see Creating XML Files Offline, in the EMS-XDM
Supporting Information Guide.
XML files can be created either by EMS-XDM (using the Export function) or
offline using any ASCII editor.
If you need information on using and writing XML, a wide range of
information can be found on the Internet.
Exporting XCSs
Using the EMS-XDM Export/Import feature, you can export XCSs to an XML
file format. Once you have exported data to an XML file, it can be imported
into the system to restore traffic on an NE.
Exported XML files are placed in the ~ems/eMSXCFiles connections directory
unless the default directory was changed. Before starting EMS-XDM, change
the directory to be used for exporting by entering
setenv ENM_READ_FILES_PATH ~ems/<NEWDIRNAME>
You can use the Copy Trail ASCII File and Store Trail ASCII File (UNIX)
commands from the EMS-XDM main (CDE) menu to copy files from external
storage devices to this directory and vice versa.
2. In the File Name field, enter the name of the XML file.
3. Click Export. A confirmation message appears. If successful, the (selected)
XCSs are saved to the XML file.
4. Click Close to close the message window.
Backing Up XC Files
EMS-XDM enables you to back up XC files.
To back up XC files:
| To copy all XC files from the ~ems/EMSXCFiles directory to a storage
device, on the EMS-XDM main (CDE) menu, click either:
Store XC ASCII File (UNIX)
OR
Store XCs ASCII Files (DOS)
In this chapter:
Overview ......................................................................................................... 9-1
IO Protection ................................................................................................... 9-2
MSP Linear Protection .................................................................................. 9-13
TRP/CMBR Protection .................................................................................. 9-18
RSTP Protection ............................................................................................ 9-19
LCAS Protection ........................................................................................... 9-23
MS Shared Protection Ring ........................................................................... 9-25
ALS Mode Setting for TRP10_2O, TRP25, and OFA Cards ........................ 9-43
ASON Protection and Restoration ................................................................. 9-43
MPLS Protection ........................................................................................... 9-45
Dual-Homed Protection ................................................................................. 9-48
Link Aggregation........................................................................................... 9-48
Overview
The section discusses how to use EMS-XDM to configure protection schemes
for EMS-XDMNEs.
IO Protection
The IO Protection (IOP) feature allows the protection of I/O traffic (including
XCs) from one or more SDH I/O electrical cards (SIO and PIO cards with
electrical modules), data cards (DIOB/M, EISMB, MCS5/10/30-X10G/M), and
optical cards (all TRPs) to an I/O protection card.
When IOP is implemented in the XDM-500, XDM-1000, XDM-2000, and
XDM-3000 shelves, a switching card installed in the modules cage of the NE
shelf automatically switches the traffic connections between the protecting and
protected I/O cards when necessary. (The wait-to-restore time is calculated in
minutes.)
Fast IOP is automatically implemented by the system whenever IOP is
configured for any cards, with the exception of the CCP of the MCS30-X10G
card.
IOP in XDM-500, XDM-1000, XDM-2000, and XDM-3000 shelves uses two
distinct virtual protection buses, enabling you to define two separate PGs. You
can protect each of these PGs independently or the entire cage as a single PG.
The following requirements apply:
| PG 1 (slots I1 through I6). A single standby card can be assigned to protect
one or more cards.
| PG 2 (slots I7 through I11). A single standby card can be assigned to
protect one or more cards.
| Two separate standby cards can be assigned to protect PG 1 and PG 2,
respectively.
| One standby card can be assigned to protect cards in PG 1 and PG 2. This
means that only one bus is used for the entire NE, and the NE's cards
cannot be protected using a two-group protection scheme. The standby card
must be assigned to slot I6 to protect cards in slots I1 through I5 and I7
through I11.
You can also manually switch to the protecting I/O card in response to an alarm
or when preparing to do maintenance operations.
Configuring IOP
This section describes the workflow and procedures necessary for configuring
IOP for all XDM types.
Implement the following workflow:
1. Configure a suitable I/O card as standby (the protecting card, to which trail
traffic is switched).
2. Configure the working card in the NE shelf's modules cage.
3. Associate the protected I/O card with a protecting card.
You can configure an I/O card as standby when you initially assign it to a slot
in the XDM shelf.
When an I/O card is defined as standby, the icon appears at the bottom of
the card in the Shelf View.
NOTE: After associating the main and standby cards, you must
wait at least two minutes before switching from the working
(main) to the protection card.
Removing IOP
You can remove IOP from a selected card that is part of a PG by disassociating
it from the group.
If you issued a force switch command, you can revert to the protected card.
Both PIM and electrical SIM module types can be protected in the XDM-100
IOP configuration.
The following figure shows an example of a 1:3 protection scheme with TPM
connections in the XDM-100.
Requirements for these protection schemes are described later in this section. In
all cases, the assigned TPM must be appropriate for the specific IOP scheme in
use. For example, for 2 Mbps (PIM2_21 card) 1:3 protection, the TPM2_3 is
required. An underscore 3 (_3) indicates a 1:3 protection scheme. XDM-100 IO
Protection Schemes lists the required TPM for specific protection schemes.
The TPM2_3 module occupies two slots and can be assigned to slots M1-1 or
M1-3.
The TPM performs the switch to protection for cards located beneath the
module. In all XDM-100 IO protection schemes, the standby card must be the
upper leftmost card for the PG. The TPM2_3 occupies two adjacent slots, M1-1
and M1-2. The standby card for the PG is located in the slot on the left, in this
case, I1 and I5. Protected cards in the PG occupy slots I2 and I6 or I5 for 1:3
protection scheme.
The following table shows the slot association possibilities for the 1:1
protection scheme.
The following table shows the slot association possibilities for the 1:2
protection scheme.
The following table shows the slot association possibilities for the 1:3
protection scheme.
In MSP, any MS on any card can be used to protect any other MS of the same
rate. MSP can be applied to traffic at the following levels: STM-1, STM-4,
STM-16, and STM-64. Protection switching can be applied either to traffic in
both directions or only to one direction. The switch to MSP is nonrevertive.
When a switch to protection is made, the switch is not made back even when
the original problem is solved.
To configure MSP:
1. Open the Shelf View of the NE to be configured in MSP mode.
2. Select Configuration > Protection > MSP Linear. The MSP Linear
Configuration window opens.
NOTE: The port rate must be the same for both the protected
and protecting ports.
6. In the Protection area, select the MS port to be used as the switch: MS Src
or MS Snk. The ports displayed in the list have the same rate as the port
selected in step 5 (the protected port).
7. Click Apply to save the configuration. The icon appears both at the
bottom of the primary (or protected) card and at the bottom of the
protecting card in the Shelf View. Since the same card can serve as both a
protecting and protected card, all working and standby protected cards
display the same icon.
Field Description
Working Name of working MS object.
Protection Name of standby MS object.
Mode Protection switching mode, either Bidirectional (both traffic
directions are switched) or Unidirectional (only one traffic
direction is switched).
Commands Maintenance operations applied to the object, if any:
| Force Switch to Protection
| Force Switch to Working
| Lockout of Protection
| Manual Switch to Protection
| Manual Switch to Working
Field Description
Pending States Pending maintenance operations, if any:
| Manual Switch: a section protection switch is applied.
| DEG (Signal Degraded).
| EXC (Signal Fail).
| Forced Switch.
Removing MSP
EMS-XDM enables you to remove an individual port from a PG or delete all
MSP ports for an entire card at one time.
To remove MSP:
1. Access the MSP Linear Configuration window.
2. Select the Delete PG option button an do one of the following:
To remove a specific port from a PG, select the MS port to be removed
in the Working area of the window.
OR
To remove all MSP ports on a card, select the MS slot in the Working
area of the window, and select Configuration > Select All.
3. Click Apply to delete the port(s).
TRP/CMBR Protection
EMS-XDM enables you to apply protection to switch traffic on a TRP/CMBR
(transponder/combiner) card to a protection card in the event of failure.
The switch is done automatically when an (LOS, TIM, EXG, or DEG) alarm is
detected on the protected card. You can also manually switch to the protecting
card in response to an alarm or in preparation for maintenance.
Configuring TRP/CMBR protection is subject to certain limitations:
| Associated cards must be in consecutive slots, starting with an odd number
(that is, you can associate two cards installed in slots I3 and I4, but not in
slots I4 and I5). The standby card must be to the left of the protected card.
| Both cards must be set to the same ALS mode. You cannot change the ALS
mode setting after associating cards.
| In the XDM-500, XDM-1000 and XDM-2000, the card on the left side is
always designated as the standby (protecting) card and is indicated with the
icon in the Shelf View. The card on the right side is always designated
as the protected card and is indicated with a in the Shelf View.
| In the XDM-100, the standby card must be located directly above the
protected card in the Shelf View.
RSTP Protection
RSTP, as defined by IEEE 802.1w, provides Ethernet path backup in case of
link failure in the network and prevents Ethernet loops in the network.
RSTP can be used to avoid the types of bridge loops in bridged Ethernet
networks such as the kind produced by EIS/EISM/EISMB cards in the XDM.
RSTP uses an algorithm that enables bridges to understand the topography of
the network and know which bridge is acting as the primary, root bridge. When
multiple paths to the root bridge exist, each switch uses the protocol to
determine the shortest path based on bandwidth considerations, the number of
hops required, as well as the "cost" of each hop. If the path fails, the protocol
automatically reconfigures the network to activate another path, allowing the
network to recover from the failure.
The lowest-cost port used by each switch to communicate with the root bridge
is known as a forwarding port or root port. The port rejected by the switch as a
possible root port becomes the blocking port, which staying inactive until
needed to replace a failed primary path. By preventing traffic from being
carried on this port except when necessary, the blocking port prevents traffic
cycling, where frames travel endlessly in a loop without a destination, wasting
network resources.
The root bridge is defined as the bridge with the lowest priority value. If all
EIS/EISM/EISMB cards in the network are configured with the same priority,
the bridge with the lowest MAC address is selected.
3. In the RSTP Enabled column, clear the checkbox of any port for which
you want to disable RSTP. (By default, RSTP is enabled for all EIS EoS
ports.)
4. In the Path Cost column, modify the contribution of the selected port to the
overall cost of the path to the root bridge, if required.
5. In the Port Priority column, select a new priority for the port from the
dropdown list. This value helps determine which port will be selected as
the root port (and conversely, which port will become the blocking port).
6. In the Holdoff Time column, enter a value in msec (in steps of 100 msec)
to define an interval during which RSTP is prevented from making a
topology change upon link failure.
This parameter can be defined per EIS/EISM/EISMB link to allow SDH
protection schemes (used by the XDM to carry Ethernet traffic from shelf
to shelf) to recover from the link failure instead of RSTP protection. If no
interval is required, enter 0.
7. In the Change Detection column, select whether the port ability to detect
topology changes is Enabled or Disabled. By default, all ports have
change detection enabled; however, disabling change detection is useful
when making section changes to the topology that should not trigger RSTP
protection. For example, when adding VC-4s to a port, it is recommended
to disable change protection to prevent RSTP from being triggered.
8. When all the ports have been configured, click to apply the changes.
9. Data in the RSTP Configuration window is automatically refreshed every
15 sec. To refresh data manually, click .
Field Description
Port Name of EoS port, including slot number containing
EIS/EISM card.
RSTP Enabled Enables/disables RSTP protection of port.
State Current state of port: Forwarding, Discarding, Broken,
Invalid.
Path Cost Configures contribution of port to overall cost of path to root
bridge.
Designated Cost Overall cost of path to root bridge. By default, system selects
ports that offer lowest designated cost.
Port Priority Defines priority of port, helps determine root port.
Holdoff Time Configures an interval during which RSTP protection is
prevented from making a topology change upon link failure.
Designated Bridge Bridge connecting to selected port.
Designated Port Port on designated bridge connecting to selected port.
Change Detection Enables/disables port ability to detect topology changes
(which may trigger RSTP protection).
LCAS Protection
The LCAS protection mechanism enables a GbE trail to remain available even
when some of the VC-4s allocated to it have failed. LCAS provides a
slowdown and recovery process that allows the GbE interface to maintain
service, even when one or more of the VC-4s on the interface are faulty. When
a faulty VC-4 is detected, it can be removed from the group until the problem is
solved, and later returned to the group after it recovers. LCAS support on
EMS-XDM is available for both ring and mesh topologies, and may co-exist
with other protection mechanisms.
When LCAS is enabled and the VC-4 failure is detected in the group, the faulty
VC-4 is removed from the group and no longer carries traffic. The group
continues to function using the remaining VC-4s. During this slowdown period,
the faulty VC-4 can be recovered and then returned to the group for normal
functioning. This slowdown process is initiated when any of the following
alarms are detected on the VC-4 container:
| VC-4 | LOM
| LOP | VC-4-AIS
| UNEQ | EXC
| PLM | DEG
| TIM
Both sides determine whether the faulty VC-4 is to be used to carry traffic. At
the end of the slowdown process, neither end is passing traffic over the faulty
VC-4 and a decreased rate GbE link is in use.
During the recovery process, the previously removed VC-4 is returned to the
group. This action is usually non-traffic-affecting.
LCAS uses two user configurable timers to control the slowdown/recovery
process:
| Hold-off Time: Used in cases where other protection schemes, such as
MS-SPRing, are implemented in the network, allowing them to be invoked
before the LCAS slowdown process begins. This timer interval must expire
before the LCAS slowdown process is activated.
| Wait to Restore: Used to delay the LCAS recovery process, in order to
ensure that a failed VC-4 has been fault-free for a given period of time
before being used again to carry traffic. A failed VC-4 that was removed
from the group cannot be restored to the group before this timer interval
has elapsed. This mechanism prevents frequent operation of the LCAS
process in situations involving an intermittent link failure.
Both of these timers are configured in the GEoS Snk Info window.
According to the LCAS standard, it is possible to have a link with a different
capacity in each direction. For example, three VC-4s may be used in one
direction, and five VC-4s in the other. The following differences from the
LCAS standard apply in the EMS-XDM:
| On DIO cards, the same capacity must be available in both directions.
| If there is a failure of the VC-4 member in one direction, this member
cannot be used to carry traffic in either direction.
| LCAS is only supported with HDLC encapsulation.
MS-SPRing Limitations:
| For HLXC768 matrix cards: Links within the same NE and session must
run between the same card types and the same port numbers on those cards.
For example:
An MS-SPRing connection could run from Port1 on an SIO16_2 card in the
East side to Port1 on an SIO16_2 card on the West side, since card types
and port numbers are the same.
However, the following connections cannot run:
Port1 on an SIO16_2 card in the East to Port2 on an SIO16_2 card in
the West, since the port numbers do not match.
STM-16 port in an SIO164 card to an STM-16 port in an SIO16_2 card,
since the card types do not match.
STM-64 port in an SIO164 card to an STM-64 port in an SIO64 card,
since the card types do not match.
Configuring MS-SPRing
You can configure MS-SPRing.
To configure MS-SPRing:
1. In the Shelf View, select Configuration > Protection > MS-SPRing.
The MS-SPRing Configuration Create Ring window opens in Create
mode. Edit and Delete modes are described in the following sections.
2. In the New Ring Label field, type a user-defined name for the ring. This
name appears in the MS-SPRing Info window and is used when you open
or edit the ring.
3. In the NE area, select the NE that is to be part of the ring configured in
MS-SPRing. After you select the NE, the MS-East area displays the MS
objects that can be used as the MS-SPRing link in the east direction. The
name of the card that the MS object belongs to appears in parenthesis next
to the name. (It is possible to use MS objects from any cards that support
STM-16 or STM-64 as MS-SPRing resources.)
4. In the MS-East area, select the MS object you want to use as the MS-
SPRing link in the East direction. After you select the MS-East object, the
MS-West area displays the MS objects that can be used as the MS-SPRing
link in the west direction. Only MS objects with a matching rate of the
selected MS-East object are displayed.
5. In the MS-West area, select the MS object you want to use as the MS-
SPRing link in the west direction.
6. Click Add. If none of the MS objects are selected, a window opens
informing that the relevant East/West object is not selected.
If the message, "This configuration is not recommended, does not protect
the node from card failure" appears, you have selected the MS object from
a card that has already been used in one of the PG listings. This is not
recommended, since the protection is not effective if that card fails.
A listing is added to the PG area. Perform steps 3-6 for each PG you want
to define. Each listing in this area includes the information described in the
following table.
7. After you have defined the PGs, click Apply to save the PG listing to the
EMS-XDM database (at least two PG listings must be selected).
After a few seconds a window opens, informing you that the Create MS-
SPRing operation was successful and displaying the Ring ID number
(number automatically generated by EMS-XDM that identifies the MS-
SPRing). If an error message appears, the ring may have been partially
created. It is recommended to delete the ring.
After the ring is added to the database, the Activate button is enabled.
8. Click Activate to make the ring active. After a few seconds, a window
opens informing that the action was completed successfully. The
Deactivate button is enabled.
9. Click Deactivate if you want to deactivate MS-SPRing. The ring remains
stored in the EMS-XDM database for future use after deactivation.
Field Description
Node ID Number automatically generated by EMS-XDM for each NE added
to MS-SPRing, and incremented by one for each node.
NE Name of NE that is part of MS-SPRing.
MS-East Object name of MS used in east direction.
MS-West Object name of MS used in west direction.
Editing MS-SPRing
EMS-XDM enables you to edit the details of the MS-SPRing.
Adding an NE to MS-SPRing
You can add an NE to the MS-SPRing.
To delete a PG listing:
| In the PG List area of the MS-SPRing Configuration Edit Ring window,
select the relevant PG listing and click Delete.
Field Description
Ring ID Number automatically generated by EMS-XDM identifying
MS-SPRing.
Ring Label User-defined ring label.
Node Id Number automatically assigned to each node in the ring by
EMS-XDM, and incremented by one for each added node.
MS-East Object name of MS used in east direction.
MS-West Object name of MS used in west direction.
Activated YES (when activated) or NO (when not).
Node State Status of node: Pass-through or Switch East/West.
Maint. Action Maintenance operation currently active on node: No, Lockout,
Forced Switch, or Manual Switch.
Last Attempt Result Result of last attempt (Success or Fail).
LO Node YES (when LO node activated) or NO (when not).
Field Description
Operational State Current operating condition of the PG: Enabled (normal) or
Disabled.
Usage State Idle, Active, or Busy.
Availability Status Additional information about PG when Operational State
Disabled. Can be Available or Dependency (disabled because
status depends on that of another object).
Administrative Represents administrative capability of log to perform its
Status function:
| Unlocked: Use of log permitted by a managing system.
Information from subordinate records may be retrieved,
and new records may be created conditional on other state
and status attributes).
| Locked: Use of log prohibited by a managing system.
Information from subordinate records may be retrieved,
but new records cannot be created. Records may be
deleted.
Severity Profile Alarm severity profile assigned to PG.
MS-SPRing ID ID number identifying MS-SPRing generated automatically by
EMS-XDM.
MS-SPRing g Label User-defined ring label.
MS-SPRing Node ID number identifying node automatically assigned by EMS-
ID XDM.
Enable Mode If node active.
Field Description
Fiber Mode Current version supports only two-fiber mode operation. Read-
only field displays 2-wire.
Reversion Mode Revertive (traffic is switched back to main channel when
problem solved) or Non-Revertive (switch back to main
channel is not reactivated even when original problem solved).
Wait to Restore Number of minutes (0 to 12) to wait, before switching back to
protected channel from Standby channel after problem
resolved. To change time, select a value from Attribute New
Value column and select Attributes > Apply.
Protection Maintenance commands activated on PG.
Commands
Node State Status of node: Idle, Pass through, Switch East/West.
Last Attempt Result Result of attempted MS-SPRing exercise.
Deleting MS-SPRing
You can delete MS-SPRing.
To delete MS-SPRing:
1. In the Shelf View, select Configuration > Protection > MS-SPRing. The
MS-SPRing Configuration Create Ring window opens.
2. In the Ring dropdown list, select a ring and select File > Delete Ring MS-
SPRing. The MS-SPRing Configuration Delete Ring window opens. The
read-only Ring Mode field displays the state of the ring, Activated, Not
Activated, or Partly Activated. (Activate operation works applies only to
some nodes).
MS-SPRing Squelch
In MS-SPRing topologies, erroneous traffic may be received on a node in the
ring due to a switch to protection caused either by node failure or a double fiber
cut (resulting in node isolation). In these instances, services from the same time
slot but on different spans may contend for access to the same protection
channel time slot, causing a potential for misconnected traffic.
When these scenarios occur, a squelching of the misconnected traffic is
required. The squelching is done at the AU-4 level by sending an AIS in the
squelched AU, preventing traffic misconnection.
The following example illustrates the type of traffic misconnection that can
occur in MS-SPRing protected rings.
The first figure above describes the MS-SPRing protected ring with six STM-
16 NEs. Trail 1 uses AU#1 in the link between NE-A and NE-F, and Trail 2
uses AU#1 in the link between NE-A and NE-C. In the event of a failure on
NE-A (shown in the second figure), NE-B bridges the traffic of AU#1 (Trail 2)
to protecting AU#9. NE-F is expecting to receive Trail 1 from NE-A on AU#9
from NE-E. This represents a misconnection situation.
The switching nodes determine the traffic affected by the protection switch
from information contained in their ring maps and from the identifications of
the requesting nodes.
The switching nodes squelch the AU-4 when the isolated node (chain) involves
VC-4 termination.
A potential misconnection is determined by identifying the node ID that should
answer the bridge request and by examining the traffic that will be affected by
the switch. The switching nodes can be determined from the node addresses in
the K1 and K2 bytes.
The squelch table provides information for each AU-4 in the ring regarding its
path, termination points, and pass-through NEs. The squelch table includes all
entries in the AU tables, including information regarding the path of specific
AUs.
2. Select either the Ring ID or the Ring Label. The Node dropdown list
displays the nodes that were defined on the ring.
3. In the Node field, select the first node in the ring. The AU dropdown list
displays the AU-4 objects that can pass traffic on the ring for the selected
node.
4. From the AU dropdown list, select the first AU-4 on the ring node. The
window displays the various alternate routes that can be used to deliver
traffic over the ring, as expressed by the MS objects that serve as the
termination points at the end of the trail (East and West).
5. Specify the route of the trail traffic by selecting the actual traffic route
relevant to the selected AU-4. Select up to 2 Add and 16 Drop in each of
the areas to indicate the procession of trail traffic.
6. When you have completed your selection, click to apply the changes. A
message appears, indicating that the action was successful. EMS-XDM
now squelches all other traffic (other than the actual trail you are
considering) in the event of a switch to MS-SPRing protection.
7. Instruct EMS-XDM regarding which trail traffic to consider and which to
squelch, by selecting AU-4s.
8. In the dropdown list, you can select AUs one by one, or scroll through the
AUs by selecting Edit > Prev. AU or Edit > Next AU.
9. Select between 2 to 16 listings in the East and West TP areas, and click
to apply the changes. A confirmation message appears, indicating that
the action was completed. When you select an AU, the system displays the
selection.
2. Select either the Ring ID or the Ring Label. The Drop Node dropdown
list displays the nodes that were defined on the ring.
3. Select the first node in the ring. The VC and TU dropdown lists display the
VC and TU objects that can pass traffic on the ring for the selected node.
4. From the VC dropdown list, select the first VC on the ring node.
5. From the TU dropdown list, select the first TU on the ring node. The
window displays the various alternate routes that can be used to deliver
traffic over the ring, as expressed by the MS objects that serve as the
termination points at the end of the trail (East and West).
6. Specify the route of the trail traffic by selecting the actual traffic route
relevant to the selected VC and TU. Select up to two Add and 16 Drop in
each of the areas to indicate the procession of trail traffic.
7. When you have completed your selection, click to apply the changes. A
message appears, indicating that the action was successful. The result is
that EMS-XDM now squelches all other traffic (other than the actual trail
you are considering) in the event of a switch to MS-SPRing protection.
8. Proceed to select VCs and TUs and instruct EMS-XDM regarding which
trail traffic to consider and which to squelch.
9. Select between 2 to 16 listings in the East and West TP areas, and click
to apply the changes. A confirmation message appears, indicating that
the action was completed successfully. When you select a VC and TU, the
system remembers the selection and displays it.
LO MS-SPRing XCs
LO MS-SPRing is a cost-saving feature. LO tributaries like E1 and E3 can be
dropped directly from an MS-SPRing without having to implement an
intermediary STM-1 card.
You can create LO MS-SPRing XCs in the same manner as LOVC XCs.
Every VC-4 contains a certain number of TU objects. When you create XCs
that pass through the same LO MS-SPRing, you need to verify that the XCs do
not contain TSI. (If they pass through different rings, TSI is permitted.)
Creating an AU-4 to VC-4 connection activates termination and enables access
to LO objects. This means that if you click the same SIO-16M card and the
same AU-4 that you terminated (connected to VC-4), the AU-4 Internals area
displays TU-12, TU-2, and TU-3 with Src/Snk enabled, as well as an adjacent
icon indicating termination. In the AU-4 Internals area, you can select or
multiselect the relevant TU Src or TU Snk objects, and click Add /Drop to
display them in the Edit View of the XC Browser.
Extra Traffic
Extra traffic (also called preemptive traffic) for MS-SPRing doubles the
amount of allowed traffic on the ring. It enables the protection allocated
bandwidth on the ring to carry unprotected traffic, which will be dropped
(preempted) once a protection event occurs. Extra traffic is especially effective
for EoS networks when Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) is used to
dynamically allow the EoS bandwidth to vary.
For example, whenever a traffic switchover occurs, traffic is transferred to the
lowest channels of the ring (that is, the protected channels). This is known as
Best Effort traffic and it is preempted to make room for traffic on the working
channels.
All lower streams of traffic are extra traffic, except for those previously
configured to be NUT, which are therefore outside the protection of the ring.
In the Card Internals area of the XC Browser, "ET" appears on the AU-4s to
indicate extra traffic.
NOTE: TSI does not apply for objects with extra traffic and
may not be used.
Limitation
You cannot change the ALS mode of a TRP10 or TRP25 card that is
associated.
To set the ALS mode for TRP10, TRP25, and OFA cards:
1. In the Shelf View, select the card.
2. Select Configuration > Setup > ALS, and on the submenu, select one of
the ALS modes. The available selections depend on the mode currently set
(the second mode appears when the currently active mode is disabled).
MPLS Protection
MPLS protection schemes include Facility Backup Fast ReRoute (FRR) that
provides less than 50msec FRR link and node protection.
An XDM MPLS network can incorporate an E2E combination of protection
schemes to provide optimal protection at every point, including for example,
FRR link and node protection, Dual-Homed, LAG, and Fast IOP 1:1 card
protection.
Dual-Homed Protection
Networks based on XDM platforms use Dual-Homed protection for access
devices to resolve single points of failure (weak links) in network connections.
Dual-Homed protection provides a fast recovery time, thereby effective for
both link and node failures. Dedicated pseudo wires are configured, able to
tunnel the client RSTP/MSTP Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU) traffic.
An example of a simple Dual-Homed protection scheme is connecting the
customer equipment (CE) to the Dual-Homed device through either one or two
CE devices.
For instructions for configuring dual-homing VSI protection in MCS cards, see
Dual Homing VSI (on page 4-54).
Link Aggregation
Ethernet Link Aggregation (LAG) protection is based on standard Ethernet link
aggregation schemes (IEEE 802.3ad) In LAG protection schemes, a single
logical link is composed of up to eight physical links (Ethernet or EoS ports).
When one or more physical link fails, the failed link is simply removed until
that link recovers. The network continues to function correctly without the
failed link. LAG is available for both Ethernet and EoS WAN ports.
Link members are added and removed through the network management
system.
In this chapter:
Workflow ....................................................................................................... 10-1
Configuring Fault Management..................................................................... 10-2
Managing Alarms ........................................................................................ 10-12
Audible Alarms ........................................................................................... 10-18
Using the Alarm Log ................................................................................... 10-21
Workflow
1. For proper alarm processing, first set up your alarm management
configuration to specify how alarms are to be treated in the system. This
stage includes defining severity profiles to assign to objects and
configuring audible alarm conditions.
2. After you have completed alarm management configuration, perform the
operations (described in the following topics) in any order, whenever
required.
You can apply the Mask options for all objects with the same rate and with
the following specific XC attributes:
SNCP XC to the ingress objects only
OR
SNCP XC of two TU to the VC with the same Master Mask setting
External Alarms
The EMS-XDM enables you to define external alarm conditions for the
following cases:
| Alarms generated internally by the XDM that should trigger an external
device, such as a light or buzzer. This application of the external alarms
feature enables operators to be aware of selected alarms even when not
sitting at the EMS-XDM management station.
| Conditions external to the XDM that should trigger an alarm in the EMS-
XDM, such as the opening of a door to a cabinet containing an XDM shelf
or a significant change in the ambient temperature surrounding the shelf.
The signal from an external alarm represents a circuit between the source of the
signal (an external device) and the XDM shelf. The interpretation of this signal
is user-defined, enabling you to define whether the alarm is triggered when this
circuit is opened or closed.
Up to eight external inputs can be configured for the XDM-1000 product line
shelves.
For XDM-100 and XDM-200 shelves, you can change the number of inputs
and outputs by toggling between eight inputs/zero outputs (the default) or five
inputs/three outputs. To change from the default setting, on the Mode menu,
click 5 Input 3 Output.
2. Start in the row for Input 1 to define the first alarm input. Double-click in
the Name field, and type in a name for the input.
3. In the Contacts Config field, select one of the following options from the
dropdown list:
Close Means On: Input signal is generated by closing the circuit (that
is, during normal conditions the circuit is open).
Close Means Off: Input signal is generated by opening the circuit.
4. In the Force Behavior field, select one of the following options:
Forced: Automatically forces alarm to be triggered, even if the alarm
has not been activated. This option is typically used for maintenance or
testing in order to verify that the alarm, as configured, is working
properly.
Released: Returns alarm to normal operation. This option should be
selected after alarm configuration and operation have been verified,
enabling the alarm to function normally.
5. Repeat Steps 2 to 4 to define additional external alarm inputs, as required.
6. On the toolbar, click to apply the changes. A confirmation window
opens.
7. Click Yes to confirm your entries.
2. In the Shelf View, select the card (or in the Card Internals View, select
the internal object) whose alarm will trigger an external alarm output. The
name of the selected card or object appears in the Associated Object field.
3. In the Alarm ID dropdown list, select the alarm type that applies to this
external alarm. The alarm type may vary, depending on the type of card or
object selected in Step 2.
Managing Alarms
EMS-XDM enables you to access most alarm management functions through
the Current Alarms window.
The EMS-XDM alarm log contains a list of all significant events that occurred
in the network, including events other than alarms, and provides additional
fault management capabilities. It is also possible to perform alarm management
from an upper-level management system like LightSoft.
You can perform the alarm management operations in any order, whenever
required.
NOTE: You can only view alarms associated with NEs for
which you have configurator rights.
The Current Alarms window for the selected NE opens, displaying a list
of current alarms per NE object and summary information as follows:
Filter type
Sort order
Total: total number of current alarms displayed in the window
Filter: number of filtered alarms (number of alarms shown after
filtering)
Acknowledging Alarms
Acknowledging an alarm means you are aware of the alarm and will eventually
take the necessary steps to deal with it. You can acknowledge alarms singly or
grouped.
To acknowledge alarms:
1. In the Current Alarms window, in the current alarms list, select either a
single alarm or multiple alarms by clicking the relevant alarm row(s). The
alarm(s) is highlighted.
2. Select File > Acknowledge. The ACK column displays "ACK", indicating
that the selected alarm(s) is acknowledged.
Each alarm listing appears in the color coding of its severity if the relevant
start-up parameter was selected.
EMS-XDM has an Auto Ack on clear policy that automatically acknowledges
alarms that have been cleared (not internal alarms). Once the alarm is cleared,
it is deleted from the current alarms list.
Audible Alarms
EMS-XDM enables you define audible alarm conditions as part of your alarm
configuration.
The EMS-XDM provides two types of audible alarms:
| Audible alarm (discussed here)
| Reminder Function
You can activate and deactivate the audible alarm feature from the Alarms
menu (in either of the system modes). When activated, an audible alarm is
emitted whenever an alarm or event enters the EMS-XDM alarms log. No
sound is emitted, however, for alarms set as Non-Report type.
The default mode is according to the preference setting.
Configurators can determine the access level required to turn the audible alarm
feature on or off.
Reminder Function
The second audible alarm type is the Reminder function. It differs from the
audio alarm in that it sounds at a preset time interval when there are
unacknowledged alarms present in the system.
To set a reminder:
| In the Shelf View or EMS-XDM main window, select Alarms >
Reminder, and on the submenu, select ON or OFF.
Menu Description
option
Refresh Updates log to reflect latest alarms. Options include:
| Manual: Updates window immediately.
| Periodic: Window updates automatically every 15 minutes.
Note: A heavy load is put on EMS-XDM resources when using Periodic
option. Take into account that contents are refreshed anyway every time
you open this window.
Filter Selects type of filter. Options include:
| No Filter: All alarms listed.
| Default Filter: Only unacknowledged alarms listed.
| Set Filter: Sets the filter.
Menu Description
option
Print Prints all alarms or only selected alarms. Entire log can be very long;
therefore it is recommended to use Filter option to limit information
before printing.
Max. Time Maximum length of time alarm/event appears in alarm log before it is
in Log automatically moved. Possible values are 1, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours.
Maximum time setting appears at top of Alarm Log window.
Max. Maximum number of alarms appearing in alarm log. When this number
Alarms in is exceeded, alarms are moved on a first-in-first-out (FIFO) basis.
Log Possible values are 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 alarms.
Maximum alarm setting appears at top of Alarm Log window.
Alarms List
In the alarms list, you can view information about each alarm in the NE.
You can sort the alarms according to any column in the alarms list by clicking
the appropriate column header. Click twice to toggle between ascending and
descending orders. You can also change the order of the columns by dragging a
column heading to a new location.
The alarms list is the main area of the Alarm Log window and displays the
current alarms. Each new alarm is added to the top of this list. Each list entry
provides the following information, from left to right:
| chk: alarm was checked off
NOTE: You can only view alarms associated with NEs for
which you have configurator rights.
This function copies alarm log files to an external storage device (CD, and so
on). EMS-XDM keeps track of events by storing them in log files. These files
are automatically saved to the EMS-XDM hard disk either periodically or
whenever they reach a certain size (whichever occurs first). The file name has
the format AlarmLogHistory-yyyy.mm.dd-n, where n is the number of the log
file saved on date YYYYMMDD.
Log files must be exported from time to time to prevent the EMS-XDM disk
becoming full. When the free disk capacity is down to 2%, the log files are
automatically deleted.
The system displays a warning message and prompt for log files to be exported
when 95% of the disk capacity is used, as follows:
"ATTENTION: DISK ALMOST FULL
Change alarm log parameters
Delete unnecessary export, configuration and NE s/w files"
Click Close to close the message window and perform the file export
operation.
When 98% of the disk capacity is used, the system automatically deletes
unnecessary export, configuration, and NE software files.
3. Select the file to export. If you want to check the file contents first, click
Browser. You can filter the log file in the Browser window by selecting
Filter > User Filter.
A window opens, allowing you to filter the alarms in the file. When a filter
is applied, only the alarms displayed in the Browser window are exported.
To delete a filter, select Filter > No Filter from the menu.
4. To export the selected file, click Export.
5. To delete the file you export, click Yes in the Delete Exported File? field.
Otherwise, leave the No default.
In this chapter:
Overview ....................................................................................................... 11-1
Alarm Resolution Workflow ......................................................................... 11-3
Alarm Interactions ......................................................................................... 11-4
Transmission Alarms ..................................................................................... 11-5
Service Alarms ............................................................................................ 11-43
Timing Alarms............................................................................................. 11-45
Equipment Alarms ....................................................................................... 11-48
ATS Alarms ................................................................................................. 11-66
EMS-XDM-specific Alarms ........................................................................ 11-67
Checking Optical Parameters ...................................................................... 11-69
Card Objects, Alarms, and Maintenance Operations................................... 11-70
Overview
This section provides a comprehensive list of EMS-XDM alarms and
maintenance operations relevant to each object in EMS-XDM.
Alarms are listed alphabetically within each alarm type category.
Details for each alarm are provided, including the alarm name, description,
severity, and corrective action(s).
Some alarms, such as the Trace Identifier Mismatch (TIM) alarm, can occur at
multiple levels, like the Regenerator Section (RS), Multiplexer Section (MS),
and High-order (HO) Path, and Low-order (LO) Path levels. In most cases,
alarms are cleared in the same fashion at all levels.
Alarm Interactions
When troubleshooting alarms, it is critical to have a full understanding of the
interrelationships between alarms and their effect on the network. This
facilitates solving the problem more quickly by enabling you to identify its root
cause. The following figure depicts the relationships between many of the
alarms described in this section. This diagram is a useful reference when
troubleshooting system alarms.
The column on the far left of the diagram identifies the bytes associated with
the alarms that can occur in the system. A horizontal line is shown for each
alarm, and depicts its interactions with other alarms in the system across the
various layers. For example, when a LOS (Loss of Signal) defect occurs on the
RS layer, it automatically sends an AIS - MS alarm downstream to the MS
layer, which in turn generates an RDI-MS (Remote Defect Indication - MS)
alarm upstream.
Transmission Alarms
Transmission alarms can affect the following multiple layers in the SDH
overhead frame hierarchy:
| Physical
| RS
| MS
| HO Path
| LO Path
EMS-XDM transmission alarms include:
| General transmission alarms reported by the XDM indicating transmission
path problems
| Transmission TCAs (threshold-crossing alarms) reported when the value of
a PM counter is higher than the defined high threshold
| Data transmission alarms reported by the XDM indicating transmission
path problems related to Ethernet and Layer 2
| Data transmission TCAs
| Optical Power Control-related Transmission Alarms
Degraded (DEG)
Severity: Minor
The DEG alarm indicates that the Bit Error Rate (BER) on the incoming frame
is higher than the configured threshold. This threshold is lower than the one
specified for the EXC alarm.
MSPL Failure
Severity: Minor
In bidirectional operation mode, the MSPL Failure alarm indicates that one of
the following conditions exists:
| Faulty K1/K2 bytes received
| No answer from the far-end node
| Failure of the Exercise command
3. Check that the fiber is connected between the connecting ports, and that
there are no LOS or LOF alarms at the RS level and no AIS alarms at the
MS level.
4. Check the MS PM counters in the protection link.
5. Reboot the protecting card in both sides.
6. Replace the protecting card.
PJ_15M
Severity: Warning
The PJ_15M alarm indicates that the pointer justification count exceeds a
predetermined value.
Unequipped (UNEQ)
Severity: Major
The UNEQ alarm indicates that an unequipped signal has been detected. This
error may be caused by a disconnected trail.
TCAs
PM thresholds of an object are determined by the assigned PM profile. The PM
profile contains a threshold setting for each PM counter relevant to the object
type.
Threshold-crossing alarms (TCAs) are triggered when the PM threshold for an
object is exceeded. There are two thresholds for each PM interval (15-minutes
and one day): a low threshold and a high threshold. When the value of a PM
counter is higher than the high threshold, an alarm is reported.
PM profiles are user-defined and can be used by the operator to troubleshoot
alarms. For example, if the current high threshold settings within a PM profile
are relatively low, you can change these settings to determine if an alarm, such
as an Errored Seconds alarm, resulted from a sudden bursty error or errors that
have accumulated over time. By changing the threshold setting in the PM
profile, you can detect if the error was received over a long or short period of
time.
The following topics describe the XDM TCAs.
The SESNE alarm is a threshold-crossing alarm that indicates that the system
has exceeded the respective 1-day/15-minute SES threshold at the near end
node. The PM counter for this alarm is incremented whenever 30% or more of
the frames in a given second are errored. This alarm may indicate possible
hardware failure.
Encapsulation Mismatch
Severity: Major
The Encapsulation Mismatch alarm indicates that the GFP/HDLC
encapsulation hardware revision does not support the configured Encapsulation
Type.
Header Mismatch
Severity: Major
The Header Mismatch alarm indicates a mismatch between the expected and
received extension headers in the GFP layer. This alarm typically indicates an
interoperability problem with other vendor equipment.
Link Down
Severity: Major
The Link Down alarm indicates an Ethernet link that is down or loss of carrier
(as defined in IEEE 802.3). This alarm may result from:
| A failure in the auto-negotiation process between the EIS/EISM/DIO and
the customer device
| A loss of signal on the link resulting from disconnected fibers or cables, or
a hardware failure
Partner AN Failure
Severity: Minor
The Partner AN Failure alarm indicates a failure of the remote partner during
the auto-negotiation process.
Partner Offline
Severity: Minor
The Partner Offline alarm indicates that the remote partner is offline or out of
service.
Rx Buffer Overflow
Severity: Minor
The Rx Buffer Overflow alarm indicates a First In First Out (FIFO) buffer
overflow for the ingress traffic.
Tx Buffer Overflow
Severity: Minor
The Tx Buffer Overflow alarm indicates a FIFO buffer overflow condition for
egress traffic.
Data TCAs
The following topics describe the data-related TCAs for Ethernet and Layer 2.
EoS Tx Utilization
Severity: Warning
The EoS Tx Utilization alarm indicates that EoS link utilization exceeds the
configured percentage threshold of the active bandwidth. This alarm is
typically used as a planning tool to aid in detecting when there is insufficient
bandwidth on the link. This alarm is only reported for 15-minute intervals.
In Discard
Severity: Warning
The In Discard alarm is a threshold-crossing alarm that indicates the total
number of events in which the probe dropped frames, due to lack of resources.
Note that this number is not necessarily the number of frames dropped, but the
number of times this condition has been detected. This alarm is only reported
for 15-minute intervals.
Rx Error Octets
Severity: Major
The Rx Error Octets alarm is a threshold-crossing alarm that indicates that the
number of received errored octets per port exceeds the configured threshold.
This alarm is only reported for 15-minute intervals.
This alarm results when incorrect information is transmitted from the remote
partner.
Rx Error Pkts
Severity: Warning
The Rx Error Pkts alarm is a threshold-crossing alarm that indicates that the
number of received errored frames per port exceeds the configured threshold.
This alarm is only reported for 15-minute intervals.
This alarm results when incorrect information is transmitted from the remote
partner.
Tx Utilization
Severity: Warning
The Tx Util alarm indicates the transmitted utilization (transmitted average
octets rate per percentage of the dedicated network BW). This alarm is only
reported for 15-minute intervals.
DCC TCAs
The following topics describe the DCC TCAs.
Illegal Alarm
Severity: Major
The Illegal alarm indicates that the required correction is beyond the gain
capability of the card, and that the set correction is less than the required
correction.
OCU Alarms
The following topics describe the Orderwire Control Unit (OCU) alarms.
OCU-LCK
Severity: Warning
The OCU-LCK alarm indicates a problem on the Orderwire Control Unit
optical channel interface.
OCU-OCI
Severity: Warning
The OCU-OCI alarm indicates a problem on the Orderwire Control Unit
optical channel interface.
PCS Alarms
The following topics describe the PCS alarms.
PCS HI BER
Severity: Warning
The PCS HI BER alarm indicates HI BER conditions, possibly caused by:
| Extremely high received optical power levels
| Very low received optical power levels
| A receiver malfunction or a problem with the other-side transmitter
PCS LF
Severity: Warning
The PCS LF alarm indicates a local fail.
PCS RF
Severity: Warning
The PCS RF alarm indicates a remote fail.
Service Alarms
Service alarms apply to problems with the actual service being provided, as
opposed to the equipment or the trail over which the service is carried. Two
types of alarms can be generated in this category, depending on whether the
service traffic is being transmitted over a protected or nonprotected path.
If a problem occurs on the protection path in a protected ring, then either a
Protection Path Degraded or Protection Path Failed alarm is generated. The
service still flows properly, but with a problem on the protection path in the
ring. In contrast, Service Degraded and Service Failed alarms are generated
when there is a degradation or failure, respectively, in the traffic signal on an
unprotected trail.
By default, all service alarms are masked, meaning they only appear in the
invisible alarms list and are not reported in the Current Alarms window. To
automatically report these alarms in the current alarms list, change the Monitor
Mask option setting for them to Monitored in the Alarm Severity window.
Service alarms apply to all SDH levels, unless otherwise noted.
The following topics describe the XDM service alarms.
Service Degraded
Severity: Major
The Service Degraded alarm indicates degradation in the traffic signal. This
alarm may also indicate that a XC that is part of a trail is transmitting traffic,
but the traffic is recognized as degraded.
If the service is on an unprotected path, this alarm indicates a degraded traffic
signal somewhere along the path. If the service is on a protected path, then it
indicates one of two possible problems: either the nonactive path has failed, or
the service on the active path is degraded.
Service Failed
Severity: Major
The Service Failed alarm indicates that both the main and protection paths are
not transmitting traffic.
Timing Alarms
Timing alarms apply to all SDH levels, unless otherwise noted.
The following topics describe the XDM timing alarms.
T3-1/T3-2 AIS
Severity: Major
The T3-1/T3-2 AIS alarm indicates that T3-1/T3-2 has an alarm indication
signal.
TG T4 Squelch
Severity: Warning
The TG T4 Squelch alarm indicates that the quality of the timing source for T4
output is below the quality threshold set for this output, and is therefore
considered unsuitable as a T4 timing output. The timing source is squelched so
it is not used as a synchronization source for other systems.
TS-1/TS-2/T3-1 LOF
Severity: Major
The TS-1/TS-2/T3-1 LOF alarm indicates that TS-1/TS-2/T3-1 has a loss of
frame.
Equipment Alarms
Equipment alarms apply to actual equipment and can affect all SDH levels,
unless otherwise noted.
The following subsections describe the Equipment alarms.
MS-SPRing Squelching
Severity: Minor
If a switching NE detects segmentation in a ring or additional segmentation in a
ring, it squelches traffic destined for the unreachable NEs.
In the case of a switching node, this alarm identifies the line being squelched
(MS TTP).
Node ID Mismatch
Severity: Minor
The Node ID Mismatch alarm indicates the occurrence of three consecutive
and identical frames that contain a source node (byte K2, bits 1-4) that does not
match the node ID of a neighbor (based on the resident ring map of the
destination node), or that does not match an entry in the ring map.
BIT Degraded
Severity: Major
The BIT Degraded alarm indicates an equipment fault that may affect
functionality. BIT code information identifies the module within a card
reporting a problem.
In addition to the alarm, if the equipment is protected, it performs a switch to
protected mode.
This alarm can result from:
| A problem in the card or the HLXC/XIO connector to the card
| A misplaced or faulty HLXC/XIO matrix
BIT Failed
Severity: Critical
The BIT Failed alarm indicates an equipment fault that is more severe than the
one indicated by the BIT Degraded alarm. This alarm results from:
| A problem in the card or the HLXC/XIO connector to the card
| A misplaced or faulty HLXC/XIO matrix
BIT failure with severity critical will cause card to reset. The card initialization
is not complete, in order to provide time for a technician to view the critical
BIT failure log. The card does not forward traffic until the log is deleted.
Air Flow
Severity: Warning
The Air Flow alarm indicates there is an intake airflow shortage into the system
(originating from the fan unit on the XDM-40 or XDM-50).
Card Failure
Severity: Major
The Card Failure alarm indicates that the card has a general hardware failure.
This alarm indicates a more serious condition than the BIT Failed alarm, as it
signifies a total failure of the card. In contrast, the BIT Failed alarm suggests
that some of the functioning of the card or module is missing or not working
properly.
Card Out
Severity: Major
The Card Out alarm indicates that an assigned card is no longer in its slot. This
alarm results when:
| The card is assigned, but not physically present in the slot
| The card is not in the slot
Door Open
Severity: Warning
The Door Open alarm indicates that the shelf door (on the MECP/MXC) is
open.
Eqpt Ctrl
Severity: Warning
The Eqpt Ctrl alarm indicates a problem with the control object on the
equipment.
High Temperature
Severity: Major
The High Temperature alarm indicates that the equipment temperature is high
(65C or higher).
Low Temperature
Severity: Major
The Low Temperature alarm indicates that the temperature is below 0C.
Power Failure
Severity: Major
The Power Failure alarm indicates that a power failure has been detected in the
card.
Program Fail
Severity: Major
The Program Fail alarm indicates either that the software is not functioning
properly in the card, or that the system has failed to update the card database to
the nonvolatile memory (NVM).
Turbo Mode On
Severity: Warning
The Turbo Mode alarm indicates that there is a card in the system with a high
temperature.
Type Mismatch
Severity: Major
The Type Mismatch alarm indicates that the wrong card or module was
inserted in the slot. This alarm results when the Equipment Actual Type and the
Equipment Expected Type are not the same. These two values must be
identical.
USF
Severity: Warning
The USF alarm indicates a problem with the air dust filter.
High Rx Power
Severity: Major
The High Rx Power alarm indicates that the received power is higher than the
maximum allowed value.
High Tx Power
Severity: Critical
The High Tx Power alarm indicates that the transmitted power is higher than
the maximum allowed value.
Invalid Carrier
Severity: Major
The Invalid Carrier alarm indicates an out-of-grid carrier (that is, above the
noise threshold) or a double carrier (within a grid window). The alarm is
generated for one or more invalid carriers. This alarm applies only to OPM
cards and is detected when the OPM scans the spectrum and identifies a
wavelength(s) that is not defined. The alarm usually occurs during installation
or when adding another lambda with the wrong setups.
This alarm can result from:
| A non-WDM transmitter connected to a WDM system
| A misplaced transmitter
Laser Bias
Severity: Major
The Laser Bias alarm indicates that the laser bias current is becoming low,
signaling the end of life of the device.
Low Rx Power
Severity: Major
The Low Rx Power alarm indicates that the received power is lower than the
minimum allowed value.
Low Tx Power
Severity: Critical
The Low Tx Power alarm indicates that the transmitted power is lower than the
minimum allowed value.
Missing Carrier
Severity: Major
The Missing Carrier alarm indicates a mismatch between the expected carriers
list and the present carriers, as measured. The alarm is generated for one or
more mismatches. This alarm applies only to OPM cards.
OAM Alarms
The following topics describe OAM (Optical Amplifier Module) alarms that
occur in MCS and DIO cards (on ETY ports only).
| OAM Discovery Failure
| OAM Link Lost
| OAM Remote Link Failure
| OAM Remote Link Event
| OAM Local Link Event
Power In LOS
Severity: Major
The Power In LOS alarm indicates a loss of signal in Modules Cage modules
(amplifiers). This alarm condition is conveyed as an equipment alarm instead
of as a transmission alarm, as the affected modules do not have transmission
objects.
Switch Fail
Severity: Major
The Switch Fail alarm is specific to OPM cards where the 1:4 switch may fail.
The alarm usually indicates a card hardware failure.
Unexpected Carrier
Severity: Major
The Unexpected Carrier alarm indicates a mismatch between the expected
carrier list and the present carriers, as measured. The alarm is generated for one
or more mismatches and is detected when assigning a channel. This alarm
applies only to OPM cards.
Wavelength Mismatch
Severity: Major
The Wavelength Mismatch alarm indicates that the expected configured
wavelength differs from the actual value supported by the optical module. This
alarm usually occurs during installation or maintenance (if replacing a module
with the wrong type).
Lock Open
Severity: Major
The Lock Open alarm indicates that in the XDM-100 or XDM-300, the MXC
card is not properly inserted or the lock on this card is open.
ATS Alarms
The following topics describe the XDM alarms specific to ATS cards.
EMS-XDM-specific Alarms
EMS-XDM-specific alarms identify alarms that are internal to the EMS-XDM
application and are provided primarily for notification purposes. These alarms
cannot be handled and no corrective action can be performed for them. Like
other XDM alarms, these alarms appear in the Current Alarms list.
Contact ECI Telecom customer support if you receive one of the EMS-XDM
specific alarms described in the following table.
The Optical Parameters window for all optical card types, such as TRP
and OFA cards, contains all the parameters shown above or a subset of
them. The parameters that can be viewed include:
Rx Power: actual power level currently received (at the edge of the
card)
Input Power: gain block power level inside the card
Laser Bias: current level of the laser bias
Laser Temp: laser temperature level
Tx Power: actual power level currently transmitted (at the edge of the
card)
Line Output Power: actual power level currently transmitted
Service Power: current service power
SIO_64
Objects in card
OM64, OT164, PSTG64, SPI Src, SPI Snk, MS Src, MS Snk, RS Src, RS Snk,
AU-4 Src, AU-4 Snk, VC-4 Src, VC-4 Snk
MS Snk AIS, EXC, DEG, RDI, MSPL Failure, UATNE, UATFE, BBENE
15 Min, ESNE 15 Min, SESNE 15 Min, BBENE 1 Day, ESNE
1 Day, SESNE 1 Day, BBEFE 15 Min, ESFE 15 Min, SESFE
15 Min, BBEFE 1 Day, ESFE1 Day, SESFE 1 Day
AU-4 Snk CTP AIS, LOP, AIS, EXC, DEG, RDI, TIM, SSF, UNEQ, PLM,
LOM, LOA
MS Snk AIS, EXC, DEG, RDI, MSPL Failure, UATNE, UATFE, BBENE
15 Min, ESNE 15 Min, SESNE 15 Min, BBENE 1 Day, ESNE
1 Day, SESNE 1 Day, BBEFE 15 Min, ESFE 15 Min, SESFE
15 Min, BBEFE 1 Day, ESFE1 Day, SESFE 1 Day
AU-4 Snk CTP AIS, LOP, AIS, EXC, DEG, RDI, TIM, SSF, UNEQ, PLM,
LOM, LOA
PIO2_84
Objects in card
2M Src, 2M Snk, VC-12 Src, VC-12 Snk
TRP10_2
Objects in card
OM10_1xx, OM10_1, OT10, OPS Src, OPS Snk, OCH Src, OCH Snk, RS Src,
RS Snk, OPG
TRP25_2
Objects in card
OMT25xx, OMT25, OTx, OMR25C, ORx, OPS Src, OPS Snk, OCH Src,
OCH Snk, RS Src, RS Snk, OPG
TRP25_2C
Objects in card
OMT25xx, OMT25, OTx, OMR25C, ORx, OPS Src, OPS Src, OPS Snk, OCH
Src, OCH Snk, DSR Src, DSR Snk, OPG
TRP25_2G
Objects in card
OMT25xx, OMT25, OTx, OMR25C, ORx, OPS Src, OPS Snk, OCH Src,
OCH Snk, GbE Src, GbE Snk, OPG
TRP25_2V
Objects in card
T6XX, OTx, MBR6, ORx, OPS Src, OCH Src, OPI Snk, OPS Snk, OCH Snk,
OPG
OFA
Objects in card
OM_BAC, OM_PAC, OM_ILC, OTRx, OTS Src, OTS Snk, OMS Src, OMS
Snk, Power Ctrl
OFA_M
Objects in card
OM, OTRx, OTS Src, OTS Snk, OMS Src, OMS Snk, Power Ctrl
OFA_R
Objects in card
OM, OTS Snk, OMS Snk, OCH CTP SNC
OPM
Objects in card
OM_PM, OPS_M
DIO1_61
Objects in card
OM, OT, OPI, Src, OPI Snk, GEoS Src, GEoS Snk, SPI Src, SPI Snk, MS Src,
MS Snk, RS Src, RS Snk, VC-4 Src, VC-4 Snk, AU-4 Src, AU-4 Snk
In this chapter:
Overview ....................................................................................................... 12-1
Workflow ....................................................................................................... 12-2
PM Management ........................................................................................... 12-3
Viewing and Modifying PM Collection Groups ........................................... 12-4
Enabling Large PM Automatic Data Collection ............................................ 12-7
Collecting PM Data Manually ....................................................................... 12-9
Viewing and Modifying PM Profiles ............................................................ 12-9
Viewing Current Performance ..................................................................... 12-13
Viewing Performance History ..................................................................... 12-14
Resetting PM Counters ................................................................................ 12-17
Viewing Optical Levels and Parameters of Optical Objects ....................... 12-19
Viewing PM, MS, and Optics Logs ............................................................. 12-20
Viewing PM History Reports for OPS-M Objects ...................................... 12-22
Overview
This section discusses how to use EMS-XDM to analyze the current and
historical performance of XDM NEs and XCs for evaluating quality of service.
EMS-XDM enables you to view PM data for the following objects:
| PDH/SDH: 2M, 34/45M, AU-3, AU-4, E1, FC, FICON, GbE, MS, MS-
DCC, OCH, OW, RS, RS-DCC, TU-2, TU-3,
TU-12, VC-3, VC-4, VC-12
| Data: Bridge, Ethernet, GEoS, GFP, LAG, Policer, VSI, Routing
| Optics: Equipment OPT, OPS-M
The performance management process collects the event counts associated with
the following performance parameters:
| Trail: Errored Seconds (ES), Severely Errored Seconds (SES), Consecutive
Severely Errored Seconds (CSES), Background Block Errors (BBE),
Unavailable Seconds (UAS)
| Link: Out of Frame Second (OFS), Pointer Justification Event (PJE)
| Protection: Protection Switch Count (PSC), Protection Switch Duration
(PSD)
PM processes event counts to derive the performance parameters, and stores
these parameters in registers.
Such information can be used to sectionalize faults and to locate sources of
intermittent errors, and/or determine the quality of the service.
Historical PM processes store the number of ESs, SESs and BBEs during
available time, per 15-minute and 24-hour periods. In addition, it may store the
number of Unavailable Seconds (UAS) in the same periods, and it may perform
a threshold crossing check on the parameter counts and generate threshold
crossing alarms (TCA) if the threshold has been reached or exceeded.
Workflow
1. Perform PM setup activities during initial setup of EMS-XDM, including:
Defining PM collection groups (see "Viewing and Modifying PM
Collection Groups" on page 12-4) to simplify the collection definition
for similar objects.
Defining PM profiles (see "Viewing and Modifying PM Profiles" on
page 12-9) in which you specify the thresholds for various PM counters
and assign PM profiles to objects.
2. After defining and assigning PM profiles, access and use PM data as
necessary to ensure optimal system performance.
3. Perform the PM operations (described in the following topics in this
section) in any order, whenever required.
PM Management
Performance monitoring tasks are executed from the Performance menu, and
include:
| Current Interval: Monitors 15-minute/24-hour interval PM counters. The
Current PM window displays regular counters and monitored seconds.
The Current PM window is automatically refreshed every minute. In
addition, it is possible to manually refresh the window.
| Performance History: Obtains historical performance data. PM history is
supported only for endpoint objects. You can select the object, the PM
History menu, and specify the duration of the performance history, and
counter type (15-min or 24-hour). Duration for the start and end times are
in the format: day/month/year hour:minute. PM history is supported as in
SYNCO/micro that is all last XXX intervals (and not only non-zeros).
EMS-XDM supports a PM log to store 15-minute counters (based on the
non zero method. That means that also zero lines are displayed and
therefore are part of the 15 minute log). For 15-minute counters, it is
possible to request history of the previous four hours (16 counters x 15
minutes, including non zero). EMS-XDM also supports a PM log to store
the daily 24-hour counters. Changing a different PM history report (such as
date range) automatically refreshes the Performance History window.
| Resetting PM Counters: Resets the 15 minute or 24-hour intervals to zero.
Note this affects all counters associated with the selected object.
| Setting PM Thresholds: Sets thresholds using PM profiles. Selecting this
option opens the profile associated with the selected object.
Creating PM Groups
You can create PM collection groups. The maximum number of PM collection
groups is 200. The maximum number of members per PM group is 470.
This window is divided into two primary areas. The upper Collection
Groups area at the top of the window displays a list of defined PM
collection groups, with the PM collection characteristics of each. The lower
area of the window is used to define groups, including their characteristics
and object members. After a group is defined, it appears in the list in the
Collection Groups area of the window.
2. Select Edit > Create Group.
3. Click (Create Group) to clear all fields in the lower area of the
window. This action automatically deletes any information displayed in
these fields, enabling you to define a new PM collection group.
4. In the Group Name field, type a name for the collection group. (Spaces
and "&" character are not supported for the group name.)
In the Object Type dropdown list, select the object type for the group. The
following object types are available:
2M, 34/45M, MS, RS, MS-DCC, VC-3, VC-4, VC-12, AU-3, AU-4,
TU-2, TU-3, TU-12
RS-DCC, GEoS, OCH, GbE, OPS_M, Eth, LAG, Bridge, Policer,
EquipmentOPT, FC
FC, FICON, GFP, Routing, OW, E1
5. In the Counter Duration dropdown list, select the PM counter interval for
the group. Options are:
15M for a 15 minute PM counter
Daily for a 24 hour PM counter.
6. In the Schedule Time dropdown list, select the interval for collecting PM
data for the group:
Every 15 min
Every hour
Every 4 hours
Once a day
7. In the Start Time dropdown list, select the hour for PM collection to begin.
You can only choose 24H when collecting PM data once a day.
8. In the tree in the lower right zone of the window, select one or more objects
that you want to add as members of the group, and click to move
them to the Group Members area. Multiple objects can be selected at one
time. When selecting objects individually, repeat this process to select all
members of the group.
You can also select an NE or a card in the tree. In this case, all the TPs of
the selected class are added to the group.
All objects must be the same object type. If you select objects of an
incorrect type, an error message appears.
Editing PM Groups
You can edit PM collection groups.
Deleting PM Groups
You can delete PM collection groups.
4. Scroll down to the PM collection for MEG and remote MEP field and
select Enable. Data collection is enabled for MEG and Remote MEP only.
AU and VC have the same thresholds (range and default) , therefore the
number of associated objects will be twice that of the number of interfaces (that
is, SIO1_16 has 32 associated objects (AU and VC)).
For PPI: Collection FE PM is a bidirectional/unidirectional trail (for both
framed/unframed) for all PPI objects (2M, 34M, 45M). Note that for 34M
hardware does not support FE PM, and therefore PM is enable only for
unidirectional trails.
| Unframed refers only to Near End
| Framed refers to Near End and Far End when trail is bidirectional
| Framed refers only to Near End when trail is unidirectional
34M and 45M PM thresholds are different, therefore different PM profiles are
required per expected card type. (In future versions, updated threshold values
for 34M and 45M PM will be supported.)
Different PM profiles are also required for 2M Framed and Unframed.
PM thresholds are handled using profiles in a similar manner as for fault
management.
A PM profile refers to all PM thresholds (Far End ,Near End, 15-minute and
24-hour).
| A PMBOType represents a group of 16 PM profiles.
| Each PMBO is associated by its Class to a unique PMBOType.
| Each PMBO points to one specific profile within the corresponding
PMBOType.
Propagating PM Profiles
You can propagate PM profile threshold values automatically to the current NE
or to other designated NEs.
3. In the Target field, select one of the following options to specify the NE(s)
to be updated with the threshold values of the profile:
This NE: Propagates all ABOs to the current NE.
Selected NEs: Propagates the currently selected profile to the NEs
designated in the NE Names field (see Step 4).
4. In the NE Names field, select the NEs to which threshold values are to be
propagated. You must specify target NEs when choosing Selected NEs in
the Target field (see Step 3). The NEs Selected field displays the number
of NEs chosen.
5. To activate the propagation action, select File > Apply.
4. In the From and To fields, specify the period of time for which you want to
retrieve historical data. The 15-minute or one-day interval is applied to that
time span.
For example, if you specify a period of two hours in the From and To
fields, and select the 15 Min option in the Window Duration field, the
data table shows eight lines of (nonzero) PM data.
5. When you finish setting the relevant period and the window duration, click
the relevant 24 Hours or 15 Min button to retrieve the data. Results vary
depending on object counters.
Button Description
Resets zoom and position of all charts to default values.
Button Description
Shifts all charts towards the end of time frame.
Resetting PM Counters
You can reset the performance counters of any transmission object whose
performance is measured. This action can be performed independently for each
object, or you can simultaneously reset the performance counters for multiple
transmission objects, as follows:
| Reset all performance counters for a selected card from the Shelf View.
| Reset the performance counters of specific objects only from the Card
Internals View.
The ability to reset multiple counters concurrently provides a fast and
convenient method for re-initializing counters all at once, instead of having to
reset them separately for each object.
Field Description
Rx Power Actual power level currently received
Input Power Gain block power level inside card
Laser Bias Current level of laser bias
Laser Temp Laser temperature level
Tx Power Actual power level currently transmitted
Field Description
Line Out Power (Relevant only for OFA-R cards) Line power output to line
(High when a module exceeds 27dBm output power. Low for
OFA-BF below 400 mW, and for OFA-RF below 450 mW)
Service Power (Relevant only for OFA-R cards) Supervisory Channel, used for
dithering, range is -414
History fields Minimum and maximum values for each counter
4. To filter the information displayed in the Browse File window, select File
> Filter. The PM Filter window opens.
5. Type one or multiple filter criteria, as required. You can refine the filter
criteria by clicking one of the buttons next to the text field. The following
table describes the functions of the filtering criteria available in the PM
Filter window.
Option Description
XC Label Displays information pertaining to a specific XC label only.
Customer Displays information pertaining to a specific customer only.
XCSet END Point Displays information pertaining to a specific XC endpoint only.
5. View the fields shown for each OPM channel, as described in the following
table.
6. Click Refresh to refresh the fields manually.
OR
Click Refresh Every to automatically refresh every x minutes (selected in
the dropdown list).
Field Description
Number of Carriers Number of carriers actually on line. Expected but missing
carriers are not counted.
Gain Tilt Difference between highest and lowest peak power carrier.
OSNR Threshold OSNR threshold set for OPS_M object (line).
Line Name Line name set for OPS_M object.
Scan Time Time when scan was performed.
Index Generated number listing lines of report.
Grid Frequency Center frequency of grid slot (ITU-T G.694) calculated from
Expected Wave Length and shown accordingly.
Expected Wave Center wavelength of a grid slot (window) as per ITU-T
Length G.694 calculated from measured Actual Wave length. Given
only for valid carriers that are within grid slot. Otherwise, grid
wavelength is not shown.
Actual Wave Actual wavelength of carrier as measured by OPM.
Length
Actual Power Actual peak power of carrier as measured by OPM.
Actual OSNR Actual OSNR of carrier as measured by OPM.
Invalid Alarm Alarm generated if carrier does not fall within a grid slot
(center wavelength 20% of spacing).
Unexpected Carrier Alarm generated if an actual carrier is measured but had not
been set as expected.
Missing Carrier Alarm generated for a carrier that had been set as expected but
is not being measured on line.
OSNR Low Alarm generated if the carrier measured OSNR is below set
OSNR threshold.
In this chapter:
Overview ....................................................................................................... 13-1
Performing Card Maintenance....................................................................... 13-2
xMCP/MXC Synchronization ....................................................................... 13-3
MSP Maintenance Operations ....................................................................... 13-4
MS-SPRing Maintenance Operations ............................................................ 13-5
Performing Transmission Object Maintenance ............................................. 13-6
Performing Maintenance on Timing/TMU Objects .................................... 13-16
Overview
This section discusses how to use EMS-XDM to perform routine maintenance
operations on XDM cards and internal objects.
Maintenance operations include card maintenance, xMCP/MXC
synchronization, MSP and MS-SPRing Maintenance operations, and
maintenance of transmission objects, and timing/TMU objects.
Most of these operations are performed by Configurators only from the Card
Internals View window.
Resetting a Card
You can reset a card that is not functioning properly when you suspect that the
problem is not caused by the card hardware.
4. If you performed protection lockout in Step 2, release the lockout (to allow
a switch to protection when the situation requires it).
xMCP/MXC Synchronization
The xMCP (in the XDM-500, XDM-1000, XDM-2000, and XDM-3000
shelves) or MXC (in the XDM-100, XDM-200, and XDM-300 shelves)
performs the XDM communications, control, alarm, and maintenance
functions, and contains the NVM and COM modules. An optional redundant
xMCP/MXC card may provide full 1:1 protection capability at the equipment
level. Upon failure of the active xMCP/MXC, the standby xMCP/MXC
becomes the active control unit.
xMCP cards are installed in the two center slots of the cards cage, C1 and C2.
The primary xMCP is installed in slot C1, and the backup is installed in slot
C2.
MXC cards are installed in slots A and B, with the primary MXC card installed
in slot A and the standby in slot B.
When installed in the 1+1 redundancy configuration, the two xMCPs/MXCs
can either be automatically synchronized every predefined time period, or
synchronized manually. You can view the status of the xMCP/MXC
synchronization by reading the SB DB State field in the NE Info window.
MS-SPRing Maintenance
Operations
You can perform maintenance operations on objects configured in MS-SPRing.
These maintenance operations can only be performed when the ring is active.
2. To view maintenance operation data, select an operation from the list, and
select File > Open. The relevant window (or Shelf View) opens displaying
data for the selected operation.
Performing/Releasing Loopbacks
Limitations
| For SNCP trails, AU/TU loopbacks are performed on both trails (towards
two I/Os).
| AU loopback can be performed only if AU-to-AU XC is available (that is,
only if AU is not terminated).
| For contiguous concatenation streams, AU-4-Xc, loopback is performed on
the entire stream (and not on individual AUs).
| TU-12 loopbacks performed in the matrix card are associated with the AU-
3/AU-4/TU-3/TU-12 objects themselves (that is activation and release are
through these objects).
In the XDM-400/500/1000/2000/3000, you can activate RS facility (far-end)
loopback for the following cards:
| XIO384
| SIO164
Limitations
| RS loopback cuts off DCC. Therefore, whenever DCC is active on this RS,
the EMS prevents DCC loopbacks. In such cases, a warning message
appears alerting that DCC is enabled for this RS and loopback is disabled.
| RS loopbacks with AIS are not supported.
| RS facility (far-end) loopbacks (on the client side) are supported in
TRP25_4 and TRP10_2B.
| STM-1/4 loopbacks are not supported.
| Contiguous to Virtual loopback is not supported.
To perform a loopback:
1. In the EMS-XDM main window, double-click an NE to open its Shelf
View.
2. Select a card containing the required interface point, right-click and select
Open. The Card Internals View Zoom area opens, displaying the objects
of the selected card.
3. Select the required object, and select Maintenance > Loopback, and select
either Near or Far.
To release a loopback:
| Repeat Steps 1-3 in the previous procedure, and click Release.
Sending an AIS
EMS-XDM enables you to force an Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) downstream
or send an AIS upstream to an object for testing purposes. AIS actions are
traffic-affecting.
To send an AIS:
1. In the EMS-XDM main window, double-click an NE to open its Shelf
View.
2. Double-click the card containing the required interface point to open its
Card Internals View.
3. Select the required object.
4. Select Maintenance > Force AIS > Force.
5. To cancel the AIS, repeat Steps 1-3, and select Maintenance > Force AIS
> Automatic.
Sending an RDI
EMS-XDM enables you to force a Remote Defect Indication (RDI) to test
proper reception at the VC or multiplexer section (MS) level of the adjacent
node in a network.
To send an RDI:
1. In the EMS-XDM main window, double-click an NE to open its Shelf
View.
2. Double-click the card containing the required interface point to display its
Card Internals View.
3. Select the required object.
4. Select Maintenance > Force RDI > Force.
5. To cancel the RDI, repeat Steps 1-3, and select Maintenance > Force RDI
> Automatic.
Switching to Protection
If one of the objects in the Card Internals View is part of a cross connection
as shown in the following figure, an arrow indicates the active (working)
object.
Sending a BDI
EMS-XDM enables you to force a Backward Defect Indication (BDI) to send
an indication to the remote side whenever a defect is detected at the Snk
termination point on an optical channel generated by the termination source.
To send a BDI:
1. In the EMS-XDM main window, double-click an NE to open its Shelf
View.
2. Double-click the card containing the required interface point to open its
Card Internals View.
3. Select the object and in the Zoom area, select the MS Src port.
4. Select Maintenance > Force BDI > Force.
5. To cancel the BDI, repeat Steps 1-3, and select Maintenance > Force BDI
> Automatic.
Sending an REI
EMS-XDM enables you to force a Remote Error Indication (REI) to return the
number of BIP errors counted at the near-end to the remote side.
To send an REI:
1. In the EMS-XDM main window, double-click an NE to open its Shelf
View.
2. Double-click the card containing the required interface point to open its
Card Internals View.
3. Select the required object.
4. Select Maintenance > Force REI > Force.
5. To cancel the REI, repeat Steps 1-3, and select Maintenance > Force REI
> Automatic.
Sending an RAI
EMS-XDM enables you to force a Remote Alarm Indication (RAI) to signal an
alarm to the remote side when a defect is detected at the near-end object.
To send an RAI:
1. In the EMS-XDM main window, double-click an NE to open its Shelf
View.
2. Double-click the card containing the required interface point to open its
Card Internals View.
3. Select the required object in the Card Internals View.
4. Select Maintenance > Force RAI > Force.
5. To cancel the RAI, repeat Steps 1-3, and select Maintenance > Force RAI
> Automatic.
Performing Maintenance on
Timing/TMU Objects
This section describes maintenance operations that can be performed on EMS-
XDM timing objects (TGs) and TMUs.
On XDM-500, XDM-1000, XDM-2000, and XDM-3000 shelves, all
maintenance operations on timing objects are performed from the left HLXC,
HLXC384, HLXC768, HLXC1536, and XIO Card Internals View (opened by
double-clicking the relevant card in the Shelf View).
Associating/Disassociating TMUs
EMS-XDM enables you to associate or disassociate the TMUs for lockout.
To disassociate TMUs:
1. In the Shelf View, open the right HLXC, HLXC384, HLXC768, XIO, or
MXC card, and in the Card Internals View, click the TMU object.
2. Select Maintenance > TMU Lockout > Activate.
3. Select Configuration > Disassociate TMUs.
To associate TMUs:
1. Open the right HLXC, HLXC384, HLXC768, XIO, or MXC card, and
click TMU.
2. If the TMU is locked out, to release the lockout, select Maintenance >
TMU Lockout > Release.
3. Select Configuration > Associate TMUs.
external DCC XCs for a single XDM Current alarms 10-14, 10-16, 10-18
8-54 filtering 10-16
external DCC XCs for multiple refreshing 10-14
XDMs 8-56 sorting 10-18
merging 8-72 Current performance charts 12-13
multiple NEs using NE discovery
1-3 D
network elements 1-2 Data (Ethernet and Layer 2) Transmission
operations 8-1 Alarms 11-19
planning 8-4 Data TCAs 11-28
removing DIO 8-30 DCC 1-21, 8-1
transmission objects 8-3 IP routing 1-21
using concatenation 8-53 DCC and IP Networking 1-21
workflow 8-3 DCC Clear Channel 8-12
Crossing the 15-Min Threshold for DCC Link Failure 11-34
Discarded Received DCC Packets DCC TCAs 11-34
11-34 DCM Card Information 5-92
Crossing the 15-Min Threshold for DCM Cards and Modules 5-93
Discarded Transmitted DCC Packets Decreasing GEoS Link Data Rate for
11-35 VC-4 6-39
Crossing the 15-Min Threshold for Default MS-SPRing K Bytes 11-50
Packets Discarded at the Router
Default RED settings - EoS ports 2-32
11-37
Default RED settings - ETY ports 2-32
Crossing the 15-Min Threshold for
Received Errored DCC Packets Defining 8-27, 8-64, 10-3, 10-9
11-34 alarm severity profiles 10-3
Crossing the 15-Min Threshold for cross connection main path 8-27
Transmitted Errored DCC Packets cross connection protection path
11-35 8-27
Crossing the 1-Day Threshold for external alarm input 10-9
Discarded Received DCC Packets external alarm output 10-9
11-36 OW conferencing groups 8-64
Crossing the 1-Day Threshold for Defining a Power Per Channel Offset
Discarded Transmitted DCC Packets Value 7-23
11-36
Defining Alarm Severity Profiles 10-4
Crossing the 1-Day Threshold for Packets
Defining Network Interfaces 1-31
Discarded at the Router 11-37
Defining OW Conferencing Groups
Crossing the 1-Day Threshold for
8-64
Received Errored DCC Packets
11-35 Defining Remote MEP for CFM 4-52
Crossing the 1-Day Threshold for Degraded (DEG) 11-6
Transmitted Errored DCC Packets Deleting a DCC Clear Channel XC 8-17
11-36
Deleting a PELES Chain 7-25 Dual FRR for P2MP Tunnels 9-46
Deleting a PG Listing from MS-SPRing Dual Homing VSI 4-54
9-28 Dual-Homed Protection 9-48
Deleting a Terminated DCC Channel Duplicate Media Access Control (MAC)
1-31 Alert 11-30
Deleting Flows 8-51 Duplicating Slot Assignments from an
Deleting FuNs 7-6 Existing NE 2-12
Deleting IP Routes 1-21 E
Deleting Links 7-10
Editing an OSPF Area Range 1-26
Deleting MPLS XCs 4-82
Editing IP Routes 1-21
Deleting MS-SPRing 9-32
Editing MS-SPRing 9-27
Deleting NEs 1-49
Editing Network Interfaces 1-33
Deleting Network Interfaces 1-34
Deleting PM Groups 12-7 Editing PM Groups 12-7
Deleting Static MC Addresses 4-60 Editing RED Curves 2-35
Editing Terminated DCC Channels 1-31
Deleting Topology Links 2-22
Editing VSIs 4-42
Deleting VSIs 4-42
Editing XCs with DIO1_20 or DIO1_40F
Deleting XCs 8-70
Cards 8-30
Deleting XCSs 8-75
Editing/Viewing MPLS XCs 4-79
Designating Main and Protected XC
Editing/Viewing P2MP XCs 4-79
Connections 8-27
Determining the Cause of an Alarm Editing/Viewing P2P XCs 4-79
10-15 EIS Cards and Modules 4-89
Dialing Policy 8-62 EIS/EISM Card Internals 4-88
DIO Card Internals 4-101 EIS/EISM Link Aggregation 4-93
DIO/DIOB/DIOM Cards and Modules EISM/EISMB Cards and Modules 4-99
4-103 EISMB Card Internals 4-97
DIO1_20 and DIO1_40F 11-85 EMS-XDM-specific Alarms 11-67
DIO1_61 11-86 Enabling ALS and FEC on Optical
DIOB/DIOM Card Internals 4-102 Objects 5-21
Disabling FEC/EFEC Settings 3-10 Enabling FEC/EFEC and ALS on Optical
Objects 3-9
Displaying 10-15, 12-12, 12-15, 12-19
Enabling LAN Emulation Interworking
equipment alarms per card 10-15
1-26
objects in PM profile 12-12
Enabling Large PM Automatic Data
optical levels of optical objects Collection 12-7
12-19
Enabling LCAS on EoS Ports 6-40
performance history charts 12-15
Enabling LCAS Protection 6-40
TTP alarms per card 10-15
Enabling SIM Cards 4-12
Document Contents xii
Enabling the MS RDI Alarm 6-19
Document Conventions xiv
Enabling/Disabling GEoS Ports 6-29
Door Open 11-54
Enabling/Disabling OSPF and ASBR
Dropped Packets (Pkts) 11-30 Settings 1-25
Viewing Equipment and TTP Alarms per Viewing PM History Reports in Chart
Card 10-15 Format 12-24
Viewing Equipment Configuration 4-22 Viewing PM History Reports in Tabular
Viewing FDB Status 4-34 Format 12-22
Viewing Historic DCC Performance Viewing PM Thresholds 4-68
1-37 Viewing PM, MS, and Optics Logs
Viewing History PM Counters 4-68 12-20
Viewing Internal Object Data 6-25 Viewing Power Change Information
Viewing Inventory 4-25 5-75
Viewing Maintenance Operations 13-8 Viewing Power Control Object (PCO)
Attributes 5-52
Viewing MPLS XC Alarms 4-85
Viewing Recurrent Alarms 10-24
Viewing MPLS XCs 4-80
Viewing RED Curves 2-34
Viewing MSP Information 9-16
Viewing RSTP Bridge Info 9-22
Viewing MS-SPRing Information 9-29
Viewing RSTP Status 4-31
Viewing MS-SPRing Information by NE
9-30 Viewing SDH Connections 4-23
Viewing MS-SPRing Information by Viewing Static Routes 1-19
Ring 9-29 Viewing Status 4-23
Viewing NE Alarms 1-12 Viewing Switch Alarms 4-30
Viewing NE Inventory 1-11, 1-42 Viewing Switch FDB Maintenance
Viewing NE States 1-44 Parameters 4-62
Viewing NE Status 1-5 Viewing Switch Performance 4-67
Viewing Network Interfaces 1-31 Viewing Switch SDH Connections 4-35
Viewing NUT Channels in the XC Viewing Switch Status 4-31
Browser 9-41 Viewing Terminated DCC Channels
Viewing Objects Per Alarm Severity 1-30
Profile 10-8 Viewing the Alarm Log 10-23
Viewing OCM Data 5-70 Viewing the Current Squelch List 9-38
Viewing ODU2 Alarms 5-25 Viewing the NUT Table 9-41
Viewing ODU2 Status 5-24 Viewing the PELES Action Log 7-28
Viewing OMTx10_LAN Status 5-27 Viewing the Protection Status 9-8
Viewing Optical Levels and Parameters Viewing Topology Link ASON Status
of Optical Objects 12-19 2-21
Viewing Overall OSPF Settings 1-23 Viewing TRP10_LAN Card Internals
Viewing PCS Status 5-30 5-23
Viewing Performance 4-24 Viewing VSI Connections 4-35
Viewing Performance History 12-14 Viewing VSI Multicast Status 4-60
Viewing Performance History in Chart Viewing VSI PM Data 4-44
Format 12-15 Viewing VSIs 4-83
Viewing Performance History in Tabular Viewing XCS Current Alarms 8-75
Format 12-14 Viewing XCs per Card 2-39
Viewing PM History Reports for OPS-M Viewing, Modifying, Activating, and
Objects 12-22 Deleting Policers 8-34